text string | annotation string | sft_text string | label int64 | verdict_type string | verdict_score float64 | verdict_why string | example_id string | source_id string | source_row_index int64 | source_sha256 string | generation_model_src string | ground_truth string | expert_majority_vote string | annotator_comments list | generation_model string |
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The vast majority of Earth's oceans remain unexplored, with their depths holding countless mysteries and untold scientific discoveries. While advanced submersibles and sophisticated equipment have helped researchers study deep-sea environments, the high costs of such technology—often running into millions of dollars—ha... | The vast majority of Earth's oceans remain unexplored, with their depths holding countless mysteries and untold scientific discoveries. While advanced submersibles and sophisticated equipment have helped researchers study deep-sea environments, the high costs of such technology—often running into millions of dolla... | <text>The vast majority of Earth's oceans remain unexplored, with their depths holding countless mysteries and untold scientific discoveries. While advanced submersibles and sophisticated equipment have helped researchers study deep-sea environments, the high costs of such technology—often running into millions of... | 1 | AI | 0.89 | I am confident this is AI-generated. The formulaic sentence structure in the first paragraph, and the way someone is always explaining or noting something, make it read like a template. There are several lists here; all the paragraphs and sentences are around the same length; and a lot of the article has its words push... | 236 | 26 | 236 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"Almost all of the names used in the article are variations of names that I’ve seen AI use before. It also mentions very interesting stuff like previously undocumented deep-sea creatures but fails to expand on this or mention any specifics, which is common with AI.",
"There are several lists here, which are trade... | gpt-5.4 |
Between themed TV specials, novelty candy flavors and the pageantry of the mass-produced costume, Halloween has become so thoroughly Americanized that we often forget the holiday grew from much more far-flung, and much more ancient, roots. Costumed trick-or-treating takes its inspiration from the Celtic holiday Samhain... | Between themed TV specials, novelty candy flavors and the <span>pageantry<annotation why="There’s a richness of language here, with a descriptive and unusual word" type="human" score="0.73" /></span> of the mass-produced costume, Halloween has become so thoroughly <span>Americanized<annotation why="This is an opinion-b... | <text>Between themed TV specials, novelty candy flavors and the <span>pageantry<annotation why="There’s a richness of language here, with a descriptive and unusual word" type="human" score="0.73" /></span> of the mass-produced costume, Halloween has become so thoroughly <span>Americanized<annotation why="This is an opi... | 0 | human | 0.85 | This text comes across as primarily human. There’s a richness of language, a variety of sentence types and lengths, and some sentences are almost too wordy and long, yet judicious use of punctuation means the piece is informative without being overwhelming or tedious. It feels more colloquial than AI, with contractions... | 22 | 45 | 22 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The writer’s general attitude towards Halloween’s trick or treating “begging for treats”, “even poor adults would sometimes beg”, and the quote of it being “a mild kind of blackmail” is much too cynical for AI. The article also feels too well-written for AI with phrases like “to emerge and stalk the earth for one ... | gpt-5.4 |
NASA announced more delays Thursday in sending astronauts back to the moon more than 50 years after Apollo. Administrator Bill Nelson said the next mission in the Artemis program -- flying four astronauts around the moon and back – is now targeted for April 2026. It had been on the books for September 2025, after slipp... | NASA announced <span>more delays Thursday in sending astronauts back to the moon more than 50 years<annotation why="the two ‘more than’s’ in the first sentence were one of the things that made this look human-generated" type="human" score="0.44" /></span> after Apollo. Administrator Bill Nelson said the next mission in... | <text>NASA announced <span>more delays Thursday in sending astronauts back to the moon more than 50 years<annotation why="the two ‘more than’s’ in the first sentence were one of the things that made this look human-generated" type="human" score="0.44" /></span> after Apollo. Administrator Bill Nelson said the next miss... | 0 | human | 0.89 | I see no signs of AI. I am confident this is human-written: the article doesn’t skim out on details, its format and writing style is straight to the point, with sentences that are declarative and simple. It gives credit when needed, uses more paraphrases than direct quotes, and does not try to impose any symbolic or su... | 120 | 0 | 120 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The punctuation at the beginning of the article is quite strange and makes me think it’s probably a human error. Human articles are also more likely to use expressions like “it’s on the books”.",
"I see no signs of AI.\nThe repetition of “agonizing” and the use of unusual words like “rip pff” and “bumps” suggest... | gpt-5.4 |
Nintendo has thrilled gamers around the globe by revealing plans to open a new museum in Kyoto, Japan, honoring the extensive history of video games. The museum, set to be a paradise for nostalgic enthusiasts and intrigued visitors alike, will include interactive displays, gaming memorabilia, areas for workshops, and l... | Nintendo has thrilled gamers around the globe by revealing plans to open a new museum in Kyoto, Japan, honoring the extensive history of video games. The museum, set to be a paradise for nostalgic enthusiasts and intrigued visitors alike, will include interactive displays, gaming memorabilia, areas for workshops, and l... | <text>Nintendo has thrilled gamers around the globe by revealing plans to open a new museum in Kyoto, Japan, honoring the extensive history of video games. The museum, set to be a paradise for nostalgic enthusiasts and intrigued visitors alike, will include interactive displays, gaming memorabilia, areas for workshops,... | 1 | AI | 0.91 | This is AI-generated because the quotations alone contain clear indicators: stock connective wording, ‘crucial’, and a distracting mix of speech tags where ‘said’ is repeatedly replaced with remarked, stated, emphasized, noted, and more. The article relies on extensive lists, complex but formulaic sentence patterns wit... | 183 | 34 | 183 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article is clearly AI-generated based on the quotations alone, which contain clear AI indicators, including the phrase “not only... but also” and the word “crucial”. I’ve also noticed that AI articles tend to heavily vary how they describe quotes. Most human-generated articles generally use “said”. AI article... | gpt-5.4 |
Q: I can never figure out how best to time my meals with my workouts. Should I be eating before I exercise or after? We’ve all been there: It’s 6 p.m. and you just got home from work. You want to go for a run, but you’re hungry. Should you eat dinner first and risk an upset stomach? Or should you run first, with potent... | Q: <span>I can never figure out how best to time my meals with my workouts. Should I be eating<annotation why="there’s a mix in tense in the first sentence, and it tries to engage the audience with questions instead of opening in a formulaic way" type="human" score="0.55" /></span> before I exercise or after? <span>We’... | <text>Q: <span>I can never figure out how best to time my meals with my workouts. Should I be eating<annotation why="there’s a mix in tense in the first sentence, and it tries to engage the audience with questions instead of opening in a formulaic way" type="human" score="0.55" /></span> before I exercise or after? <sp... | 0 | human | 0.65 | This feels human-written overall. The introduction and initial relatable first paragraph do not fit the usual AI style: it tries to engage the audience with questions, keeps a conversational tone, and even opens some sentences with conjunctions. The paragraphing and sentence types are varied, the punctuation breaks lon... | 43 | 14 | 43 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The introduction doesn’t fit the AI style and neither does the initial relatable first paragraph. The way the author says “we’ve all been there” is a much more common style in human writing. I’ve also found that AI articles tend to have a multitude of “human” experts while references to other sources (in this case... | gpt-5.4 |
On an ordinary day, beachcombers roaming the rocky shores of Newfoundland can hope to find treasures like mermaid’s purses, barnacle shells and a rainbow’s worth of sea-polished glass fragments. The oddest thing might be the occasional moose teeth, tools or even a doll’s head. Weird, white mystery blobs are another mat... | On an ordinary day, beachcombers roaming the rocky shores of Newfoundland can hope to find treasures like mermaid’s purses, barnacle shells and a rainbow’s worth of sea-polished glass fragments. The oddest thing might be the occasional moose teeth, tools or even a doll’s head. Weird, white mystery blobs are another mat... | <text>On an ordinary day, beachcombers roaming the rocky shores of Newfoundland can hope to find treasures like mermaid’s purses, barnacle shells and a rainbow’s worth of sea-polished glass fragments. The oddest thing might be the occasional moose teeth, tools or even a doll’s head. Weird, white mystery blobs are anoth... | 0 | human | 0.88 | This is human-written. It uses “said” throughout rather than cycling through synonyms, and all ideas are ascribed to their sources. It breaks the flow with short snappy sentences and is overall too well written to be machine-generated: the organization and story-telling mechanics are strong, the language is precise and... | 104 | 14 | 104 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article uses “said” throughout rather than cycling through synonyms. It also breaks the flow with short snappy sentences and is overall too well written to be machine-generated.",
"There are several unusual ways of saying things here that sound human: “indisputably blobby”, “the ocean was a little frisky”, “... | gpt-5.4 |
An estimated 300 to 350 million people worldwide are affected by colorblindness, a condition that makes it difficult to distinguish between certain hues. In nature, this means flowers, insects and animals may appear to be less vibrant. The differences can be especially pronounced during leaf-peeping season, when the le... | An estimated 300 to 350 million people worldwide are affected by colorblindness, a condition that makes it difficult to distinguish between certain hues. In nature, this means <span>flowers, insects and animals<annotation why="Missing Oxford comma; AI probably would have picked this up, and the inconsistency with the u... | <text>An estimated 300 to 350 million people worldwide are affected by colorblindness, a condition that makes it difficult to distinguish between certain hues. In nature, this means <span>flowers, insects and animals<annotation why="Missing Oxford comma; AI probably would have picked this up, and the inconsistency with... | 0 | human | 0.78 | I see no signs of AI here. The quotes feel quite natural, especially because they’re taken from park statements, apps, and clinics rather than exclusively doctors named Emily. There are a couple of errors that AI probably would have picked up, including the missing and inconsistent Oxford comma and the uncapitalized qu... | 26 | 53 | 26 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"Normally I consider “vibrant” to be an AI word. However, considering this article is about colourblindness, it’s more understandable for it to be used here. The quotes feel quite natural, especially the fact that they’re taken from park statements, apps, and clinics rather than exclusively doctors named Emily. I p... | gpt-5.4 |
As a child, the cookbook author Lesley Enston learned maybe the most important lesson about pepper sauce from her uncle Richard in Trinidad and Tobago: Be very careful when handling Scotch bonnet chiles. “I will always remember coming back to the house in Princes Town and finding him on the couch with his hands up in t... | As a child, the cookbook author Lesley Enston learned maybe the most important lesson about pepper sauce from her uncle Richard in Trinidad and Tobago: <span>Be very careful when handling Scotch bonnet chiles.<annotation why="the introduction pulls you in by opening with a vivid warning instead of a self-contained summ... | <text>As a child, the cookbook author Lesley Enston learned maybe the most important lesson about pepper sauce from her uncle Richard in Trinidad and Tobago: <span>Be very careful when handling Scotch bonnet chiles.<annotation why="the introduction pulls you in by opening with a vivid warning instead of a self-containe... | 0 | human | 0.84 | This feels human-written. Because of the topic and tone written, it reads like one you’d find in your online local newspaper from a reporter. Sentence length varies throughout each section and the paragraphs vary too, with sentences of different styles rather than a more textbook standard structure. The narrative style... | 12 | 25 | 12 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"A hot sauce bearing the name of a person’s drag persona feels way too creative for AI to have come up with it. The same goes for a person covering their hands in Vaseline after handling chillies. The introduction pulls you in and the conclusion is somewhat humorous, pointing to human writing. AI sentences tend to ... | gpt-5.4 |
In the center of Scranton, Pennsylvania, a city better known for its industrial heritage than its fashion industry, a subtle British influence is emerging. Boden, the popular UK fashion label, has launched a store on Biden Street, attracting women from various places with the allure of discounted samples and a hint of ... | In the center of Scranton, Pennsylvania, a city better known for its industrial heritage than its fashion industry, a subtle British influence is emerging. Boden, the popular UK fashion label, has launched a store on Biden Street, attracting women from various places with the allure of discounted samples and a hint of ... | <text>In the center of Scranton, Pennsylvania, a city better known for its industrial heritage than its fashion industry, a subtle British influence is emerging. Boden, the popular UK fashion label, has launched a store on Biden Street, attracting women from various places with the allure of discounted samples and a hi... | 1 | AI | 0.87 | The core parts of this article are AI-generated, though it contains a lot of human-edits to counteract a lot of its attempts to summarize, and some parts are visual in nature, relying on more common terminology and unnecessary words to assist readability. The first part has some more unusual word choice and sentences o... | 196 | 47 | 196 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article has way too many experts/relevant people who they can quote including a local historian, the brand’s creator, the person who manages the store, someone who lives nearby, an environmental studies professor, and a fashion expert. That alone is highly unlikely for an article of this length that’s borderli... | gpt-5.4 |
On the rugged shores of New Zealand’s southeastern coast, the yellow-eyed penguin, or **hoiho**, is facing a dire struggle. The species, known for its distinctive, pale-yellow eyes and shy demeanor, has experienced steep population declines in recent decades due to threats like habitat loss, predators, and disease. Now... | On the <span>rugged<annotation why="the adjective here points more toward human-generated text" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> shores of New Zealand’s southeastern coast, the yellow-eyed penguin, or **hoiho**, <span>is facing<annotation why="this shows a preference for progressive verb forms" type="AI" score="0.71... | <text>On the <span>rugged<annotation why="the adjective here points more toward human-generated text" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> shores of New Zealand’s southeastern coast, the yellow-eyed penguin, or **hoiho**, <span>is facing<annotation why="this shows a preference for progressive verb forms" type="AI" score... | 1 | AI | 0.78 | There are some human-looking touches here, like the adjective choice, the use of contractions, a couple of superfluous ‘that’s’ knocking around, and even a couple of double spaces in places. But overall this looks AI-generated: it cycles through attribution verbs like “explains”, “notes”, and “says”, one of the experts... | 265 | 55 | 265 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article cycles through synonyms like “explains”, “notes”, and “says” which is a common sign of machine-generated text. One of the experts is also named Rachel and the quotes are a bit verbose, which further points towards it being machine-generated.",
"The words “critical”, “root” are commonly used by AI.\nT... | gpt-5.4 |
In an age where social media drives many of our decisions, new research suggests that the more photos we share of a destination, the less appealing it becomes to others planning their special events. This phenomenon, dubbed "social media saturation effect" by researchers, reveals how our desire for uniqueness influence... | <span>In an age where<annotation why="It contains several very popular AI phrases like this one, one of those AI phrases it often resorts to if you don’t direct it with instructions and prompts; it is a stock opener template that can be counted across generated prose" type="AI" score="0.93" /></span> social media drive... | <text><span>In an age where<annotation why="It contains several very popular AI phrases like this one, one of those AI phrases it often resorts to if you don’t direct it with instructions and prompts; it is a stock opener template that can be counted across generated prose" type="AI" score="0.93" /></span> social media... | 1 | AI | 0.89 | I am quite confident this is AI-generated. While I see no specific markers of human writing, the accumulated pattern points the other way: several very popular AI phrases and a lot more of those AI phrases it often resorts to if you don’t direct it with instructions and prompts, typical LLM marker words, and someone ex... | 238 | 28 | 238 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article is once again clearly machine-generated based on the names it uses. It also contains several very popular AI phrases like “in our highly connected world” and “in an age where...” Lastly, it cycles through synonyms for “says” and even has one expert who conveniently concludes the article.",
"While I s... | gpt-5.4 |
In an era where misinformation spreads like wildfire, a new digital tool is making waves by helping people question and even abandon conspiracy theories. Meet DebunkBot, an innovative chatbot designed to engage users in meaningful conversations that challenge false beliefs. A recent study has shown promising results, s... | <span>In an era where misinformation spreads like wildfire, a new digital tool is making waves<annotation why="There is a certain rhythmical quality that AI favours; the first sentence has that pattern" type="AI" score="0.74" /></span> by helping people question and even abandon conspiracy theories. Meet DebunkBot, an ... | <text><span>In an era where misinformation spreads like wildfire, a new digital tool is making waves<annotation why="There is a certain rhythmical quality that AI favours; the first sentence has that pattern" type="AI" score="0.74" /></span> by helping people question and even abandon conspiracy theories. Meet DebunkBo... | 1 | AI | 0.93 | The base of the article is AI-generated. The lack of name creativity is enough to tell that it’s AI, and the reference to harmful theories never goes into detail about one, which seems like something AI would do because it can’t actually talk about harmful theories. It contains typically AI-used words and phrases, the ... | 165 | 32 | 165 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"Dr. Emily returns with a new surname and Dr. Mark Thompson makes a reappearance. The lack of name creativity is enough to tell that it’s AI. The way it references “harmful theories” without ever going into detail about one, seems like something AI would do. People might use similar prompts to get around restrictio... | gpt-5.4 |
Pay a winter visit to Norway’s remote Lofoten Islands, north of the Arctic Circle, and it’s impossible to miss the rows of headless fish carcasses hanging from wooden racks to dry. Follow the snaking two-lane road from village to village and you’ll arrive at the dock of H. Sverdrup AS fish factory in a town called Rein... | Pay a winter visit to Norway’s remote Lofoten Islands, north of the <span>Arctic Circle, and<annotation why="The comma before the “and” in the first sentence initially gave it away; misuse of commas is a little human tell." type="human" score="0.66" /></span> it’s impossible to miss the <span>rows of headless fish carc... | <text>Pay a winter visit to Norway’s remote Lofoten Islands, north of the <span>Arctic Circle, and<annotation why="The comma before the “and” in the first sentence initially gave it away; misuse of commas is a little human tell." type="human" score="0.66" /></span> it’s impossible to miss the <span>rows of headless fis... | 0 | human | 0.97 | This is human-written. The article is quite real and graphic in the way it describes things, and it feels a bit harsh for an AI article. The quotes are also quite realistic, and it doesn’t have any experts which AI would definitely include for an article of this length. It’s personal—there is occasional input of the wr... | 84 | 54 | 84 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article is quite real and graphic in the way it describes things. It feels a bit harsh for an AI article, especially when it talks about children piling up tongues on spikes. The quotes are also quite realistic and it doesn’t have any experts which AI would definitely include for an article of this length.",
... | gpt-5.4 |
An ancient bronze thought to be a likeness of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus is to be reunited with its long lost torso after a Danish museum agreed that its sculpture of a bearded man’s head had been looted and should be returned to Turkey. The torso, which for years stood in the Roman Court of the Metropolitan M... | <span>An ancient bronze thought to be a likeness of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus is to be reunited with its long lost torso after a Danish museum agreed that its sculpture of a bearded man’s head had been looted and should be returned to Turkey.<annotation why="This highlighted first one is longer than AI usuall... | <text><span>An ancient bronze thought to be a likeness of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus is to be reunited with its long lost torso after a Danish museum agreed that its sculpture of a bearded man’s head had been looted and should be returned to Turkey.<annotation why="This highlighted first one is longer than AI ... | 0 | human | 0.64 | There were no clear AI markers and a few human ones, though this is extremely difficult to detect either way and I do not feel very sure at all. The strongest human evidence is the very long opening sentence, plus some repetition, odd punctuation and a few very clunky sentences. Any sentences that seem formal and AI-la... | 135 | 15 | 135 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"There were no clear AI markers and a few human ones. That said, I don’t feel very sure at all, because none of the articles so far have seemed clearly one way or another.",
"This is extremely difficult to detect either way. I’ve gone with human because some of the sentences, such as the highlighted first one, ar... | gpt-5.4 |
In the wake of a major hurricane, as floodwaters recede and communities begin the long road to recovery, a new concern may arise for some electric vehicle owners: the risk of their car batteries catching fire. In recent years, reports have surfaced of electric vehicles (E.V.s) experiencing battery fires after being sub... | <span>In the wake of a major hurricane, as floodwaters recede and communities begin the long road to recovery<annotation why="The excessively dramatic introductory sentence" type="AI" score="0.84" /></span>, a new concern may arise for some electric vehicle owners: the risk of their car batteries catching fire. In rece... | <text><span>In the wake of a major hurricane, as floodwaters recede and communities begin the long road to recovery<annotation why="The excessively dramatic introductory sentence" type="AI" score="0.84" /></span>, a new concern may arise for some electric vehicle owners: the risk of their car batteries catching fire. I... | 1 | AI | 0.81 | Overall this looks AI-generated. The article has numerous AI markers like the use of pairs when describing things, several lists, and various other phrases I recognise from different AI text that I’ve worked with before. It contains a lot of the common vocabulary and sentence patterns that I see with AI, stays formal, ... | 255 | 45 | 255 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article has numerous AI markers like the use of pairs when describing things e.g. “safely and efficiently”. It also has various other phrases that I recognise from different AI text that I’ve worked with before.",
"The use of several lists suggests AI writing. E.g. “engineers, scientists, and firefighters.”\... | gpt-5.4 |
Grizzly bear 399, one of the best known bears in the world and the oldest recorded reproducing female grizzly in the greater Yellowstone area, was struck by a car and died Tuesday south of Jackson, Wyo. She was 28. Nicknamed “399,” she was adored by millions as she lumbered along busy roadsides, often with her cubs in ... | Grizzly bear 399, one of the <span>best known<annotation why="Missing hyphen in the first sentence; this makes me think this was human-generated because a model often normalizes compounds like this" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> bears in the world and the oldest <span>recorded reproducing<annotation why="Awkward ... | <text>Grizzly bear 399, one of the <span>best known<annotation why="Missing hyphen in the first sentence; this makes me think this was human-generated because a model often normalizes compounds like this" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> bears in the world and the oldest <span>recorded reproducing<annotation why="Aw... | 0 | human | 0.82 | I am very confident this is human-written. There’s all sorts of things wrong with the first sentence—missing hyphens, strange abbreviations, awkward phrasing—which makes me think this was again, human-generated. Its paragraphs and sentences are also varied, the language is concise and uses casual-like language for clar... | 134 | 14 | 134 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"A few phrases like “yo-yoed” made me believe that this article was more likely to be human-generated. Some of the very short sentences like “She was 28.” are also more common in human text.",
"There are few clues but the incidence of “not only...but also” twice hints at AI generation.",
"There’s all sorts of t... | gpt-5.4 |
Quarterback Patrick Mahomes wears the same pair of red underwear on every National Football League game day. After donning the undergarment during a successful first season in 2017, Mahomes continued to put it on before each game, believing it would bring him good luck. “If we’re on a hot streak, I can’t wash [the pair... | Quarterback Patrick Mahomes wears the same pair of red underwear on every National Football League game day. After donning the undergarment during a successful first season in 2017, Mahomes continued to put it on before each game, believing it would bring him good luck. <span>“If we’re on a hot streak, I can’t wash [th... | <text>Quarterback Patrick Mahomes wears the same pair of red underwear on every National Football League game day. After donning the undergarment during a successful first season in 2017, Mahomes continued to put it on before each game, believing it would bring him good luck. <span>“If we’re on a hot streak, I can’t wa... | 0 | human | 0.9 | I am mostly confident this is human-written. The article has very natural quotations with ellipses and clarifications made in brackets, and the use of “says” throughout helps. There are only two lists, the overall feel and more unusual vocabulary are human, and there’s good variety of sentence lengths and word choice. ... | 110 | 20 | 110 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article has very natural quotations with ellipses and clarifications made in brackets. This, combined with the use of “says” throughout, makes it clearly human-generated.",
"There are only two lists so they may not be AI-generated. The overall “feel” of the text and use of more unusual vocabulary such as “di... | gpt-5.4 |
In the weeks leading up to Halloween, the usually staid corridors of the Southern District’s courthouse undergo a peculiar metamorphosis. Law clerks, administrative staff, paralegals, and even bailiffs transform their offices into full-blown haunted spectacles, vying for top honors in an annual competition that has bec... | In the weeks leading up to Halloween, the usually staid corridors of the Southern District’s courthouse undergo a peculiar metamorphosis. Law clerks, administrative staff, paralegals, and <span>even<annotation why="Filler words like this make me think this is human-generated" type="human" score="0.48" /></span> bailiff... | <text>In the weeks leading up to Halloween, the usually staid corridors of the Southern District’s courthouse undergo a peculiar metamorphosis. Law clerks, administrative staff, paralegals, and <span>even<annotation why="Filler words like this make me think this is human-generated" type="human" score="0.48" /></span> b... | 1 | AI | 0.63 | Could be either human or AI since a reporter could have visited the courthouse and interviewed the people cited. Apart from a list or two, there aren’t any signs that could be ascribed to AI, the overall “feel” of the narrative is human, and there was a lot of good, unique verbs and quotes found in it. Filler words, ‘y... | 269 | 59 | 269 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article cycles through various synonyms for “says” like “confides” and “remarks”. The workplace expert also feels like an AI choice as the articles generated by LLMs always seem to have experts referred to as doctors regardless of how niche the topic is.",
"Apart from a list or two, there aren’t any signs th... | gpt-5.4 |
Today, thanks to her service dog Apollo, she's rediscovering what it means to live without fear. O'Brien is one of hundreds of veterans who have found relief through K9s For Warriors, a nonprofit organization that pairs trained service dogs with veterans suffering from PTSD, traumatic brain injury, and military sexual ... | <span>Today, thanks to her service dog Apollo,<annotation why="the first sentence seems to start in the middle of something; it doesn’t follow the usual formulaic AI structure" type="human" score="0.49" /></span> she's rediscovering what it means to live without fear. O'Brien is one of hundreds of veterans wh... | <text><span>Today, thanks to her service dog Apollo,<annotation why="the first sentence seems to start in the middle of something; it doesn’t follow the usual formulaic AI structure" type="human" score="0.49" /></span> she's rediscovering what it means to live without fear. O'Brien is one of hundreds of veter... | 1 | AI | 0.69 | This article must be machine-generated because of the names used towards the end, but it’s surprisingly natural-seeming. There are almost as many human markers as those for AI: the presence of so many facts; the sentences and paragraphs are varied, and the variation in the sentence lengths and style appears human; the ... | 212 | 2 | 212 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article must be machine-generated because of the names used towards the end but it’s surprisingly natural-seeming. There are almost as many human markers (like the presence of so many facts) as those for AI and without the names I might have said it was human-generated.",
"The use of the words “valuable too... | gpt-5.4 |
When NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft zipped past Uranus in January 1986, it gave humanity its first and only close-up glimpse of the mysterious ice giant. During its brief encounter, the probe recorded something peculiar: the planet's magnetic field appeared unusually empty of charged particles. Now, new research suggests ... | When NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft zipped past Uranus in January 1986, it gave humanity its first and only close-up glimpse of the mysterious ice giant. During its brief encounter, the probe recorded something peculiar: the planet's magnetic field appeared unusually empty of charged particles. Now, new research... | <text>When NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft zipped past Uranus in January 1986, it gave humanity its first and only close-up glimpse of the mysterious ice giant. During its brief encounter, the probe recorded something peculiar: the planet's magnetic field appeared unusually empty of charged particles. Now, new re... | 1 | AI | 0.91 | While some areas appear human-written, I believe this article is AI-generated. A lot of the article gave some pretty good descriptions in the beginning, but it devolved by the middle, as it repeated a lot of phrases and kept returning to research that ‘suggests’ things. It contains various AI words and phrases, rotates... | 232 | 22 | 232 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article contains various AI words and phrases like “highlights”, “underscores”, and “serves as a reminder”. It also uses synonyms like “explains” and “notes” when speakers are talking, which further points toward it being machine-generated.",
"I can’t detect signs here of either human or AI writing. I’ve go... | gpt-5.4 |
Babies experience a torrent of sensory information from the moment they are born. Knowing nothing about the world, they must learn to sort this deluge into categories of things—especially faces. “Faces are one of the most relevant visual signals babies start to learn during the first month,” says Arnaud Leleu, a cognit... | <span>Babies experience a torrent of sensory information<annotation why="The paper begins with an uncomplicated statement, and the first paragraph also contains rich language such as ‘torrent’." type="human" score="0.62" /></span> from the moment they are born. Knowing nothing about the world, they must learn to <span>... | <text><span>Babies experience a torrent of sensory information<annotation why="The paper begins with an uncomplicated statement, and the first paragraph also contains rich language such as ‘torrent’." type="human" score="0.62" /></span> from the moment they are born. Knowing nothing about the world, they must learn to ... | 0 | human | 0.81 | I am mostly confident that this is human written. There are none of the classic signs of AI in this article, such as the use of words like ‘crucial’ and ‘both’, and there are no typical AI metaphors. A few sentences threw me off because they were summarizing sentences that I’d often see in AI, but in the context of wha... | 52 | 23 | 52 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"I’ve noticed that human articles seem to use the em dash much more than AI-generated ones. I’m not sure what the reason is but this seems to be a notable style difference. The part of the article where the methodology is described—which was incredibly detailed—is a clear indicator of human-generated text. Everythi... | gpt-5.4 |
In February 1973, Dave Arneson, a history major at the University of Minnesota and part-time security guard, drove with a friend from the Twin Cities to the resort town of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. They were on a quest to meet Gary Gygax, an insurance underwriter. What brought the three together was a deep devotion to pl... | <span>In February 1973<annotation why="It gives extensive detail on how D&D was created" type="human" score="0.55" /></span>, Dave Arneson, a history major at the University of Minnesota and <span>part-time security guard<annotation why="This kind of specific detail is again part of the extensive detail on how D&am... | <text><span>In February 1973<annotation why="It gives extensive detail on how D&D was created" type="human" score="0.55" /></span>, Dave Arneson, a history major at the University of Minnesota and <span>part-time security guard<annotation why="This kind of specific detail is again part of the extensive detail on ho... | 0 | human | 0.9 | This feels human-written. The text has a nuanced style and a unique writing style, especially in its use of “so,” and it varies sentence and paragraph length very well, which keeps the reader engaged. The sentences are quite long and complex, but every aspect of the story stays right to the point and gives extensive de... | 24 | 49 | 24 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The author has a unique writing style, which can most easily be seen in their use of “so”. They start a sentence saying one thing and then join the next part of the sentence with “, so...” There’s also a personal anecdote from the writer which would be unusual for AI. The anecdote itself paints a religion in an un... | gpt-5.4 |
In a groundbreaking move, California has enacted new legislation aimed at safeguarding the financial futures of child influencers. The law, which will take effect in January, mandates that parents and guardians who profit from social media posts featuring their children must set aside a portion of the earnings for the ... | In a groundbreaking move, California has <span>enacted<annotation why="AI tends to love words like ‘enacting’, and this variant fits that pattern" type="AI" score="0.78" /></span> new legislation aimed at safeguarding the financial futures of child influencers. The law, which will take effect in January, mandates that ... | <text>In a groundbreaking move, California has <span>enacted<annotation why="AI tends to love words like ‘enacting’, and this variant fits that pattern" type="AI" score="0.78" /></span> new legislation aimed at safeguarding the financial futures of child influencers. The law, which will take effect in January, mandates... | 1 | AI | 0.95 | This article is definitely AI-generated. The names of the doctors alone have featured in several articles, and the phrase ‘in the digital age’ appears in the introduction and conclusion, which I’ve frequently encountered in AI articles. There are also a couple of words AI often uses, such as ‘navigating’ and ‘crucial’,... | 152 | 6 | 152 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The names of the doctors alone, which have featured in several articles, guarantee that this has to be written by AI. It also contains the phrase “in the digital age” in the introduction and conclusion, which I’ve frequently encountered when working with AI articles. The quotes also don’t sound natural and they’re... | gpt-5.4 |
Late last year, a team of materials scientists at the University of Manchester developed a peculiar window dressing: a thin silk curtain embedded with a special vibrating fiber. This textile can hush the roar of traffic, blaring car horns, and even construction racket. By mimicking the way noise-canceling headphones pr... | Late last year, a team of materials scientists at the University of Manchester developed a peculiar window dressing: a thin silk curtain embedded with a special vibrating fiber. This textile can hush the roar of <span>traffic, blaring car horns, and even construction racket<annotation why="The use of several lists, wit... | <text>Late last year, a team of materials scientists at the University of Manchester developed a peculiar window dressing: a thin silk curtain embedded with a special vibrating fiber. This textile can hush the roar of <span>traffic, blaring car horns, and even construction racket<annotation why="The use of several list... | 1 | AI | 0.82 | I am mostly confident this is AI-generated. I’m seeing a lot of the usual AI writing patterns here, making direct comparisons like it won’t do this, but it will do this, listings of concepts of three separated by commas, and condensed, tight strings of words neatly put together in formalistic language, plus common voca... | 291 | 51 | 291 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The way speakers “add”, “acknowledge”, and “emphasize” seems like machine-generated text. The last sentence suggesting better things for the future is also very common in AI text.",
"The use of several lists (highlighted) suggests AI authorship.",
"Here’s why I think it’s human-generated: lowercase letter afte... | gpt-5.4 |
It started as a curiosity on a few tech-focused Reddit forums: a handful of users noticed that whenever they prompted ChatGPT, the popular chatbot made by OpenAI, to say or discuss the name “David Mayer,” it balked. The model would sidestep, apologize, or provide a vague explanation about restrictions without ever typi... | It started as a curiosity on a few tech-focused Reddit forums: a handful of users noticed that whenever they prompted ChatGPT, the popular chatbot made by OpenAI, to say or discuss the name “David Mayer,” it balked. The model would <span>sidestep, apologize, or provide a vague explanation<annotation why="The use of a f... | <text>It started as a curiosity on a few tech-focused Reddit forums: a handful of users noticed that whenever they prompted ChatGPT, the popular chatbot made by OpenAI, to say or discuss the name “David Mayer,” it balked. The model would <span>sidestep, apologize, or provide a vague explanation<annotation why="The use ... | 1 | AI | 0.69 | I am pretty confident this is AI-generated. What determines it for me is the pattern of three in sentences, the use of a few lists, a couple of AI words, and the use of the 1st person plural pronoun in the last sentence to create a feeling of mutual cordiality. The conclusion is flowery in tone, which is also a key giv... | 282 | 42 | 282 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"2/3 experts in the article were referred to by “Dr.” even though the subject matter doesn’t really warrant it. There were also a couple of AI words like “notes” and “highlights”.",
"The only clue here is the use of a few lists (highlighted).",
"Here’s why I think it’s human generated: filler words like ‘very’.... | gpt-5.4 |
Montana rancher Arthur “Jack” Schubarth has been sentenced to six months in prison for his involvement in producing giant, hybrid sheep, a case that has drawn interest from both the scientific community and the public. Schubarth, a rancher with more than 30 years of experience, was convicted of unlawfully cloning genet... | Montana rancher Arthur “Jack” Schubarth has been sentenced to <span>six months in prison<annotation why="the opening sentence also contained the specific length of the prison sentence" type="AI" score="0.44" /></span> for his <span>involvement<annotation why="nominalisation" type="AI" score="0.52" /></span> in producin... | <text>Montana rancher Arthur “Jack” Schubarth has been sentenced to <span>six months in prison<annotation why="the opening sentence also contained the specific length of the prison sentence" type="AI" score="0.44" /></span> for his <span>involvement<annotation why="nominalisation" type="AI" score="0.52" /></span> in pr... | 1 | AI | 0.95 | This is AI-generated. The opening sentence is very generic and immediately gave almost everything the article was about, while also containing the specific length of the prison sentence. The article contains a lot of the usual strict language that attempts to summarize and insert ideas within a languid sentence structu... | 184 | 35 | 184 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The opening sentence was interesting as it was very generic and immediately gave almost everything the article was about, but also contained the specific length of the prison sentence. This made which it was somewhat unclear. As I read further, there were various AI words and phrases as well as a conclusion that m... | gpt-5.4 |
In the early 1970s, a new kind of game emerged from the basements and living rooms of America, one that would forever change the landscape of play. Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), a tabletop role-playing game (RPG) created by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, was unlike anything that had come before. It invited players to step in... | In the early 1970s, a new kind of game emerged <span>from the basements and living rooms of America<annotation why="the introduction isn’t overly generic, which at first makes it look less like a stock template" type="human" score="0.24" /></span>, one that would forever change the landscape of play. Dungeons & Dra... | <text>In the early 1970s, a new kind of game emerged <span>from the basements and living rooms of America<annotation why="the introduction isn’t overly generic, which at first makes it look less like a stock template" type="human" score="0.24" /></span>, one that would forever change the landscape of play. Dungeons &am... | 1 | AI | 0.92 | Even though the introduction isn’t overly generic, this reads AI-generated. The article is about a game, yet it keeps quoting experts who all happen to be doctors; a normal article would be more likely to quote a group of players or a DM. The piece follows the same textbook style, with headers that try to provide conte... | 174 | 50 | 174 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"At first, I thought it might be human-generated because the introduction isn’t overly generic. However, the article is about a game and it quotes 6 different experts, all who happen to be doctors. Experts are hard to find and a normal article would be more likely to quote a group of players or a DM. This alone mak... | gpt-5.4 |
Anosmia—the absence of the sense of smell—can feel like a significant loss during a stuffy, congested cold. Much of the time, however, we may take that sense for granted. For most people, sniffing is a natural, everyday act that flows with the cadence of inhales and exhales. But for those born without this sense, breat... | Anosmia—the absence of the sense of smell—can feel like a significant loss during a stuffy, congested cold. Much of the time, however, we may take that sense for granted. For most people, sniffing is a natural, everyday act that flows with the cadence of inhales and exhales. But for those born without this sense, breat... | <text>Anosmia—the absence of the sense of smell—can feel like a significant loss during a stuffy, congested cold. Much of the time, however, we may take that sense for granted. For most people, sniffing is a natural, everyday act that flows with the cadence of inhales and exhales. But for those born without this sense,... | 0 | human | 0.86 | This one is extremely difficult, and I would have said AI based on the first paragraph. But many of the sentences vary in length, and because of its ability to go into detail about the facts related to the study and the condition itself, I am able to get the gist of the article as the reader. It explains quite clearly ... | 116 | 26 | 116 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article mentions various real publications who the speakers are being interviewed by. This is much more common in the real human articles that I’ve seen so far. It also explains quite clearly how the study was carried out.",
"This one is extremely difficult. I see no signs of either AI or human to highlight ... | gpt-5.4 |
Officials in Florida warned residents to move their electric vehicles away from potential flood zones ahead of Hurricane Milton to avoid the risk that the cars could burst into flames after being submerged in saltwater for extended periods. “Keep electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries away from floodwaters and sto... | Officials in Florida warned residents to move their electric vehicles away from potential flood zones ahead of Hurricane Milton to avoid the risk that the cars could burst into flames after being submerged in saltwater for extended periods. “Keep electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries away from floodwaters and sto... | <text>Officials in Florida warned residents to move their electric vehicles away from potential flood zones ahead of Hurricane Milton to avoid the risk that the cars could burst into flames after being submerged in saltwater for extended periods. “Keep electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries away from floodwaters a... | 0 | human | 0.95 | This looks human-generated because there is a copying mistake in the last heading and a punctuation error in a quote, both of which read like human editing slips. It also has sentence case headings, choppy sentences, varied paragraph length, contractions, colloquial language, ‘you’ language, and simple instead of perfe... | 105 | 15 | 105 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article has an HTML tag in one of the headings which almost certainly means it’s human-generated and there was a mistake when copying it. Another sign is that it uses “said” almost exclusively.",
"I think this is human-generated because of the punctuation error in the speech “This isn’t a risk...said Albert ... | gpt-5.4 |
In the world of old smartphones, outdated laptops, and discarded circuit boards, there’s a wealth of valuable materials waiting to be reclaimed—and gold is at the top of that list. The problem is, recovering gold from electronic waste (often called e-waste) typically involves harsh chemicals, high temperatures, or ener... | <span>In the world of old smartphones, outdated laptops, and discarded circuit boards<annotation why="very generic introduction, and it has the sentence pattern of connecting one idea to larger sets of ideas before getting specific" type="AI" score="0.86" /></span>, <span>there’s<annotation why="based on the contractio... | <text><span>In the world of old smartphones, outdated laptops, and discarded circuit boards<annotation why="very generic introduction, and it has the sentence pattern of connecting one idea to larger sets of ideas before getting specific" type="AI" score="0.86" /></span>, <span>there’s<annotation why="based on the cont... | 1 | AI | 0.84 | This is competently written, but overall it looks AI-generated: it has a number of AI phrases, a very generic introduction and conclusion, list-based phrasing, and the use of words like “crucial” and the “not only...but” construction. It uses lots of synonyms for when a speaker is talking rather than just “says,” and i... | 259 | 49 | 259 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article has a number of AI phrases as well as a very generic introduction and conclusion. It also uses lots of synonyms for when a speaker is talking rather than just “says”.",
"There are a couple of signs of AI here:\n# Lists such as “harsh chemicals, high temperatures...processes”\n# The use of the words “... | gpt-5.4 |
He’s been called God’s influencer. The patron saint of the internet. And now Carlo Acutis will be the first-ever millennial to be named a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. On July 1, the Vatican approved the canonization of the teenage tech whiz who died of leukemia in 2006. Much has been made of the announcement, wh... | <span>He’s been called God’s influencer.<annotation why="very unique introduction; the first paragraph comprises of short choppy sentences, and the text is injected with enough irreverence to render it human. There’s also a good command of grammar use here, with a possessive apostrophe" type="human" score="0.86" /></sp... | <text><span>He’s been called God’s influencer.<annotation why="very unique introduction; the first paragraph comprises of short choppy sentences, and the text is injected with enough irreverence to render it human. There’s also a good command of grammar use here, with a possessive apostrophe" type="human" score="0.86" ... | 0 | human | 0.89 | This is human-written. I see none of the usual signs of AI here. The introduction and general writing style are very unique: sentence-case headings, a first paragraph made of short choppy sentences, and several sentences that begin with coordinating conjunctions instead of dutifully following prescriptive language rule... | 67 | 37 | 67 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The entire article has quite a cynical view of Catholicism throughout, something I would never expect from AI. Combined with the very unique introduction and general writing style, it’s quite clearly human-generated",
"I see none of the usual signs of AI here. Plus, the use of the contraction “and” at the beginn... | gpt-5.4 |
Light pollution has increased about 10 percent each year over the past decade, making it one of the most drastic changes humans have made to the environment—and insects worldwide are noticing. Artificial lights that run all night, like streetlights, can make leaves grow tougher and less appetizing for insects, accordin... | Light pollution has increased about 10 percent each year over the past decade, making it one of the most drastic changes humans have made to the environment—and insects worldwide are noticing. Artificial lights that run all night, like streetlights, can make leaves grow tougher and less appetizing for insects, accordin... | <text>Light pollution has increased about 10 percent each year over the past decade, making it one of the most drastic changes humans have made to the environment—and insects worldwide are noticing. Artificial lights that run all night, like streetlights, can make leaves grow tougher and less appetizing for insects, ac... | 0 | human | 0.82 | This resembles a student report on new research, and I am pretty confident it is human-written. The study is very specific about the methodology used by the researchers, down to details like the number of leaves collected and what signs of insect predation were used. It uses “says” throughout with only one synonym. The... | 101 | 11 | 101 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"This study is very specific about the methodology used by the researchers down to details like the number of leaves collected and what signs of insect predation were used. It also uses “says” throughout with only one synonym, which further indicates that it was human-generated.",
"There are a few lists used and ... | gpt-5.4 |
When I was young, I wanted to be a circus contortionist when I grew up. My life clearly didn’t work out that way, but I still have fond memories of practicing “circus” with my friends. Kids are known for having big, sometimes funny, aspirations, and Prince George, the son of British royals Prince William and Kate Middl... | <span>When I was young<annotation why="The opening sentences describe what the author wanted to be when they grew up; they don’t let you know what the article is about yet and are quite personal. Use of the 1st person in the introduction also gives it a voice, and that voice is quite young, but less mechanically so tha... | <text><span>When I was young<annotation why="The opening sentences describe what the author wanted to be when they grew up; they don’t let you know what the article is about yet and are quite personal. Use of the 1st person in the introduction also gives it a voice, and that voice is quite young, but less mechanically ... | 0 | human | 0.9 | This reads as human-written. The opening is personal, first-person, and delays telling you what the article is about; it even tells you to read on. It has a young voice and personality, with quirky asides, simple simplifications, and quote references meshed into surrounding sentences. The structure uses sentence case h... | 42 | 13 | 42 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The opening sentences describe what the author wanted to be when they grew up. They don’t let you know what the article is about yet and are quite personal. This in itself is a pretty clear indication of the article being written by a real human. The article also encourages you to “read on” something that I haven’... | gpt-5.4 |
The mystery of how and why wombats produce distinctive cube-shaped droppings has long puzzled scientists and nature enthusiasts alike. These Australian marsupials are the only known animals in the world that produce scat in the shape of cubes, and researchers have finally begun to understand the unique physiological pr... | The mystery of how and why wombats produce distinctive cube-shaped <span>droppings<annotation why="the human-generated version used the word “poop” instead of this" type="AI" score="0.78" /></span> has long puzzled scientists and nature enthusiasts alike. These Australian marsupials are the only known animals in the wo... | <text>The mystery of how and why wombats produce distinctive cube-shaped <span>droppings<annotation why="the human-generated version used the word “poop” instead of this" type="AI" score="0.78" /></span> has long puzzled scientists and nature enthusiasts alike. These Australian marsupials are the only known animals in ... | 1 | AI | 0.92 | I am quite confident this is AI-generated. The text contains too many experts, many of whom have first names and last names that don’t quite go together, and it is filled with AI words and classic sentence templates. It compresses and pushes together a lot of large vocabulary words, but doesn’t provide explanations for... | 220 | 10 | 220 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The text contains too many experts, many of whom have first names and last names that don’t quite go together. It’s also filled with AI words like “crucial” and “insights.",
"The repetition of the words “crucial” and “not only...but also” are classic AI. Also, there are examples of the distinctive sentence form ... | gpt-5.4 |
The Australian government announced on Thursday that it plans to ban children under the age of 16 from using social media, introducing what officials describe as “world-leading” legislation. Under the proposed laws, social media platforms will be required to verify the ages of their users and ensure that no one below t... | The Australian government announced on Thursday that it plans to ban children under the age of 16 from using social media<span>, introducing what officials describe as “world-leading” legislation<annotation why="the introduction is very generic, and many sentences here use the independent phrase, comma, dependent phras... | <text>The Australian government announced on Thursday that it plans to ban children under the age of 16 from using social media<span>, introducing what officials describe as “world-leading” legislation<annotation why="the introduction is very generic, and many sentences here use the independent phrase, comma, dependent... | 1 | AI | 0.77 | Overall this reads as AI-generated. Both the introduction and conclusion are very generic. The sentence style suggests AI writing; many sentences use the independent phrase, comma, dependent phrase format, and there are also a couple of names that look like those favoured by AI. Otherwise, it has all the hallmarks of A... | 241 | 31 | 241 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"Both the introduction and conclusion are very generic. There are also a couple of names that look like those favoured by AI and a few common AI phrases like “robust safeguards”.",
"The sentence style suggests AI writing. Many sentences here use the “independent phrase, comma, dependent phrase” format.\nAlso, lis... | gpt-5.4 |
Our planet is getting hotter. Since the Industrial Revolution—an event that spurred the use of fossil fuels in everything from power plants to transportation—Earth has warmed by 1 degree Celsius, about 2 degrees Fahrenheit. That may sound insignificant, but 2023 was the hottest year on record, and all 10 of the hottest... | <span>Our planet is getting hotter<annotation why="sentence length varies; this clipped opening is the short end of that pattern" type="human" score="0.52" /></span>. Since the <span>Industrial Revolution—an event that spurred the use of fossil fuels in everything from power plants to transportation—<annotation why="co... | <text><span>Our planet is getting hotter<annotation why="sentence length varies; this clipped opening is the short end of that pattern" type="human" score="0.52" /></span>. Since the <span>Industrial Revolution—an event that spurred the use of fossil fuels in everything from power plants to transportation—<annotation w... | 0 | human | 0.79 | I am pretty confident this is human-written. It contains the em dash, sentence case headings, use of bullet points, and varied sentence length. The article starts off by explaining facts and providing context for the article, and then leads into the meat of the topic without decorating it with sentiments. Any sentiment... | 39 | 10 | 39 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article contains the em dash, something that immediately made me lean towards it being human-generated. It’s also very factual with details about how much earth has warmed by, how much more moisture the air holds, what percentage of emissions methane makes up, and much more. I have generally found that any art... | gpt-5.4 |
At 74º latitude, Devon Island is nearly 5,000 miles north of Hawaii—and more than five times the size. Remote, windswept, and harsh, the isle is classified as a polar desert, with barren mountains rising above frost-worn beaches, where seabirds fill the skies and the occasional muskox wanders along the shore. Lying alo... | At 74º latitude, Devon Island is nearly 5,000 miles north of Hawaii—and more than five times the size. Remote, windswept, and harsh, the isle is classified as a polar desert, with barren mountains rising above frost-worn beaches, where seabirds fill the skies and the occasional muskox wanders along the shore. Lying alo... | <text>At 74º latitude, Devon Island is nearly 5,000 miles north of Hawaii—and more than five times the size. Remote, windswept, and harsh, the isle is classified as a polar desert, with barren mountains rising above frost-worn beaches, where seabirds fill the skies and the occasional muskox wanders along the shore. Lyi... | 0 | human | 0.88 | This is human-written. There are none of the usual signs of AI here. The article contains a lot of facts and details, all neatly organized in a way that’s descriptive and engaging. Headings are meaningful introductions to the paragraphs they introduce, and one section is 3x longer than the other two. Use of contraction... | 97 | 7 | 97 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"This article contains a few “darker” references like suicide, lead-lined cans, and a piece of canvas marked “terror”. This, combined with the use of “says” and a realistic number of experts leads me to believe that it’s human-generated.",
"I see none of the usual signs of AI here.\nThe subtle play on words in “I... | gpt-5.4 |
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed from a futuristic idea into a real influence changing industries. Although AI's capacity to respond to questions is well-known, a new wave of AI agents is on the rise, set to transform business software by automating intricate tasks and decision-making. This... | <span>In recent years<annotation why="The introduction is very generic as you would expect from machine-generated text, opening with a lengthy overview of the topic in broad strokes rather than making subtle decisions about context, word choice, pacing, and tone" type="AI" score="0.83" /></span>, artificial intelligenc... | <text><span>In recent years<annotation why="The introduction is very generic as you would expect from machine-generated text, opening with a lengthy overview of the topic in broad strokes rather than making subtle decisions about context, word choice, pacing, and tone" type="AI" score="0.83" /></span>, artificial intel... | 1 | AI | 0.95 | This is AI-generated because it is filled with AI-favored words like ‘intricate’, ‘crucial’, ‘safeguard’, and the same stock wording behind ‘fostering’. Both the introduction and conclusion are very generic, and the conclusion even starts with ‘In summary’. The last paragraph sums up the main points in the way AI usual... | 199 | 50 | 199 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article is filled with AI words like “fostering”, “streamline”, and “intricate”. Both the introduction and conclusion are very generic as you would expect from machine-generated text and the conclusion even starts with the phrase “in summary”. Lastly, the quotations have the same overly wordy tone as the rest ... | gpt-5.4 |
When David Lane first started teaching, one of his students called him "Humpty Dumpty." That was enough for the high-school art instructor in Rochester, N.Y., to swap his low-slung pants, held up with suspenders, for ones that hit higher. Though it felt like a small adjustment, Lane found the altered shape a big confid... | When David Lane first started teaching, one of his students called him <span>"Humpty Dumpty."<annotation why="too creative for AI, and might be considered on the harmful side, which safety-tuned systems often avoid; it also uses a bit of humor to make the text interesting to read" type="human" score="0.89" />... | <text>When David Lane first started teaching, one of his students called him <span>"Humpty Dumpty."<annotation why="too creative for AI, and might be considered on the harmful side, which safety-tuned systems often avoid; it also uses a bit of humor to make the text interesting to read" type="human" score="0.... | 0 | human | 0.89 | This feels human-written because there’s more variety in how some of the sentences are written: rich vocabulary, varying sentence types and lengths, and varied paragraph and sentence length make it more interesting to read than the usual bland offerings presented by AI. The quotes feel quite real; the article explains ... | 29 | 59 | 29 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"A student calling an overweight teacher “humpty dumpty” is too creative for AI, and might be considered on the harmful side. The quotes also feel quite real, rather than explaining the entire story, the article explains the point and then supplements it with a quote. AI tends to make entire quotes say exactly what... | gpt-5.4 |
The hairy, ground-hugging vines of the squirting cucumber Ecballium elaterium might seem like an ordinary weedy plant. But take a closer look at the plant, which grows in dry, barren areas in the Mediterranean, and you’ll find “an extraordinary thing,” said Chris Thorogood, a botanist at the University of Oxford Botani... | The <span>hairy, ground-hugging vines<annotation why="The visually accurate description in the first sentence means the reader has a good idea of what this plant looks like, and it uses colourful adjectives" type="human" score="0.86" /></span> of the squirting cucumber Ecballium elaterium might seem like an ordinary we... | <text>The <span>hairy, ground-hugging vines<annotation why="The visually accurate description in the first sentence means the reader has a good idea of what this plant looks like, and it uses colourful adjectives" type="human" score="0.86" /></span> of the squirting cucumber Ecballium elaterium might seem like an ordin... | 0 | human | 0.91 | I am confident this article is human-written. There are no signs of AI: there’s a lot of ‘you’ language, colourful verbs and adjectives, and a mixture of formal and informal language. The lead-in contains all necessary information people should know before diving into the details, and when describing the plant’s disper... | 133 | 13 | 133 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article seems to have a lot of different experts which it intermittently refers to by “Dr.” They’re also all introduced in the same formulaic way. I wasn’t particularly sure because a few of the sentences in it did seem quite unique.",
"There are no signs of AI.\nThe unusual way of saying “goes ballistic” an... | gpt-5.4 |
After working at a crowded and dangerous internment camp in Iraq, Air Force Staff Sgt. Heather O’Brien brought home with her anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. A bouncy labradoodle and a Kansas City-area program helped her get back on her feet. Dogs 4 Valor, operated through the Olathe, Kansas-based organizati... | After working at a crowded and dangerous internment camp in Iraq, Air Force Staff Sgt. Heather O’Brien <span>brought home with her anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder<annotation why="There’s some missing punctuation in the first sentence that makes it difficult to read, and AI probably would have cleaned up this... | <text>After working at a crowded and dangerous internment camp in Iraq, Air Force Staff Sgt. Heather O’Brien <span>brought home with her anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder<annotation why="There’s some missing punctuation in the first sentence that makes it difficult to read, and AI probably would have cleaned u... | 0 | human | 0.76 | This is human-written. Based on the repeated O’Brien said attributions, the quotations’ filler phrases, the many sentences that start with And, the staccato use of several short sentences one after the other, the missing punctuation in the first sentence, no Oxford comma, choppy sentences, awkward phrasing, and filler ... | 62 | 32 | 62 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"Based on the number of times “O’Brien said” is used, I believe this article to be human-generated. The quotations also use filler phrases such as “kind of” which makes them seem more human.",
"Many sentences start with “And” which hints at a human author. Also, the staccato use of several short sentences one af... | gpt-5.4 |
Since the beginning of the 2023-24 academic year, hundreds of schools nationwide have faced what law enforcement calls "swatting" incidents – false reports of active shooters or imminent threats designed to provoke large-scale emergency responses. "We're seeing a disturbing trend where these hoax threats have increased... | <span>Since the beginning of the 2023-24 academic year, hundreds of schools nationwide<annotation why="an incredibly generic and quite long AI-style opening sentence" type="AI" score="0.76" /></span> have faced what law enforcement calls "swatting" incidents – false reports of active shooters or imminent thre... | <text><span>Since the beginning of the 2023-24 academic year, hundreds of schools nationwide<annotation why="an incredibly generic and quite long AI-style opening sentence" type="AI" score="0.76" /></span> have faced what law enforcement calls "swatting" incidents – false reports of active shooters or imminen... | 1 | AI | 0.88 | This feels mostly AI-generated, with some human edits mixed into the article. There’s a lot of phrases within it that’s compressed and formal in how it’s structured, which makes it more difficult to read. It opens with an incredibly generic and quite long AI-style sentence, uses AI names throughout and even re-uses a f... | 239 | 29 | 239 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article uses AI names throughout, going as far as to re-use a first name for a parent and attorney. It also has an incredibly generic and quite long AI-style opening sentence. Lastly, one of the speakers “concluding:” the article is another clear sign that it’s machine-generated.",
"At first, I thought this ... | gpt-5.4 |
For decades, paleontologists have marveled at certain exceptionally preserved dinosaur fossils, tucked inside rock layers marked by fine sediment that once sparked comparisons to the tragic legacy of Pompeii. Just as the Roman town was famously entombed by volcanic ash following Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in A.D. 79, som... | <span>For decades, paleontologists have marveled at certain exceptionally preserved dinosaur fossils<annotation why="both the introduction and conclusion are very generic, and this opening has that generic setup rather than something specific" type="AI" score="0.83" /></span>, tucked inside rock layers marked by fine s... | <text><span>For decades, paleontologists have marveled at certain exceptionally preserved dinosaur fossils<annotation why="both the introduction and conclusion are very generic, and this opening has that generic setup rather than something specific" type="AI" score="0.83" /></span>, tucked inside rock layers marked by ... | 1 | AI | 0.84 | This is most likely AI-generated. The introduction and conclusion are very generic, there are several lists here, and it goes into a lot of symbolisms while briefly stating the topic. Even when it gives an explanation, it doesn’t really educate or reinforce that information throughout it; the explanations have that com... | 243 | 33 | 243 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The real human version was directly before this one which makes me very sure that this is machine-generated. Some of the names in it look familiar and both the introduction and conclusion are very generic.",
"There are several lists here which is suggestive of AI",
"Filler words like ‘just’ make me think this ... | gpt-5.4 |
A groundbreaking study has unveiled that the first warm-blooded dinosaurs may have roamed the Earth approximately 180 million years ago, reshaping our understanding of these ancient creatures. This discovery, published in the journal Nature, challenges the long-held belief that all dinosaurs were cold-blooded like mode... | <span>A groundbreaking study<annotation why="very generic introduction feel like AI, and the use of ‘groundbreaking’ is one of the words that lead me to believe this is AI-generated because it repeats these words a lot in the same textbook style" type="AI" score="0.89" /></span> has unveiled that the first warm-blooded... | <text><span>A groundbreaking study<annotation why="very generic introduction feel like AI, and the use of ‘groundbreaking’ is one of the words that lead me to believe this is AI-generated because it repeats these words a lot in the same textbook style" type="AI" score="0.89" /></span> has unveiled that the first warm-b... | 1 | AI | 0.87 | This article appears AI-generated, and has some minor human-edits included. The very generic introduction and conclusion feel like AI, especially the explicit use of ‘In conclusion’. Many of the sentences stick to a tightly woven, highly structured textbook style where a statement is made, then a comma and a phrase are... | 151 | 4 | 151 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The very generic introduction and conclusion feel like AI, especially the explicit use of the words “in conclusion”. The way the experts are introduced and always referred to by their full titles rather than something like “he said”, seems like AI. I consider “crucial” to be an AI word as almost all models I’ve se... | gpt-5.4 |
On a crisp autumn morning at Shenandoah National Park, Tonya Wilson sets up her campsite with practiced efficiency. The 45-year-old IT professional from Atlanta is part of a growing movement of Black RV enthusiasts who are reclaiming outdoor spaces and building communities around the shared love of camping and travel. ... | On a crisp autumn morning at Shenandoah National Park, Tonya Wilson sets up her campsite with practiced efficiency. The 45-year-old IT professional from Atlanta is part of a growing movement of Black RV enthusiasts who are reclaiming outdoor spaces and building communities around the shared love of camping and travel. ... | <text>On a crisp autumn morning at Shenandoah National Park, Tonya Wilson sets up her campsite with practiced efficiency. The 45-year-old IT professional from Atlanta is part of a growing movement of Black RV enthusiasts who are reclaiming outdoor spaces and building communities around the shared love of camping and tr... | 1 | AI | 0.95 | I am quite confident this is AI-generated. It started off sounding human and then the article has lots of sentences that follow the exact same pattern, including quotations that are supposed to be by different people. There are many lists, repeated markers like ‘it’s about’ and ‘both’, nominalisations, passive voice, a... | 218 | 8 | 218 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article has lots of sentences that follow the exact same pattern, including quotations that are supposed to be by different people. They all follow the “it isn’t just this... it’s this” format e.g. “This isn’t just a trend; it’s a transformation.”",
"1. There are many lists used such as “tips, experiences, a... | gpt-5.4 |
We asked a veteran mail carrier to explain what those paw-print stickers mean—and how pet owners can help protect postal workers from dog bites If there’s one thing that Tara Snyder, a veteran mail carrier for the U.S. Postal Service, teaches every new mail carrier she trains, it’s this: “Even if a dog is friendly to y... | We asked a veteran mail carrier to explain what those paw-print stickers mean—and how pet owners can help protect postal workers from <span>dog bites If<annotation why="The opening sentence lacks a full stop, and there’s missing punctuation and grammatical errors right from the get-go, which isn’t a mistake you would e... | <text>We asked a veteran mail carrier to explain what those paw-print stickers mean—and how pet owners can help protect postal workers from <span>dog bites If<annotation why="The opening sentence lacks a full stop, and there’s missing punctuation and grammatical errors right from the get-go, which isn’t a mistake you w... | 0 | human | 0.89 | This is human-written because not only is the information presented in an easy-to-read manner, but it also contains tone and writer personality that is unique to this article. The choice of wording is distinctly human, with unusual phrasings and a few awkwardly phrased sentences, plus missing punctuation and grammatica... | 16 | 33 | 16 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The opening sentence lacks a full stop which isn’t a mistake you would expect in machine-generated text. The article takes a fairly aggressive tone towards pet owners who don’t restrain their dogs or notify their mail carriers about them. AI would usually try and be more impartial and less offensive; quotes like “... | gpt-5.4 |
When Richard Karban, an ecology researcher at the University of California, Davis, decided to return to the forest he surveyed in 1977 — this time accompanied by his daughter Claire, a graduate student in ecology at the University of Colorado, Boulder — he expected to see little change. After all, when he first visited... | When Richard Karban, an ecology researcher at the University of California, Davis, decided to return to the forest he surveyed in <span>1977 — this time accompanied by his daughter Claire, a graduate student in ecology at the University of Colorado, Boulder —<annotation why="the spaced en dashes look like publication-s... | <text>When Richard Karban, an ecology researcher at the University of California, Davis, decided to return to the forest he surveyed in <span>1977 — this time accompanied by his daughter Claire, a graduate student in ecology at the University of Colorado, Boulder —<annotation why="the spaced en dashes look like publica... | 0 | human | 0.64 | There are none of the usual words used by AI. They use ‘Karban says’ throughout without any synonyms, the bold text looks more like it’s taken from a real article, there are a couple of mistakes that suggest human error, and the spaced en dashes, filler words, and frequent use of punctuation in long sentences all lean ... | 64 | 34 | 64 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The main reason why I believe this article to be written by a human is that they use “Karban says” throughout without any synonyms. AI would have used more variety like “notes” and “explains”. The bold text also looks more like it’s taken from a real article as AI wouldn’t usually format it like that.",
"There a... | gpt-5.4 |
Parents in California who profit from social media posts featuring their children will be required to set aside some earnings for their minor influencers under a pair of measures signed Thursday by Gov. Gavin Newsom. California led the nation nearly 80 years ago in setting ground rules to protect child performers from ... | Parents in California who profit from social media posts featuring their children will be required to set aside some earnings for their minor influencers under a pair of measures signed Thursday by <span>Gov.<annotation why="I suspect AI would not have used the abbreviation Gov." type="human" score="0.56" /></span> Gav... | <text>Parents in California who profit from social media posts featuring their children will be required to set aside some earnings for their minor influencers under a pair of measures signed Thursday by <span>Gov.<annotation why="I suspect AI would not have used the abbreviation Gov." type="human" score="0.56" /></spa... | 0 | human | 0.86 | This feels human-written because the article is a bit too real and gritty, covering child potty training, first periods, abuse, and exploitation in a way machine-generated content would avoid, especially on the internet. Because of the topic of the article, every aspect of it is written concisely: even though many sent... | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"I would expect AI to shy away from topics like child potty training and first periods, especially in the context of this being shared on the internet. The article also contains references to child abuse and exploitation, more topics which machine-generated content would avoid. The article is overall a bit too real... | gpt-5.4 |
If you believe he desires to be king, reconsider. This is what the young royal envisions for his future profession. In an enchanting disclosure that has fascinated the public, Prince George, the firstborn of Prince William and Kate Middleton, has revealed his dreams for his future career. Although it is commonly believ... | If you believe he desires to be king, reconsider. This is what the young royal envisions for his <span>future profession<annotation why="This kind of rephrasing feels like a human-edit trying to subvert more commonly used terms and language, probably to bypass AI detectors." type="AI" score="0.41" /></span>. In an <spa... | <text>If you believe he desires to be king, reconsider. This is what the young royal envisions for his <span>future profession<annotation why="This kind of rephrasing feels like a human-edit trying to subvert more commonly used terms and language, probably to bypass AI detectors." type="AI" score="0.41" /></span>. In a... | 1 | AI | 0.84 | Although there is a punctuation error that may point to human authorship and a slightly wider vocabulary than is usually seen in AI-generated text, this is AI-generated with a lot of human-edits to try and subvert commonly used terms and language. The article started out quite well but towards the end it devolves into ... | 192 | 43 | 192 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article started out quite well but towards the end, it devolved into generic AI text. Some specific markers were its use of the word “tackle” to refer to dealing with issues, the very hopeful tone for the future, and the very generic conclusion that sums up the article. The quotation was also overly wordy and ... | gpt-5.4 |
A former police officer has become a real-life hero for dog owners in the United Kingdom. Phil James from Woodborough in Nottinghamshire took his hobby of flying drones and turned it into a rescue operation to help reunite lost dogs with their owners. James started Drone to Home in 2020, and now he and the team have su... | A former police officer has become a real-life hero for dog owners in the United Kingdom. Phil James from Woodborough in Nottinghamshire took his hobby of flying drones and turned it into a rescue operation to help reunite lost dogs with their owners. James started Drone to Home in 2020, and now he and the team have su... | <text>A former police officer has become a real-life hero for dog owners in the United Kingdom. Phil James from Woodborough in Nottinghamshire took his hobby of flying drones and turned it into a rescue operation to help reunite lost dogs with their owners. James started Drone to Home in 2020, and now he and the team h... | 0 | human | 0.58 | This was difficult. I don’t see any of the usual offenders: ‘significantly’, ‘maintaining’ or ‘crucial’, and there are no stylistic words that make the text unnecessarily dense. It follows the same kind of structure as AI, which is why I’m not 100% confident, and some wording is odd, off-putting in a way, with parts th... | 78 | 48 | 78 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The reference to the “Found Dog Gallery” at the end seems like it would be taken from a real article and have a link to a gallery. In the context of an AI article, it would make little sense. The other sentence that references “us humans” is also not something that AI usually does.",
"There’s only one sign of AI... | gpt-5.4 |
Globally, invasive species are increasingly problematic, endangering biodiversity, disturbing ecosystems, and leading to considerable economic harm. Conventional approaches to managing these species typically use chemicals or physical removal, which may unintentionally damage the environment. Nonetheless, new methods i... | <span>Globally, invasive species are increasingly problematic<annotation why="The introduction is incredibly generic, opening with a broad global problem statement rather than diving into details" type="AI" score="0.86" /></span>, <span>endangering biodiversity, disturbing ecosystems, and leading to considerable econom... | <text><span>Globally, invasive species are increasingly problematic<annotation why="The introduction is incredibly generic, opening with a broad global problem statement rather than diving into details" type="AI" score="0.86" /></span>, <span>endangering biodiversity, disturbing ecosystems, and leading to considerable ... | 1 | AI | 0.96 | I am extremely confident that this article is AI-generated. It contains AI names, plenty of AI words and phrases like ‘crucial’, ‘utilizing’, ‘solutions,’ and title case headings. The introduction and conclusion are incredibly generic, with the conclusion going as far as to use ‘in summary.’ The structure of the text a... | 205 | 56 | 205 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"I am extremely confident that this article is AI-generated. It contains AI names, especially Sarah Thomson, as well as plenty of AI words and phrases like “crucial”. The introduction and conclusion are incredibly generic, with the conclusion going as far as to use the phrase “in summary”. The last sentence is also... | gpt-5.4 |
Math might be a constant in school, but how it’s taught has changed dramatically in recent years. One primary motivation for those changes—including the 2010 passage of the Common Core math educational standards—is to prepare students for a more unpredictable and complex future. However, for many parents, helping their... | Math might be a constant in school, but how it’s taught has changed dramatically in recent years. One primary motivation for those changes—including the 2010 passage of the Common Core math educational standards—is to prepare students for a more unpredictable and complex future. However, for many parents, helping their... | <text>Math might be a constant in school, but how it’s taught has changed dramatically in recent years. One primary motivation for those changes—including the 2010 passage of the Common Core math educational standards—is to prepare students for a more unpredictable and complex future. However, for many parents, helping... | 0 | human | 0.66 | This feels human-written mainly because the quotations sound quite natural, especially the ones by Jyung. The square-bracket clarification and the unnecessary conversational fillers are how real people talk, whereas AI quotes tend to be overly verbose and contain zero mistakes. The speech tags are usually ‘says’, with ... | 37 | 8 | 37 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The main reason I believe this article is human-generated is because of the quotations. They sound quite natural, especially the ones I highlighted by Jyung. The use of a word in square brackets to clarify meaning is something I haven’t seen in machine-generated text. In addition to this, one quotation uses the wo... | gpt-5.4 |
One of the sadly neglected problems in modern science is the question of how best to keep beer cool once it has been poured into a glass. Now one scientist has come up with a novel solution by developing a mathematical model that determines the optimal shape of a beer glass that keeps beer cool. The problem is well kno... | <span>One of the sadly neglected problems in modern science<annotation why="The first sentence sounds too odd to be AI, and calling keeping beer cool a “sadly neglected problem in modern science” is pretty funny; the introduction is humorous and unique, where generated copy often smooths openings toward safer, more sta... | <text><span>One of the sadly neglected problems in modern science<annotation why="The first sentence sounds too odd to be AI, and calling keeping beer cool a “sadly neglected problem in modern science” is pretty funny; the introduction is humorous and unique, where generated copy often smooths openings toward safer, mo... | 0 | human | 0.79 | It’s human-generated. There are few clues in this text, and there are a few possible AI hints: the use of lists, the word key, and some common AI words. But the introduction and the conclusion are humorous and unique, the first sentence is too odd to be AI, and the missing punctuation, the sentences that begin with con... | 124 | 4 | 124 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"Both the introduction and the conclusion were humorous and unique. This makes me lean strongly towards human-generated, especially with the absence of other noticeable AI markers.",
"There are few clues in this text.\nHowever the use of lists 3x and the word “key” might point to AI.",
"It’s human-generated. Th... | gpt-5.4 |
In a groundbreaking fusion of biology and technology, scientists have successfully created "cyborg worms" by integrating artificial intelligence with the nervous systems of tiny worms. This innovative research, recently published in the Artificial Intelligence section of Scientific American, demonstrates how AI can be ... | In a <span>groundbreaking fusion of biology and technology<annotation why="The introduction is very generic, which points towards AI, and it heavily relies on trying to emotionally uplift with active voice adjectives and verbs" type="AI" score="0.88" /></span>, scientists have successfully created "cyborg worms&qu... | <text>In a <span>groundbreaking fusion of biology and technology<annotation why="The introduction is very generic, which points towards AI, and it heavily relies on trying to emotionally uplift with active voice adjectives and verbs" type="AI" score="0.88" /></span>, scientists have successfully created "cyborg wo... | 1 | AI | 0.84 | I am quite confident that this is AI-generated. The introduction and conclusion are both very generic, and the concluding paragraph turns flowery, with hackneyed expressions and emotionally uplifting language. The doctors’ quotes contain AI words, and the piece uses lengthy quotes that could have been paraphrased; it p... | 169 | 40 | 169 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The conclusion and introduction are both very generic, which points towards AI. The doctors’ quotes contain AI words like “crucial” and “enhance” and one of them is even named Emily. The article also seems overly hopeful about the implications and has common AI phrases like “not only x but also y” and “highlights ... | gpt-5.4 |
After a long, mild fall, New Englanders are not the only ones shocked by the sudden arrival of winter temperatures. Hundreds of sea turtles are now washing up on Massachusetts beaches, cold-stunned and suffering from life-threatening conditions including hypothermia, pneumonia, dehydration, sepsis or traumatic injuries... | After a long, mild fall, New Englanders are <span>not the only ones shocked by the sudden arrival of winter temperatures<annotation why="This is an immediate hook; anyone familiar with New England and where it is would wonder why they’re shocked by the winter, since they’re so far up north and snow is common there. Tha... | <text>After a long, mild fall, New Englanders are <span>not the only ones shocked by the sudden arrival of winter temperatures<annotation why="This is an immediate hook; anyone familiar with New England and where it is would wonder why they’re shocked by the winter, since they’re so far up north and snow is common ther... | 0 | human | 0.82 | This seems human-generated. The opening is an immediate hook and then gives the needed context, which takes planning and some good writing skill to do; AI isn’t good with subtly and doesn’t know how to talk to its audience unless prompted to do so. The article works well at giving information and context when needed, a... | 142 | 22 | 142 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"This article seems human-generated because the way the speakers talk to various real publications. The article also doesn’t have any experts referred to by “Dr.” which would be strange for a machine-generated article on a scientific topic.",
"This could be either so it’s difficult to decide. however, based on th... | gpt-5.4 |
In the pursuit of improved health, the solution could be as straightforward as incorporating more colorful foods into your meals. The bright colors of fruits and vegetables are not only attractive to the eye; they also signal the presence of phytochemicals, natural substances that can greatly boost your health. These c... | <span>In the pursuit of improved health<annotation why="nominalisations all over the place; this is part of the predictable dry writing style" type="AI" score="0.74" /></span>, <span>the solution could be as straightforward as incorporating more colorful foods into your meals.<annotation why="the introduction conveyed ... | <text><span>In the pursuit of improved health<annotation why="nominalisations all over the place; this is part of the predictable dry writing style" type="AI" score="0.74" /></span>, <span>the solution could be as straightforward as incorporating more colorful foods into your meals.<annotation why="the introduction con... | 1 | AI | 0.92 | This is AI-generated. It contains a lot of similarly used language and vocabulary, with ‘enhance’ used throughout and over-used AI words like ‘crucial’, ‘vital role’, ‘potent’, ‘incorporating’, ‘efficient’, ‘substantial’, and ‘both’. An overwhelming number of the sentences are the same style, and there are nominalisati... | 203 | 54 | 203 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article has a number of AI words, especially “enhance” which is used throughout and “vibrant” which doesn’t quite fit with where it’s been put. The quotation concludes the point of the article a bit too conveniently and the conclusion itself is very generic and even uses the phrase “To sum up”. Likewise, the i... | gpt-5.4 |
If all 62 million metric tons of electronic waste produced in a year were loaded into garbage trucks, they’d encircle the planet bumper to bumper, according to a recent United Nations report. And hidden in that monstrous traffic jam would be startling amounts of precious metals, including gold—crucial in electronics be... | If all 62 million metric tons of electronic waste produced in a year were loaded into garbage trucks, <span>they’d encircle the planet bumper to bumper<annotation why="this introduction isn’t very generic" type="human" score="0.59" /></span>, <span>according to a recent United Nations report<annotation why="it makes su... | <text>If all 62 million metric tons of electronic waste produced in a year were loaded into garbage trucks, <span>they’d encircle the planet bumper to bumper<annotation why="this introduction isn’t very generic" type="human" score="0.59" /></span>, <span>according to a recent United Nations report<annotation why="it ma... | 0 | human | 0.77 | I am pretty confident this is human-written. The sentences are long, dense, but contain a lot of information, and sentences with high syntactic complexity are skilfully structured and therefore easy to follow. The writer effectively paraphrases what seems like one of those eye-watering research articles that only scien... | 109 | 19 | 109 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article contains a few sentences like “ It’s the difference between a mustard glob on your chin and the hot dog you just ate” which seem too unique to be machine-generated. It also has an introduction and conclusion that isn’t very generic.",
"This one is extremely difficult. There are signs of AI but few...... | gpt-5.4 |
In the shadowy depths of the ocean, where sunlight barely penetrates, a new species of ghost shark has been discovered, adding a mysterious chapter to the story of marine biodiversity. Known as the Australasian narrow-nosed spookfish, this cryptic creature inhabits the deep waters off the coasts of New Zealand and Aust... | <span>In the shadowy depths of the ocean, where sunlight barely penetrates<annotation why="The opening sentence is overly detailed while setting the scene, which immediately points towards AI." type="AI" score="0.81" /></span>, a new species of ghost shark has been discovered, adding a mysterious chapter to the story o... | <text><span>In the shadowy depths of the ocean, where sunlight barely penetrates<annotation why="The opening sentence is overly detailed while setting the scene, which immediately points towards AI." type="AI" score="0.81" /></span>, a new species of ghost shark has been discovered, adding a mysterious chapter to the s... | 1 | AI | 0.91 | I am quite confident this is AI-generated. The opening sentence is overly detailed while setting the scene, the structure is textbook, and the concluding sentences sum up the text the same way AI does it. Based on the number of generic AI words and phrases, including a repeated favourite, and the fact that everyone quo... | 173 | 48 | 173 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The opening sentence is overly detailed while setting the scene, which immediately points towards AI. Keeping with the same format, the conclusion is very generic and hopeful, claiming that the fish is “a symbol of the ocean’s enduring mystery”. Everyone quoted is a doctor from a university, and there are also a f... | gpt-5.4 |
In the years before the United States fully established its own mint, colonial America relied on paper currency printed by a handful of skilled artisans. Among them was Benjamin Franklin, a man better known for his scientific discoveries, political influence, and witty aphorisms. Yet Franklin also played a pivotal role... | In the years before the United States fully established its own mint, colonial America relied on paper currency printed by a handful of skilled artisans. Among them was Benjamin Franklin, a man better known for his <span>scientific discoveries, political influence, and witty aphorisms<annotation why="3-item list; there... | <text>In the years before the United States fully established its own mint, colonial America relied on paper currency printed by a handful of skilled artisans. Among them was Benjamin Franklin, a man better known for his <span>scientific discoveries, political influence, and witty aphorisms<annotation why="3-item list;... | 1 | AI | 0.84 | I am pretty confident this is AI-generated. The article uses lots of very common AI phrases and cycles through synonyms for “said.” There is extensive use of 3-item lists, plus stock items like “crucial factor,” “foster,” and the “not only...but also” construction—multiple instances of lexical items and syntactical str... | 267 | 57 | 267 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article uses lots of very common AI phrases like “safeguarding” and “played a pivotal role”. It also cycles through synonyms for “said”.",
"# There is extensive use of lists such as “pigments, minerals, and fibers.”\n# The phrase “crucial factor” is commonly used by AI\n#The word “foster” is overused by AI\... | gpt-5.4 |
In neighborhoods across the country, you might have noticed a curious addition to some mailboxes: a small paw-print sticker. While it might seem like a cute decoration, this sticker carries a significant message for mail carriers and pet owners alike. To uncover the meaning behind these paw-print stickers, we spoke wit... | In neighborhoods across the country, you might have noticed a curious addition to some mailboxes: a small paw-print sticker. While it might seem like a cute decoration, this sticker carries a <span>significant message<annotation why="larger adjectives like this push a flowery, sentimental value to the content" type="AI... | <text>In neighborhoods across the country, you might have noticed a curious addition to some mailboxes: a small paw-print sticker. While it might seem like a cute decoration, this sticker carries a <span>significant message<annotation why="larger adjectives like this push a flowery, sentimental value to the content" ty... | 1 | AI | 0.96 | This is very likely AI-generated. The main one is the presence of yet another Dr. Emily Carter. It is much safer in how it tells the story, avoiding detailed mention of violence or aggression by dogs, and it tries to be too impartial and positive. It also contains several words favored by AI and the polite consider phr... | 166 | 34 | 166 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"There are a few things that make this text seem AI-generated but the main one is the presence of yet another Dr. Emily Carter. It’s also much “safer” than the previous version of the same story. It avoids any detailed mention of violence/aggression by dogs and refers to preventing bites as a “collaborative effort”... | gpt-5.4 |
Last Thanksgiving, Dennis Friedrichsen, a 43-year-old tech worker from Minnesota, found himself dining on the banks of the Nile, sharing a feast of kebabs and chickpea stew with 11 strangers from three continents. Then he spent Christmas in Tanzania. Like a growing number of travelers, Mr. Friedrichsen saw the holidays... | Last Thanksgiving, Dennis Friedrichsen, a 43-year-old tech worker from Minnesota, found himself dining on the banks of the Nile, sharing a feast of kebabs and chickpea stew with 11 strangers from three continents. Then he spent Christmas in Tanzania. Like a growing number of travelers, Mr. Friedrichsen saw the holidays... | <text>Last Thanksgiving, Dennis Friedrichsen, a 43-year-old tech worker from Minnesota, found himself dining on the banks of the Nile, sharing a feast of kebabs and chickpea stew with 11 strangers from three continents. Then he spent Christmas in Tanzania. Like a growing number of travelers, Mr. Friedrichsen saw the ho... | 0 | human | 0.77 | This feels human-written. While there are some word uses that are usually found in AI, the majority of the article’s tone was able to maintain control over how words were used. The article uses “X said” throughout in a very repetitive manner, where AI would almost always use at least a few synonyms for this many instan... | 74 | 44 | 74 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article uses “X said” throughout in a very repetitive manner. AI would almost always use at least a few synonyms for this many instances. The Instagram accounts also felt a bit too random to be made up, I would expect ones AI made to be a bit more generic.",
"The only real clue here is the extensive use of ... | gpt-5.4 |
In a recent development, Louisiana has agreed to delay the implementation of a controversial law requiring the display of the Ten Commandments in all public school classrooms. This decision comes as a result of an ongoing lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the mandate. The delay will extend at least until Nov... | <span>In a recent development<annotation why="the nominalisation in the first sentence contains all the usual suspects and follows the same textbook style" type="AI" score="0.88" /></span>, Louisiana has agreed to delay the implementation of a controversial law requiring the display of the Ten Commandments in all publi... | <text><span>In a recent development<annotation why="the nominalisation in the first sentence contains all the usual suspects and follows the same textbook style" type="AI" score="0.88" /></span>, Louisiana has agreed to delay the implementation of a controversial law requiring the display of the Ten Commandments in all... | 1 | AI | 0.91 | This seems AI-generated because this is a naturally controversial topic, and the author seems incredibly dedicated to ensuring that they don’t take a side. Both sides are presented as perfectly equally valid, and the quotes are very polished, with no ‘buts’, ‘uhms’ or mistakes, which seems very unlikely for a contentio... | 150 | 2 | 150 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This is a naturally controversial topic, and the author seems incredibly dedicated to ensuring that they don’t take a side. Both sides are presented as perfectly equally valid, which points to AI trying to be impartial about a sensitive topic. The quotes themselves are also very polished, with no “buts”, “uhms” or... | gpt-5.4 |
Before 19-year-old Davontez Johnson found himself in a preschool classroom at Dorothy I. Heights Elementary, he was a senior at a nearby high school who, like many students his age, was unsure of what he wanted to do with his life. Not in his wildest dreams could he have imagined himself standing on a colorful carpet, ... | <span>Before 19-year-old Davontez Johnson found himself in a preschool classroom at Dorothy I. Heights Elementary<annotation why="The story starts with a unique sentence instead of formulaic framing; AI would have wrapped it up with a much more generic conclusion" type="human" score="0.66" /></span>, he was a senior at... | <text><span>Before 19-year-old Davontez Johnson found himself in a preschool classroom at Dorothy I. Heights Elementary<annotation why="The story starts with a unique sentence instead of formulaic framing; AI would have wrapped it up with a much more generic conclusion" type="human" score="0.66" /></span>, he was a sen... | 0 | human | 0.91 | Everything about this article feels human-written, and written quite well in my opinion. The writing throughout varies, adapts, and changes as information about the topic is presented; there is varied paragraph structure, several very long, complicated sentences, and some are started with conjunctions such as ‘and’ or ... | 57 | 28 | 57 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The story starts and ends with unique sentences; AI would have wrapped it up with a much more generic conclusion. The way it discusses race also feels quite direct (where AI would try harder not to offend/to be neutral), and the quotes are well-worded but not in the AI style. This is especially true for “syl-a-ble... | gpt-5.4 |
For centuries, people have trusted the humble coin toss to settle heated debates, choose who goes first, or determine a winner. It’s easy to assume that flipping a coin is the most straightforward, unbiased method out there. After all, heads or tails seems like a 50/50 proposition. But recent research suggests that thi... | For centuries, people have trusted the humble coin toss to <span>settle heated debates, choose who goes first, or determine a winner<annotation why="There are a couple of lists used; there’s a listing of ideas connecting to the core one." type="AI" score="0.64" /></span>. <span>It’s<annotation why="Contractions." type=... | <text>For centuries, people have trusted the humble coin toss to <span>settle heated debates, choose who goes first, or determine a winner<annotation why="There are a couple of lists used; there’s a listing of ideas connecting to the core one." type="AI" score="0.64" /></span>. <span>It’s<annotation why="Contractions."... | 1 | AI | 0.78 | I am confident this is AI-generated. The conclusion summarises the article in the way a machine-generated article would. There are a few common AI phrases, and the words “crucial” and “key” are often used by AI. There are a couple of lists used, and it has the pattern that goes along the lines of “because of this topic... | 258 | 48 | 258 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The conclusion summarises the article in the way a machine-generated article would. There are also a few common AI phrases like “key insights” and “patterns start to emerge”.",
"There are a couple of lists used.\nThe words “crucial” and “key” are often used by AI.",
"Here’s why I think it’s human-generated: fi... | gpt-5.4 |
When invasive species start obliterating a habitat, humans in the area often seek to eradicate the invader. People set up nets, lay traps, and aim firearms at the offenders. Sometimes, these efforts aren’t enough, particularly if the invasion is widespread. More creative means are needed, and in recent years, ecologist... | When invasive species start obliterating a habitat, humans in the area often seek to eradicate the invader. <span>People set up nets, lay traps, and aim firearms at the offenders.<annotation why="This is a lot of visual imagery related to the topic, and a creative colloquial phrase that is relevant to the context of th... | <text>When invasive species start obliterating a habitat, humans in the area often seek to eradicate the invader. <span>People set up nets, lay traps, and aim firearms at the offenders.<annotation why="This is a lot of visual imagery related to the topic, and a creative colloquial phrase that is relevant to the context... | 0 | human | 0.85 | This looks human-written because the article is much too well-researched seeming and factual, with numerous statistics and dates that AI is often trained to avoid because it tends to get them wrong. The quotations are short and natural-sounding, the only speech tag is ‘says,’ and there’s some missing punctuation. It us... | 55 | 26 | 55 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article is much too well-researched seeming and factual to be written by AI. It contains numerous statistics and dates, where AI is often trained to avoid these more as it tends to get them wrong. The quotations are also quite short and natural-sounding. Overall the article is too detailed and well-written to ... | gpt-5.4 |
The head of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus, a prized bronze fragment held for decades at Copenhagen’s Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, is on its way back to Turkey. In a move that reflects growing scrutiny over the origins of ancient artifacts in European collections, the Danish museum agreed to return the sculpture’s head... | The head of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus, a prized bronze fragment held for decades at Copenhagen’s Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, is on its way back to Turkey. In a move that reflects growing <span>scrutiny<annotation why="The richer, more complex vocabulary indicates human authorship; this isn’t usual in AI-generated... | <text>The head of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus, a prized bronze fragment held for decades at Copenhagen’s Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, is on its way back to Turkey. In a move that reflects growing <span>scrutiny<annotation why="The richer, more complex vocabulary indicates human authorship; this isn’t usual in AI-gen... | 1 | AI | 0.74 | This looks AI-generated overall. There are quite a few AI clues: common AI words, it’s super wordy, there’s so much high-vocab that I don’t get the gist of the article, the quotes feel unrealistic because of this language, it uses vague language, mentions lawsuits without really explaining why, relies on complex struct... | 285 | 45 | 285 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article had quite a few AI clues and nothing to make it think that it might be human. For example, it has common AI words such as “underscores” and “profound”.",
"The richer, more complex vocabulary indicates human authorship. Words such as “scrutiny,” “provenance,” and “clandestinely” aren’t usual in AI-ge... | gpt-5.4 |
If you looked closely at the baseballs used in the World Series last month, you would notice that they were covered in a mysterious brown substance. It was not a mistake, and nothing illegal was found on the balls. It was just mud. For decades, all the balls used in Major League Baseball have been coated with mud harve... | If you looked closely at the baseballs used in the World Series last month, <span>you would notice<annotation why="uses ‘you’ language; this should be ‘would have noticed,’ which looks like a human error" type="human" score="0.77" /></span> that they were covered in a mysterious brown substance. It was not a mistake, a... | <text>If you looked closely at the baseballs used in the World Series last month, <span>you would notice<annotation why="uses ‘you’ language; this should be ‘would have noticed,’ which looks like a human error" type="human" score="0.77" /></span> that they were covered in a mysterious brown substance. It was not a mist... | 0 | human | 0.84 | This is human-written. There’s a good format in this article that varies depending on the information, with varied paragraph length. It stays tentative about direct statements and references opinions to their references, and the sentences aren’t flowery and are packed with answers about what the reader needs to know, e... | 102 | 12 | 102 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"There is a postdoctoral researcher in the study who they don’t refer to as “Dr”. The article also uses said throughout, which leads to me believing that it was human-generated.",
"The phrase “you would notice” should be “would have noticed.” I assume this is a human error.\nAlso, the Oxford comma is missing in s... | gpt-5.4 |
A NASA spacecraft rocketed away Monday on a quest to explore Jupiter’s tantalizing moon Europa and reveal whether its vast hidden ocean might hold the keys to life. It will take Europa Clipper 5 1/2 years to reach Jupiter, where it will slip into orbit around the giant gas planet and sneak close to Europa during dozens... | A NASA spacecraft <span>rocketed away<annotation why="one of several unusual phrases here, and it uses energetic verbs" type="human" score="0.79" /></span> Monday on a quest to explore Jupiter’s tantalizing moon Europa and reveal whether its vast hidden ocean might hold the keys to life. It will take Europa Clipper <sp... | <text>A NASA spacecraft <span>rocketed away<annotation why="one of several unusual phrases here, and it uses energetic verbs" type="human" score="0.79" /></span> Monday on a quest to explore Jupiter’s tantalizing moon Europa and reveal whether its vast hidden ocean might hold the keys to life. It will take Europa Clipp... | 0 | human | 0.88 | I am very confident that this is human-written. It informs the reader of exactly what they need to know about the topic, uses visual descriptors and comparisons to help provide context, and outlines a narrative. There is a variety of sentence lengths, more short and simple sentences than AI generally uses, short senten... | 58 | 29 | 58 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"I can’t recall AI text presenting measurements the way they are in this article. It also has more short and simple sentences than AI generally uses especially in the quotations, such as “What a great day.” The way the spaceship is described as “slipping into orbit” and “sneaking close to Europa” is quite a unique ... | gpt-5.4 |
An upcoming Sotheby’s auction is making headlines, and not just because of the artwork or the subject it portrays. The featured piece—an abstract portrait of Alan Turing—is made by a robot named Ai-Da. Using a combination of artificial intelligence algorithms, cameras, and robotic arms, Ai-Da has produced what’s believ... | An upcoming Sotheby’s auction is <span>making headlines, and <span>not just<annotation why="The words “not just” are often used by AI" type="AI" score="0.78" /></span> because of the artwork or the subject it portrays<annotation why="The opening paragraph has the same rhythm to it as many of the opening paragraphs of A... | <text>An upcoming Sotheby’s auction is <span>making headlines, and <span>not just<annotation why="The words “not just” are often used by AI" type="AI" score="0.78" /></span> because of the artwork or the subject it portrays<annotation why="The opening paragraph has the same rhythm to it as many of the opening paragraph... | 1 | AI | 0.94 | Very confident this is AI-generated. The opening paragraph has the same rhythm to it as many of the opening paragraphs of AI. Several lists are used, and the words “not just” and “more than just” are often used by AI. The article has a historian for a somewhat niche subject with a common AI name, contains various AI ph... | 263 | 53 | 263 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article has a historian for a somewhat niche subject with a common AI name. It also contains various AI phrases and lacks anything to make me believe that it could be human.",
"# Several lists are used, suggesting AI writing. for instance, “shapes, contours, and colors.”\n# The words “not just” and “more tha... | gpt-5.4 |
If you’ve ever worn an N95 mask, you might have wondered what its name really means. This type of mask first gained wide recognition among the general public during times of health crises, but it’s long been a standard piece of protective equipment in hospitals, construction sites, and laboratories. The good news is: t... | If <span>you’ve<annotation why="Contractions and ‘you’ language usually suggest it’s been human-generated, and there’s a ‘you’ve’ in the first paragraph." type="human" score="0.45" /></span> ever worn an N95 mask, <span>you might have wondered what its name really means<annotation why="The facile introduction; this kin... | <text>If <span>you’ve<annotation why="Contractions and ‘you’ language usually suggest it’s been human-generated, and there’s a ‘you’ve’ in the first paragraph." type="human" score="0.45" /></span> ever worn an N95 mask, <span>you might have wondered what its name really means<annotation why="The facile introduction; th... | 1 | AI | 0.74 | I feel confident this is AI-generated. The AI markers like using “explains” and “emphasizes” for speakers felt stronger than the markers for it being human-generated. There is a good use of those simplistic terms that help maintain a more conversational tone, but the information being told repeats itself, especially wh... | 256 | 46 | 256 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article had quite a few points that made me think it could be either. Ultimately the AI markers like using “explains” and “emphasizes” for speakers felt stronger than the markers for it being human-generated.",
"The 2 lists may suggest AI generation. e.g. “dust, smoke, or certain pathogens.”\nThe word “cruc... | gpt-5.4 |
Researchers have trained African giant pouched rats to sniff out tuberculosis and explosives in the past. And they have now expanded the rodents’ scent repertoire to detect illegally trafficked animal parts — including pangolin scales, elephant ivory, and rhino horn, according to a report in Frontiers in Conservation S... | Researchers have trained African giant pouched rats to sniff out tuberculosis and explosives in the past<span>. And<annotation why="full stops followed by conjunctions" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> they have now expanded the rodents’ scent repertoire to detect illegally trafficked animal parts<span> — including ... | <text>Researchers have trained African giant pouched rats to sniff out tuberculosis and explosives in the past<span>. And<annotation why="full stops followed by conjunctions" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> they have now expanded the rodents’ scent repertoire to detect illegally trafficked animal parts<span> — incl... | 0 | human | 0.88 | I am very confident this is human-written. The language is straightforward, the article uses one speaker throughout, which is quite realistic as it’s easy to do, and some random choices like the long list of rats’ names feel much more like a human writer. It has conversational language, spaced en dashes, full stops fol... | 126 | 6 | 126 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article uses one speaker throughout, which is quite realistic as it’s easy to do. Some of the parts, like the inclusion of so many rats’ names, seems quite random and much more like something I would expect from a human writer.",
"The error in using “devises” instead of “devices” seems like a human mistake."... | gpt-5.4 |
The retired N.F.L. quarterback Brett Favre told a congressional committee on Tuesday that he had been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, a progressive, incurable condition that causes tremors and stiffness, often resulting in impaired movement and speech. The Republican-led committee was hearing testimony related to a... | The retired N.F.L. quarterback Brett Favre told a congressional committee on Tuesday that he had been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, a progressive, incurable condition that causes tremors and stiffness, often resulting in impaired movement and speech. The Republican-led committee was hearing testimony related to a... | <text>The retired N.F.L. quarterback Brett Favre told a congressional committee on Tuesday that he had been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, a progressive, incurable condition that causes tremors and stiffness, often resulting in impaired movement and speech. The Republican-led committee was hearing testimony relate... | 0 | human | 0.64 | This seems human-generated, but it still has a somewhat AI feel, like a human fixed an AI article or used ChatGPT to help with the writing. The base of the article feels human-written: there are none of the usual AI-repeated words or phrases; the sentences are of varied style and length; and the repeated plain speech t... | 13 | 27 | 13 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The way the article quotes various doctors from universities would normally make me lean towards AI, if not for it being about a medical condition. It seems human-generated, but it still has a somewhat AI style. The part about money for needy families going to the wealthy is a bit dark for AI, it also uses “like” ... | gpt-5.4 |
Many penguin species huddle together in massive colonies, but pairs of yellow-eyed penguins go out of their way to be alone, nesting deep in New Zealand’s scrublands and forests out of sight of other penguins. When pairs reunite at the nest after one has been away fishing, they greet each other with a piercing cry that... | Many penguin species huddle together in <span>massive<annotation why="The word ‘massive’ made me think this was human-generated; it is a punchier choice than the more neutral wording models often default to" type="human" score="0.63" /></span> colonies, but pairs of yellow-eyed penguins go out of their way to be alone,... | <text>Many penguin species huddle together in <span>massive<annotation why="The word ‘massive’ made me think this was human-generated; it is a punchier choice than the more neutral wording models often default to" type="human" score="0.63" /></span> colonies, but pairs of yellow-eyed penguins go out of their way to be ... | 0 | human | 0.87 | This feels human-written. There are none of the usual signs of AI writing here and no typical AI-generated syntax or word choices. There is a richer use of vocabulary and loads of phrases and word choices that make the article unique, implying the writer’s voice behind the topic. Facts are clearly stated, quotes feel r... | 115 | 25 | 115 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article uses “says” throughout. The quotations are also very natural and it uses a couple more casual human phrases like “infect virtually every chick”.",
"There are none of the usual signs of AI writing here.\nThere is a richer use of vocabulary, suggesting a human author. Specifically, “these herculean eff... | gpt-5.4 |
To creatively connect sports and art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) has introduced an exhibition called "Get in the Game." This distinctive exhibition seeks to engage sports fans with art by examining the significant influence of sports on American culture. The exhibition showcases a variety of design... | To creatively connect sports and art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) has introduced an exhibition called "Get in the Game." This distinctive exhibition seeks to engage sports fans with art by examining the <span>significant<annotation why="The textbook introduction includes words like this; i... | <text>To creatively connect sports and art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) has introduced an exhibition called "Get in the Game." This distinctive exhibition seeks to engage sports fans with art by examining the <span>significant<annotation why="The textbook introduction includes words like t... | 1 | AI | 0.95 | I am confident this is AI-generated. The overuse of the metaphor and the overabundance of LLM marker words point to AI generation. The piece has a textbook introduction, repetitive sentence structure, and nothing off about the grammar or syntax; it is clear and well-constructed, but also dull, flat and emotionless, and... | 195 | 46 | 195 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"I would put this article as AI-generated based sheerly off of the number of times it uses the phrase “delves into”. It also contains numerous other words and phrases that are popular with AI like “vibrant”. In addition to this, the quotations have the same word usage and tone as the rest of the article.",
"The o... | gpt-5.4 |
More than three decades ago, amphibian researchers from around the globe converged on Canterbury, England, for the first World Congress of Herpetology — and, over drinks, shared the same frightening tale. Frogs were disappearing in the wild, and no one could explain why. It was “a scary time,” recalls Australian veteri... | More than three decades ago, amphibian researchers from around the globe converged on Canterbury, England, for the first World Congress of Herpetology<span> — and, over drinks, shared the same frightening tale<annotation why="this contains vivid detail and descriptive imagery that packs a punch to the concern readers s... | <text>More than three decades ago, amphibian researchers from around the globe converged on Canterbury, England, for the first World Congress of Herpetology<span> — and, over drinks, shared the same frightening tale<annotation why="this contains vivid detail and descriptive imagery that packs a punch to the concern rea... | 0 | human | 0.91 | I am quite confident this is human-written. It has varied sentence and paragraph structure and lengths, including sentences that begin with And, plus vivid detail and descriptive imagery that pack a punch. There is a rich use of vocabulary here that I haven’t seen AI use, and I see no evidence of AI writing such as the... | 63 | 33 | 63 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"I went with human-generated primarily because of some of the unique phrases used like “hung out in these ‘frog saunas’”, “like slimy glimmers of hope”, and “the stealthy menace”. It was also quite specific about the way the disease works and the results of their work, which points more towards human-generated text... | gpt-5.4 |
In a poignant moment of reconciliation and remembrance, a good-luck flag belonging to a Japanese soldier who perished during World War II has been returned to his family after nearly eight decades. This flag, known as a "yosegaki hinomaru," was a cherished keepsake that had hung on an American veteran’s wall for many y... | In a <span>poignant moment of reconciliation and remembrance<annotation why="platitude; phony-baloney drivel, and part of a generic intro that reads like an overly hopeful and happy parody. It tries to create meaning through patterned adjectives instead of showing impact" type="AI" score="0.92" /></span>, a good-luck f... | <text>In a <span>poignant moment of reconciliation and remembrance<annotation why="platitude; phony-baloney drivel, and part of a generic intro that reads like an overly hopeful and happy parody. It tries to create meaning through patterned adjectives instead of showing impact" type="AI" score="0.92" /></span>, a good-... | 1 | AI | 0.95 | This article is highly AI-generated, barely even touched with human edits. The intro and conclusion are very generic, and the ending is an overly hopeful and happy parody with an inspirational conclusion. It contains a lot of summarizing statements often found when you don’t prompt the AI to write in a specific format,... | 175 | 52 | 175 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"Part of the reason why I feel so confident this is AI-generated is because of the previous version of the same story which felt much darker and more real. In contrast, this feels like an overly hopeful and happy parody, especially the inspirational conclusion. Other flags include very generic AI phrases, the intro... | gpt-5.4 |
People who were restricted to limited amounts of sugar in the first few years of life were less likely to develop diabetes and high blood pressure decades later, a new study has found. The study, published Thursday in the journal Science, took advantage of a unique situation in the United Kingdom. The country was under... | People who were restricted to limited amounts of sugar in the first few years of life were less likely to develop diabetes and high blood pressure decades later, <span>a new study has found<annotation why="The opening paragraph follows the same formulaic structure as AI, and the bland nature of the writing points that ... | <text>People who were restricted to limited amounts of sugar in the first few years of life were less likely to develop diabetes and high blood pressure decades later, <span>a new study has found<annotation why="The opening paragraph follows the same formulaic structure as AI, and the bland nature of the writing points... | 0 | human | 0.65 | This appears mostly human-written. The study has a number of unique names, the author gives the reader the required details to track down the relevant article, and the methodology used and findings are very well explained. There’s a good use of casual, conversational tone and word choice, and the quotes themselves feel... | 75 | 45 | 75 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The study has a number of unique names, which leads me to think that it’s human-generated. The methodology used and findings are also very well explained. Lastly, it lacks a true conclusion, which is not something you see often in machine-generated articles.",
"I don’t see signs here of either human or AI genera... | gpt-5.4 |
Across the final years of his life, David Mayer, a theater professor living in Manchester, England, faced the cascading consequences an unfortunate coincidence: A dead Chechen rebel on a terror watch list had once used Mr. Mayer’s name as an alias. The real Mr. Mayer had travel plans thwarted, financial transactions fr... | Across the final years of his life, David Mayer, <span>a theater professor living in Manchester, England,<annotation why="It frames the lead-in about the topic well by providing needed information about who Mayer is" type="human" score="0.72" /></span> faced the cascading <span>consequences an unfortunate coincidence<a... | <text>Across the final years of his life, David Mayer, <span>a theater professor living in Manchester, England,<annotation why="It frames the lead-in about the topic well by providing needed information about who Mayer is" type="human" score="0.72" /></span> faced the cascading <span>consequences an unfortunate coincid... | 0 | human | 0.87 | I am very confident this is human-written. While there are no direct signs of AI here, there are several specifically human touches: casual colloquialisms and references, a human-sounding word choice, a missing article in the first sentence, a later grammatical error, filler words, ‘you’ language, an exclamation mark i... | 132 | 12 | 132 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article contained a few phrases that seemed quite casual and human, such as referring to something as someone’s “kryptonite” and the Forrest Gump reference.",
"While there are no direct signs of AI here, it is also difficult to pinpoint much that’s specifically human. “Prickliest” seems to be a human-soundin... | gpt-5.4 |
Grizzly Bear 399, one of the most watched and photographed animals in the Yellowstone region, was struck and killed by a vehicle last week along a highway just south of Grand Teton National Park. She was 28, an age that few wild grizzlies reach, and had raised 18 cubs over her lifetime, earning the affectionate moniker... | <span>Grizzly Bear 399<annotation why="the article’s tone is flowery and overt enough that information that should be clarified—why is this bear named this?—isn’t answered" type="AI" score="0.44" /></span>, one of the most watched and photographed animals in the Yellowstone region, was struck and killed by a vehicle la... | <text><span>Grizzly Bear 399<annotation why="the article’s tone is flowery and overt enough that information that should be clarified—why is this bear named this?—isn’t answered" type="AI" score="0.44" /></span>, one of the most watched and photographed animals in the Yellowstone region, was struck and killed by a vehi... | 1 | AI | 0.74 | I am confident this article is AI-generated. It contains a few AI words and phrases like “resonate” and “noted”, uses references to weaving and navigation, and leans on a couple of lists as well as the “not just...but” construction. It places a lot of its impression and interpretations on the topic, the writing languag... | 284 | 44 | 284 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article contains a few AI words and phrases like “resonate” and “noted”. It also has references to weaving and navigation, which are common in machine-generated text.",
"The couple of lists (highlighted) and the use of the words “not just...but” and “navigate” may point to AI generation.",
"Here’s why I th... | gpt-5.4 |
When Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico in September 2017, it left a trail of destruction that affected not only humans but also the island's wildlife. Among the survivors were the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago, a small island off Puerto Rico's eastern coast. These monkeys, known for their complex social structu... | When Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico in September 2017, it left <span>a trail of destruction<annotation why="Typical AI verbosity and abstractions throughout the text, with use of nominalisation" type="AI" score="0.66" /></span> that affected <span>not only humans but also the island's wildlife<annotation w... | <text>When Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico in September 2017, it left <span>a trail of destruction<annotation why="Typical AI verbosity and abstractions throughout the text, with use of nominalisation" type="AI" score="0.66" /></span> that affected <span>not only humans but also the island's wildlife<annota... | 1 | AI | 0.79 | There’s nothing glaringly wrong with the text, and it can feel like AP style writing, with a good command of vocabulary, tightly woven sentences, and some sentiments backed by quotes and facts, with a few inefficient phrases creating some level of character. But the stronger signals point to AI: the classic ‘not only..... | 155 | 12 | 155 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The opening sentence contains a classic AI “not only... but also” statement. It also says that about humans and animals, which seems to be a frequent theme in machine-generated text. Both experts are referred to by Dr., and the article has an overly hopeful and inspirational tone. One of the experts also convenien... | gpt-5.4 |
A makeshift aquarium that popped up this summer in a puddle beneath a leaky fire hydrant has been paved over, to the dismay of neighbors who turned the area into a hangout spot and goldfish shrine. The city’s Department of Environmental Protection has long said the dribbling hydrant created a safety hazard. Workers fil... | A makeshift aquarium that <span>popped up<annotation why="Interesting word choice; this piece has a voice" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> this summer in a puddle beneath a leaky fire hydrant has been paved over, to the dismay of neighbors who turned the area into a <span>hangout spot and goldfish shrine<annotation... | <text>A makeshift aquarium that <span>popped up<annotation why="Interesting word choice; this piece has a voice" type="human" score="0.56" /></span> this summer in a puddle beneath a leaky fire hydrant has been paved over, to the dismay of neighbors who turned the area into a <span>hangout spot and goldfish shrine<anno... | 0 | human | 0.88 | This feels human-written. I see none of the usual signs of AI or obvious AI language markers. The entire article is a bit too bizarre and creative to be machine-generated. The quirky writing style, good visual imagery, unique vocabulary, interesting word choices, and realistic quotes make it feel like a real piece with... | 90 | 0 | 90 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The entire article feels a bit too bizarre and creative to be machine-generated. Certain teams declining to comment also feels very human as it’s common in real articles and AI articles tend to give both sides comments to be more balanced.",
"I see none of the usual signs of AI. The quirky writing style in sente... | gpt-5.4 |
As museums experiment with ways of attracting new visitors beyond a niche audience of art lovers, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art has assembled an ambitious exhibition anchored in a subject with wide appeal: sports. Occupying over 13,000 square feet and the museum’s entire seventh floor, “Get in the Game: Sports... | As museums experiment with ways of attracting new visitors beyond a niche audience of art lovers, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art has <span>assembled an ambitious exhibition anchored<annotation why="This is an unusual turn of phrase that points to a human author" type="human" score="0.76" /></span> in a subject ... | <text>As museums experiment with ways of attracting new visitors beyond a niche audience of art lovers, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art has <span>assembled an ambitious exhibition anchored<annotation why="This is an unusual turn of phrase that points to a human author" type="human" score="0.76" /></span> in a su... | 0 | human | 0.89 | This article is human-written. Picture captions have been left in, abbreviations are used naturally and sometimes without explaining what they mean, there are unusual words and turns of phrase, standard speech tags, and spaced en dashes. The article does more than explain meaning; it shows, providing detail and visual ... | 45 | 16 | 45 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The thing that most clearly makes this human-generated is the fact that picture captions have been left in. The way the article uses abbreviations (sometimes without explaining what they mean) is also much more indicative of human writing. When you get to the end there are references to naked figures, someone bein... | gpt-5.4 |
As Hollywood prepares to release "Fly Me to the Moon," a film depicting a fictional CIA plot to fake the 1969 Moon landing, scientists and historians are expressing concern about the potential impact on public understanding of one of humanity's greatest achievements. The movie, set to premiere this summer, follows a gr... | <span>As Hollywood prepares to release "Fly Me to the Moon,"<annotation why="same formulaic opening paragraph and a very generic introduction" type="AI" score="0.77" /></span> a film depicting a fictional CIA plot to fake the 1969 Moon landing, scientists and historians are expressing concern about the potent... | <text><span>As Hollywood prepares to release "Fly Me to the Moon,"<annotation why="same formulaic opening paragraph and a very generic introduction" type="AI" score="0.77" /></span> a film depicting a fictional CIA plot to fake the 1969 Moon landing, scientists and historians are expressing concern about the ... | 1 | AI | 0.8 | Although there are no signs of AI writing like the usual overused word “crucial,” and the sentences can be varied, rich in vocabulary, and of varying styles, the stronger pattern is machine-generated: the text has the same formulaic opening paragraph and a classic textbook ending, with a very generic introduction and c... | 222 | 12 | 222 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article has a very generic introduction and conclusion as well as overly verbose quotes. It also contains a few AI names like “Mark Thompson” and a doctor named Sarah.",
"I see no signs of AI writing like the usual overused words “crucial”, for instance. Also, the sentences are varied, rich in vocabulary, an... | gpt-5.4 |
Mount Fuji looms large as Japan’s tallest mountain and one of its most enduring national symbols. Its snowy peak has inspired countless paintings and poems over the centuries, and more recently been featured on travel brochures and merchandise. But this year, Fuji went without its snow cap for the longest period since ... | Mount Fuji looms large as Japan’s tallest mountain and one of its most enduring national symbols. Its snowy peak has inspired countless paintings and poems over the centuries, and <span>more recently<annotation why="Author uses adverb phrases as a linking device, which improves narrativity" type="human" score="0.63" />... | <text>Mount Fuji looms large as Japan’s tallest mountain and one of its most enduring national symbols. Its snowy peak has inspired countless paintings and poems over the centuries, and <span>more recently<annotation why="Author uses adverb phrases as a linking device, which improves narrativity" type="human" score="0.... | 0 | human | 0.69 | This feels human-written because there are quite a few dates and facts that could be considered unnecessary, and even a reference to nudity that most LLMs would rather avoid. I see none of the usual AI-used words here such as ‘fostering’ or ‘crucial.’ There are several long, complicated sentences, varied sentence and p... | 73 | 43 | 73 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article contains quite a few dates and facts that could be considered unnecessary, something which you wouldn’t see in machine-generated text. The quote “Think of it as a person without clothes” is a reference to nudity that most LLMs would rather avoid.",
"I see none of the usual AI-used words here such as ... | gpt-5.4 |
In September 1679, a French trader and explorer arrived near Green Bay, Wisconsin, with his new merchant ship, Le Griffon. The ship was loaded with furs and other commodities, and the captain was instructed to sail it back to a port in eastern Lake Erie. The trader, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, headed south... | In September 1679, a French trader and explorer arrived near Green Bay, Wisconsin, with his new merchant ship, Le Griffon. The ship was loaded with furs and other commodities, and the captain was instructed to sail it back to a port in eastern Lake Erie. The trader, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, headed south... | <text>In September 1679, a French trader and explorer arrived near Green Bay, Wisconsin, with his new merchant ship, Le Griffon. The ship was loaded with furs and other commodities, and the captain was instructed to sail it back to a port in eastern Lake Erie. The trader, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, headed... | 0 | human | 0.78 | I am confident this is human-written. The main reason is how the quotations are handled: there’s only one expert quoted, whereas AI would easily quote at least 3, and the article uses “Baillod says” throughout rather than cycling through synonyms. While the writing style is simplistic, that’s already an indication beca... | 66 | 36 | 66 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The main reason why I believe this article is human-generated is because of how the quotations are handled. There’s only one expert quoted, whereas AI would easily quote at least 3, and the article uses “Baillod says” throughout rather than cycling through synonyms.",
"There are few clues here. I’m going with AI... | gpt-5.4 |
Election Day is fundamental to democracy, as it is when citizens cast their votes and influence the future of their communities and nation. Yet, in the midst of the enthusiasm and responsibility, voters must adhere to an essential guideline to make sure their opinions count: refrain from electioneering at the polling p... | <span>Election Day is fundamental to democracy<annotation why="The introduction is very generic, and it primarily uses larger vocabulary wordage such as ‘fundamental’, which is a common lexical tone in machine-generated text" type="AI" score="0.88" /></span>, as it is when citizens cast their votes and influence the fu... | <text><span>Election Day is fundamental to democracy<annotation why="The introduction is very generic, and it primarily uses larger vocabulary wordage such as ‘fundamental’, which is a common lexical tone in machine-generated text" type="AI" score="0.88" /></span>, as it is when citizens cast their votes and influence ... | 1 | AI | 0.94 | This article is AI-generated. The quotes are unnatural sounding and have the same tone as most AI text, and some of them are dubious: one is not a quote at all, another leaves the speaker unclear. The introduction and conclusion are very generic, with the concluding line perfectly summing up the article, and the articl... | 190 | 41 | 190 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The quotes are unnatural sounding and have the same tone as most AI text. The introduction and conclusion are very generic, with the concluding quote perfectly summing up the article, which further points towards machine-generated text. The article is very unbiased for one on US elections and the list style is ver... | gpt-5.4 |
The Le Griffon, built by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1679, holds the distinction of being the first full-sized sailing ship on the upper Great Lakes. It's also earned another, more dubious title: the most claimed shipwreck discovery in North American history. Despite numerous reported fin... | The Le Griffon, built by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1679, holds the distinction of being the first full-sized sailing ship on the upper Great Lakes. It's also earned another, more <span>dubious title<annotation why="This “feels” human-generated because of the more extensive, richer ... | <text>The Le Griffon, built by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1679, holds the distinction of being the first full-sized sailing ship on the upper Great Lakes. It's also earned another, more <span>dubious title<annotation why="This “feels” human-generated because of the more extensive, r... | 1 | AI | 0.89 | A couple of phrases make this “feel” human-generated because of the more extensive, richer vocabulary used here. But overall I am completely confident this is AI-generated: the wording is very familiar and artificial sounding, there are lots of nominalisations, dull business speak, and the same formulaic structure. The... | 216 | 6 | 216 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"All of the experts are doctors in their fields and are referred to as such, even though the subject matter doesn’t quite warrant it. The wording used is also very familiar and artificial sounding, with common AI words like “crucial” and “vast” used.",
"This “feels” human-generated because of the more extensive, ... | gpt-5.4 |
In December 2012, tour guides in Kenya’s Maasai Mara National Reserve witnessed a series of killings targeting one of the savannah’s top predators. An adult martial eagle followed a pride of lions for weeks, waiting for the right time to swoop in and kill three cubs in total. “This is an eagle really looking at these l... | In December 2012, tour guides in Kenya’s Maasai Mara National Reserve witnessed <span>a series of killings targeting one of the savannah’s top predators<annotation why="quite a generic AI introduction, with broad dramatic framing that seemed AI-generated" type="AI" score="0.41" /></span>. An adult martial eagle followe... | <text>In December 2012, tour guides in Kenya’s Maasai Mara National Reserve witnessed <span>a series of killings targeting one of the savannah’s top predators<annotation why="quite a generic AI introduction, with broad dramatic framing that seemed AI-generated" type="AI" score="0.41" /></span>. An adult martial eagle f... | 0 | human | 0.79 | This looks human-generated. There are a couple of AI-ish touches—a quite generic introduction and a phrase like ‘a testament to’—but I mainly go with human-generated because of the quotation style with clarifications in square brackets, which I’ve never seen in machine-generated text. I see no signs of AI otherwise, an... | 98 | 8 | 98 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"This article had quite a generic AI introduction and also a few phrases like “a testament to” that seemed AI-generated. Ultimately I mainly decided to go with human-generated largely because of the quotation style with clarifications in square brackets which I’ve never seen in machine-generated text.",
"I see no... | gpt-5.4 |
The Australian government announced on Thursday what it described as world-leading legislation that would institute an age limit of 16 years for children to start using social media, and hold platforms responsible for ensuring compliance. “Social media is doing harm to our kids and I’m calling time on it,” Prime Minist... | The Australian government <span>announced on Thursday what it described as world-leading legislation that would institute an age limit of 16 years for children to start using social media, and hold platforms responsible for ensuring compliance<annotation why="the differences in sentence length and structure suggest hum... | <text>The Australian government <span>announced on Thursday what it described as world-leading legislation that would institute an age limit of 16 years for children to start using social media, and hold platforms responsible for ensuring compliance<annotation why="the differences in sentence length and structure sugge... | 0 | human | 0.89 | I am pretty confident this is human-written. The differences in sentence length and structure suggest human writing, and it has the typical style of a newspaper report—a bunch of single sentences presented as paragraphs and one-sentence-long sections that are straight to the point and give people time and space to inte... | 91 | 1 | 91 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article uses “said” too many times in a row to be machine-generated. There’s also a psychologist who isn’t referred to by “Dr.” which further convinced me that it was written by a real person.",
"The differences in sentence length and structure suggest human writing but it isn’t clear.",
"Here’s why I thin... | gpt-5.4 |
When you reach for a jug of milk in the grocery store, you probably glance at the expiration date to ensure freshness. But have you ever noticed the other mysterious code printed on the carton? This seemingly random string of numbers and letters holds valuable information about your milk's journey from farm to fridge. ... | When you reach for a <span>jug of milk<annotation why="its use of the word ‘jug’ put me off immediately; milk in our grocery stores is sold in glass, cardboard, or plastic containers, not jugs" type="AI" score="0.80" /></span> in the grocery store, you probably glance at the expiration date to <span>ensure freshness<an... | <text>When you reach for a <span>jug of milk<annotation why="its use of the word ‘jug’ put me off immediately; milk in our grocery stores is sold in glass, cardboard, or plastic containers, not jugs" type="AI" score="0.80" /></span> in the grocery store, you probably glance at the expiration date to <span>ensure freshn... | 1 | AI | 0.91 | This feels like the base article itself is machine-generated, but edited and refined by a person to bypass AI detectors and plagiarism; one short sentence was probably shortened to make sure the content is readable to any audience. There is nothing wrong with the grammar, and the structure follows a textbook style: a l... | 168 | 38 | 168 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"I’ve noticed that it seems to pair first names with surnames that don’t fit. In a previous article, it was “Emily Zhang” and in this article, it’s “Emily Rodriguez”. While it is technically possible, I can’t imagine that the instances of Chinese or Spanish babies being named Emily are exceptionally high. There’s a... | gpt-5.4 |
Nonalcoholic beverages used to be the butt of jokes. Now, they’re the fastest-growing sector of the alcohol market. Sales of nonalcoholic beer, wine and liquor increased by 32 percent from 2022 to 2023, while total alcohol sales grew by just 1 percent. As of early 2024, the top-selling beer at Whole Foods was nonalcoho... | Nonalcoholic beverages used to be the <span>butt of jokes<annotation why="Referencing nonalcoholic drinks this way is a chatty, informal, widely understood phrase that indicates a command of language without losing professionalism, and it just doesn’t sound like something AI would ever write" type="human" score="0.91" ... | <text>Nonalcoholic beverages used to be the <span>butt of jokes<annotation why="Referencing nonalcoholic drinks this way is a chatty, informal, widely understood phrase that indicates a command of language without losing professionalism, and it just doesn’t sound like something AI would ever write" type="human" score="... | 0 | human | 0.89 | This seems human-written: there are none of the words AI usually favors, and the article presents its information well, providing context for the topic with facts that are easy to understand and relevance to the quotes placed throughout it. It is reasonably well-written and researched, with plenty of reasonable-looking... | 14 | 29 | 14 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The opening sentence immediately seems like it was written by a human, referencing nonalcoholic drinks as the “butt of jokes” just doesn’t sound like something AI would ever write. The general way the subject matter is handled with references to alcoholism, damaged pregnancies, and cancer, seems a bit direct for A... | gpt-5.4 |
Scientists have given artificial intelligence a direct line into the nervous systems of millimeter-long worms, letting it guide the creatures to a tasty target—and demonstrating intriguing brain-AI collaboration. They trained the AI with a methodology called deep-reinforcement learning; the same is used to help AI play... | Scientists have given artificial intelligence a direct line into the nervous systems of millimeter-long worms, letting it guide the creatures to a tasty target—and demonstrating intriguing brain-AI collaboration. They trained the AI with a methodology called <span>deep-reinforcement learning<annotation why="The purpose... | <text>Scientists have given artificial intelligence a direct line into the nervous systems of millimeter-long worms, letting it guide the creatures to a tasty target—and demonstrating intriguing brain-AI collaboration. They trained the AI with a methodology called <span>deep-reinforcement learning<annotation why="The p... | 0 | human | 0.81 | This article feels human-written. While there is a certain pattern to the sentence’s structure, it’s a unique way of writing, with long sentences extended by punctuation for a singular flow. The purpose and methodology are also quite detailed and well-explained, whereas AI seems to be vague around these subjects and wo... | 19 | 39 | 19 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | gpt-4o | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"Referring to a patch of Escherichia coli (which I’m guessing is E. coli) as “a tasty snack” is a funny contradiction, and definitely not something I would expect from machine-generated text. The purpose and methodology of the study are also quite detailed and well-explained, whereas AI seems to be vague around the... | gpt-5.4 |
When Amy Winehouse died in 2011 at age 27, media outlets quickly connected her death to what they called the "27 Club" – a supposed curse that claims the lives of talented musicians at that specific age. The connection seemed compelling: Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain, and Brian Jones had all die... | When Amy Winehouse died in 2011 at age 27, media outlets quickly connected her death to what they called the "27 Club" – a supposed curse that claims the lives of talented musicians at that specific age. The connection seemed compelling: Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain, and Brian Jones h... | <text>When Amy Winehouse died in 2011 at age 27, media outlets quickly connected her death to what they called the "27 Club" – a supposed curse that claims the lives of talented musicians at that specific age. The connection seemed compelling: Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain, and Brian J... | 1 | AI | 0.87 | I see no particular marks of human authorship. The article has way too many experts, almost all of who have AI names and are referred to as “Dr. X”. It is filled with AI style choices like “in the digital age,” higher vocabulary and word choices often used by AI, namely “powerful,” “crucial role,” “accelerated,” and ve... | 229 | 19 | 229 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article has way too many experts, almost all of who have AI names and are referred to as “Dr. X”. It’s also filled with AI style choices like the phrase “in the digital age”, an overly generic introduction that explains the entire article, and someone explicitly “concluding” the article with a quotation.",
... | gpt-5.4 |
From January to May each year, Qeqertarsuaq Tunua, a large bay on Greenland’s west coast, teems with plankton. Baleen whales come to feast on the bounty, and in 2010, two bowhead whales entered the bay to gorge. As the pair came within roughly 60 miles of one another, they were visually out of range but could likely st... | From January to May each year, Qeqertarsuaq Tunua, a large bay on Greenland’s west coast, teems with plankton. Baleen whales come to feast on the bounty, and in 2010, two bowhead whales entered the bay to gorge. As the pair came within roughly 60 miles of <span>one another<annotation why="The text mixes up “each other”... | <text>From January to May each year, Qeqertarsuaq Tunua, a large bay on Greenland’s west coast, teems with plankton. Baleen whales come to feast on the bounty, and in 2010, two bowhead whales entered the bay to gorge. As the pair came within roughly 60 miles of <span>one another<annotation why="The text mixes up “each ... | 0 | human | 0.86 | I am mostly confident this is human-written. The article contains very unique/humorous sentences that I would never imagine AI to use in the context of a mostly scientific article, and the play on words strongly suggests a human author. The mix-up of “each other” and “one another” suggests human error. It doesn’t follo... | 85 | 55 | 85 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article contains a number of very unique/humorous sentences that I would never imagine AI to use, especially not in the context of a mostly scientific article. The references to whales playing Marco Polo and the pun “herd theory (or should it be heard theory?” means that it must be written by a human.",
"The... | gpt-5.4 |
The new Scarlett Johansson-Channing Tatum vehicle “Fly Me to the Moon” uses a long-debunked conspiracy theory as the jumping-off point for a space-race romantic comedy. At the end of the 1960s, a wary NASA recognizes the need for better public relations during the Vietnam War. The resulting campaign leads to a faked ve... | The new Scarlett Johansson-Channing Tatum vehicle “Fly Me to the Moon” uses a long-debunked conspiracy theory as the jumping-off point for a space-race romantic comedy. At the end of the 1960s, a wary NASA recognizes the need for better public relations during the Vietnam War. The resulting campaign leads to a faked ve... | <text>The new Scarlett Johansson-Channing Tatum vehicle “Fly Me to the Moon” uses a long-debunked conspiracy theory as the jumping-off point for a space-race romantic comedy. At the end of the 1960s, a wary NASA recognizes the need for better public relations during the Vietnam War. The resulting campaign leads to a fa... | 0 | human | 0.8 | I think this is human-generated. There is some overall tone that seems AI-generated, but it’s difficult to be specific about why. Against that, it has a few instances of missing punctuation, an authenticity to it, and although it’s very information-heavy, I don’t see any of the usual offending AI words or phrases. The ... | 72 | 42 | 72 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article seems to display some political bias, which immediately makes me lean towards human-generated. The quotes also seem very human-generated with the way they call people “dumb as rocks” and use casual language such as “they’ll be like”, which I wouldn’t expect from AI.",
"I’m extremely unsure about this... | gpt-5.4 |
While many associate plastic surgery with modern aesthetic enhancements, its origins trace back thousands of years to reconstructive procedures that were vital for survival and social integration. The word "plastic" itself derives from the Greek word "plastikos," meaning moldable or shapeable, reflecting the fundamenta... | While many associate plastic surgery with modern aesthetic <span>enhancements<annotation why="There are also multiple AI words throughout like “enhance”." type="AI" score="0.68" /></span>, its origins trace back thousands of years to reconstructive procedures that were vital for survival and social integration. The wor... | <text>While many associate plastic surgery with modern aesthetic <span>enhancements<annotation why="There are also multiple AI words throughout like “enhance”." type="AI" score="0.68" /></span>, its origins trace back thousands of years to reconstructive procedures that were vital for survival and social integration. T... | 1 | AI | 0.95 | I am confident this is AI-generated. Most of the article contains a lot of the similar terminology I’m used to seeing, with the same predictable, dull formula. There’s nothing off with the grammar, but it has no authorial voice. It uses specific sentence patterns, such as listing of three, reflects on the topic without... | 215 | 5 | 215 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | claude | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"The article contains a few clear AI names. There are also multiple AI words throughout like “enhance” and “crucial”.",
"The words “pivotal”, “both”, and “crucial” are hints that this is AI-generated. Also, the term “it’s about” is often used by AI.",
"Here’s why I know it’s AI: same predictable, dull formula. ... | gpt-5.4 |
A bale of hay might look traditional enough, but on a ranch near Camarillo, California, a few Angus steers have been munching something extra in their daily feed: dried seaweed pellets. The unlikely ingredient isn’t a culinary stunt; it’s part of a serious effort to clean up the beef industry’s image—literally. Accordi... | A bale of hay might look traditional enough, but on a ranch near Camarillo, California, a few Angus steers have been <span>munching something extra<annotation why="it has a voice and that voice isn’t as stiff as AI’s; this is colloquial language" type="human" score="0.57" /></span> in their daily feed: dried seaweed pe... | <text>A bale of hay might look traditional enough, but on a ranch near Camarillo, California, a few Angus steers have been <span>munching something extra<annotation why="it has a voice and that voice isn’t as stiff as AI’s; this is colloquial language" type="human" score="0.57" /></span> in their daily feed: dried seaw... | 1 | AI | 0.7 | There are a couple of human-looking touches, partly because of words like ‘hoofprint’ and ‘literally,’ and it does use colloquial language, contractions and filler words; the people interviewed being from the same university also makes sense from a logistical standpoint. But I am pretty confident this is AI-generated. ... | 293 | 53 | 293 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"I wasn’t too sure but I went with human-generated, partly because of a couple of words like “hoofprint” and “literally”. The people interviewed were also all from the same university, which makes sense from a logistical standpoint.",
"The word “potent” is often used by AI, as is the phrase “pack a punch.”\n“Prac... | gpt-5.4 |
The mournful eyes, the lingering stares, the sad sighs. Many pet parents leave the house each day with a dog or cat watching somberly from the window. Social scientists have found that pet owners experience ongoing guilt about wanting to do better for their animals. Researchers have called it an understudied topic that... | The mournful eyes, the lingering stares, the sad sighs. Many pet parents leave the house each day with a dog or cat <span>watching somberly from the window.<annotation why="A pet watching somberly from the window is a relatable, recognizable experience" type="human" score="0.77" /></span> Social scientists have found t... | <text>The mournful eyes, the lingering stares, the sad sighs. Many pet parents leave the house each day with a dog or cat <span>watching somberly from the window.<annotation why="A pet watching somberly from the window is a relatable, recognizable experience" type="human" score="0.77" /></span> Social scientists have f... | 0 | human | 0.86 | I am confident this is human-written. The article has some human-seeming touches, like the use of the expression ‘a double whammy’. Any statement that may sound blanketed is backed up by reasons, facts, and ideas that make sense in context, and it brings in relevant information to expand on the topic without trying to ... | 123 | 3 | 123 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | Human-written | Human-Generated | [
"The article had some human-seeming touches, like the use of the expression “a double whammy”. Ultimately there wasn’t much else pointing either way so I just went with what felt closer.",
"The journals’ names aren’t italicized. This may be a human error.\nThere is inconsistent use of speech/quotation marks. some... | gpt-5.4 |
It started as a baffling finding by a team of Brazilian marine biologists who were studying the health of coastal shark populations near São Paulo State’s port regions. In a recent survey of Brazilian sharpnose sharks (Rhizoprionodon lalandii), the researchers detected trace amounts of cocaine metabolites in the animal... | It started as a <span>baffling finding<annotation why="Some odd word choices" type="AI" score="0.52" /></span> by a team of Brazilian marine biologists who were studying the health of coastal shark populations near São Paulo State’s port regions. In a recent survey of Brazilian sharpnose sharks (Rhizoprionodon lalandii... | <text>It started as a <span>baffling finding<annotation why="Some odd word choices" type="AI" score="0.52" /></span> by a team of Brazilian marine biologists who were studying the health of coastal shark populations near São Paulo State’s port regions. In a recent survey of Brazilian sharpnose sharks (Rhizoprionodon la... | 1 | AI | 0.78 | I am confident this is AI-generated. There’s a lot of similar AI-language patterns used here, such as its extensive use of lists and three-listing pattern of ideas in sentences, along with comparative sentences and similar formal language like “essential” and “implement.” All of the experts are doctors, and the sentenc... | 277 | 37 | 277 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | humanized_o1-pro | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"All of the experts in the article are doctors, which points towards it being machine-generated. The sentences themselves felt very matter-of-fact and somewhat boring in a way that seems common in AI text.",
"The only clue here is the extensive use of lists (highlighted). AI often uses these so I’ve concluded thi... | gpt-5.4 |
The animal kingdom offers a captivating range when it comes to taste. The variety is remarkable, from animals with exceptional taste abilities to those that hardly perceive flavors. Recognizing these variations not only underscores how animals have adapted to their habitats but also provides clues about the evolutionar... | The animal kingdom offers a <span>captivating range<annotation why="Lots of pretentious LLM marker words that prettify the prose but add nothing to the content, and the introduction is incredibly generic" type="AI" score="0.89" /></span> when it comes to taste. <span>The variety is remarkable<annotation why="again, ove... | <text>The animal kingdom offers a <span>captivating range<annotation why="Lots of pretentious LLM marker words that prettify the prose but add nothing to the content, and the introduction is incredibly generic" type="AI" score="0.89" /></span> when it comes to taste. <span>The variety is remarkable<annotation why="agai... | 1 | AI | 0.97 | I am confident this article is AI-generated. It is littered with AI words and phrases like crucial, array, not only...but also, and repeated underscores. The article’s format uses the same overt language and title case, capitalized structure, while the sentences have that predictable monotonous flow of information lace... | 206 | 57 | 206 | 1b8f9eeb6413f2541a320b09c7cc77b8d5c51a9e69a87ae0e91bd0e9ede5bd9a | paraphrased_gpt-4o | AI-generated | Machine-Generated | [
"This article is littered with AI words and phrases like “crucial” and “array”. Both the introduction and conclusion are incredibly generic and it also seems to have an endless supply of perfectly suited experts to comment on each animal type.",
"There are several uses of AI’s favorite words such as “crucial role... | gpt-5.4 |
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