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Timeline of Regina history
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[{'timestamp': '1872', 'event': 'The federal Dominion Lands Act is passed to encourage homesteaders to come to the area, under the promise of 160 acres (647,000 m2) of land for $10.'}, {'timestamp': '1882', 'event': 'Regina was established.'}, {'timestamp': '1883', 'event': 'Regina was chosen as the new capital of the North West Territories, replacing Battleford.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01-1883', 'event': 'On December 1, Regina was officially declared a town.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-1884', 'event': "The town's first mayor, David Scott, was elected on January 10."}, {'timestamp': '1885', 'event': 'Regina attained national prominence in 1885 during the North-West Rebellion when troops were mostly able to be transported by train on the Canadian Pacific Railway.'}, {'timestamp': '1885', 'event': 'Louis Riel was brought to Regina after his troops were defeated by government forces in the North-West Rebellion in the spring.'}, {'timestamp': '11-16-1885', 'event': 'The trial of Louis Riel. Riel was found guilty of treason and hanged on November 16.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-1886', 'event': 'On July 4, the first scheduled Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental passenger train reached Vancouver, after travelling for five days, 19 hours. It was the first scheduled train to cross Canada from sea to sea.'}, {'timestamp': '1891', 'event': 'Government House (Saskatchewan) completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1892-1920', 'event': 'Regina was the headquarters of the North-West Mounted Police, and it is now headquarters of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Northwest Region and home of the RCMP Academy, Depot Division.'}, {'timestamp': '1894', 'event': 'The Supreme Court was built in 1894 on the northwest corner of Hamilton Street and Victoria Avenue.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': "St Nicholas's Romanian Orthodox Church established; it is the oldest Romanian Orthodox parish in North America."}, {'timestamp': '06-19-1903', 'event': 'With a population of more than 3,000, Regina was incorporated as a city on June 19, with Jacob W. Smith serving as the first mayor.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-1906', 'event': 'Regina was proclaimed the capital of the province of Saskatchewan on May 23 by the first provincial government, led by Premier Walter Scott.'}, {'timestamp': '1906', 'event': 'Royal Saskatchewan Museum established.'}, {'timestamp': '1906-07', 'event': 'The Old Post Office built. Its distinctive bell tower was added in 1912.'}, {'timestamp': '1908-12', 'event': 'The monumental Saskatchewan Legislative Building was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1910', 'event': 'University of Regina established.'}, {'timestamp': '08-1911', 'event': "The first site in Regina used for flying was the infield at Regina Exhibition Park's horse race track, where visiting barnstormer 'Lucky Bob' St. Pierre flew a Curtiss Model D biplane in August."}, {'timestamp': '1911-12', 'event': 'Train Station- later to become Casino Regina was built.'}, {'timestamp': '06-30-1912', 'event': "On June 30, a tornado known as the Regina Cyclone hit the community, levelling much of the young city's business district, killing 28 people and injuring hundreds, making it Canada's deadliest tornado."}, {'timestamp': '1913', 'event': 'Regina Normal School built.'}, {'timestamp': '1914', 'event': "St George's Cathedral founded though the present building dates from the early 1960s), the episcopal seat of the Romanian Orthodox Bishop of Regina."}, {'timestamp': '1929', 'event': "Regina grew rapidly till the Great Depression, when Saskatchewan was the third province of Canada in both population and economic indicators. Thereafter, Saskatchewan never recovered its early promise and Regina's growth slowed and at times reversed."}, {'timestamp': '11-10-1930', 'event': 'Albert Memorial Bridge (Regina, Saskatchewan) opened on November 10.'}, {'timestamp': '1933', 'event': 'Regina Manifesto.'}, {'timestamp': '1935', 'event': "The adoption by the new CCF (now the NDP) of the Regina Manifesto, which set out the new party's goals."}, {'timestamp': '07-01-1935', 'event': 'The Regina Riot, an incident of the On-to-Ottawa Trek, on 1 July.'}, {'timestamp': '1944', 'event': 'The 1944 election of the CCF under T.C. Douglas, the first social democratic government in North America and a pioneer of numerous social programs – notably of course Medicare – which were later adopted in other provinces and nationally.'}, {'timestamp': '1945', 'event': "At the conclusion of the war Regina's population was about 65,000."}, {'timestamp': '1956', 'event': 'The Prince Edward Building (Regina) was replaced as a post office.'}, {'timestamp': '1960', 'event': 'The Romanian Orthodox cathedral built on Victoria Avenue in the East End.'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': "The Saskatchewan Doctors' Strike, when medical doctors withheld their services in response to the introduction of Medicare with the enactment of the Medical Care Insurance Act, 1961 (Sask.)."}, {'timestamp': '1965', 'event': 'The 1894 building was replaced in 1965 by the current courthouse on Victoria Avenue between Smith and McIntyre Streets. The Avord Tower now stands on the site of the Supreme Court building.'}, {'timestamp': '1966', 'event': 'Globe Theatre, Regina founded.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'The RCMP Heritage Centre opened.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1872', 'event': 'The federal Dominion Lands Act is passed to encourage homesteaders to come to the area, under the promise of 160 acres (647,000 m2) of land for $10.'}]
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Timeline of the Jin-Song Wars
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[{'timestamp': '1122', 'event': 'They overthrew the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in 1122 and declared the establishment of a new dynasty, the Jin.'}, {'timestamp': '11-01-1125', 'event': 'The Jurchens first declared war on the Song dynasty in November 1125.'}, {'timestamp': '1132', 'event': "The siege of De'an in 1132 included the first recorded use of the fire lance, an early gunpowder weapon and an ancestor of the firearm."}, {'timestamp': '1142', 'event': 'A peace accord, the Treaty of Shaoxing, was negotiated and ratified in 1142, establishing the Huai River as the boundary between the two empires.'}, {'timestamp': '1161', 'event': 'Wanyan Liang invaded the Southern Song in 1161.'}, {'timestamp': '1204', 'event': 'Song revanchists tried and failed to retake northern China in 1204.'}, {'timestamp': '1221', 'event': 'Gunpowder bombs made of cast iron were used in a siege in 1221.'}, {'timestamp': '13th century', 'event': 'Both the Song and Jin dynasties ended in the 13th century as the Mongol Empire expanded across Asia.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1122', 'event': 'They overthrew the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in 1122 and declared the establishment of a new dynasty, the Jin.'}]
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Timeline of the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict
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[{'timestamp': '06-12-2014', 'event': 'three Israeli teenagers were kidnapped in the West Bank.'}, {'timestamp': '06-30-2014', 'event': 'corpses of the teenagers were found.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2014', 'event': "the Security Cabinet of Israel decided to begin a 'counter-terrorist operation'."}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2014', 'event': 'A cease-fire proposal was announced by the Egyptian government.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2014', 'event': 'the Israeli government accepted it and temporarily stopped hostilities on the morning.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2014', 'event': 'the death toll within Gaza had surpassed 200 people.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2014', 'event': 'a five-hour humanitarian ceasefire, proposed by the UN, took place.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2014', 'event': "the Israeli military entered Shuja'iyya, a populous neighborhood of Gaza City, resulting in heavy fighting."}, {'timestamp': '07-24-2014', 'event': 'over 10,000 Palestinians in the West Bank protested against the Israeli operation; 2 Palestinian protesters were killed.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2014', 'event': "an Israeli airstrike killed Salah Abu Hassanein, the leader of Islamic Jihad's military wing."}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2014', 'event': 'another humanitarian ceasefire took place for twelve hours.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2014', 'event': 'the US and UN announced that Israel and Hamas had agreed to a 72-hour ceasefire starting at 08:00.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2014', 'event': 'IDF pulled most of its ground forces out of the Gaza Strip after completing the destruction of 32 tunnels built by Hamas and other militants.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2014', 'event': 'Israel announced that it had arrested Hossam Kawasmeh on 11 July.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2014', 'event': 'another Egyptian proposal for a 72-hour ceasefire was negotiated and agreed upon Israeli and Palestinian officials.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2014', 'event': 'it was extended for another 120 hours to allow both sides to continue negotiations for a long-term solution.'}, {'timestamp': '08-19-2014', 'event': 'a 24-hour ceasefire extension renewal was violated just hours after agreement.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20-2014', 'event': 'a Hamas official in exile in Turkey, Saleh al-Arouri, claimed responsibility for the kidnapping and the murder.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21-2014', 'event': "an Israeli airstrike in Rafah killed three of Hamas's top commanders."}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2014', 'event': 'Israel and Hamas accepted another cease-fire at 19:00.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16-2014', 'event': 'a mortar shell was fired to Israel for the first time since the cease-fire commenced.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2014', 'event': 'Israeli forces entered the Gaza Strip and fired upon Palestinian farmers and farms.'}, {'timestamp': '10-31-2014', 'event': 'a rocket or a mortar shell was launched from Gaza into southern Israel without causing harm.'}, {'timestamp': '11-23-2014', 'event': 'a Palestinian farmer was shot dead in Gaza, marking the first time a Palestinian from Gaza had been killed by Israeli fire since the seven-week war.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07', 'event': 'After an Israeli Air Force strike killed 7 Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip the day before, Hamas responded by launching rockets and assumed responsibility for all rockets fired from Gaza. In preparations for a potential escalation in fighting, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) called up 1,500 reserves on 7 July.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'The IDF continued calling up additional reserves on 8 July, stating plans to call up 40,000 or more.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'Due to the rocket fire from the Gaza Strip into Israel, the IDF Home Front Command closed all summer camps and banned gatherings of more than 300 people within 40 km of Gaza, while universities suspended studies and final exams, and people were cautioned to stay close to shelter.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'In the early morning of 8 July, Israel announced it had struck at least 50 targets in Gaza overnight Monday, injuring 17 people.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'A force of five Hamas naval commandos landed on a beach in Israel near kibbutz Zikim and advanced toward an IDF command post.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': "This was followed by Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu instructing the IDF to 'take their gloves off' against Hamas and instructed them to take any means necessary to restore peace to Israeli citizens."}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'Late afternoon, Hamas announced that all Israelis are now legitimate targets.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'By the end of 8 July, Israeli Air Force (IAF) and the Israeli Navy had struck 435 targets in Gaza, resulting in the death of at least 23 Palestinians, including two children under five, and over 122 injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'Just after midnight on 9 July, President Mahmoud Abbas announced he would convene an emergency meeting of the Palestinian leadership to discuss the escalation.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'In the afternoon, the Iron Dome shot down a rocket over Zichron Yaakov, 120 km (75 miles) from the Gaza border.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10', 'event': 'Shortly after midnight, the United Nations Security Council announced that it would hold a special meeting to discuss the current Israel–Palestinian conflict.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2021', 'event': 'By the start of day seven of the operation, there had been 1,320 strikes by Israel in Gaza, and 940 rockets fired from Gaza at Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021', 'event': 'During the night, for the first time during the operation, two rockets were fired at Eilat, from Egypt.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021 07:00', 'event': 'Israel announced it had officially voted to accept the ceasefire proposed by Egypt for 09:00.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021 15:00', 'event': 'Netanyahu announced that, due to the continued rocket fire from Gaza, they would be renewing their strikes.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021', 'event': 'On 15 July, Israel had struck 96 targets in Gaza, resulting in 16 deaths and 156 rockets had been fired toward Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'Around midnight, the start of day nine of fighting, Netanyahu vowed to intensify and expand Israeli strikes after accelerated rocket launches from Gaza during the six-hour Israeli cessation of hostilities.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'During the night, Israeli warplanes bombed the house of senior Hamas leader Mahmoud al-Zahar.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'On 16 July Israel had struck 50 targets in Gaza, resulting in 17 deaths.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021 10:00', 'event': "During the night, Israel agreed to a five-hour humanitarian ceasefire, proposed by the UN, followed shortly by Hamas' acceptance."}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021 15:00', 'event': 'At exactly 15:00, at the end of the agreed upon five-hour ceasefire, sirens began ringing again in Israel, in the Ashkelon region.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2014', 'event': 'The IDF stated that by the end of the ceasefire, only 9 rockets had been shot at Israel so far on 26 July, all before the ceasefire started.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2014', 'event': 'The four-hour ceasefire extension ended at midnight, and, despite the continued rocket fire from Gaza, Israel agreed to an additional ceasefire throughout all of 27 July; however, Hamas rejected it.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28-2014', 'event': 'At 07:00, the United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting to issue a statement calling for both sides to have an immediate and indefinite humanitarian ceasefire.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29-2014', 'event': 'Shortly after midnight, France announced that it had agreed to transfer 8 million Euros to Gaza in aid.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2014', 'event': 'Israel agreed to a four-hour humanitarian ceasefire from 15:00 to 19:00, however stated that it did not apply to areas they were currently operating in, and residents were requested to not return home.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2021', 'event': 'Israel declared a seven-hour humanitarian ceasefire, except for Rafah, starting from 10:00–17:00 to allow aid for civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2021', 'event': 'Shortly after midnight, hours before the ceasefire, Obama signed The Iron Dome Bill providing $225 million in additional funding for the Iron Dome.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2021', 'event': 'After 30 hours of silence in southern Israel, false alarm sirens rang out along the Gaza border.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2021', 'event': 'As permanent ceasefire talk progressed, the main separation point held with Hamas demanding the lifting of the blockade, while Israel demanded Hamas demilitarization.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2021', 'event': 'Amid the stalemate regarding the negotiations in Cairo, hours before the end of the 72-hour cease-fire, Israel announced fire from southern Gaza into Israel resumed, however Hamas denied it.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2021', 'event': 'Senior Hamas official Moaaz Zaid was killed when an airstrike hit a mosque in Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2021', 'event': 'After Israel has previously stated they will not negotiate while under rocket fire, Hamas and the PIJ stated they would leave Cairo on 10 August if Israel did not attend negotiations.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2021', 'event': "In the morning, as the ceasefire appeared to hold, Egypt's foreign ministry announced that they opened the Rafah border crossing to allow aid into Gaza."}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2021', 'event': 'The Turkish Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH) announced a new attempt to breach the Israeli naval blockade of Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2021', 'event': 'During the night, the UK announced that if the fighting in Gaza continued after the ceasefire, they would suspend their military sales to Israel, while investigating whether they have been used properly.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25', 'event': "In the early morning hours news began to leak of Abbas's new plan for an independent Palestinian state, which would be announced on 26 August."}, {'timestamp': '08-26', 'event': 'Gazan sources reported that overnight Israel struck a 13-story building in Gaza known as the Italian Tower, after firing three warning shots into the building, which contained a mix of residences, offices (including the Ministry of Public Works), and retail stores.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-25', 'event': "In the early morning hours news began to leak of Abbas's new plan for an independent Palestinian state, which would be announced on 26 August."}, {'timestamp': '06-30-2014', 'event': 'corpses of the teenagers were found.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2021', 'event': 'As permanent ceasefire talk progressed, the main separation point held with Hamas demanding the lifting of the blockade, while Israel demanded Hamas demilitarization.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2021', 'event': 'Amid the stalemate regarding the negotiations in Cairo, hours before the end of the 72-hour cease-fire, Israel announced fire from southern Gaza into Israel resumed, however Hamas denied it.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'During the night, Israeli warplanes bombed the house of senior Hamas leader Mahmoud al-Zahar.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28-2014', 'event': 'At 07:00, the United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting to issue a statement calling for both sides to have an immediate and indefinite humanitarian ceasefire.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021', 'event': 'On 15 July, Israel had struck 96 targets in Gaza, resulting in 16 deaths and 156 rockets had been fired toward Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2014', 'event': 'it was extended for another 120 hours to allow both sides to continue negotiations for a long-term solution.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2014', 'event': 'Israel and Hamas accepted another cease-fire at 19:00.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2014', 'event': 'Israel announced that it had arrested Hossam Kawasmeh on 11 July.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021 07:00', 'event': 'Israel announced it had officially voted to accept the ceasefire proposed by Egypt for 09:00.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'Due to the rocket fire from the Gaza Strip into Israel, the IDF Home Front Command closed all summer camps and banned gatherings of more than 300 people within 40 km of Gaza, while universities suspended studies and final exams, and people were cautioned to stay close to shelter.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10', 'event': 'Shortly after midnight, the United Nations Security Council announced that it would hold a special meeting to discuss the current Israel–Palestinian conflict.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021 15:00', 'event': 'Netanyahu announced that, due to the continued rocket fire from Gaza, they would be renewing their strikes.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'In the afternoon, the Iron Dome shot down a rocket over Zichron Yaakov, 120 km (75 miles) from the Gaza border.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2021', 'event': 'Shortly after midnight, hours before the ceasefire, Obama signed The Iron Dome Bill providing $225 million in additional funding for the Iron Dome.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2014', 'event': "the Security Cabinet of Israel decided to begin a 'counter-terrorist operation'."}, {'timestamp': '08-19-2014', 'event': 'a 24-hour ceasefire extension renewal was violated just hours after agreement.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'The IDF continued calling up additional reserves on 8 July, stating plans to call up 40,000 or more.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': "This was followed by Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu instructing the IDF to 'take their gloves off' against Hamas and instructed them to take any means necessary to restore peace to Israeli citizens."}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2021', 'event': "In the morning, as the ceasefire appeared to hold, Egypt's foreign ministry announced that they opened the Rafah border crossing to allow aid into Gaza."}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2014', 'event': 'the US and UN announced that Israel and Hamas had agreed to a 72-hour ceasefire starting at 08:00.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29-2014', 'event': 'Shortly after midnight, France announced that it had agreed to transfer 8 million Euros to Gaza in aid.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2014', 'event': 'the Israeli government accepted it and temporarily stopped hostilities on the morning.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07', 'event': 'After an Israeli Air Force strike killed 7 Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip the day before, Hamas responded by launching rockets and assumed responsibility for all rockets fired from Gaza. In preparations for a potential escalation in fighting, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) called up 1,500 reserves on 7 July.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-2014', 'event': 'over 10,000 Palestinians in the West Bank protested against the Israeli operation; 2 Palestinian protesters were killed.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2014', 'event': 'Israeli forces entered the Gaza Strip and fired upon Palestinian farmers and farms.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2021', 'event': 'After Israel has previously stated they will not negotiate while under rocket fire, Hamas and the PIJ stated they would leave Cairo on 10 August if Israel did not attend negotiations.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'In the early morning of 8 July, Israel announced it had struck at least 50 targets in Gaza overnight Monday, injuring 17 people.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2021', 'event': 'Israel declared a seven-hour humanitarian ceasefire, except for Rafah, starting from 10:00–17:00 to allow aid for civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2014', 'event': 'three Israeli teenagers were kidnapped in the West Bank.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21-2014', 'event': "an Israeli airstrike in Rafah killed three of Hamas's top commanders."}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021', 'event': 'During the night, for the first time during the operation, two rockets were fired at Eilat, from Egypt.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2014', 'event': "the Israeli military entered Shuja'iyya, a populous neighborhood of Gaza City, resulting in heavy fighting."}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'Around midnight, the start of day nine of fighting, Netanyahu vowed to intensify and expand Israeli strikes after accelerated rocket launches from Gaza during the six-hour Israeli cessation of hostilities.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2014', 'event': 'the death toll within Gaza had surpassed 200 people.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2021', 'event': 'Senior Hamas official Moaaz Zaid was killed when an airstrike hit a mosque in Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26', 'event': 'Gazan sources reported that overnight Israel struck a 13-story building in Gaza known as the Italian Tower, after firing three warning shots into the building, which contained a mix of residences, offices (including the Ministry of Public Works), and retail stores.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021 10:00', 'event': "During the night, Israel agreed to a five-hour humanitarian ceasefire, proposed by the UN, followed shortly by Hamas' acceptance."}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2021', 'event': 'The Turkish Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH) announced a new attempt to breach the Israeli naval blockade of Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2014', 'event': 'A cease-fire proposal was announced by the Egyptian government.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2014', 'event': "an Israeli airstrike killed Salah Abu Hassanein, the leader of Islamic Jihad's military wing."}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'A force of five Hamas naval commandos landed on a beach in Israel near kibbutz Zikim and advanced toward an IDF command post.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'On 16 July Israel had struck 50 targets in Gaza, resulting in 17 deaths.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2021', 'event': 'By the start of day seven of the operation, there had been 1,320 strikes by Israel in Gaza, and 940 rockets fired from Gaza at Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2021', 'event': 'During the night, the UK announced that if the fighting in Gaza continued after the ceasefire, they would suspend their military sales to Israel, while investigating whether they have been used properly.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'By the end of 8 July, Israeli Air Force (IAF) and the Israeli Navy had struck 435 targets in Gaza, resulting in the death of at least 23 Palestinians, including two children under five, and over 122 injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2014', 'event': 'The four-hour ceasefire extension ended at midnight, and, despite the continued rocket fire from Gaza, Israel agreed to an additional ceasefire throughout all of 27 July; however, Hamas rejected it.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2014', 'event': 'The IDF stated that by the end of the ceasefire, only 9 rockets had been shot at Israel so far on 26 July, all before the ceasefire started.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2014', 'event': 'a five-hour humanitarian ceasefire, proposed by the UN, took place.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': 'Late afternoon, Hamas announced that all Israelis are now legitimate targets.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2014', 'event': 'IDF pulled most of its ground forces out of the Gaza Strip after completing the destruction of 32 tunnels built by Hamas and other militants.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16-2014', 'event': 'a mortar shell was fired to Israel for the first time since the cease-fire commenced.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2021', 'event': 'After 30 hours of silence in southern Israel, false alarm sirens rang out along the Gaza border.'}, {'timestamp': '11-23-2014', 'event': 'a Palestinian farmer was shot dead in Gaza, marking the first time a Palestinian from Gaza had been killed by Israeli fire since the seven-week war.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2014', 'event': 'another Egyptian proposal for a 72-hour ceasefire was negotiated and agreed upon Israeli and Palestinian officials.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2014', 'event': 'another humanitarian ceasefire took place for twelve hours.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021 15:00', 'event': 'At exactly 15:00, at the end of the agreed upon five-hour ceasefire, sirens began ringing again in Israel, in the Ashkelon region.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20-2014', 'event': 'a Hamas official in exile in Turkey, Saleh al-Arouri, claimed responsibility for the kidnapping and the murder.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2014', 'event': 'Israel agreed to a four-hour humanitarian ceasefire from 15:00 to 19:00, however stated that it did not apply to areas they were currently operating in, and residents were requested to not return home.'}, {'timestamp': '10-31-2014', 'event': 'a rocket or a mortar shell was launched from Gaza into southern Israel without causing harm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'Just after midnight on 9 July, President Mahmoud Abbas announced he would convene an emergency meeting of the Palestinian leadership to discuss the escalation.'}]
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Timeline of the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict
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[{'timestamp': '08-26', 'event': 'The truce came into effect at 19:00 on 26 August; in the previous day over 182 rockets and mortar bombs were fired at Israel, 143 of them falling in open areas and five in residential areas, while 27 were intercepted.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2014', 'event': 'As of 26 August 2014, when a month-long ceasefire was agreed to by both parties, nearly 2,000 people had been killed in Gaza, as well as 69 Israelis.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'In response, on 27 August, Netanyahu, in his first comments, told that Hamas was hit hard and won few concessions.'}, {'timestamp': '08-28', 'event': "On 28 August, at the Morning Show, 'Keshet – Morning' it was reported that Israel also respected the requests of the Arab countries which worried to citizens of Gaza."}, {'timestamp': '09-01', 'event': "On 1 September, it was reported by BBC that Israel intended to 'expropriate 4 sq km (1.5 sq miles) of Palestinian land in the occupied West Bank'."}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-26', 'event': 'The truce came into effect at 19:00 on 26 August; in the previous day over 182 rockets and mortar bombs were fired at Israel, 143 of them falling in open areas and five in residential areas, while 27 were intercepted.'}]
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Timeline of the British Army 1900–99
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[{'timestamp': '1901', 'event': 'Boxer Rebellion ended'}, {'timestamp': '1901-1902', 'event': 'Anglo-Aro War'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'Second Boer War ended'}, {'timestamp': '1914-1918', 'event': 'World War I'}, {'timestamp': '1916', 'event': 'Easter Rising'}, {'timestamp': '1917', 'event': 'Third Anglo Marri War'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Third Afghan War'}, {'timestamp': '1919-1921', 'event': 'Irish War of Independence'}, {'timestamp': '1939-1945', 'event': 'World War II'}, {'timestamp': '1946-1947', 'event': 'Greek civil war'}, {'timestamp': '1948-1960', 'event': 'Malayan Emergency'}, {'timestamp': '1950-1953', 'event': 'Korean War'}, {'timestamp': '1952-1960', 'event': 'Mau Mau Uprising'}, {'timestamp': '1955-1959', 'event': 'Cypriot Independence'}, {'timestamp': '1956-1957', 'event': 'Suez Crisis'}, {'timestamp': '1962-1966', 'event': 'Brunei Revolt'}, {'timestamp': '1962-1966', 'event': 'Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation'}, {'timestamp': '1962-1975', 'event': 'Dhofar Rebellion'}, {'timestamp': '1963-1967', 'event': 'Aden Emergency'}, {'timestamp': '1968-1998', 'event': 'The Troubles'}, {'timestamp': '1969-2007', 'event': 'Operation Banner'}, {'timestamp': '1982', 'event': 'Falklands War'}, {'timestamp': '1990-1991', 'event': 'Gulf War'}, {'timestamp': '1991-2001', 'event': 'Yugoslav wars'}, {'timestamp': '1992-1995', 'event': 'Bosnian War'}, {'timestamp': '1998-1999', 'event': 'Kosovo War'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1901', 'event': 'Boxer Rebellion ended'}]
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Timeline of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season
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[{'timestamp': '05-15-2008', 'event': 'The 2008 Eastern Pacific hurricane season officially begins.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-E forms 105 mi (169 km) west-northwest of Cabo Blanco, Costa Rica.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Alma.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Alma attains peak intensity with winds reaching 65 mph (105 km/h) and a central pressure of 994 mb (29.4 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Alma makes landfall near Leon, Nicaragua.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Alma weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Alma dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2008', 'event': 'The Central Pacific hurricane season officially begins.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Two-E forms 570 mi (920 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Two-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Boris.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Three-E forms 1,075 mi (1,730 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Three-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Cristina.'}, {'timestamp': '06-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Cristina attains peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 999 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Cristina weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Cristina weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Boris strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Boris weakens back to a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Four-E forms 280 mi (450 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Boris reintensifies into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Boris attains peak intensity with winds reaching 80 mph (130 km/h) and a central pressure of 985 mb (29.1 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Boris weakens back to a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Four-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Douglas.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Douglas attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,003 mb (29.6 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Douglas weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Boris weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Douglas weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Boris weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-05-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Five-E forms 170 mi (270 km) south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Five-E attains peak intensity with winds reaching 35 mph (56 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,005 mb (29.7 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Five-E dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Six-E forms 400 mi (640 km) southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Six-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Elida.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Elida strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seven-E forms 560 mi (900 km) southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seven-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Fausto.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Elida strengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Elida attains its peak intensity with winds reaching 105 mph (169 km/h) and a central pressure of 970 mb (29 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Elida weakens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Elida weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Fausto strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Elida weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Elida weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Fausto attains peak intensity with winds reaching 95 mph (153 km/h) and a central pressure of 977 mb (28.9 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eight-E forms 250 mi (400 km) south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Fausto weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eight-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Genevieve.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Fausto weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fausto weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Genevieve strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2008', 'event': 'Genevieve attains peak intensity with winds reaching 75 mph (121 km/h) and a central pressure of 987 mb (29.1 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Genevieve weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Genevieve weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Genevieve weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Nine-E forms 700 mi (1,100 km) south of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Nine-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Hernan.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-C forms 850 mi (1,370 km) southeast of Hilo, Hawaii.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-C strengthens into Tropical Storm Kika.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Kika attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,007 mb (29.7 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Hernan strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Kika weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan strengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Kika restrengthens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan strengthens into a Category 3 major hurricane. Simultaneously, Hernan attains peak intensity with winds reaching 120 mph (190 km/h) and a central pressure of 956 mb (28.2 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan weakens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan weakens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Kika weakens back into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Kika weakens into a tropical disturbance.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Hernan weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Ten-E forms 210 mi (340 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Ten-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Iselle.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Disturbance Kika moves west of the International Date Line.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Iselle reaches peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 999 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '08-16-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Iselle weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Iselle weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eleven-E forms 345 mi (555 km) south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eleven-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Julio.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Julio attains peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 998 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '08-25-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Julio makes landfall near La Paz, Mexico with winds of 45 mph (72 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Julio weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Julio weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Twelve-E forms 265 mi (426 km) south-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Twelve-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Karina. Simultaneously, Karina attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,000 mb (30 inHg).'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '06-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Cristina attains peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 999 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan strengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Hernan strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Fausto weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Genevieve weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Genevieve weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2008', 'event': 'The Central Pacific hurricane season officially begins.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Boris weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eight-E forms 250 mi (400 km) south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Six-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Elida.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Boris attains peak intensity with winds reaching 80 mph (130 km/h) and a central pressure of 985 mb (29.1 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Six-E forms 400 mi (640 km) southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Douglas attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,003 mb (29.6 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Five-E dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fausto weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Kika weakens into a tropical disturbance.'}, {'timestamp': '07-05-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Five-E forms 170 mi (270 km) south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Nine-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Hernan.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Two-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Boris.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Fausto weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Four-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Douglas.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Elida strengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Iselle reaches peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 999 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Julio weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Boris weakens back to a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Julio makes landfall near La Paz, Mexico with winds of 45 mph (72 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seven-E forms 560 mi (900 km) southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Elida weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Alma attains peak intensity with winds reaching 65 mph (105 km/h) and a central pressure of 994 mb (29.4 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Twelve-E forms 265 mi (426 km) south-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Four-E forms 280 mi (450 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Alma dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eleven-E forms 345 mi (555 km) south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Douglas weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eleven-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Julio.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2008', 'event': 'Genevieve attains peak intensity with winds reaching 75 mph (121 km/h) and a central pressure of 987 mb (29.1 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seven-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Fausto.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Boris strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Alma weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Julio attains peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 998 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Douglas weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Iselle weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Genevieve strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-16-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Iselle weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Disturbance Kika moves west of the International Date Line.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Kika attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,007 mb (29.7 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Elida strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Ten-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Iselle.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Cristina weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Hernan weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan weakens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Nine-E forms 700 mi (1,100 km) south of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Three-E forms 1,075 mi (1,730 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Elida weakens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Fausto attains peak intensity with winds reaching 95 mph (153 km/h) and a central pressure of 977 mb (28.9 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Genevieve weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-C forms 850 mi (1,370 km) southeast of Hilo, Hawaii.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Cristina weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Twelve-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Karina. Simultaneously, Karina attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,000 mb (30 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-E forms 105 mi (169 km) west-northwest of Cabo Blanco, Costa Rica.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eight-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Genevieve.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Two-E forms 570 mi (920 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Elida weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Alma makes landfall near Leon, Nicaragua.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Julio weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Elida weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Kika weakens back into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Kika restrengthens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Ten-E forms 210 mi (340 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2008', 'event': 'Hurricane Boris weakens back to a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Five-E attains peak intensity with winds reaching 35 mph (56 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,005 mb (29.7 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Fausto strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Kika weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan strengthens into a Category 3 major hurricane. Simultaneously, Hernan attains peak intensity with winds reaching 120 mph (190 km/h) and a central pressure of 956 mb (28.2 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2008', 'event': 'Elida attains its peak intensity with winds reaching 105 mph (169 km/h) and a central pressure of 970 mb (29 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Boris reintensifies into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Three-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Cristina.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2008', 'event': 'The 2008 Eastern Pacific hurricane season officially begins.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Boris weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2008', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Alma.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression One-C strengthens into Tropical Storm Kika.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Hernan weakens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}]
| 1
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Timeline of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season
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[{'timestamp': '09-03-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Karina weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Karina weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '09-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Thirteen-E forms 265 mi (426 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Thirteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Lowell.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Lowell attains peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 998 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '09-10-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Lowell weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Lowell makes landfall near Cabo San Lucas, Mexico with winds of 35 mph (56 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Lowell dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fourteen-E forms 590 mi (950 km) south-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fourteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Marie.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Marie strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Marie attains peak intensity with winds reaching 80 mph (130 km/h) and a central pressure of 984 mb (29.1 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fifteen-E forms 230 mi (370 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Marie weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fifteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Norbert.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Marie weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Marie weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Norbert strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert strengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert strengthens into a Category 3 major hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Sixteen-E forms 160 mi (260 km) southwest of San Salvador, El Salvador.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert strengthens into a Category 4 major hurricane. Simultaneously, Norbert attains peak intensity with winds reaching 130 mph (210 km/h) and a central pressure of 945 mb (27.9 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a Category 3 major hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Sixteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Odile.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert restrengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert restrengthens into a Category 3 major hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Odile attains peak intensity with winds reaching 60 mph (97 km/h) and a central pressure of 997 mb (29.4 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens back into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert makes first landfall near Puerto Chale, Mexico with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0000', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens back into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0400', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert makes second landfall near Huatabampo, Mexico with winds of 85 mph (137 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Odile weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0700', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1200', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Norbert weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1800', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Norbert dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-0000', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Odile weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seventeen-E forms 410 mi (660 km) south of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '10-24-1800', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seventeen-E weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '11-02-1200', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eighteen-E forms 990 mi (1,590 km) south of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '11-03-0000', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eighteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Polo.'}, {'timestamp': '11-03-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Polo attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,003 mb (29.6 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '11-05-0000', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Polo weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '11-05-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Polo dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30-2008', 'event': 'The 2008 Central and Eastern Pacific hurricane seasons end.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '09-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Thirteen-E forms 265 mi (426 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert makes first landfall near Puerto Chale, Mexico with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '09-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Thirteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Lowell.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Karina weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fourteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Marie.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Marie weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '10-24-1800', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seventeen-E weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a Category 3 major hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0400', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert makes second landfall near Huatabampo, Mexico with winds of 85 mph (137 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens back into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Marie strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Lowell attains peak intensity with winds reaching 50 mph (80 km/h) and a central pressure of 998 mb (29.5 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert strengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Sixteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Odile.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Lowell dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Odile weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Lowell weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Lowell makes landfall near Cabo San Lucas, Mexico with winds of 35 mph (56 km/h).'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert strengthens into a Category 4 major hurricane. Simultaneously, Norbert attains peak intensity with winds reaching 130 mph (210 km/h) and a central pressure of 945 mb (27.9 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Seventeen-E forms 410 mi (660 km) south of Manzanillo, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '11-05-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Polo dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Norbert strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fifteen-E forms 230 mi (370 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-0000', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Odile weakens into a remnant low.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fifteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Norbert.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0000', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens back into a Category 1 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '11-03-0600', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Polo attains peak intensity with winds reaching 40 mph (64 km/h) and a central pressure of 1,003 mb (29.6 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '11-30-2008', 'event': 'The 2008 Central and Eastern Pacific hurricane seasons end.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-0700', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Sixteen-E forms 160 mi (260 km) southwest of San Salvador, El Salvador.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Marie weakens into a tropical storm.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Marie weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert restrengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert restrengthens into a Category 3 major hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert strengthens into a Category 3 major hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Fourteen-E forms 590 mi (950 km) south-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Norbert weakens into a Category 2 hurricane.'}, {'timestamp': '11-05-0000', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Polo weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1800', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Norbert dissipates.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2023', 'event': 'Hurricane Marie attains peak intensity with winds reaching 80 mph (130 km/h) and a central pressure of 984 mb (29.1 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '11-02-1200', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eighteen-E forms 990 mi (1,590 km) south of the southern tip of Baja California.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1200', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Norbert weakens into a tropical depression.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Odile attains peak intensity with winds reaching 60 mph (97 km/h) and a central pressure of 997 mb (29.4 inHg).'}, {'timestamp': '11-03-0000', 'event': 'Tropical Depression Eighteen-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Polo.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-2023', 'event': 'Tropical Storm Karina weakens into a tropical depression.'}]
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Timeline of the Trump presidency (2017 Q1)
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[{'timestamp': '01-20-2017', 'event': 'inauguration as the 45th president of the United States'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-2017', 'event': 'the U.S. national debt stood at $19.8 trillion representing a quarterly decline of 0.65%.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-2017', 'event': "President Trump's approval rate at the end of March was 40.5%, down 5% from the start of his presidency."}]
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[{'timestamp': '03-31-2017', 'event': "President Trump's approval rate at the end of March was 40.5%, down 5% from the start of his presidency."}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2017', 'event': 'inauguration as the 45th president of the United States'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-2017', 'event': 'the U.S. national debt stood at $19.8 trillion representing a quarterly decline of 0.65%.'}]
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Timeline of the Israel-Hamas war (12 January 2024 - present)
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[{'timestamp': '02-14-2023', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that 103 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 28,576.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2023', 'event': 'Israel carried out its heaviest attack on Lebanon since the start of the war, killing four Hezbollah members and ten civilians in response to an attack from Lebanon at the IDF Northern Command headquarters in Safed which killed a female Israeli soldier and wounded eight others.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2023', 'event': "The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and PIJ both claimed small arms fire targeting Mairav, a town near the West Bank, there were no injuries."}, {'timestamp': '02-15-2023', 'event': "Israeli troops raided Nasser Medical Complex in what it described as a 'limited operation against Hamas', claiming it had credible evidence that Hamas held hostages there."}, {'timestamp': '02-15-2023', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 87 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 28,663.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16-2023', 'event': 'Israel announced that another soldier of the Paratroopers Brigade was killed fighting in southern Gaza the day prior and several others injured, bringing the IDF death toll there to 234.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16-2023', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that 112 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 28,775.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2023', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 83 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 28,858.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2023', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that 127 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 28,985.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2023', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that 107 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 29,092.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 32 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,388.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-2024', 'event': 'The sole Catholic priest in the Gaza Strip, Gabriel Romanelli, reported that at least 33 Christians were killed since the start of the war, which is three percent of the total Christian population in the Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-2024', 'event': 'Israeli forces opened fire on people at the Salem checkpoint west of Jenin, killing two Palestinian men and injuring two others.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-2024', 'event': 'An Israeli bombing on the Sultan neighborhood of the Nuseirat camp killed four people including a baby girl.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-2024', 'event': 'Four other people were killed and at least 30 were injured by a strike on another house on the same camp.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-2024', 'event': 'Israeli strikes on the Saudi neighborhood west of Rafah killed five people including two children.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-2024', 'event': 'A Houthi missile hit and damaged the British-owned Oil-Tanker MV Andromeda Star and downed a US MQ-9 Reaper drone.'}, {'timestamp': '04-28-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 66 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,454.'}, {'timestamp': '04-28-2024', 'event': 'More than 270 Israeli settlers entered the Al-Asqa compound with IDF protection.'}, {'timestamp': '04-29-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 34 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,488.'}, {'timestamp': '04-29-2024', 'event': 'At least 20 Palestinians were killed in strikes in Rafah and four Palestinians were killed in strikes in Gaza City.'}, {'timestamp': '04-29-2024', 'event': 'Israel announced that a soldier of the Yiftach Brigade and a soldier of the Carmeli Brigade were killed the day prior fighting in central Gaza, bringing the IDF death toll there to 263.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 47 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,535.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2024', 'event': 'The Palestinian Civil Defence stated that over 10,000 missing bodies were buried under rubble inside the Gaza Strip, causing disease outbreaks and epidemics across the strip.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2024', 'event': "A 34 year-old Turkish man was shot dead by Israeli forces in Jerusalem's Old City after attempting to stab an Israeli police officer."}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2024', 'event': 'An Israeli attack on al-Zahra in central Gaza killed at least two people.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2024', 'event': 'Israeli forces assaulted and killed a Palestinian man in Ad-Dhahiriya, southwest of Hebron.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 33 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,568.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2024', 'event': 'An overnight Israeli airstrike on a house in Rafah killed two children.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2024', 'event': 'Two Jordanian aid convoys were attacked by Israeli settlers while on their way to Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2024', 'event': 'Israeli settlers also blocked humanitarian aid trucks heading towards Gaza from Ashdod Port.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2024', 'event': 'Israeli forces raided the village of Berin, east of Hebron, where they demolished a Palestinian family home and a water well.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2024', 'event': 'One person was killed after Israeli forces opened fire on al-Rashid street near the Wadi Gaza checkpoint.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2024', 'event': 'The Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed two drone strikes targeting "vital targets" in the occupied Golan Heights and Eilat.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 28 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,596.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': "A 58-year-old Israeli man was arrested for trying to attack Netanyahu's convoy in Tel Aviv."}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'An Israeli airstrike on a group of people in Bureij camp killed five people, including a child.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'Iran announced sanctions on several American and British individuals and entities for their support on Israel in its war on Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'Israeli shelled agricultural land in the north of Nuseirat refugee camp, injuring at least 10 people.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'The IAF bombed a residential building in the Zeitoun neighbourhood near Gaza City, killing at least two civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'Israeli forces struck the city of az-Zahra, north of Nuseirat camp, killing at least six people.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': "It also targeted the Qaa al-Qurain, Bani Suheila, Abasan al-Kabira and Khuza'a neighborhoods in Khan Yunis, killing one civilian and injuring more."}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'Turkey suspended trade with Israel due to the humanitarian situation in Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'Colombian president Gustavo Petro announced the cutting of diplomatic ties with Israel over its war on Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'The Islamic resistance in Iraq claimed a two long ranged missile attack targeting Beer Sheva and Tel Aviv.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'The Iran-backed Bahraini group Al-Ashtar Brigades claimed a strike that targeted the headquarters of the Israeli transportation company Trucknet Enterprise in Eilat.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'It also claimed that it was a part of a larger group called the Islamic Resistance in Bahrain and promised more attacks on Israel until the end of the war.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': "The al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades clashed with Israeli troops using IEDs in Jalzone, near Ramallah."}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2024', 'event': 'Trinidad and Tobago officially recognized the State of Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '05-03-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 26 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,622.'}, {'timestamp': '05-03-2024', 'event': 'Israeli forces recovered a body of a man under rubble of a house it demolished in Deir al-Ghusun, north of Tulkarm.'}, {'timestamp': '05-03-2024', 'event': 'The IDF blocked ambulances from reaching the person eight hours before.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 32 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,654.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2024', 'event': 'Five Palestinians were killed by Israeli forces during an ongoing raid on a house in Deir al-Ghusun, near Tulkarm, bringing the total to six Palestinians killed since 3 May.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2024', 'event': 'A young Palestinian man was critically injured after Israeli forces shot him in the chest in Shuweika, near Tulkarm.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2024', 'event': 'Israeli forces shelled a mosque in Al-Fukhari, east of Khan Yunis.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2024', 'event': 'The Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed to have used an "Arqab" cruise missile to conduct a long range missile attack targeting the Port of Haifa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'A Hamas rocket attack from Rafah onto Kerem Shalom killed four Israeli soldiers of the Nahal Brigade and wounded ten others, raising the IDF death toll to 267.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-14-2023', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that 103 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 28,576.'}]
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Timeline of the Israel-Hamas war (12 January 2024 - present)
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[{'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'Israel closed the Kerem Shalom border crossing in response.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 29 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,683.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': "The Israeli cabinet voted to shut down Al-Jazeera's operations in Israel and the Occupied Territories."}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'Police subsequently raided its offices.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'Israeli attacks on Rafah killed at least 19 people.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 52 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,735.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'Overnight Israeli bombardment killed 22 people in Rafah, including eight children.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'The Palestinian Mujahideen Brigades claimed that its fighters along with the Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades destroyed an IDF site in the Netzarim Corridor with a barrage of short-range rockets.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'The IAF dropped leaflets on the eastern parts of Rafah, telling the Palestinians sheltering in the Brazil Camp, al-Shabura and al-Zohour neighborhoods to flee to al-Mawasi, claiming that the displacements will be "temporary".'}]
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[{'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 29 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,683.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'Police subsequently raided its offices.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': "The Israeli cabinet voted to shut down Al-Jazeera's operations in Israel and the Occupied Territories."}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'The IAF dropped leaflets on the eastern parts of Rafah, telling the Palestinians sheltering in the Brazil Camp, al-Shabura and al-Zohour neighborhoods to flee to al-Mawasi, claiming that the displacements will be "temporary".'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'Israel closed the Kerem Shalom border crossing in response.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'Overnight Israeli bombardment killed 22 people in Rafah, including eight children.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2024', 'event': 'Israeli attacks on Rafah killed at least 19 people.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'The Palestinian Mujahideen Brigades claimed that its fighters along with the Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades destroyed an IDF site in the Netzarim Corridor with a barrage of short-range rockets.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2024', 'event': 'The Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 52 Palestinians were killed in Israeli attacks in the past 24 hours, bringing the Palestinian death toll to 34,735.'}]
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Timeline of United States history (1820–1859)
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[{'timestamp': '1820', 'event': 'Massachusetts divided in two with the admission of Maine as a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1820', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1820: James Monroe reelected president unopposed, Daniel D. Tompkins reelected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1821', 'event': 'President Monroe and Vice President Tompkins begin their second terms.'}, {'timestamp': '1821', 'event': 'Missouri becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1821', 'event': 'Florida becomes a U.S. territory; the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty goes into effect.'}, {'timestamp': '1823', 'event': 'Monroe Doctrine proclaimed.'}, {'timestamp': '1824', 'event': "Gibbons v. Ogden (22 US 1 1824) affirms federal over state authority in interstate commerce. Gibbons' business partner is Cornelius Vanderbilt."}, {'timestamp': '1824', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1824: Presidential results inconclusive. John C. Calhoun elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1825', 'event': 'John Quincy Adams elected president by the House of Representatives.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1825', 'event': 'Adams becomes the sixth president; Calhoun becomes the seventh vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1825', 'event': 'Erie Canal is finally completed.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-1826', 'event': 'Former presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on the same day, which happens to be on the fiftieth anniversary of the approval of the Declaration of independence.'}, {'timestamp': '1828', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1828: Andrew Jackson elected president; John C. Calhoun reelected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-1828', 'event': 'First Lady-designate Rachel Jackson dies of a heart attack.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1829', 'event': 'Jackson becomes the seventh president; Vice President Calhoun begins second term.'}, {'timestamp': '1830', 'event': 'Indian Removal Act.'}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': "Nat Turner's revolt."}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': 'The Liberator begins publication in 1831.'}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': 'Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical reaper.'}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': 'Petticoat affair (also known as the Eaton affair).'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Worcester v. State of Georgia the Supreme Court rules in favor of Cherokees; President Jackson ignores the ruling.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Maria Stewart is the first black American woman to give speech in front of a mixed audience.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Black Hawk War.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Tariff of 1832.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Ordinance of Nullification passed by South Carolina.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Department of Indian Affairs established.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': '1832 United States presidential election: Andrew Jackson reelected president; Martin Van Buren elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Jackson vetoes the charter renewal of the Second Bank of the United States, bringing to a head the Bank War and ultimately leading to the Panic of 1837.'}, {'timestamp': '12-28-1832', 'event': 'Calhoun resigns as vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1833', 'event': 'The Force Bill expands presidential powers.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1833', 'event': 'President Jackson begins second term; Van Buren becomes the eighth vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1834', 'event': 'Slavery debates at Lane Theological Seminary are one of the first major public discussions of the topic.'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': 'Mexican President Santa Anna annuls the 1824 constitution, precipitating a civil war which spawns the Texas War for Independence.'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': "Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America published."}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': 'Second Seminole War begins in Florida as members of the Seminole tribe resist relocation.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': "Mexican President Santa Anna's army defeats Texas rebels at Battle of the Alamo."}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Battle of Goliad.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Santa Anna deposed after losing the Battle of San Jacinto and recognizing Texan independence.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Creek War of 1836.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Samuel Colt invents the revolver.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Original "gag rule" imposed when U.S. House of Representatives bars discussion of antislavery petitions.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Specie Circular issued.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Arkansas becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Texas is the Lone Star Republic.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1836: Martin Van Buren elected president, no one is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Richard M. Johnson elected vice president by the Senate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1837', 'event': 'Van Buren becomes the eighth president; Johnson becomes the ninth vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'U.S. recognizes the Republic of Texas.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Caroline affair.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Michigan becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Oberlin College begins enrolling female students, becoming first coeducational college in the U.S.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Panic of 1837.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge reverses Dartmouth College v. Woodward: property rights can be overridden by public eyed.'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Forced removal of the Cherokee Nation from the southeastern U.S. leads to over 4,000 deaths in the Trail of Tears.'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Aroostook War.'}, {'timestamp': '1839', 'event': 'Amistad case.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': '1840 United States presidential election: William Henry Harrison is elected president; John Tyler is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1841', 'event': 'John Quincy Adams argues the Amistad Case before the Supreme Court.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1841', 'event': 'Harrison becomes the ninth president; Tyler becomes the tenth vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1841', 'event': 'Supreme Court finds for Amistad defendants, freeing them.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-1841', 'event': 'President Harrison dies after only a month in office.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-1841', 'event': 'Vice President Tyler becomes the tenth president.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-1841', 'event': "Tyler's cabinet resigns en masse. Only Daniel Webster remains."}, {'timestamp': '1842', 'event': 'Webster–Ashburton Treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '1842', 'event': 'The Dorr Rebellion: A civil war in Rhode Island.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-1842', 'event': 'Attempted impeachment of President Tyler.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Emigrants begin their journey along the Oregon Trail.'}, {'timestamp': '12-1844', 'event': 'Oregon passes its Black Exclusion Law.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-1844', 'event': 'Mormon leader, Joseph Smith Jr. assassinated.'}, {'timestamp': '1844', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1844, James K. Polk is elected president; George M. Dallas is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Texas annexation.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1845', 'event': 'Polk becomes the 11th president; Dallas becomes the 11th vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Florida and Texas become states.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Dred Scott sues for his freedom.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'The Mexican–American War begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Bear Flag revolt in Alta California, which is momentarily independent.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Iowa becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Wilmot Proviso.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'The United States and Great Britain sign the Oregon Treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Abraham Lincoln introduces himself to the world by his introduction of the Spot Resolutions in the House.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Battle of Buena Vista.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Battle of Veracruz.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican–American War.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Wisconsin becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Seneca Falls Convention.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1848; Zachary Taylor is elected president; Millard Fillmore is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1849', 'event': 'Taylor becomes the 12th president; Fillmore becomes the 12th vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1849', 'event': 'California Gold Rush begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'Clayton–Bulwer Treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'President Taylor threatens to veto Compromise of 1850 even if it means Civil War.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-1850', 'event': 'The secessionist Nashville Convention held in Nashville, Tennessee.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-1850', 'event': 'President Taylor dies, Vice President Fillmore becomes the 13th president.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-1850', 'event': 'The Compromise of 1850, including the notorious Fugitive Slave Act passed.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-1850', 'event': 'California becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '11-1850', 'event': 'Nashville Convention reconvenes; Satisfied with the Compromise, it declares the Union intact-for the moment.'}, {'timestamp': '1852', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1852: Franklin Pierce elected president; William R. King elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1853', 'event': 'Commodore Matthew Perry opens Japan.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1853', 'event': 'Pierce becomes the 14th president; King becomes the 13th vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1853', 'event': 'Vice President King dies after only six weeks in office.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Gadsden Purchase from Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Kansas–Nebraska Act; nullified Missouri Compromise.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Ostend Manifesto.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Whig Party collapses.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Treaty of Kanagawa with Japan.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Walker Expedition into Nicaragua.'}, {'timestamp': '1854-1855', 'event': 'Know-Nothing Party, mushroom growth and sudden collapse.'}, {'timestamp': '1855', 'event': "The Farmers' High School, which becomes Penn State University is founded."}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'Sack of Lawrence, Kansas.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'Pottawatomie massacre.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner with his walking stick on the steps of the U.S. Capitol building.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '06-03-1850', 'event': 'The secessionist Nashville Convention held in Nashville, Tennessee.'}, {'timestamp': '1821', 'event': 'Florida becomes a U.S. territory; the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty goes into effect.'}, {'timestamp': '1830', 'event': 'Indian Removal Act.'}, {'timestamp': '1824', 'event': "Gibbons v. Ogden (22 US 1 1824) affirms federal over state authority in interstate commerce. Gibbons' business partner is Cornelius Vanderbilt."}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1853', 'event': 'Pierce becomes the 14th president; King becomes the 13th vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1842', 'event': 'The Dorr Rebellion: A civil war in Rhode Island.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge reverses Dartmouth College v. Woodward: property rights can be overridden by public eyed.'}, {'timestamp': '1825', 'event': 'John Quincy Adams elected president by the House of Representatives.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': '1832 United States presidential election: Andrew Jackson reelected president; Martin Van Buren elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'Pottawatomie massacre.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Black Hawk War.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Jackson vetoes the charter renewal of the Second Bank of the United States, bringing to a head the Bank War and ultimately leading to the Panic of 1837.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1853', 'event': 'Vice President King dies after only six weeks in office.'}, {'timestamp': '1853', 'event': 'Commodore Matthew Perry opens Japan.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-1850', 'event': 'President Taylor dies, Vice President Fillmore becomes the 13th president.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1829', 'event': 'Jackson becomes the seventh president; Vice President Calhoun begins second term.'}, {'timestamp': '1834', 'event': 'Slavery debates at Lane Theological Seminary are one of the first major public discussions of the topic.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1837', 'event': 'Van Buren becomes the eighth president; Johnson becomes the ninth vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': 'Second Seminole War begins in Florida as members of the Seminole tribe resist relocation.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Wisconsin becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'Sack of Lawrence, Kansas.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Treaty of Kanagawa with Japan.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Iowa becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Aroostook War.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Wilmot Proviso.'}, {'timestamp': '1839', 'event': 'Amistad case.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner with his walking stick on the steps of the U.S. Capitol building.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Santa Anna deposed after losing the Battle of San Jacinto and recognizing Texan independence.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1845', 'event': 'Polk becomes the 11th president; Dallas becomes the 11th vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Dred Scott sues for his freedom.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': "Mexican President Santa Anna's army defeats Texas rebels at Battle of the Alamo."}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Ostend Manifesto.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Panic of 1837.'}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': 'Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical reaper.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-1841', 'event': 'President Harrison dies after only a month in office.'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': 'Mexican President Santa Anna annuls the 1824 constitution, precipitating a civil war which spawns the Texas War for Independence.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Bear Flag revolt in Alta California, which is momentarily independent.'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Texas annexation.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Original "gag rule" imposed when U.S. House of Representatives bars discussion of antislavery petitions.'}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'Clayton–Bulwer Treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '1824', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1824: Presidential results inconclusive. John C. Calhoun elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1833', 'event': 'President Jackson begins second term; Van Buren becomes the eighth vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1836: Martin Van Buren elected president, no one is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Worcester v. State of Georgia the Supreme Court rules in favor of Cherokees; President Jackson ignores the ruling.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'The United States and Great Britain sign the Oregon Treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '1833', 'event': 'The Force Bill expands presidential powers.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican–American War.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Maria Stewart is the first black American woman to give speech in front of a mixed audience.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Michigan becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1820', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1820: James Monroe reelected president unopposed, Daniel D. Tompkins reelected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-1850', 'event': 'California becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': 'The Liberator begins publication in 1831.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1849', 'event': 'Taylor becomes the 12th president; Fillmore becomes the 12th vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1844', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1844, James K. Polk is elected president; George M. Dallas is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1821', 'event': 'President Monroe and Vice President Tompkins begin their second terms.'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': "Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America published."}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Texas is the Lone Star Republic.'}, {'timestamp': '12-1844', 'event': 'Oregon passes its Black Exclusion Law.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Battle of Veracruz.'}, {'timestamp': '1820', 'event': 'Massachusetts divided in two with the admission of Maine as a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1841', 'event': 'John Quincy Adams argues the Amistad Case before the Supreme Court.'}, {'timestamp': '12-28-1832', 'event': 'Calhoun resigns as vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1848; Zachary Taylor is elected president; Millard Fillmore is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1842', 'event': 'Webster–Ashburton Treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Ordinance of Nullification passed by South Carolina.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Walker Expedition into Nicaragua.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Richard M. Johnson elected vice president by the Senate.'}, {'timestamp': '11-1850', 'event': 'Nashville Convention reconvenes; Satisfied with the Compromise, it declares the Union intact-for the moment.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1841', 'event': 'Supreme Court finds for Amistad defendants, freeing them.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-1826', 'event': 'Former presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on the same day, which happens to be on the fiftieth anniversary of the approval of the Declaration of independence.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'The Mexican–American War begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Samuel Colt invents the revolver.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Specie Circular issued.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Battle of Goliad.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Kansas–Nebraska Act; nullified Missouri Compromise.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Emigrants begin their journey along the Oregon Trail.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Department of Indian Affairs established.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Gadsden Purchase from Mexico.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Seneca Falls Convention.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-1850', 'event': 'The Compromise of 1850, including the notorious Fugitive Slave Act passed.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-1844', 'event': 'Mormon leader, Joseph Smith Jr. assassinated.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': '1840 United States presidential election: William Henry Harrison is elected president; John Tyler is elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'President Taylor threatens to veto Compromise of 1850 even if it means Civil War.'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Florida and Texas become states.'}, {'timestamp': '1828', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1828: Andrew Jackson elected president; John C. Calhoun reelected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'U.S. recognizes the Republic of Texas.'}, {'timestamp': '1825', 'event': 'Erie Canal is finally completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1852', 'event': 'U.S. presidential election, 1852: Franklin Pierce elected president; William R. King elected vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': "Nat Turner's revolt."}, {'timestamp': '1821', 'event': 'Missouri becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-1828', 'event': 'First Lady-designate Rachel Jackson dies of a heart attack.'}, {'timestamp': '1854-1855', 'event': 'Know-Nothing Party, mushroom growth and sudden collapse.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Creek War of 1836.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Abraham Lincoln introduces himself to the world by his introduction of the Spot Resolutions in the House.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-1842', 'event': 'Attempted impeachment of President Tyler.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Oberlin College begins enrolling female students, becoming first coeducational college in the U.S.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-1841', 'event': "Tyler's cabinet resigns en masse. Only Daniel Webster remains."}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Forced removal of the Cherokee Nation from the southeastern U.S. leads to over 4,000 deaths in the Trail of Tears.'}, {'timestamp': '1849', 'event': 'California Gold Rush begins.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1825', 'event': 'Adams becomes the sixth president; Calhoun becomes the seventh vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1854', 'event': 'Whig Party collapses.'}, {'timestamp': '1831', 'event': 'Petticoat affair (also known as the Eaton affair).'}, {'timestamp': '1855', 'event': "The Farmers' High School, which becomes Penn State University is founded."}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Caroline affair.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Tariff of 1832.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Battle of Buena Vista.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-1841', 'event': 'Vice President Tyler becomes the tenth president.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1841', 'event': 'Harrison becomes the ninth president; Tyler becomes the tenth vice president.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Arkansas becomes a state.'}, {'timestamp': '1823', 'event': 'Monroe Doctrine proclaimed.'}]
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Timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
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[{'timestamp': '05:30', 'event': 'In order to release some of the pressure inside the containment at unit 1, the decision is made to vent some of the steam (which contained a small amount of radioactive material) into the air, despite the risk of hydrogen (produced from the water in the reactor) igniting after combining with oxygen.'}, {'timestamp': '05:50', 'event': 'Fresh water injection into reactor 1 is started.'}, {'timestamp': '06:50', 'event': 'Although unknown at the time, the core of reactor 1 has now completely melted and falls to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.'}, {'timestamp': '10:09', 'event': 'TEPCO confirms that a small amount of vapor has been released into the air to release pressure in reactor unit 1 at Fukushima I.'}, {'timestamp': '10:58', 'event': 'Pressure remains too high inside reactor unit 2 at Fukushima I. In order to alleviate some of this pressure, a decision is made to vent radioactive vapor into the air.'}, {'timestamp': '14:00', 'event': 'Operators open the containment venting line of unit 1 and receive confirmation of steam release to the atmosphere at 14:30.'}, {'timestamp': '14:50', 'event': 'Fresh water injection into reactor 1 is halted.'}, {'timestamp': '15:30', 'event': 'Evacuation of residents within 3 km of Fukushima II and within 10 km of Fukushima I is underway.'}, {'timestamp': '15:30', 'event': 'Workers complete connection cabling to the Unit 2 SLC pumps, powering up the mobile generator outside Unit 2.'}, {'timestamp': '15:36', 'event': 'There is a massive hydrogen explosion in the reactor building of unit 1. The primary containment is not damaged, but there is extensive damage to the secondary containment (the reactor building). Five workers are injured.'}, {'timestamp': '19:00', 'event': 'Seawater injection into reactor 1 is started. TEPCO orders Daiichi to cease seawater injection at 19:25, but Daiichi plant boss Masao Yoshida orders workers to continue with the seawater injection.'}, {'timestamp': '21:40', 'event': 'The evacuation zone around Fukushima I is extended to 20 km, and the evacuation zone around Fukushima II is extended to 10 km.'}, {'timestamp': '02:42', 'event': 'The high pressure coolant injection system for reactor 3 stops and, shortly thereafter, the water level within the reactor starts falling.'}, {'timestamp': '05:10', 'event': 'Fukushima I Unit 1 is declared as an INES Level-4 "accident with local consequences" event.'}, {'timestamp': '07:00', 'event': '(approximate): The water level in reactor 3 reaches the top of the fuel.'}, {'timestamp': '09:00', 'event': 'Core damage starts occurring in reactor 3.'}, {'timestamp': '13:00', 'event': 'At 13:00 JST reactors 1 and 3 are vented to release overpressure and then re-filled with water and boric acid for cooling, and to inhibit further nuclear reactions.'}, {'timestamp': '11:01', 'event': 'The unit 3 reactor building explodes. According to TEPCO, there was no release of radioactive material beyond that already being vented, but blast damage affected the water supply to unit 2. 11 workers were injured in the explosion.'}, {'timestamp': '13:15', 'event': 'The reactor core isolation cooling system for reactor 2 stops and, shortly afterwards, the water level within the reactor starts falling.'}, {'timestamp': '15:00', 'event': 'A major part of the fuel in reactor 3 drops to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.'}, {'timestamp': '18:00', 'event': '(approximate): The water level in reactor 2 reaches the top of the fuel.'}, {'timestamp': '20:00', 'event': 'Core damage starts occurring in reactor 2.'}, {'timestamp': '06:00', 'event': '(approx.): According to TEPCO, an explosion damaged the 4th floor area above the reactor and spent-fuel pool of the Unit 4 reactor.'}, {'timestamp': '20:00', 'event': 'A majority of the fuel in reactor 2 drops to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.'}, {'timestamp': '14:30', 'event': 'At approximately 14:30 TEPCO announces its belief that the fuel rod storage pool of unit 4 – which is located outside the containment area – may have begun boiling.'}, {'timestamp': '03:00', 'event': 'Tokyo Fire Department dispatches thirty fire engines with 139 fire-fighters and a trained rescue team at approximately 03:00 JST, including a fire truck with a 22-metre water tower.'}, {'timestamp': '11:00', 'event': 'Japanese authorities upgrade INES ratings for cooling loss and core damage at unit 1 to level 5, and issue the same rating for units 2 and 3.'}, {'timestamp': '19:00', 'event': 'A second group of 100 Tokyo and 53 Osaka firefighters replaces the previous team.'}, {'timestamp': '20:00', 'event': 'External power is reconnected to unit 2, but work continues to make the equipment operational.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '14:50', 'event': 'Fresh water injection into reactor 1 is halted.'}, {'timestamp': '13:15', 'event': 'The reactor core isolation cooling system for reactor 2 stops and, shortly afterwards, the water level within the reactor starts falling.'}, {'timestamp': '20:00', 'event': 'A majority of the fuel in reactor 2 drops to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.'}, {'timestamp': '09:00', 'event': 'Core damage starts occurring in reactor 3.'}, {'timestamp': '14:30', 'event': 'At approximately 14:30 TEPCO announces its belief that the fuel rod storage pool of unit 4 – which is located outside the containment area – may have begun boiling.'}, {'timestamp': '07:00', 'event': '(approximate): The water level in reactor 3 reaches the top of the fuel.'}, {'timestamp': '18:00', 'event': '(approximate): The water level in reactor 2 reaches the top of the fuel.'}, {'timestamp': '19:00', 'event': 'A second group of 100 Tokyo and 53 Osaka firefighters replaces the previous team.'}, {'timestamp': '19:00', 'event': 'Seawater injection into reactor 1 is started. TEPCO orders Daiichi to cease seawater injection at 19:25, but Daiichi plant boss Masao Yoshida orders workers to continue with the seawater injection.'}, {'timestamp': '03:00', 'event': 'Tokyo Fire Department dispatches thirty fire engines with 139 fire-fighters and a trained rescue team at approximately 03:00 JST, including a fire truck with a 22-metre water tower.'}, {'timestamp': '14:00', 'event': 'Operators open the containment venting line of unit 1 and receive confirmation of steam release to the atmosphere at 14:30.'}, {'timestamp': '06:50', 'event': 'Although unknown at the time, the core of reactor 1 has now completely melted and falls to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.'}, {'timestamp': '06:00', 'event': '(approx.): According to TEPCO, an explosion damaged the 4th floor area above the reactor and spent-fuel pool of the Unit 4 reactor.'}, {'timestamp': '15:00', 'event': 'A major part of the fuel in reactor 3 drops to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.'}, {'timestamp': '20:00', 'event': 'External power is reconnected to unit 2, but work continues to make the equipment operational.'}, {'timestamp': '10:58', 'event': 'Pressure remains too high inside reactor unit 2 at Fukushima I. In order to alleviate some of this pressure, a decision is made to vent radioactive vapor into the air.'}, {'timestamp': '21:40', 'event': 'The evacuation zone around Fukushima I is extended to 20 km, and the evacuation zone around Fukushima II is extended to 10 km.'}, {'timestamp': '20:00', 'event': 'Core damage starts occurring in reactor 2.'}, {'timestamp': '11:01', 'event': 'The unit 3 reactor building explodes. According to TEPCO, there was no release of radioactive material beyond that already being vented, but blast damage affected the water supply to unit 2. 11 workers were injured in the explosion.'}, {'timestamp': '02:42', 'event': 'The high pressure coolant injection system for reactor 3 stops and, shortly thereafter, the water level within the reactor starts falling.'}, {'timestamp': '05:50', 'event': 'Fresh water injection into reactor 1 is started.'}, {'timestamp': '05:10', 'event': 'Fukushima I Unit 1 is declared as an INES Level-4 "accident with local consequences" event.'}, {'timestamp': '15:30', 'event': 'Evacuation of residents within 3 km of Fukushima II and within 10 km of Fukushima I is underway.'}, {'timestamp': '10:09', 'event': 'TEPCO confirms that a small amount of vapor has been released into the air to release pressure in reactor unit 1 at Fukushima I.'}, {'timestamp': '11:00', 'event': 'Japanese authorities upgrade INES ratings for cooling loss and core damage at unit 1 to level 5, and issue the same rating for units 2 and 3.'}, {'timestamp': '15:36', 'event': 'There is a massive hydrogen explosion in the reactor building of unit 1. The primary containment is not damaged, but there is extensive damage to the secondary containment (the reactor building). Five workers are injured.'}, {'timestamp': '05:30', 'event': 'In order to release some of the pressure inside the containment at unit 1, the decision is made to vent some of the steam (which contained a small amount of radioactive material) into the air, despite the risk of hydrogen (produced from the water in the reactor) igniting after combining with oxygen.'}, {'timestamp': '13:00', 'event': 'At 13:00 JST reactors 1 and 3 are vented to release overpressure and then re-filled with water and boric acid for cooling, and to inhibit further nuclear reactions.'}, {'timestamp': '15:30', 'event': 'Workers complete connection cabling to the Unit 2 SLC pumps, powering up the mobile generator outside Unit 2.'}]
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Timeline of Rouen
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[{'timestamp': '5th century', 'event': 'Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen created.'}, {'timestamp': '586', 'event': 'Prætextatus (bishop of Rouen) assassinated.'}, {'timestamp': '841', 'event': 'Town besieged by Vikings.'}, {'timestamp': '911', 'event': 'Rollo takes power.'}, {'timestamp': '912', 'event': 'Rouen becomes capital of Duchy of Normandy.'}, {'timestamp': '1087', 'event': 'Death of William the Conqueror at Priory of St Gervase.'}, {'timestamp': '1150', 'event': 'Founding charter.'}, {'timestamp': '1200', 'event': 'Cathedral burns down.'}, {'timestamp': '1202', 'event': 'Rouen Cathedral construction begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1204', 'event': 'Philip II of France in power.'}, {'timestamp': '1210', 'event': 'Rouen Castle built.'}, {'timestamp': '1306', 'event': 'Jews expelled.'}, {'timestamp': '1318', 'event': 'Church of St. Ouen construction begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1382', 'event': 'Harelle revolt.'}, {'timestamp': '1389', 'event': 'Tour de la Grosse Horloge built.'}, {'timestamp': '1418', 'event': 'Siege of Rouen.'}, {'timestamp': '1419', 'event': 'Henry V of England takes power.'}, {'timestamp': '1431', 'event': 'Joan of Arc executed.'}, {'timestamp': '1432', 'event': 'Church of Saint-Maclou construction begins (approximate date).'}, {'timestamp': '1449', 'event': 'Charles VII of France takes power.'}, {'timestamp': '1486', 'event': 'Puy (society) Confrérie de la Conception de Notre Dame formed.'}, {'timestamp': '1487', 'event': 'Printing press in operation.'}, {'timestamp': '1499', 'event': 'Parlement de Normandie begins meeting in Rouen.'}, {'timestamp': '1499', 'event': 'Exchequer of Normandy installed.'}, {'timestamp': '1508', 'event': 'Palais de Justice built.'}, {'timestamp': '1550', 'event': "Entry into Rouen of Henri II and Catherine de' Medici."}, {'timestamp': '1562', 'event': 'Siege of Rouen.'}, {'timestamp': '1583', 'event': 'Codified Norman law published.'}, {'timestamp': '1591', 'event': 'Siege of Rouen.'}, {'timestamp': '1593', 'event': 'Collège de Bourbon established.'}, {'timestamp': '1606', 'event': '6 June: Birth of Pierre Corneille.'}, {'timestamp': '1642', 'event': "Pascal's calculator invented."}, {'timestamp': '1673', 'event': 'Rouen manufactory of porcelain in operation.'}, {'timestamp': '1703', 'event': 'Chamber of Commerce created.'}, {'timestamp': '1734', 'event': 'School of surgery founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1744', 'event': 'Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Rouen founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1749', 'event': 'Porte Guillaume-Lion built.'}, {'timestamp': '1758', 'event': 'Hospital opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1785', 'event': 'Le Journal de Normandie newspaper begins publication.'}, {'timestamp': '1790', 'event': 'Rouen becomes part of the Seine Inférieure souveraineté.'}, {'timestamp': '1793', 'event': 'Population: 84,323.'}, {'timestamp': '1801', 'event': 'Cantons of Rouen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 created.'}, {'timestamp': '1801', 'event': 'Musée des Beaux-Arts founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1809', 'event': 'Rouen Public Library opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1821', 'event': '12 December: Birth of Gustave Flaubert.'}, {'timestamp': '1828', 'event': "Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Rouen founded."}, {'timestamp': '1834', 'event': 'Musée départemental des antiquités (Rouen) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Population: 92,083.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': 'Jardin des Plantes opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Railway to Paris begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Rouen-Rive-Droite station opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1851', 'event': 'Population: 100,265.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': "Flaubert's fiction novel Madame Bovary published (set in Rouen)."}, {'timestamp': '1864', 'event': 'Rouen Ceramic Museum established.'}, {'timestamp': '1867', 'event': 'Rouen-Martainville station opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1869', 'event': "Société de l'histoire de Normandie founded."}, {'timestamp': '1870', 'event': 'Prussian occupation.'}, {'timestamp': '1871', 'event': 'Rouen Business School established.'}, {'timestamp': '1874', 'event': 'Église Saint-Gervais de Rouen rebuilt.'}, {'timestamp': '1876', 'event': 'Population: 104,902.'}, {'timestamp': '1877', 'event': 'Trams begin operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1879', 'event': 'Société de géographie de Rouen founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1880', 'event': 'Musee-Bibliothèque built.'}, {'timestamp': '1883', 'event': 'Rouen Orléans station (rail station) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1888', 'event': 'Pont Boieldieu (bridge) constructed.'}, {'timestamp': '1891', 'event': 'Photo-club rouennais formed.'}, {'timestamp': '1892', 'event': 'Artist Monet begins painting cathedral series.'}, {'timestamp': '1899', 'event': 'FC Rouen sport club formed.'}, {'timestamp': '1906', 'event': 'Population: 118,459.'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'Norman Museum opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'Population: 124,987.'}, {'timestamp': '1917', 'event': 'Stadium opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1926', 'event': 'Rubis Terminal chemical storage site established in Le Grand-Quevilly.'}, {'timestamp': '1940', 'event': 'June 9: German occupation begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1942', 'event': 'Subcamp of the Stalag 356 prisoner-of-war camp established by the Germans.'}, {'timestamp': '1944', 'event': 'April: Subcamp of the V SS construction brigade established. The prisoners were mostly Poles and Soviets.'}, {'timestamp': '1944', 'event': '30 May-5 June: City bombed during the Semaine rouge (Rouen).'}, {'timestamp': '1944', 'event': 'August: Subcamp of the V SS construction brigade dissolved. Surviving prisoners deported to the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp.'}, {'timestamp': '1944', 'event': 'August 15: German occupation ends.'}, {'timestamp': '1950', 'event': 'Rouen-Les-Essarts racetrack opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1953', 'event': "Musée Jeanne-d'Arc established."}, {'timestamp': '1955', 'event': 'Pont Boieldieu rebuilt.'}, {'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'Rouen twinned with Norwich, United Kingdom.'}, {'timestamp': '1965', 'event': 'Archives department of Seine-Maritime building constructed.'}, {'timestamp': '1966', 'event': 'University of Rouen founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1966', 'event': 'Rouen twinned with Hanover, West Germany.'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'Church of St Joan of Arc built.'}, {'timestamp': '1982', 'event': 'Dragons de Rouen ice hockey team formed.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'City becomes regional capital of Upper Normandy.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'Restaurant Gill in business.'}, {'timestamp': '1985', 'event': 'Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen established.'}, {'timestamp': '1988', 'event': 'Rouen Nordic Film Festival begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Rouen Airport opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'Île Lacroix ice rink opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1994', 'event': 'Métro begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'Yvon Robert (politician) becomes mayor.'}, {'timestamp': '1999', 'event': 'Maritime, Fluvial and Harbour Museum opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1999', 'event': 'Population: 106,592.'}, {'timestamp': '2001', 'event': 'Transport Est-Ouest Rouennais buses begin operating.'}, {'timestamp': '2001', 'event': 'Zénith de Rouen (concert hall) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2002', 'event': 'Rouen twinned with Salerno, Italy.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'Population: 110,276.'}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'Pont Gustave-Flaubert (bridge) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'Rouen twinned with Cleveland, USA.'}, {'timestamp': '2010', 'event': 'City becomes part of the Agglomeration community of Rouen-Elbeuf-Austreberthe.'}, {'timestamp': '2014', 'event': 'March: Rouen municipal election, 2014 held.'}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': 'December: Normandy regional election, 2015 held.'}, {'timestamp': '2016', 'event': 'Rouen becomes part of Normandy (administrative region).'}, {'timestamp': '2016', 'event': 'Thirteen people are killed in a fire in Rouen.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '5th century', 'event': 'Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen created.'}]
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Timeline of the Marcos dictatorship
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[{'timestamp': '09-1972', 'event': 'Proclamation 1081, which put the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law, was in force.'}, {'timestamp': '01-1981', 'event': 'The period in which Proclamation 1081 was in force ends.'}, {'timestamp': '01-1981', 'event': "The entirety of the period described as the 'Fourth Republic' begins."}, {'timestamp': '02-1986', 'event': "The 'Fourth Republic' period ends."}]
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[{'timestamp': '09-1972', 'event': 'Proclamation 1081, which put the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law, was in force.'}]
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Timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
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[{'timestamp': '09-30-2005', 'event': 'The cartoons are printed in the Danish daily newspaper, Jyllands-Posten, accompanied by an editorial text in Danish stating that Muslims are like any other and will have to put up with insults, mockery, and ridicule.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-2005', 'event': 'Up to 5,000 people stage a peaceful demonstration outside the Copenhagen office of Jyllands-Posten.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2005', 'event': 'Egyptian newspaper El Fagr publishes six of the cartoons during Ramadan along with an article strongly denouncing them.'}, {'timestamp': '10-19-2005', 'event': 'Ambassadors from ten Muslim countries request a meeting with the Prime Minister of Denmark, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, to ask him to distance himself from the cartoons in Jyllands-Posten as well as various other allegedly derogatory comments about Islam in the Danish media.'}, {'timestamp': '10-28-2005', 'event': 'A number of Muslim organizations file a complaint with the Danish police claiming that Jyllands-Posten had committed an offence under section 140 and 266b of the Danish Criminal Code.'}, {'timestamp': '11-03-2005', 'event': 'The German newspaper Die Welt publishes one of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-2005', 'event': 'The Bangladeshi government issues a diplomatic protest to the Danish government following the initial publication of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24-2005', 'event': 'The United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief and Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance request the Permanent Danish Mission to the UN to deliver their observations of the case.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-2005', 'event': 'A Pakistani political party, Jamaat-e-Islami apparently offers a roughly $10,000 reward to anyone who kills one of the cartoonists.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05-2005', 'event': 'The first delegation of five Danish Imams, headed by Abu Bashar of The Community of Islam, landed in Egypt on 3 December 2005 and returned 11 December 2005.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-2005', 'event': 'At a 6 December 2005 summit of the OIC, with many heads of state in attendance, the dossier was handed around by the Egyptian foreign minister Ahmed Abul-Gheit on the sidelines first, but eventually an official communiqué was issued.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-2005', 'event': 'Labour strikes begin in Pakistan in response to the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '12-17-2005', 'event': 'The second Danish Imam delegation, headed by Sheik Raeed Huleyhel, traveled to Lebanon and returned to Denmark 31 December 2005.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2005', 'event': 'Twenty-two former Danish ambassadors criticize the Prime Minister of Denmark for not meeting with the eleven ambassadors in October.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2005', 'event': 'The Arab League criticizes the Danish government for not acting in the matter.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2006', 'event': 'The Prime Minister of Denmark makes his yearly New Year\'s speech, where he says: "I condemn any expression, action or indication that attempts to demonise groups of people ..."'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2006', 'event': 'The Regional Public Prosecutor in Viborg decides to discontinue the investigation of whether Jyllandsposten had committed an offence under section 140 (publicly ridiculing or insulting dogmas of worship of any lawfully existing religious community in Denmark) and 266b (dissemination of statements or other information by which a group of people are threatened, insulted or degraded on account of e.g. their religion) of the Danish penalty law because there was not a reasonable suspicion that a criminal offence indictable by the state had been committed and "the right to freedom of speech must be exercised".'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2006', 'event': 'Two pictures are printed in the Swedish newspaper Expressen and its sister editions Kvällsposten and GT.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2006', 'event': 'The Norwegian newspaper Magazinet publishes all 12 of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '01-23-2006', 'event': "The Danish government delivers its official response to the UN Special Rapporteurs' request of 24 November 2005."}, {'timestamp': '01-24-2006', 'event': 'The government of Saudi Arabia issues its first public condemnation of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26-2006', 'event': 'Saudi Arabia recalls its ambassador from Denmark, and Saudi Arabian consumers begin to boycott Danish products.'}, {'timestamp': '01-27-2006', 'event': 'Thousands of people in Iraq use Friday prayers to denounce the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '01-28-2006', 'event': "A Danish ambassador in Saudi Arabia is interviewed by the American Associated Press Television News (AP-TV) where he criticises Jyllands-Posten's lack of judgement and knowledge of Islam."}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2006', 'event': 'Libya closes its embassy in Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '01-30', 'event': 'Jyllands-Posten sends out an apology in both Danish and Arabic. Apologising, not for the printing of the cartoons, but for hurting the feelings of Islamic society.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31', 'event': "Following a live televised interview on al Jazeera, it is reported that the 'apology for any offence caused' made at the opening of the interview by Flemming Rose, Jyllands-Posten's cultural editor, was not translated into Arabic."}, {'timestamp': '02-01', 'event': 'The French newspaper France Soir publishes the cartoons, adding one of their own. Managing director Jacques Lefranc is fired later the same day by owner Raymond Lakah, a French-Egyptian binational and Roman Catholic (the chief editor, Serge Faubert, is not fired). The French Government dissociates itself from the initiative.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'German newspaper Die Zeit publishes one of the cartoons on page five.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen meets with several Muslim ambassadors in Copenhagen. Egyptian ambassador responds that Rasmussen's response is inadequate and that Denmark should try harder to 'appease the whole Muslim world'."}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'At the Danish embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia an angry mob demands access to the embassy, and upset lamps and furniture in the lobby in the process. The ambassador talks to the leaders of the demonstration, and the group disperses.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "The Belgian newspaper De Standaard publishes the cartoons. Another Belgian newspaper, Het Volk, prints cartoons of Muhammad by Flemish cartoonists and quotes Etienne Vermeersch as saying Belgian papers should publish such caricatures every week 'so that Muslims can get used to the idea.'"}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'The South Korean newspaper OhMyNews prints the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'The weekly New Zealand newspaper National Business Review prints one of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'The Times of India prints the 12 cartoons. Muslims start burning copies of the paper.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw praises the British media for not publishing the cartoons and condemns the decision of the European newspapers who brought the cartoons as 'disrespectful'."}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'The Costa Rican newspaper Al Día publishes the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'In Honduras El Heraldo prints the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'Australian TV broadcasters Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) show images of some of the cartoons in their evening news bulletins.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "The Belgian Muslim Executive, of which some former members have been linked to terrorism, strongly condemns the cartoons as 'an unacceptable attack on Islam'."}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "Islamist demonstration outside Danish Embassy in London. Hundreds of Muslims march from the London Central Mosque to the heavily protected Danish embassy. Chants include '7/7 is on its way' and placard slogans include 'Slay [also 'butcher', 'massacre' and 'behead'] those who insult Islam', 'Free speech go to hell', 'Europe is the cancer and Islam is the cure', 'Exterminate those who slander Islam', 'Europe you will pay. Your 9/11 is on its way!!' and 'Be prepared for the real holocaust!'"}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'The controversial Danish imam Ahmad Abu Laban and the editor of culture of Jyllands-Posten meet on the BBC program HARDtalk.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "A US Department of State spokesman stated 'We all fully recognize and respect freedom of the press and expression but it must be coupled with press responsibility. Inciting religious or ethnic hatreds in this manner is not acceptable.'"}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'Newly elected Hamas organizes protests and demonstrations in the Palestinian territories. Demonstrations are significantly more violent than in previous days.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'The Senate of Pakistan adopted a unanimous resolution condemning the Danish newspaper for publishing blasphemous and derogatory cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "Saudi cleric Sheikh Badr bin Nader al-Mashar refers, in an audio message posted online, to the cartoon furore as 'part of the war waged by the decadent West against the triumphant Islam' and issues a call 'to the billion Muslims: where are your arms? Your enemies have trampled on the prophet. Rise up.'"}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': "Canada's CTV television network news broadcasts a brief static close up of the cartoons."}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'Judge Mohammed Jajbhay pre-emptively bans the publication of the cartoons in South Africa following a request for an urgent interdict by the Muslim Jamiat-ul Ulama Transvaal organization. This move is widely criticized by opposition political parties and journalist organizations.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'Islamic retailer Ziyad Brothers suspends business with Arla Foods.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'Belgian newspaper La Libre Belgique prints a game in which people have to connect the dots in order to find the image of Muhammad.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '09-30-2005', 'event': 'The cartoons are printed in the Danish daily newspaper, Jyllands-Posten, accompanied by an editorial text in Danish stating that Muslims are like any other and will have to put up with insults, mockery, and ridicule.'}]
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Timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
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[{'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'Colonel Gintaras Ažubalis, the Commander of the Lithuania-led Ghor Provincial Reconstruction Team, Afghanistan, took decision that Danish mobile communications and surveillance group will not implement any tasks during the period 3 February-8, according to BNS. Also the number of operations was diminished by Danish battalion in Iraq peacekeeping mission where near 50 Lithuanians served.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The daily New Zealand newspaper The Dominion Post prints the cartoons and an accompanying article.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Polish newspaper Rzeczpospolita publishes the cartoons, much like the most influential Czech daily MF DNES.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The editor of the Jordanian newspaper al-Shihan, Jihad Momani, was arrested.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "Islamist demonstration outside Danish Embassy in London continues with organisation from Hizb ut-Tahrir. Building student Omar Khayam, 22, from Bedford, was photographed wearing a garment resembling a 7 July 2005 London bombings type suicide bomber's jacket outside the Embassy. A speaker calls on 'the governments of the Muslim world to completely sever all contact with European governments' until they had 'controlled the media'. Police later say that two men were arrested near the embassy during the protest. 'They were arrested to prevent a breach of the peace, after a search by officers found leaflets including cartoons of the prophet Muhammad,' a Metropolitan Police Service spokeswoman said."}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The building which houses the Chilean, Swedish, and Danish embassies in Damascus, Syria, is set on fire after being stormed by angry mob. The Swedish and Chilean embassies were very badly damaged, but the Danish embassy, which is located on the 3rd floor, was only partially damaged. As a response to this incident, the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a warning urging Danish citizens in Syria to leave the country immediately. The Danish ambassador had asked the Syrian government for proper protection of the embassy before the attack. Danish government does not rule out severing diplomatic ties with Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Norwegian embassy in Damascus is attacked and set on fire. The Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jonas Gahr Støre, advises all Norwegians to leave Syria. Støre told the media that he sees the situation as a very serious diplomatic crisis and threatens to sever the diplomatic ties with Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'Several demonstrations in Hillerød, Denmark collide and become violent. One demonstration was arranged by a small nationalistic group and included at least one neo-Nazi. Other groups represented were Muslims, Danish anti-racists, and a group well known to the police for becoming violent (named autonome). 162 people were arrested. Around 110 were demonstrating against the nationalistic group and the rest were mostly Muslims also demonstrating against the nationalistic group.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Holy See says the right to freedom of expression does not imply the right to offend religious beliefs, but also that a government should not be held responsible for actions of a newspaper.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan calls for calm and urges Muslims to accept an apology from the Danish paper that first published the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'A new network of Danish Muslims called Moderate Muslims (later renamed Democratic Muslims in Denmark) is founded as a response to the cartoon controversy, with the Danish Muslim member of parliament Naser Khader as one of the founding members. This new network will represent Muslims that focus on freedom of speech, democracy, and positive and peaceful relations between Muslims and non-Muslims.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "An op-ed in The Wall Street Journal reported that 'Danish Muslims ... added two particularly inflammatory drawings that had never been published by the paper -- one involved a pig's nose and the other an indecent act with a dog.' The pictures are in the Akkari-Laban dossier."}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "The US blames Syria for not sufficiently protecting the embassies in Damascus. The White House stated: 'We stand in solidarity with Denmark and our European allies in opposition to the outrageous acts in Syria today.'"}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, orders to cancel contracts with all countries where media have published the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "Jyllands-Posten is revealed to be the winner of the annual 'Victor prize' given by the newspaper Ekstra Bladet, for defending the freedom of press under heavy pressure."}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The German center of culture in the Gaza Strip was ravaged by demonstrators.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Danish newspaper Politiken reveals that Jyllands-Posten in 2003, denied an unsolicited submission that caricatured the resurrection of Jesus, with the reason, that it would lead to an outcry.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': "The UK's Shadow Home Secretary David Davis says to the Sunday Telegraph that some of the placards held at the Muslim protest in London on 3 February amounted to 'incitement to murder' and protesters should be dealt with firmly by police."}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'Iran recalls its ambassador from Denmark and bans journalists from its country.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'The Danish consulate in Beirut, Lebanon is set ablaze during a demonstration. The police arrest many people, almost half of them are from Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'Demonstrators in Lebanon from a demonstration at the Danish consulate cause property damage in Christian neighborhoods of Beirut.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': "In a press conference in Copenhagen, Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs Per Stig Møller assures that no Qur'an burnings had taken place in Denmark, and urged all parties to 'talk down the crisis' so that they could 'move forward together'."}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'The Arab European League, a conservative Arab nationalist organization, puts several anti-Semitic cartoons on its website in response to the Danish cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'Andrea Santoro, a Catholic priest, is murdered at the Santa Maria Church in Trabzon, Turkey where he served.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Ukrainian newspaper Sevodnya publishes the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Slovenian newspaper Mladina publishes several cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'A protest of approximately 5,000 people is planned in Jakarta, Indonesia at the Danish embassy.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Approximately 1,000 protesters march for three hours in Paris, France in response to the publication of the cartoons in several European newspapers.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Three dead at Afghan demonstration against the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Danish soldiers in Iraq are shot at while trying to give first aid to 10-15 Iraqi children who were hit by a truck in a traffic accident.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark recommends not spending holidays in the following countries: Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Sudan, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Ahmed Akkari, spokesman for 29 Muslim organisations in Denmark, offers to go on Arab television with Prime Minister of Denmark Anders Fogh Rasmussen.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Sterling Airlines A/S, an Icelandic owned low-fare airline based in Copenhagen, stops all flights to Egypt as a consequence of the travel recommendations from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Demonstrators in Indonesia damage the Danish consulate and try to damage the US consulate.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The government of Lebanon apologizes to Denmark for not having protected the consulate well enough.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The embassy of Austria in Tehran, Iran, is attacked by fire-bombs.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'UK Prime Minister Tony Blair expresses his full support and solidarity with Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Secretary General of NATO, Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, expresses his full support for Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Israeli English language newspaper, The Jerusalem Post, prints the drawings, although very small, almost impossible to see.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Iran stops all trade with Denmark, thereby violating their agreements with the EU.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Danish embassy in Indonesia shuts down in order to secure the employees.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Danish embassy in Iran is attacked.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The American ambassador in Denmark repeats in several media that USA supports Denmark and is 100% behind Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Grand Mufti of Syria is sorry that the relationship with Denmark has deteriorated.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Danish Refugee Council, the largest humanitarian aid organisation in Chechnya and supplier of food for 250,000 people in Chechnya and Dagestan, is asked by the government of Chechnya to leave the country.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Ferial Haffajee, editor of South African newspaper The Mail & Guardian, which reprinted the cartoons, reports receiving threats.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'An Iranian newspaper, Hamshahri, announces a competition for cartoons on The Holocaust.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Two people die at a protest near the Bagram Air Base.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'In Somalia, a teenage boy dies after protesters attack police.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'US vice secretary of foreign affairs, Daniel Fried, states that Denmark has nothing to excuse.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Norwegian embassy in Damascus is attacked and set on fire. The Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jonas Gahr Støre, advises all Norwegians to leave Syria. Støre told the media that he sees the situation as a very serious diplomatic crisis and threatens to sever the diplomatic ties with Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': "In a press conference in Copenhagen, Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs Per Stig Møller assures that no Qur'an burnings had taken place in Denmark, and urged all parties to 'talk down the crisis' so that they could 'move forward together'."}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The editor of the Jordanian newspaper al-Shihan, Jihad Momani, was arrested.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'Several demonstrations in Hillerød, Denmark collide and become violent. One demonstration was arranged by a small nationalistic group and included at least one neo-Nazi. Other groups represented were Muslims, Danish anti-racists, and a group well known to the police for becoming violent (named autonome). 162 people were arrested. Around 110 were demonstrating against the nationalistic group and the rest were mostly Muslims also demonstrating against the nationalistic group.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark recommends not spending holidays in the following countries: Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Sudan, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, orders to cancel contracts with all countries where media have published the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Two people die at a protest near the Bagram Air Base.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'A protest of approximately 5,000 people is planned in Jakarta, Indonesia at the Danish embassy.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'Andrea Santoro, a Catholic priest, is murdered at the Santa Maria Church in Trabzon, Turkey where he served.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Polish newspaper Rzeczpospolita publishes the cartoons, much like the most influential Czech daily MF DNES.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "Islamist demonstration outside Danish Embassy in London continues with organisation from Hizb ut-Tahrir. Building student Omar Khayam, 22, from Bedford, was photographed wearing a garment resembling a 7 July 2005 London bombings type suicide bomber's jacket outside the Embassy. A speaker calls on 'the governments of the Muslim world to completely sever all contact with European governments' until they had 'controlled the media'. Police later say that two men were arrested near the embassy during the protest. 'They were arrested to prevent a breach of the peace, after a search by officers found leaflets including cartoons of the prophet Muhammad,' a Metropolitan Police Service spokeswoman said."}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Holy See says the right to freedom of expression does not imply the right to offend religious beliefs, but also that a government should not be held responsible for actions of a newspaper.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan calls for calm and urges Muslims to accept an apology from the Danish paper that first published the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'A new network of Danish Muslims called Moderate Muslims (later renamed Democratic Muslims in Denmark) is founded as a response to the cartoon controversy, with the Danish Muslim member of parliament Naser Khader as one of the founding members. This new network will represent Muslims that focus on freedom of speech, democracy, and positive and peaceful relations between Muslims and non-Muslims.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'An Iranian newspaper, Hamshahri, announces a competition for cartoons on The Holocaust.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'Demonstrators in Lebanon from a demonstration at the Danish consulate cause property damage in Christian neighborhoods of Beirut.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Approximately 1,000 protesters march for three hours in Paris, France in response to the publication of the cartoons in several European newspapers.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The building which houses the Chilean, Swedish, and Danish embassies in Damascus, Syria, is set on fire after being stormed by angry mob. The Swedish and Chilean embassies were very badly damaged, but the Danish embassy, which is located on the 3rd floor, was only partially damaged. As a response to this incident, the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a warning urging Danish citizens in Syria to leave the country immediately. The Danish ambassador had asked the Syrian government for proper protection of the embassy before the attack. Danish government does not rule out severing diplomatic ties with Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Grand Mufti of Syria is sorry that the relationship with Denmark has deteriorated.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Ferial Haffajee, editor of South African newspaper The Mail & Guardian, which reprinted the cartoons, reports receiving threats.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The Danish newspaper Politiken reveals that Jyllands-Posten in 2003, denied an unsolicited submission that caricatured the resurrection of Jesus, with the reason, that it would lead to an outcry.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Sterling Airlines A/S, an Icelandic owned low-fare airline based in Copenhagen, stops all flights to Egypt as a consequence of the travel recommendations from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'The Danish consulate in Beirut, Lebanon is set ablaze during a demonstration. The police arrest many people, almost half of them are from Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Slovenian newspaper Mladina publishes several cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'The Arab European League, a conservative Arab nationalist organization, puts several anti-Semitic cartoons on its website in response to the Danish cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Three dead at Afghan demonstration against the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The embassy of Austria in Tehran, Iran, is attacked by fire-bombs.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Danish soldiers in Iraq are shot at while trying to give first aid to 10-15 Iraqi children who were hit by a truck in a traffic accident.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Danish embassy in Indonesia shuts down in order to secure the employees.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "The US blames Syria for not sufficiently protecting the embassies in Damascus. The White House stated: 'We stand in solidarity with Denmark and our European allies in opposition to the outrageous acts in Syria today.'"}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Secretary General of NATO, Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, expresses his full support for Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'US vice secretary of foreign affairs, Daniel Fried, states that Denmark has nothing to excuse.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Danish embassy in Iran is attacked.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'UK Prime Minister Tony Blair expresses his full support and solidarity with Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': "The UK's Shadow Home Secretary David Davis says to the Sunday Telegraph that some of the placards held at the Muslim protest in London on 3 February amounted to 'incitement to murder' and protesters should be dealt with firmly by police."}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The German center of culture in the Gaza Strip was ravaged by demonstrators.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The American ambassador in Denmark repeats in several media that USA supports Denmark and is 100% behind Denmark.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Iran stops all trade with Denmark, thereby violating their agreements with the EU.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Israeli English language newspaper, The Jerusalem Post, prints the drawings, although very small, almost impossible to see.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2006', 'event': 'Iran recalls its ambassador from Denmark and bans journalists from its country.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': 'The daily New Zealand newspaper The Dominion Post prints the cartoons and an accompanying article.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "An op-ed in The Wall Street Journal reported that 'Danish Muslims ... added two particularly inflammatory drawings that had never been published by the paper -- one involved a pig's nose and the other an indecent act with a dog.' The pictures are in the Akkari-Laban dossier."}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Ukrainian newspaper Sevodnya publishes the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The government of Lebanon apologizes to Denmark for not having protected the consulate well enough.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2006', 'event': "Jyllands-Posten is revealed to be the winner of the annual 'Victor prize' given by the newspaper Ekstra Bladet, for defending the freedom of press under heavy pressure."}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Demonstrators in Indonesia damage the Danish consulate and try to damage the US consulate.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'In Somalia, a teenage boy dies after protesters attack police.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Ahmed Akkari, spokesman for 29 Muslim organisations in Denmark, offers to go on Arab television with Prime Minister of Denmark Anders Fogh Rasmussen.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'The Danish Refugee Council, the largest humanitarian aid organisation in Chechnya and supplier of food for 250,000 people in Chechnya and Dagestan, is asked by the government of Chechnya to leave the country.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03-2006', 'event': 'Colonel Gintaras Ažubalis, the Commander of the Lithuania-led Ghor Provincial Reconstruction Team, Afghanistan, took decision that Danish mobile communications and surveillance group will not implement any tasks during the period 3 February-8, according to BNS. Also the number of operations was diminished by Danish battalion in Iraq peacekeeping mission where near 50 Lithuanians served.'}]
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Timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
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[{'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'A man in Aarhus, Denmark files charges against Jyllands-Posten both for blasphemizing and, in doing so, harming the country.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Terry Davis, secretary general of the Council of Europe, says that the publication of the cartoons crossed an ethical line even if it still was legal.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Danish illustrator Christoffer Zieler reports that in April 2003 he submitted a series of satirical cartoons about the resurrection of Christ to Jyllands-Posten.'}, {'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'Approximately 1,000 protesters marched in Paris, France in response to the publication of the cartoons in several European newspapers.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'In Tehran, Iran, tear gas is used against protesters in front of the Danish embassy.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Thousands of protesters clash with police and NATO peacekeepers in Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Four demonstrators are killed in an attack on a Norwegian-led military base in Maymana, capital of the Faryab province in western Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Thousands of students protest in Egypt and Peshawar, Pakistan.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Peaceful anti-Denmark protests also occur in Niamey, Niger, Kano, Nigeria, Kashmir, Pakistan, and Cotabato, Philippines.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Protest take place in Helsinki, Finland in front of the Danish embassy, around 200 people attend.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Ali Khamenei, the spiritual leader of Iran, expresses the hypocrisy of Western media in publishing these cartoons during an address.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Nestlé publishes posters denouncing the rumor that any of its products are Danish in origin.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'The defacement of Danish websites by pro-Muslim hackers reaches 578 within 1 week.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': "The Prime Minister of Italy, Silvio Berlusconi, asks Turkey to 'neutralize fanatics', after the murder of an Italian Roman Catholic priest."}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Amnesty International publishes a statement declaring that Freedom of Speech is not absolute and should be used responsibly.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'The Taliban urge Muslims to declare Jihad over the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'After an investigation Danish police come to the conclusion that a story concerning the attack on a hot-dog stand steward by two Turks on 3 February was a fake story.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'A student newspaper editor is suspended for publishing an image of Muhammad.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'Approximately 100 demonstrators attack the Norwegian embassy in Tehran, Iran throwing stones and firebombs.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': "A couple of Danish Muslim organisations arrange a peaceful demonstration (300 participants) in Aarhus with the motto 'In favor of Denmark'."}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2006', 'event': 'US President George W. Bush calls Anders Fogh Rasmussen to confirm that he and the United States support Denmark during this crisis.'}, {'timestamp': '02-08-2006', 'event': 'French weekly newspaper, Charlie Hebdo, publishes the twelve cartoons plus a new cartoon representing Muhammad by French cartoonist Cabu.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-2006', 'event': 'The Egyptian newspaper El Fagr removes from its website the front page image of its 17 October 2005 edition which included six of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-2006', 'event': 'The Danish tabloid B.T. reports that Bjarne Sørensen, the Danish ambassador to Egypt, has confirmed reports that the cartoons were published in the Egyptian newspaper El Fagr on 17 October 2005.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-2006', 'event': 'The Venezuelan newspaper Últimas Noticias reprints the cartoons from Charlie Hebdo.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-2006', 'event': 'The Russian newspaper Volgograd Gorodskiye vesti prints 1 new cartoon featuring Muhammad.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-2006', 'event': 'After the Japanese government urged newspapers not to print the controversial cartoons, several newspapers do print them, saying that the freedom of speech is absolute and the government should not intervene.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-2006', 'event': 'The Daily Illini, the official student newspaper of the University of Illinois, reprints 6 of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10-2006', 'event': 'Ahmad Abu Laban, Islamisk Trossamfund leader in his Friday prayer calls Denmark a nice and tolerant country and calls for the violence to stop.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10-2006', 'event': 'The editor of the Norwegian Christian newspaper Magazinet, Vebjørn Selbekk, apologizes for the reactions and consequences of the publication of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10-2006', 'event': 'At a demonstration in Nairobi, Kenya, one demonstrator dies in a stampede.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11-2006', 'event': "Naser Khader Muslim member of Danish parliament and one of the founding members of Moderate Muslims has asked the Minister of Religion in Denmark to investigate Ahmad Abu Laban's words in the Friday prayer in the mosque at Dortheavej in Copenhagen."}, {'timestamp': '02-12-2006', 'event': "The Irish president Mary McAleese condemned the drawings and concluded 'Muslims have every right to feel angry'."}, {'timestamp': '02-13-2006', 'event': "EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana meets with the Organisation of the Islamic Conference's (OIC) Secretary General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu to defuse the crisis."}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2006', 'event': "In South America both Peru's RPP Noticias en Chile's 24 Horas print the cartoons."}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2006', 'event': "Finland's National Bureau of Investigation decides to conduct a preliminary investigation into the matter of the nationalist Suomen Sisu and others publishing the cartoons online."}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2006', 'event': 'In Pakistan, over 1,000 rioters vandalize many western business establishments and torched the provincial assembly building.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15-2006', 'event': 'An Indian sailor is allegedly beaten to death by his colleagues following an argument over the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16-2006', 'event': 'The European Parliament accepts a resolution which condemns all violence related to the cartoon controversy.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2006', 'event': 'Pakistani cleric Maulana Yousaf Qureshi announces a $1 million bounty (plus a car) for killing the cartoonist who drew Muhammad.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2006', 'event': "Minister Yaqoob Qureshi of India's Uttar Pradesh state government offered a reward of $11.5 million to anyone who would kill any of the cartoonists who drew the images of Muhammad."}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2006', 'event': 'A crowd of over one thousand protesters storm the Italian consulate in Benghazi, Libya resulting in at least eleven deaths.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2006', 'event': 'The Danish and Norwegian embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania closed their offices, fearing a demonstration staged by Muslims in protest against the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2006', 'event': 'Thousands of Muslim demonstrators staged a peaceful demonstration.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2006', 'event': 'A newspaper in Mozambique, Savana publishes 8 of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2006', 'event': 'Thousands of Muslims in Hong Kong march against the drawings of Muhammed.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2006', 'event': "Stockholms Fria Tidning publishes their own 'Muhammad pictures', including Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Mohammad Lawal, Haji Kher Muhammed, Muhammad Mahdi al-Salih and Amir Mohammed Rasheed."}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2006', 'event': 'Italian Minister Calderoli resigns after pressures from Prime Minister Berlusconi resulting from protests in Libya.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2006', 'event': "Vice-Prime Minister Fini announces a visit to Rome's main mosque."}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2006', 'event': 'Protest march in Copenhagen arranged by a network of Muslim academics (The network).'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2006', 'event': "Approximately 3,000 people take part in a peace march with the message 'more dialogue and peace amongst religions, cultures and Muslims'."}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2006', 'event': 'Sixteen people are killed in northern Nigeria as demonstrators protested the cartoons by storming and burning Christian churches and businesses.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2006', 'event': 'Approximately four hundred protesters attempted to storm the gates of the United States Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, chanting anti-U.S. slogans and burning American flags.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2006', 'event': 'The Felicity Party stages a protest with tens of thousands of participants in Istanbul, Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2006', 'event': 'Over four hundred protesters are arrested and many others are sprayed with tear gas in an attempt by police to suppress protests in Islamabad, Pakistan.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-2006', 'event': 'Danish newspaper Politiken revealed that the 11 ambassadors in their letter in October, also wanted to express their concerns over current issues regarding Islam.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-2006', 'event': 'The Danish Prime minister has repeatedly said, that the letter only asked for the government to take action against Jyllands-posten.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-2006', 'event': 'The Pope urges respect for world religion and argues that people should try to avoid harming religious sensibilities.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-2006', 'event': 'Christians riot in the city of Onitsha, Nigeria while Muslims riot in the city of Bauchi days after an anti-cartoon riots in Maidugugeri, another Nigerian city.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-2006', 'event': 'At least 24 people have been killed in the two incidents.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-2006', 'event': 'The Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) denounces cartoons violence and previous calls for the death of Danish cartoonists.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-2006', 'event': 'The Belarusian newspaper Zgoda prints the 12 cartoons, but is closed soon afterwards.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-06-2006', 'event': 'A man in Aarhus, Denmark files charges against Jyllands-Posten both for blasphemizing and, in doing so, harming the country.'}]
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Timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
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[{'timestamp': '02-21-2006', 'event': 'The Lithuanian Journalists and Publishers Commission for Ethics stated that publications of cartoons of Muhammad did not violate neither Lithuanian law nor the Code of Journalism Ethics.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-2006', 'event': 'The British National Party in the United Kingdom published the cartoons on their website alongside pictures of the violent demonstrations in London.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-2006', 'event': 'The move is criticised by the major political parties.'}, {'timestamp': '02-24-2006', 'event': "The editor of the Finnish culture magazine Kaltio, Jussi Vilkuna, is fired after refusing to remove a cartoon involving Muhammad from the magazine's website."}, {'timestamp': '02-24-2006', 'event': 'At least 127 people are killed in Nigeria in clashes between Christian and Muslim mobs following continued protests over the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-26-2006', 'event': "25,000 people protest the cartoons in Karachi, Pakistan, shouting slogans such as 'Down with the blasphemer,' 'Death to America,' and 'End diplomatic ties with European countries.'"}, {'timestamp': '02-26-2006', 'event': 'Police arrested dozens of Muslim hardliners to prevent a protest in the Pakistani city of Lahore.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27-2006', 'event': 'The European Union (EU) expressed regret on Monday over the cartoons of Muhammad, but condemned violence against European interests.'}, {'timestamp': '02-28-2006', 'event': "Over two hundred students at the University of California, Irvine in Irvine, California protest after the university's College Republicans club decides to display the cartoons as part of a forum on terrorism."}, {'timestamp': '02-28-2006', 'event': 'In Poland the Saint Benedict Foundation starts a campaign, using posters displaying Christian martyrs (amongst whom Andrea Santoro) on trams in the city of Poznań.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2006', 'event': "Salman Rushdie, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Taslima Nasrin, Bernard-Henri Lévy, Irshad Manji, Ibn Warraq are among a dozen writers to have put their names to a statement in a French weekly Charlie Hebdo paper warning against Islamic 'totalitarianism'."}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2006', 'event': 'Charlie Hebdo reprinted the cartoons in France earlier on.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2006', 'event': 'United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNWRA) calls on all Scandinavians to leave the Palestinian areas after they received serious threats against Danish diplomats.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2006', 'event': "Danish reaction: 'Danish police asks the public to stop sending any more charges against the Muslim community for hurting Denmark. The substance of the case does not change whether we get 5 or 500 letters.'"}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2006', 'event': "Palestinian reaction '63% of Palestinians consider violence an appropriate response to cartoons.'"}, {'timestamp': '03-02-2006', 'event': 'A French satirical newspaper, Charlie Hebdo, wins against the French Muslim Council, which had sought to ban the paper.'}, {'timestamp': '03-02-2006', 'event': 'The paper published the original Muhammad cartoons, plus a few of its own, earlier this year.'}, {'timestamp': '03-03-2006', 'event': 'Jyllands-Posten translates and reprints the manifest against Islamism earlier printed in Charlie Hebdo.'}, {'timestamp': '03-03-2006', 'event': 'Pakistan censors the internet with a widespread ban on blogs due to the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2006', 'event': "About 50,000 people, many chanting 'Hang those who insulted the prophet,' rallied in the southern Pakistani city of Karachi."}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2006', 'event': "The protesters burned the Danish flag, hit an effigy of U.S. President George W. Bush with a stick and chanted 'Death to America' and 'Death to Musharraf.'"}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2006', 'event': 'In Turkey, some 20,000 protesters chanting anti-Danish slogans gathered in the eastern city of Erzurum.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2006', 'event': 'The Director of Public Prosecutors in Denmark agrees with the Local Prosecutor and decides that Jyllands-Posten was not in violation of Danish law.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2006', 'event': 'Five arrested over London cartoons protest.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2006', 'event': 'The demonstration attracted widespread political condemnation at the time and among those calling for prosecutions was the Muslim Council of Britain.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-2006', 'event': 'Danish Muslim organizations file a complaint against Denmark at the United Nations Commission on Human Rights over the affair.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2006', 'event': 'Police in Berlin overwhelm Amer Cheema, a student from Pakistan, as he enters the office building of Die Welt newspaper, armed with a large knife.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2006', 'event': 'Cheema admitted to trying to kill editor Roger Köppel for reprinting the Mohammad cartoons in the newspaper.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2006', 'event': 'On 1 May 2006, Cheema committed suicide in his prison cell.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2006', 'event': "Cheema's family and Pakistani media claim he was tortured to death."}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2006', 'event': 'At least 20,000 people attended Cheemas funeral near Lahore.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2006', 'event': 'The Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Laila Freivalds resigns after an indirect attempt at censoring a website from displaying the cartoons in the middle of February by a civil servant of the foreign department, of which she denied any knowledge.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2006', 'event': 'When it became clear that she was fully aware of the incident, the press pressured the government so far that she decided to resign.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2006', 'event': 'According to regeringsformen, a part of the Swedish constitution, the government is not allowed to interfere with the freedom of the press.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2006', 'event': "The process by which this was discovered is notable, since the lie was made clear and well known by an internal paper in the government called 'Riksdag & Department' whose job is to read all internal writings of the government and departments."}, {'timestamp': '03-22', 'event': 'An Islamic conference to discuss the consequences of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy starts in Bahrain. In attendance are high-profile politicians and clerics, as well as Ahmed Akkari and Raed Hlayhel of the Danish-based Committee for Honouring the Prophet.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': 'Acting Swedish Foreign Minister Carin Jämtin was not made welcome in Darfur. According to the governor of Darfur due to the Swedish involvement in the Mohammed Cartoons according to press secretary John Zanchi. In Tehran, Iranian Revolutionary Guards beat themselves with chains in protest over the cartoons. In the US, two of the largest chains of bookstores, Borders and Waldenbooks, refuse to stock the April/May issue of Free Inquiry magazine, containing four of the cartoons, because of fear for the safety of their employees.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30', 'event': 'A group of Muslim organizations in Denmark sues Jyllands-Posten claiming the cartoons were defamatory and injurious. This lawsuit was dismissed on 26 October.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03', 'event': "Sudan 'blocks' UN top humanitarian official Jan Egeland's trip to Darfur, saying that 'in the light of the Danish cartoons row, it would not be sensitive or safe for a Norwegian such as Mr Egeland to visit.'"}, {'timestamp': '04-05', 'event': 'The US based Comedy Central network airs Cartoon Wars Part I, an episode of the controversial animated series South Park, about the controversy.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10', 'event': "Libya's leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, said on Al-Jazeera that 'people who defamed Muhammad were defaming their own prophet, because Muhammad is the prophet of the people in Scandinavia, in Europe, America, Asia and Africa.[...] They should agree to become Islamic in the course of time, or else declare war on the Muslims.'"}, {'timestamp': '04-12', 'event': "The US based Comedy Central network airs 'Cartoon Wars Part II,' an episode of the controversial animated series 'South Park.' Though the creators wanted to include an image of Muhammad in the episode as part of its message, the network ultimately demanded it censored. The episode also included disrespectful images of Jesus, George Bush and the American flag that were not censored, which the creators have said is meant to highlight the double standard."}, {'timestamp': '04-24', 'event': 'The demands for boycott of Denmark and punishing of the cartoonists are reiterated by Osama bin Laden.'}, {'timestamp': '05-12', 'event': "An Al-Qaeda video calls for 'Denmark, Norway and France' to be 'destroyed [...] and transformed into a sea of blood'"}, {'timestamp': '05-26', 'event': "Canadian bookstore chain Indigo banned the sale of the magazines Western Standard and Harper's because they reprinted some of the illustrations in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. Indigo, however, did allow an issue of Free Inquiry magazine with some of the same cartoons to be sold in its outlets."}, {'timestamp': '05-30', 'event': 'Two-month jail sentences imposed by a Jordanian court on two journalists, Jihad Momani and Hisham Al-Khalidi, for reprinting cartoons of Muhammad.'}, {'timestamp': '07-31', 'event': "2006 German train bombing plot. Two suitcase bombs are discovered in trains near the German towns of Dortmund and Koblenz, undetonated due to an assembly error. Video footage from Cologne train station, where the bombs were put on the trains, led to the arrest of two Lebanese students in Germany, Youssef al-Hajdib and Jihad Hamad, and subsequently of three suspected co-conspirators in Lebanon. On 1 September 2006, Jörg Ziercke, head of the Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Police), reports that the suspects saw the Muhammad cartoons as an 'assault by the West on Islam' and the 'initial spark' for the attack, originally planned to coincide with the 2006 Football World Cup in Germany."}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-21-2006', 'event': 'The Lithuanian Journalists and Publishers Commission for Ethics stated that publications of cartoons of Muhammad did not violate neither Lithuanian law nor the Code of Journalism Ethics.'}]
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Timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
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[{'timestamp': '09-01', 'event': "One year after the publication of the original cartoons, a video surfaced showing members of the Danish People's Party's youth wing engaged in a contest of drawing pictures that insult Muhammad. Publicity surrounding the contest led to renewed tension between the Islamic world and Denmark, with the OIC and many countries weighing in. The Danish government condemned the youths, and those who were depicted in the video went into hiding after receiving death threats. Two weeks into this episode, a Danish artists' group, 'Defending Denmark', claimed responsibility for the video and said it had infiltrated the Danish People's Party Youth for 18 months claiming 'to document (their) extreme right wing associations'. A few days later, a new episode surfaced when a member of the Social-liberal youth movement stated that members of the movement had also drawn pictures of Muhammad during a weekend meeting. Unlike the Danish People's Party Youth's drawings, this episode was not condoned by the youth movement, but was done by individuals."}, {'timestamp': '10-01', 'event': 'The national Norwegian TV-channel, TV2, airs a one-hour documentary about the printing of the Muhammad cartoons, the controversy and the aftermath of them. In the documentary the cartoons appear multiple times. The Norwegian foreign ministry had previously warned embassies that had previously been affected by demonstrations because of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16', 'event': "The United Nations Department of Public Information holds a seminar 'Unlearning Intolerance' entitled 'Cartooning for Peace: The Responsibility of Political Cartoonists?', to 'explore the rights, roles and responsibilities of political cartoonists in promoting peace issues.' because 'the anger and divisiveness engendered by the publication of the caricature of Prophet Mohammed and the recent controversial exhibit on the Holocaust suggest both a sense of the power and of the necessity of responsibility in the art of cartooning.'"}, {'timestamp': '10-26', 'event': "The Danish court dismissed a lawsuit filed by Muslims, saying that 'there was no reason to assume that the cartoons were meant to 'belittle Muslims'."}, {'timestamp': '11-24', 'event': "In Yemen, Kamal al-Aalafi, editor of the Arabic weekly, Al-Ra'i al-Am, was sentenced to a year in prison for reprinting the cartoons. The sentencing court also ordered that the paper be closed for six months and that al-Aalafi himself not be permitted to write for an equal amount of time. He was subsequently released on bail."}, {'timestamp': '12-04', 'event': 'In Yemen, Mohammed al-Asaadi, editor of the English-language daily, The Yemen Observer, was ordered jailed until he could pay a fine of 500,000 rials (approximately $2500) for reprinting the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2007', 'event': "Umran Javed (Birmingham) was found guilty of soliciting murder by having chanted death threat slogans during an anti-cartoon rally at London's Danish embassy. He, and three other young British Muslim men, were later sentenced to between four and six years in prison for their actions and statements during that demonstration."}, {'timestamp': '02-02-2007', 'event': "A student guest editor of one of the several student newspapers of Clare College, Cambridge reprints one of the cartoons in an issue devoted to religious satire. It is only the second student newspaper (and fourth media outlet) in the UK to reprint the cartoons in whole or in part. Widespread student outrage ensues—although the National Secular Society leaps to the editor's defense—and Clare punitively cuts the paper's funding in response the incident, as well as destroying most copies of the newspaper. The editor, against whom Clare initiates disciplinary action, is forced to go into hiding for his safety. Ultimately, the editor was reprimanded and forced to publish an apology."}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2007', 'event': 'The French newspaper Libération reprints the Mohammed cartoons anew, to highlight the start of a trial against another French newspaper, Charlie Hebdo, and in support of free speech. The trial was initiated by several major Muslim organizations who sued Charlie Hebdo because of their decision to publish the cartoons in February 2006.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2007', 'event': "Islamic countries pushed through a resolution of the United Nations Human Rights Council, which 'prohibits the defamation of religion'. The resolution mentions no religion except Islam. The initiative was brought in the immediate aftermath of the cartoon controversy, and is considered a direct response to it."}, {'timestamp': '07-13-2007', 'event': "A network of Danish Muslim organisations, upon losing a libel court case against the Danish People's Party, threatens a fatwa against Jyllands-Posten unless the paper apologizes."}, {'timestamp': '10-02-2007', 'event': 'During the ongoing trial of four terror suspects arrested in Denmark, known as the Vollsmose case, one of the accused testified that Jyllands-Posten culture editor Flemming Rose was the target of a terror bombing the group had planned. According to the suspect, they were considering sending a remote-controlled car packed with explosives into the private residence of the editor. Threats were also allegedly made towards Danish MP Naser Khader, who defended the publication of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12-2008', 'event': 'On 12 February 2008, Danish police arrested three men (two Tunisians and one Danish national originally from Morocco) suspected of planning to assassinate Kurt Westergaard, the cartoonist who drew the Bomb in the Turban cartoon. Shortly afterwards, the Dane was released without charge; the two Tunisians were not charged either, but expelled to Tunisia. Despite this, Westergaard has since been under police protection.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-2008', 'event': 'Several Danish newspapers, including Jyllands-Posten, reprints one of the cartoons as a response to the news of the arrest made the day before.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2008', 'event': "Egypt banned editions of four foreign newspapers including the New York-based Wall Street Journal and Britain's The Observer for reprinting the controversial Danish cartoons criticizing Muhammad."}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2008', 'event': 'A video allegedly from Osama bin Laden threatens the EU over the reprinting of the cartoon.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2008', 'event': 'An attempt to blow up the Danish embassy in Islamabad.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2008', 'event': "Ekstra Bladet published excerpts from an interview with Taliban spokesman Qari Yousuf Ahmadi saying Danish troops in Oruzgan Province are a 'primary target' of the Taliban because of the cartoon issue, adding the Danes would be forced to leave Afghanistan."}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2009', 'event': 'Officials at Yale University Press decided to expunge reproductions of the cartoons along with all other images of Muhammad from a scholarly book entitled The Cartoons that Shook the World, by professor Jytte Klausen.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2010', 'event': 'On 1 January 2010, Danish police shot and wounded a man at the home of Kurt Westergaard in Aarhus.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2011', 'event': 'The attacker, named in court as Mohamed Geele, was sentenced to nine years in prison for attempting to commit an act of terrorism.'}, {'timestamp': '06-22-2011', 'event': "Geele appealed the sentence, claiming that he was attempting to scare Westergaard to make him 'stop bragging about drawing the cartoon', but was subsequently sentenced to 10 years imprisonment and permanent expulsion from Denmark by the High Court."}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2012', 'event': 'Oslo District Court found two men guilty of planning a terror attack against Jyllands-Posten and the cartoonist Kurt Westergaard.'}, {'timestamp': '09-08-2010', 'event': 'German Chancellor Angela Merkel honours cartoonist Kurt Westergaard.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10-2010', 'event': 'A small explosion at Hotel Jørgensen in Copenhagen was described by the police as an accident with a letter bomb that was meant to be sent to Jyllands-Posten.'}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2010', 'event': 'A 37-year-old Iraqi Kurd that was arrested in Norway earlier that year suspected of planning unspecified terrorist attacks confessed that one of his targets was Jyllands-Posten.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30-2010', 'event': 'The journalist Flemming Rose published his 500-page book Tavshedens Tyranni (Tyranny of Silence) on the fifth anniversary of the first publishing of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2010', 'event': 'The newspaper destroyed an edition of its weekend supplement, Uke-Adressa, before it was distributed.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-2010', 'event': "Denmark's foreign minister Lene Espersen met in Cairo with the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, Ahmed al-Tayeb, on 13 October 2010."}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2010', 'event': 'Five men were arrested in connection with a suspected plot to stage a gun attack of the offices of the Jyllands-Posten in Copenhagen.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2011', 'event': 'Commemorating the demonstrations in Benghazi on 17 February 2006 that were initially against the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons, but which turned into protests against Gaddafi.'}, {'timestamp': '2013-02', 'event': 'A few days after the assumed assassination attempt of Lars Hedegaard, The Islamic Society in Denmark stated that it had been a mistake to go to Lebanon and Egypt in 2006 to show the caricatures of Muhammad.'}, {'timestamp': '2013-03', 'event': "Kurt Westergaard and his Danish gallery 'Galleri Draupner' released a new edition of the Muhammad cartoons. The first one was made in 2000 for the Danish art museum in Frederikshavn and the second and third were made for Jyllands Posten. They were all handmade, printed, framed, numbered (only 40 were printed) and sold in an all-leather box on a special event in the gallery in Skanderborg."}]
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[{'timestamp': '09-10-2010', 'event': 'A small explosion at Hotel Jørgensen in Copenhagen was described by the police as an accident with a letter bomb that was meant to be sent to Jyllands-Posten.'}, {'timestamp': '2013-02', 'event': 'A few days after the assumed assassination attempt of Lars Hedegaard, The Islamic Society in Denmark stated that it had been a mistake to go to Lebanon and Egypt in 2006 to show the caricatures of Muhammad.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01', 'event': 'The national Norwegian TV-channel, TV2, airs a one-hour documentary about the printing of the Muhammad cartoons, the controversy and the aftermath of them. In the documentary the cartoons appear multiple times. The Norwegian foreign ministry had previously warned embassies that had previously been affected by demonstrations because of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02-2007', 'event': "A student guest editor of one of the several student newspapers of Clare College, Cambridge reprints one of the cartoons in an issue devoted to religious satire. It is only the second student newspaper (and fourth media outlet) in the UK to reprint the cartoons in whole or in part. Widespread student outrage ensues—although the National Secular Society leaps to the editor's defense—and Clare punitively cuts the paper's funding in response the incident, as well as destroying most copies of the newspaper. The editor, against whom Clare initiates disciplinary action, is forced to go into hiding for his safety. Ultimately, the editor was reprimanded and forced to publish an apology."}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2008', 'event': 'An attempt to blow up the Danish embassy in Islamabad.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24', 'event': "In Yemen, Kamal al-Aalafi, editor of the Arabic weekly, Al-Ra'i al-Am, was sentenced to a year in prison for reprinting the cartoons. The sentencing court also ordered that the paper be closed for six months and that al-Aalafi himself not be permitted to write for an equal amount of time. He was subsequently released on bail."}, {'timestamp': '09-01', 'event': "One year after the publication of the original cartoons, a video surfaced showing members of the Danish People's Party's youth wing engaged in a contest of drawing pictures that insult Muhammad. Publicity surrounding the contest led to renewed tension between the Islamic world and Denmark, with the OIC and many countries weighing in. The Danish government condemned the youths, and those who were depicted in the video went into hiding after receiving death threats. Two weeks into this episode, a Danish artists' group, 'Defending Denmark', claimed responsibility for the video and said it had infiltrated the Danish People's Party Youth for 18 months claiming 'to document (their) extreme right wing associations'. A few days later, a new episode surfaced when a member of the Social-liberal youth movement stated that members of the movement had also drawn pictures of Muhammad during a weekend meeting. Unlike the Danish People's Party Youth's drawings, this episode was not condoned by the youth movement, but was done by individuals."}, {'timestamp': '10-02-2007', 'event': 'During the ongoing trial of four terror suspects arrested in Denmark, known as the Vollsmose case, one of the accused testified that Jyllands-Posten culture editor Flemming Rose was the target of a terror bombing the group had planned. According to the suspect, they were considering sending a remote-controlled car packed with explosives into the private residence of the editor. Threats were also allegedly made towards Danish MP Naser Khader, who defended the publication of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2008', 'event': "Ekstra Bladet published excerpts from an interview with Taliban spokesman Qari Yousuf Ahmadi saying Danish troops in Oruzgan Province are a 'primary target' of the Taliban because of the cartoon issue, adding the Danes would be forced to leave Afghanistan."}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2010', 'event': 'The newspaper destroyed an edition of its weekend supplement, Uke-Adressa, before it was distributed.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2009', 'event': 'Officials at Yale University Press decided to expunge reproductions of the cartoons along with all other images of Muhammad from a scholarly book entitled The Cartoons that Shook the World, by professor Jytte Klausen.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-2007', 'event': 'The French newspaper Libération reprints the Mohammed cartoons anew, to highlight the start of a trial against another French newspaper, Charlie Hebdo, and in support of free speech. The trial was initiated by several major Muslim organizations who sued Charlie Hebdo because of their decision to publish the cartoons in February 2006.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04', 'event': 'In Yemen, Mohammed al-Asaadi, editor of the English-language daily, The Yemen Observer, was ordered jailed until he could pay a fine of 500,000 rials (approximately $2500) for reprinting the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2011', 'event': 'Commemorating the demonstrations in Benghazi on 17 February 2006 that were initially against the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons, but which turned into protests against Gaddafi.'}, {'timestamp': '09-08-2010', 'event': 'German Chancellor Angela Merkel honours cartoonist Kurt Westergaard.'}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2010', 'event': 'A 37-year-old Iraqi Kurd that was arrested in Norway earlier that year suspected of planning unspecified terrorist attacks confessed that one of his targets was Jyllands-Posten.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2007', 'event': "Umran Javed (Birmingham) was found guilty of soliciting murder by having chanted death threat slogans during an anti-cartoon rally at London's Danish embassy. He, and three other young British Muslim men, were later sentenced to between four and six years in prison for their actions and statements during that demonstration."}, {'timestamp': '02-12-2008', 'event': 'On 12 February 2008, Danish police arrested three men (two Tunisians and one Danish national originally from Morocco) suspected of planning to assassinate Kurt Westergaard, the cartoonist who drew the Bomb in the Turban cartoon. Shortly afterwards, the Dane was released without charge; the two Tunisians were not charged either, but expelled to Tunisia. Despite this, Westergaard has since been under police protection.'}, {'timestamp': '2013-03', 'event': "Kurt Westergaard and his Danish gallery 'Galleri Draupner' released a new edition of the Muhammad cartoons. The first one was made in 2000 for the Danish art museum in Frederikshavn and the second and third were made for Jyllands Posten. They were all handmade, printed, framed, numbered (only 40 were printed) and sold in an all-leather box on a special event in the gallery in Skanderborg."}, {'timestamp': '02-04-2011', 'event': 'The attacker, named in court as Mohamed Geele, was sentenced to nine years in prison for attempting to commit an act of terrorism.'}, {'timestamp': '07-13-2007', 'event': "A network of Danish Muslim organisations, upon losing a libel court case against the Danish People's Party, threatens a fatwa against Jyllands-Posten unless the paper apologizes."}, {'timestamp': '09-30-2010', 'event': 'The journalist Flemming Rose published his 500-page book Tavshedens Tyranni (Tyranny of Silence) on the fifth anniversary of the first publishing of the cartoons.'}, {'timestamp': '06-22-2011', 'event': "Geele appealed the sentence, claiming that he was attempting to scare Westergaard to make him 'stop bragging about drawing the cartoon', but was subsequently sentenced to 10 years imprisonment and permanent expulsion from Denmark by the High Court."}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2010', 'event': 'On 1 January 2010, Danish police shot and wounded a man at the home of Kurt Westergaard in Aarhus.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-2008', 'event': 'Several Danish newspapers, including Jyllands-Posten, reprints one of the cartoons as a response to the news of the arrest made the day before.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2012', 'event': 'Oslo District Court found two men guilty of planning a terror attack against Jyllands-Posten and the cartoonist Kurt Westergaard.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2010', 'event': 'Five men were arrested in connection with a suspected plot to stage a gun attack of the offices of the Jyllands-Posten in Copenhagen.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16', 'event': "The United Nations Department of Public Information holds a seminar 'Unlearning Intolerance' entitled 'Cartooning for Peace: The Responsibility of Political Cartoonists?', to 'explore the rights, roles and responsibilities of political cartoonists in promoting peace issues.' because 'the anger and divisiveness engendered by the publication of the caricature of Prophet Mohammed and the recent controversial exhibit on the Holocaust suggest both a sense of the power and of the necessity of responsibility in the art of cartooning.'"}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2008', 'event': 'A video allegedly from Osama bin Laden threatens the EU over the reprinting of the cartoon.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2008', 'event': "Egypt banned editions of four foreign newspapers including the New York-based Wall Street Journal and Britain's The Observer for reprinting the controversial Danish cartoons criticizing Muhammad."}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2007', 'event': "Islamic countries pushed through a resolution of the United Nations Human Rights Council, which 'prohibits the defamation of religion'. The resolution mentions no religion except Islam. The initiative was brought in the immediate aftermath of the cartoon controversy, and is considered a direct response to it."}, {'timestamp': '10-26', 'event': "The Danish court dismissed a lawsuit filed by Muslims, saying that 'there was no reason to assume that the cartoons were meant to 'belittle Muslims'."}, {'timestamp': '10-13-2010', 'event': "Denmark's foreign minister Lene Espersen met in Cairo with the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, Ahmed al-Tayeb, on 13 October 2010."}]
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Timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
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[{'timestamp': '2021-03', 'event': 'A teacher working at Batley Grammar School in Batley, North England was suspended after showing students an image of the cartoon of Muhammad taken from the Danish newspaper. The teacher went under police protection, with authorities worried for her safety following the murder of Samuel Paty in which a French teacher was decapitated for allegedly showing students an image of Muhammad made by Charlie Hebdo.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '2021-03', 'event': 'A teacher working at Batley Grammar School in Batley, North England was suspended after showing students an image of the cartoon of Muhammad taken from the Danish newspaper. The teacher went under police protection, with authorities worried for her safety following the murder of Samuel Paty in which a French teacher was decapitated for allegedly showing students an image of Muhammad made by Charlie Hebdo.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)
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[{'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'A further 162,572 COVID cases are reported for England, the highest daily figure so far.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'Although official events to celebrate New Year were cancelled in London and Edinburgh, crowds gather at both locations to welcome in 2022.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': "London's fireworks display goes ahead as planned, but people are asked to stay away because of the risk of COVID."}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'Professors Chris Whitty and Jonathan Van-Tam, the respective Chief Medical Officer and Deputy Chief Medical officer for England, are both knighted in the 2022 New Year Honours.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'Also to be recognised with Honours are Dr Jenny Harries, chief executive of the UK Health Security Agency, and Dr June Raine, chief executive of the vaccines regulator, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, who are both made dames.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': "Scotland's Chief Medical Officer, Dr Gregor Smith and Wales's Chief Medical Officer, Dr Frank Atherton are also knighted."}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'Writing in the Daily Mail, Health Secretary Sajid Javid says further COVID restrictions must be that "absolute last resort" and that the UK must learn to "live alongside" the virus in 2022.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'Chris Hopson, chief executive of NHS Providers, says the next few days will be vital to understanding the effect of the Omicron variant on the NHS.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': "With the continued spread of Omicron variant cases, the UK government warns of a worst-case scenario that could see as many as 25% of the country's workforce absent."}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'Ministers are tasked with developing "robust contingency plans" for the public sector in such a situation.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'A COVID-19 testing centre is deliberately set on fire in Dumbarton.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': "A further 137,583 COVID cases are reported for England and Wales, down on the previous day's figure."}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': 'Ministers have said there is nothing in the data to suggest new COVID rules are needed for England.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': 'Health Minister Edward Argar urges "cool, calm heads", while Steve Barclay says there have been "significant behaviour change" as a result of Plan B measures.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': 'The UK government announces that face masks are to be worn in schools in England when classes resume following the Christmas holiday.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2022', 'event': 'During a visit to a vaccination centre in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Prime Minister Boris Johnson says that England must stick with Plan B measures as the NHS comes under increasing pressure, but adds the UK is in a "much better position" than the previous winter.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2022', 'event': 'The Royal College of Nursing urges the UK government to take a more cautious approach as the Omicron variant continues to spread.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2022', 'event': 'Scotland reports 20,217 cases, its highest daily figures so far, and the first time cases have gone above 20,000.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2022', 'event': 'Staff shortages continue to affect the hospitality and retail sectors, with warnings of closures if they worsen.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2022', 'event': 'A letter signed by Education Secretary Nadhim Zahawi advises schools in England to prepare for staff absences by merging classes into larger groups, and to consider what it describes as "flexible" teaching options.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2022', 'event': 'Figures produced by NHS Digital and obtained by the Press Association show that thousands of people in England required hospital treatment during the lockdowns of 2020 and 2021 after undertaking activities such as DIY, remote work, cookery and dog walking.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2022', 'event': 'Staff shortages at local authorities have led to the cancellation of refuse collections across the UK, it is reported.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'Sir Andrew Pollard, chair of the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, warns that giving booster vaccines every six months is "not sustainable", and there needs to be more evidence before a fourth vaccine is implemented.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'A record 218,724 daily COVID cases are recorded for England and Scotland; it is the first time the daily figure has been over 200,000, but delays in reporting some cases over Christmas likely to be responsible for the high number.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'At a Downing Street press conference, Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces that around 100,000 critical workers will be offered daily COVID tests from 10 January in order to help to keep the Omicron variant at bay, but is confident further restrictions may not be needed, telling reporters "we have a chance to ride out this Omicron wave without shutting down our country once again".'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'A number of hospital trusts have now declared critical incidents, although it is not unusual for that to happen in January.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'An article by BBC News Health Correspondent Nick Triggle points to a difficult month ahead due to the rise in Omicron variant infections, but says early evidence is suggesting the current wave will be different to previous waves, with Omicron causing less severe illness, and hospitalisations five times lower than at the same point in 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'ScotRail puts in place a temporary revised timetable until 28 January amid a high number of absences among its staff due to COVID.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'The Rail Delivery Group estimates as many as one in ten rail workers is absent from work due to COVID-related issues, with services subject to cancellation and amended timetables.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'Hong Kong announces the suspension of all flights from eight countries, including the UK and US, for two weeks from 8 January.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'A further 194,747 COVID cases are recorded for the UK.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': "As figures suggest one in fifteen people in the UK had COVID on New Year's Eve, Prime Minister Boris Johnson confirms that Plan B measures in England will stay in place for a further three weeks."}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'In the House of Commons Johnson is urged by Conservative MPs to outline an exit strategy from COVID restrictions, and to explain how the UK can "live with this virus".'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'Rules regarding PCR tests in England are to change from the following week, meaning anyone testing positive for COVID with a lateral flow test but who have no symptoms will no longer need to follow the test with a PCR test; they will still be required to self-isolate for seven days though.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'Wales also announces the same changes, but plans to bring them in from the following day.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'At least ten hospital trusts in England have declared critical incidents due to COVID, with Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust being the latest to do so.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'The Welsh Rugby Union is considering playing some of its 2022 Six Nations Championship matches in England due to crowd restrictions imposed by the Welsh Government.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'The family of Captain Sir Tom Moore thank Milton Keynes radio station MKFM for being the first media organisation to get behind his 2020 fundraising campaign for the NHS.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'Data from the UK Health Security Agency shows London is no longer the epicentre of COVID infections and that areas of the north west, such as Liverpool, Manchester and the Lake District, are recording higher cases.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'Prime Minister Boris Johnson says that anti-vaccination campaigners who are spreading misinformation about COVID through social media are "totally wrong" and that it is time "to call them out".'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'An Office for National Statistics survey suggests as many as 1.3 million people in the UK have Long COVID symptoms that persist four weeks after an initial infection.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'On the eve of changes to the rules regarding PCR tests for travellers to and from England, Transport Secretary Grant Shapps describes them as having "outlived [their] usefulness" because Omicron is now "widespread and worldwide".'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'Details of a review used by the UK government to reintroduce face masks in schools for England comes to light in which the evidence of their effectiveness is described as "not conclusive".'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'Professor John Watkins, an epidemiologist for Public Health Wales and an honorary research fellow at the University of Cardiff says it is time to return COVID restrictions to pre-Omicron levels because the booster programme has made the risk from it no worse than the Delta variant.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'Scotland reduces the period of self-isolation following a positive COVID test from ten to seven days, bringing it in line with England, Wales and Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'The number of confirmed COVID cases in Scotland since the start of the pandemic has passed one million.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'From 4am people in England who are fully vaccinated are no longer required to take a pre-departure COVID test before travelling abroad, while anyone arriving in England who has had both vaccines is not required to self-isolate while waiting for the results of a PCR test.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'Similar changes are also made in Scotland.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'The change in travel rules leads to a surge in holiday bookings; travel company Jet2 reports bookings have returned to "around pre-Covid levels".'}]
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[{'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'A further 162,572 COVID cases are reported for England, the highest daily figure so far.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)
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[{'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'Confirming there is to be no relaxation of COVID rules in Wales, First Minister Mark Drakeford accuses Prime Minister Boris Johnson of failing to take the necessary precautions to protect people in England.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'COVID-related staff absences in the NHS in England increased threefold during December 2021 according to BBC News, while other reports suggest the number of staff absences increased by a third from 60,316 at the beginning of December to 82,384 on 2 January.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'The nursing trade union, the Royal College of Nursing, describes the situation as "simply not safe".'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-2022', 'event': 'Data from the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (Alva) shows the number of visitors in 2021 increased 25% in comparison to 2020, but was still 57% lower than in 2019.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2022', 'event': 'Data from the Office for National Statistics suggests that COVID-19 cases have continued to rise in the UK, with an estimated one in 20 people infected. The number is believed to be one in 14 in Scotland, and one in 25 in Wales.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2022', 'event': 'All COVID travel restrictions are lifted for travellers entering the UK.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2022', 'event': 'NHS England launches its Spring Booster Programme, offering a booster vaccine to 600,000 people aged over 75, who are residents in a care home, and those aged over 12 considered to be medically vulnerable.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2022', 'event': 'Officers from the Metropolitan Police who are investigating the Partygate affair have sent out 100 questionnaires so far.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2022', 'event': 'The Welsh Government confirms plans to proceed with the scrapping of some COVID regulations in Wales from Monday 28 March despite an increase in case numbers.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2022', 'event': "Overnight programming on BBC Radio 5 Live is temporarily suspended due to Covid-related staff shortages at the station's MediaCityUK studios."}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2022', 'event': "Northern Ireland's Health Minister, Robin Swann, confirms that most people in Northern Ireland will no longer be eligible for free COVID testing from 22 April."}, {'timestamp': '03-25-2022', 'event': 'Figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest 4.3 million people were infected with COVID in the week ending 19 March, an increase of 30% from 3.3 million the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2022', 'event': 'The Guardian publishes an article in which scientists warn that ending free COVID testing will mean people will not know if they are infected, will go to public places with the virus and will pass the virus on, something that will be exacerbated in deprived communities.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2022', 'event': 'The BBC reports that the Metropolitan Police are poised to begin issuing fines for breaches of COVID regulations made by those involved in the Partygate affair, with as many as fifteen fines issued initially.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2022', 'event': 'The planned lifting of COVID measures announced for Wales goes ahead.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2022', 'event': 'The Metropolitan Police say that 20 fixed penalty notices have been issued for alleged breaches of lockdown rules relating to the Partygate affair.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2022', 'event': 'Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon confirms that rules regarding face coverings in shops and on public transport in Scotland will remain in place until 18 April.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01-2022', 'event': 'The latest figures from the Office for National Statistics indicate that 4.9 million people in the UK had COVID in the week ending 26 March, meaning that every one person in 13 had the virus.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02-2022', 'event': 'Low-dose vaccines for COVID-19 become available for children aged five to 11 in England, with five million eligible.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2022', 'event': 'EasyJet have cancelled around 100 flights, including 62 from UK airports, due to high levels of staff absences from COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2022', 'event': 'Rules requiring people to wear face coverings in places of worship, and at weddings and funerals, come to an end in Scotland.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2022', 'event': 'The UK government adds a further nine symptoms to the list of COVID symptoms.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2022', 'event': 'The Health and Social Care Committee warns that staff shortages and disruption from the pandemic are causing delays for early cancer diagnosis.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-2022', 'event': 'The UK Health Security Agency confirms it has identified another COVID variant, Omicron XE, which has been found in 637 cases so far.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2022', 'event': "Hospitals in England are under 'enormous strain', with some so busy they are having to divert ambulances to other sites."}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2022', 'event': 'Figures produced by the Office for National Statistics estimate the number of COVID infections in the UK for the week ending 2 April to be around 25,000 lower than the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-2022', 'event': "News emerges of a virtual hospital tour made by the Queen the previous week during which she described how she was left feeling 'very tired and exhausted' after catching COVID."}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2022', 'event': 'Prime Minister Boris Johnson, his wife, Carrie, and Chancellor Rishi Sunak are among the latest raft of people to be fined by the Metropolitan Police for breaking the law over the Partygate affair.'}, {'timestamp': '04-13-2022', 'event': 'Johnson and Sunak have rejected calls for them to resign in the wake of their Partygate fines.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-2022', 'event': "Figures released by the Office for National Statistics indicate 4.4 million people in the UK were infected with COVID in the week ending 9 April, a fall from the previous week's 4.9 million."}, {'timestamp': '04-14-2022', 'event': "Valneva is approved as the UK's sixth vaccine."}, {'timestamp': '04-17-2022', 'event': "Leading historian Peter Hennessy describes Prime Minister Johnson's fine for breaching lockdown rules as the 'most severe constitutional crisis involving a prime minister'."}, {'timestamp': '04-18-2022', 'event': "Scotland's rules regarding the wearing of face coverings in shops and restaurants, and on public transport, are lifted."}, {'timestamp': '04-19-2022', 'event': 'In a statement to the House of Commons, Prime Minister Johnson apologises following his receipt of a fine for breaching lockdown rules.'}, {'timestamp': '04-21-2022', 'event': 'MPs approve an investigation by the House of Commons Privileges Select Committee into claims Prime Minister Boris Johnson misled Parliament over the Partygate affair.'}, {'timestamp': '04-22-2022', 'event': 'The Metropolitan Police says it will not give any further updates on its Partygate investigation until after the local elections on 5 May.'}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2022', 'event': 'Partygate: John Stevenson becomes the latest Conservative MP to write a letter of no confidence in Boris Johnson. The Prime Minister is also criticised by Dame Andrea Leadsom, although she stops short of calling for his resignation.'}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2022', 'event': "Partygate: Lord Geidt, the Independent Adviser on Ministers' Interests, says there is a 'legitimate question' over whether Johnson broke the ministerial code after being fined over the Partygate affair."}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2021', 'event': 'Beergate: It is confirmed that Labour Party leader Sir Keir Starmer and his deputy, Angela Rayner, have received questionnaires from Durham Constabulary as part of their investigation into the gathering both politicians attended on 30 April 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2022', 'event': 'Recent disruption at airports continues to affect holidaymakers, with many flights being cancelled. The cause is attributed to staff shortages, as the industry struggles to recruit replacements for the workers laid off during the COVID-19 pandemic.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2022', 'event': 'The Office for National Statistics (ONS) reports that the number of people suffering from Long COVID now exceeds 2 million, or about 3% of the UK population.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2022', 'event': 'A chronic backlog of driving tests has built up because of the pandemic, with learner drivers reporting they are having to pay up to twice the usual cost for a test as tests are block-booked and resold for profit. The Driving and Vehicles Standards Agency (DVSA) confirms the next day that it is closing down accounts not associated with driving instructors to end the practice of reselling the tests.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2022', 'event': "The Duke of York has tested positive for COVID-19 and will therefore not be present at the Platinum Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral the following day."}, {'timestamp': '06-06-2022', 'event': "Sir Graham Brady, Chairman of the 1922 committee of the Conservative Party, announces a vote of confidence in Boris Johnson's leadership of the party. A secret ballot is held from 6-8pm. The party's MPs decide that they do have confidence in Johnson's leadership, returning a vote of 211 to 148."}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2022', 'event': 'The latest Office for National Statistics figures indicate a small rise in the number of COVID-19 cases in England and Northern Ireland, something that is believed to be being driven by the BA.4 and BA.5 strains of the Omicron variant. Statistics for Scotland show an increase in cases from one in 50 to one in 40 over a week.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2022', 'event': 'Figures released by the ONS show the economy contracted by 0.3% in April, prompting concerns that the UK is going into recession. The ONS says that the fall was driven by all main parts of the economy but accentuated by the effect that the winding down of COVID-19 testing had on the health sector.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '06-01-2022', 'event': 'A chronic backlog of driving tests has built up because of the pandemic, with learner drivers reporting they are having to pay up to twice the usual cost for a test as tests are block-booked and resold for profit. The Driving and Vehicles Standards Agency (DVSA) confirms the next day that it is closing down accounts not associated with driving instructors to end the practice of reselling the tests.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2022', 'event': 'Prime Minister Boris Johnson, his wife, Carrie, and Chancellor Rishi Sunak are among the latest raft of people to be fined by the Metropolitan Police for breaking the law over the Partygate affair.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2022', 'event': 'Recent disruption at airports continues to affect holidaymakers, with many flights being cancelled. The cause is attributed to staff shortages, as the industry struggles to recruit replacements for the workers laid off during the COVID-19 pandemic.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-2022', 'event': 'Data from the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (Alva) shows the number of visitors in 2021 increased 25% in comparison to 2020, but was still 57% lower than in 2019.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2022', 'event': 'The BBC reports that the Metropolitan Police are poised to begin issuing fines for breaches of COVID regulations made by those involved in the Partygate affair, with as many as fifteen fines issued initially.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2022', 'event': 'Officers from the Metropolitan Police who are investigating the Partygate affair have sent out 100 questionnaires so far.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2022', 'event': 'NHS England launches its Spring Booster Programme, offering a booster vaccine to 600,000 people aged over 75, who are residents in a care home, and those aged over 12 considered to be medically vulnerable.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-2022', 'event': "Valneva is approved as the UK's sixth vaccine."}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2022', 'event': 'The Office for National Statistics (ONS) reports that the number of people suffering from Long COVID now exceeds 2 million, or about 3% of the UK population.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2022', 'event': 'The Metropolitan Police say that 20 fixed penalty notices have been issued for alleged breaches of lockdown rules relating to the Partygate affair.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2022', 'event': 'The latest Office for National Statistics figures indicate a small rise in the number of COVID-19 cases in England and Northern Ireland, something that is believed to be being driven by the BA.4 and BA.5 strains of the Omicron variant. Statistics for Scotland show an increase in cases from one in 50 to one in 40 over a week.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2022', 'event': 'Figures produced by the Office for National Statistics estimate the number of COVID infections in the UK for the week ending 2 April to be around 25,000 lower than the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-2022', 'event': "News emerges of a virtual hospital tour made by the Queen the previous week during which she described how she was left feeling 'very tired and exhausted' after catching COVID."}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2021', 'event': 'Beergate: It is confirmed that Labour Party leader Sir Keir Starmer and his deputy, Angela Rayner, have received questionnaires from Durham Constabulary as part of their investigation into the gathering both politicians attended on 30 April 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2022', 'event': 'All COVID travel restrictions are lifted for travellers entering the UK.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2022', 'event': 'The Guardian publishes an article in which scientists warn that ending free COVID testing will mean people will not know if they are infected, will go to public places with the virus and will pass the virus on, something that will be exacerbated in deprived communities.'}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2022', 'event': 'Partygate: John Stevenson becomes the latest Conservative MP to write a letter of no confidence in Boris Johnson. The Prime Minister is also criticised by Dame Andrea Leadsom, although she stops short of calling for his resignation.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-2022', 'event': "Figures released by the Office for National Statistics indicate 4.4 million people in the UK were infected with COVID in the week ending 9 April, a fall from the previous week's 4.9 million."}, {'timestamp': '04-17-2022', 'event': "Leading historian Peter Hennessy describes Prime Minister Johnson's fine for breaching lockdown rules as the 'most severe constitutional crisis involving a prime minister'."}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'COVID-related staff absences in the NHS in England increased threefold during December 2021 according to BBC News, while other reports suggest the number of staff absences increased by a third from 60,316 at the beginning of December to 82,384 on 2 January.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19-2022', 'event': 'In a statement to the House of Commons, Prime Minister Johnson apologises following his receipt of a fine for breaching lockdown rules.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'The nursing trade union, the Royal College of Nursing, describes the situation as "simply not safe".'}, {'timestamp': '04-02-2022', 'event': 'Low-dose vaccines for COVID-19 become available for children aged five to 11 in England, with five million eligible.'}, {'timestamp': '06-06-2022', 'event': "Sir Graham Brady, Chairman of the 1922 committee of the Conservative Party, announces a vote of confidence in Boris Johnson's leadership of the party. A secret ballot is held from 6-8pm. The party's MPs decide that they do have confidence in Johnson's leadership, returning a vote of 211 to 148."}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2022', 'event': "Overnight programming on BBC Radio 5 Live is temporarily suspended due to Covid-related staff shortages at the station's MediaCityUK studios."}, {'timestamp': '03-25-2022', 'event': 'Figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest 4.3 million people were infected with COVID in the week ending 19 March, an increase of 30% from 3.3 million the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-2022', 'event': 'The UK Health Security Agency confirms it has identified another COVID variant, Omicron XE, which has been found in 637 cases so far.'}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2022', 'event': "Partygate: Lord Geidt, the Independent Adviser on Ministers' Interests, says there is a 'legitimate question' over whether Johnson broke the ministerial code after being fined over the Partygate affair."}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2022', 'event': "Northern Ireland's Health Minister, Robin Swann, confirms that most people in Northern Ireland will no longer be eligible for free COVID testing from 22 April."}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2022', 'event': 'EasyJet have cancelled around 100 flights, including 62 from UK airports, due to high levels of staff absences from COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2022', 'event': 'Rules requiring people to wear face coverings in places of worship, and at weddings and funerals, come to an end in Scotland.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2022', 'event': 'Confirming there is to be no relaxation of COVID rules in Wales, First Minister Mark Drakeford accuses Prime Minister Boris Johnson of failing to take the necessary precautions to protect people in England.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2022', 'event': 'The Welsh Government confirms plans to proceed with the scrapping of some COVID regulations in Wales from Monday 28 March despite an increase in case numbers.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2022', 'event': 'Figures released by the ONS show the economy contracted by 0.3% in April, prompting concerns that the UK is going into recession. The ONS says that the fall was driven by all main parts of the economy but accentuated by the effect that the winding down of COVID-19 testing had on the health sector.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2022', 'event': 'Data from the Office for National Statistics suggests that COVID-19 cases have continued to rise in the UK, with an estimated one in 20 people infected. The number is believed to be one in 14 in Scotland, and one in 25 in Wales.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-2022', 'event': "Scotland's rules regarding the wearing of face coverings in shops and restaurants, and on public transport, are lifted."}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2022', 'event': 'The UK government adds a further nine symptoms to the list of COVID symptoms.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2022', 'event': 'Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon confirms that rules regarding face coverings in shops and on public transport in Scotland will remain in place until 18 April.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2022', 'event': "Hospitals in England are under 'enormous strain', with some so busy they are having to divert ambulances to other sites."}, {'timestamp': '04-22-2022', 'event': 'The Metropolitan Police says it will not give any further updates on its Partygate investigation until after the local elections on 5 May.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2022', 'event': 'The planned lifting of COVID measures announced for Wales goes ahead.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01-2022', 'event': 'The latest figures from the Office for National Statistics indicate that 4.9 million people in the UK had COVID in the week ending 26 March, meaning that every one person in 13 had the virus.'}, {'timestamp': '04-21-2022', 'event': 'MPs approve an investigation by the House of Commons Privileges Select Committee into claims Prime Minister Boris Johnson misled Parliament over the Partygate affair.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2022', 'event': "The Duke of York has tested positive for COVID-19 and will therefore not be present at the Platinum Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral the following day."}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2022', 'event': 'The Health and Social Care Committee warns that staff shortages and disruption from the pandemic are causing delays for early cancer diagnosis.'}, {'timestamp': '04-13-2022', 'event': 'Johnson and Sunak have rejected calls for them to resign in the wake of their Partygate fines.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)
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[{'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': 'The latest Office for National Statistics figures indicate another rise in COVID-19 cases, with the Platinum Jubilee celebrations thought to have contributed to the increase. Figures show 1.4 million people with the virus, or one in 45, a rise from one in 65 the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': 'Beergate: The Labour Party confirms that leader Sir Keir Starmer and his deputy Angela Rayner have returned their questionnaires to Durham Constabulary.'}, {'timestamp': '06-21-2022', 'event': 'The partner of a former rock star who died eight days after receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine is awarded £120,000 damages, becoming the first person in the UK to receive such a payment.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-2022', 'event': 'The latest Office for National Statistics data suggests another rise in the number of people infected with COVID, with 1.7 million people with the virus in the week up to 18 June, roughly one in 38.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2022', 'event': "COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A public inquiry begins into the UK's handling of the pandemic."}]
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[{'timestamp': '06-28-2022', 'event': "COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A public inquiry begins into the UK's handling of the pandemic."}, {'timestamp': '06-21-2022', 'event': 'The partner of a former rock star who died eight days after receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine is awarded £120,000 damages, becoming the first person in the UK to receive such a payment.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-2022', 'event': 'The latest Office for National Statistics data suggests another rise in the number of people infected with COVID, with 1.7 million people with the virus in the week up to 18 June, roughly one in 38.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': 'The latest Office for National Statistics figures indicate another rise in COVID-19 cases, with the Platinum Jubilee celebrations thought to have contributed to the increase. Figures show 1.4 million people with the virus, or one in 45, a rise from one in 65 the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': 'Beergate: The Labour Party confirms that leader Sir Keir Starmer and his deputy Angela Rayner have returned their questionnaires to Durham Constabulary.'}]
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Timeline of pre-Columbian transatlantic contact
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 1000', 'event': 'Erik the Red and Leif Ericson, Viking navigators, discovered and settled Greenland, Helluland (possibly Baffin Island), Markland (now called Labrador), and Vinland (now called Newfoundland). The Greenland colony lasted until the 15th century.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1350', 'event': 'The Norse Western Settlement in Greenland was abandoned.'}, {'timestamp': '1354', 'event': 'King Magnus of Sweden and Norway authorised Paul Knutson to lead an expedition to Greenland which may never have taken place.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1450–1480s', 'event': 'The Norse Eastern Settlement in Greenland was abandoned during the opening stages of the Little Ice Age.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1354', 'event': 'King Magnus of Sweden and Norway authorised Paul Knutson to lead an expedition to Greenland which may never have taken place.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1000', 'event': 'Erik the Red and Leif Ericson, Viking navigators, discovered and settled Greenland, Helluland (possibly Baffin Island), Markland (now called Labrador), and Vinland (now called Newfoundland). The Greenland colony lasted until the 15th century.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1350', 'event': 'The Norse Western Settlement in Greenland was abandoned.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1450–1480s', 'event': 'The Norse Eastern Settlement in Greenland was abandoned during the opening stages of the Little Ice Age.'}]
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Timeline of archives in New South Wales
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[{'timestamp': '1821', 'event': 'Establishment of the position of Colonial Secretary and Registrar of the Records who is responsible for government administration in New South Wales.'}, {'timestamp': '1879', 'event': 'Letter from J.H. Heaton recommending appointment of Dr G.H. Stanley as Keeper of Archives in the Colonial Secretary’s Office. This proposal was not acted on.'}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'First serious proposals for the establishment of an Archives Office made just before the 100th anniversary of white settlement in Australia in 1888. This led to the publication of the History of New South Wales from the Records and the Historical Records of New South Wales under the direction of James Bonwick (1817-1906) who can be regarded as the first official government archivist in NSW (appointed 13 March 1888.)'}, {'timestamp': '1888', 'event': 'Proposal by George Burnett Barton (1836-1901) brother of Edmund Barton to establish a repository for public records in NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1903', 'event': 'Comment by F. . M. Bladen, Principal Librarian of the Public Library of NSW ‘It is a disgrace to Australia as an enlightened nation that there is no place where the original papers bearing on the discovery of the continent; the exploration and settlement of the states; the constitutional history and records of their courts of law and judicial and political institutions can be consulted by the student of history.’'}, {'timestamp': '1910', 'event': 'Opening of the Mitchell Library. Trustees of the Public Library consider ‘that no time should be lost towards the establishment of an Archives Office’.'}, {'timestamp': '1915', 'event': 'Letter from Sir William Dixson (later benefactor of the Mitchell Library) to the Chief Secretary requesting the establishment of an archives department.'}, {'timestamp': '1953', 'event': 'Appointment of Allan Horton to the position of Archives Officer at the Public Library of NSW and establishment of Archives Department within the Public Library of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1955', 'event': 'Establishment of Government Records Repository (responsible to the NSW Public Service Board) and work commences on the preparation of archives legislation.'}, {'timestamp': '1960', 'event': 'Archives Act proclaimed to commence on 1 June 1961.'}, {'timestamp': '1961', 'event': '29 June first meeting of the Archives Authority of New South Wales.'}, {'timestamp': '1963', 'event': 'Appointment of Mr R F Doust, BA as Senior Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '1964', 'event': 'Site of about 50 acres (200,000 m2) acquired for a permanent repository at Kingswood.'}, {'timestamp': '1967', 'event': 'Allan Horton appointed as member of the Archives Authority of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1973', 'event': 'Retirement of Gordon Richardson, Principal Archivist and appointment of Russell Doust, Acting Principal Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '1975-11-28', 'event': 'Government Records Repository at Kingswood opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': 'Ian Maclean appointed Principal Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': 'Establishment of the Records Management Office and Archives Office becomes administratively separate from the Public Library of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1978', 'event': 'Archives and Records Management Offices move from the State Library to a new purpose built archives building in Sydney’s historic Rocks area.'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'City Reading Room opens – for the first time the Archives Office has its own separate reading room and exhibition area.'}, {'timestamp': '1980', 'event': 'John Cross appointed Principal Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '1982', 'event': 'Abolition of the Department of Services (previously the Chief Secretary’s Department).'}, {'timestamp': '1985/6', 'event': '25th anniversary. Archives Act 1960 and 1 June 1986 establishment of Archives Authority of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1987-05-31', 'event': 'Allan Horton resigns from the Archives Authority on 31 May making him the longest serving Board member. Reading Room opened at Western Sydney Records Centre.'}, {'timestamp': '1998', 'event': 'Appointment of David Roberts as Director.'}, {'timestamp': '1999-01-01', 'event': 'State Records Act assented to, effective from 1 January 1999.'}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': 'Review of State Records Act.'}, {'timestamp': '2005', 'event': 'State Records Act (amendment 15 July 2005) and opening of the Stage 6 Building at the Western Sydney Records Centre, Kingswood.'}, {'timestamp': '2005/06', 'event': 'Review of State Records by Council on the Cost and Quality of Government.'}, {'timestamp': '2006', 'event': 'November State Records moves from Arts NSW to the Department of Commerce.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'The Convict Records of Australia held by State Records NSW and the Archives Office of Tasmania (now part of LINC Tasmania with the State Library of Tasmania) are inscribed onto the International UNESCO Memory of the World Register.'}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'Alan Ventress appointed Director.'}, {'timestamp': '2012-06', 'event': 'Sydney Records Centre at The Rocks closed.'}, {'timestamp': '2014', 'event': 'Geoff Hinchcliffe appointed Director.'}, {'timestamp': '2015-11-28', 'event': '40 years since Kingswood site opened. The Western Sydney Records Centre comprises the State archives collection and the Government Records Repository.'}, {'timestamp': '2016-10-25', 'event': 'State Records renamed as "State Archives and Records Authority of New South Wales" and may be known as State Archives, State Archives NSW or State Archives and Records NSW.'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '1821', 'event': 'Establishment of the position of Colonial Secretary and Registrar of the Records who is responsible for government administration in New South Wales.'}, {'timestamp': '2016-10-25', 'event': 'State Records renamed as "State Archives and Records Authority of New South Wales" and may be known as State Archives, State Archives NSW or State Archives and Records NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1998', 'event': 'Appointment of David Roberts as Director.'}, {'timestamp': '2005', 'event': 'State Records Act (amendment 15 July 2005) and opening of the Stage 6 Building at the Western Sydney Records Centre, Kingswood.'}, {'timestamp': '1915', 'event': 'Letter from Sir William Dixson (later benefactor of the Mitchell Library) to the Chief Secretary requesting the establishment of an archives department.'}, {'timestamp': '2012-06', 'event': 'Sydney Records Centre at The Rocks closed.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': 'Ian Maclean appointed Principal Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '1980', 'event': 'John Cross appointed Principal Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '1961', 'event': '29 June first meeting of the Archives Authority of New South Wales.'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'City Reading Room opens – for the first time the Archives Office has its own separate reading room and exhibition area.'}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': 'Review of State Records Act.'}, {'timestamp': '2015-11-28', 'event': '40 years since Kingswood site opened. The Western Sydney Records Centre comprises the State archives collection and the Government Records Repository.'}, {'timestamp': '1975-11-28', 'event': 'Government Records Repository at Kingswood opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': 'Establishment of the Records Management Office and Archives Office becomes administratively separate from the Public Library of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1963', 'event': 'Appointment of Mr R F Doust, BA as Senior Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '2014', 'event': 'Geoff Hinchcliffe appointed Director.'}, {'timestamp': '1973', 'event': 'Retirement of Gordon Richardson, Principal Archivist and appointment of Russell Doust, Acting Principal Archivist.'}, {'timestamp': '2005/06', 'event': 'Review of State Records by Council on the Cost and Quality of Government.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'The Convict Records of Australia held by State Records NSW and the Archives Office of Tasmania (now part of LINC Tasmania with the State Library of Tasmania) are inscribed onto the International UNESCO Memory of the World Register.'}, {'timestamp': '1999-01-01', 'event': 'State Records Act assented to, effective from 1 January 1999.'}, {'timestamp': '2006', 'event': 'November State Records moves from Arts NSW to the Department of Commerce.'}, {'timestamp': '1960', 'event': 'Archives Act proclaimed to commence on 1 June 1961.'}, {'timestamp': '1987-05-31', 'event': 'Allan Horton resigns from the Archives Authority on 31 May making him the longest serving Board member. Reading Room opened at Western Sydney Records Centre.'}, {'timestamp': '1982', 'event': 'Abolition of the Department of Services (previously the Chief Secretary’s Department).'}, {'timestamp': '1967', 'event': 'Allan Horton appointed as member of the Archives Authority of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1978', 'event': 'Archives and Records Management Offices move from the State Library to a new purpose built archives building in Sydney’s historic Rocks area.'}, {'timestamp': '1903', 'event': 'Comment by F. . M. Bladen, Principal Librarian of the Public Library of NSW ‘It is a disgrace to Australia as an enlightened nation that there is no place where the original papers bearing on the discovery of the continent; the exploration and settlement of the states; the constitutional history and records of their courts of law and judicial and political institutions can be consulted by the student of history.’'}, {'timestamp': '1953', 'event': 'Appointment of Allan Horton to the position of Archives Officer at the Public Library of NSW and establishment of Archives Department within the Public Library of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'Alan Ventress appointed Director.'}, {'timestamp': '1955', 'event': 'Establishment of Government Records Repository (responsible to the NSW Public Service Board) and work commences on the preparation of archives legislation.'}, {'timestamp': '1910', 'event': 'Opening of the Mitchell Library. Trustees of the Public Library consider ‘that no time should be lost towards the establishment of an Archives Office’.'}, {'timestamp': '1888', 'event': 'Proposal by George Burnett Barton (1836-1901) brother of Edmund Barton to establish a repository for public records in NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1879', 'event': 'Letter from J.H. Heaton recommending appointment of Dr G.H. Stanley as Keeper of Archives in the Colonial Secretary’s Office. This proposal was not acted on.'}, {'timestamp': '1985/6', 'event': '25th anniversary. Archives Act 1960 and 1 June 1986 establishment of Archives Authority of NSW.'}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'First serious proposals for the establishment of an Archives Office made just before the 100th anniversary of white settlement in Australia in 1888. This led to the publication of the History of New South Wales from the Records and the Historical Records of New South Wales under the direction of James Bonwick (1817-1906) who can be regarded as the first official government archivist in NSW (appointed 13 March 1888.)'}, {'timestamp': '1964', 'event': 'Site of about 50 acres (200,000 m2) acquired for a permanent repository at Kingswood.'}]
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Timeline of time capsules
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[{'timestamp': '08-15-1972', 'event': 'Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had buried a time capsule outside one of the gate of Red Fort complex,The Indira Gandhi government named this time capsule "Kalpaatra", Delhi containing post-independence history of India on 15 August 1972 amid political opposition.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-2010', 'event': 'A time capsule was buried in the presence of the President of India near the auditorium of IIT Kanpur on 6 March 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '2010', 'event': 'Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar containing the history of Indian state of Gujarat marking the 50 years of its foundation. Installed in 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-2062', 'event': "Alexandra Girls' English Institution, a school in Fort, South Mumbai buried a time capsule in 2014, scheduling it to be opened on 1 September 2062, on the bi-centennial anniversary of the school."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2019', 'event': 'Under the flag holding of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a time-capsule was buried in the premises of Lovely Professional University, a University located in Jalandhar, Punjab on the second day of Indian National Congress dated 4 January 2019.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26-2021', 'event': "On 26 January 2021, a 1.5 tonne time capsule encapsulating the history of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) history spanning over a century was buried 30 feet deep in the park opposite Victoria Gate during Republic Day celebrations to mark the university's eventful centenary year on Tuesday."}, {'timestamp': '2000', 'event': "The Expo '70 time capsule is located near Osaka Castle, donated by Panasonic and the Mainichi Newspapers. It was opened for the first time in 2000, and then the second time expected to be opened in 2100."}, {'timestamp': '11-01-2017', 'event': 'In Aktau, people of 1967 sent a message showing the chronology of the development of Mangyshlak Peninsula with the names of the people who helped to build the town in the desert. The letter was put in a metallic cylinder in a triangular marble urn. It opened in November 2017.'}, {'timestamp': '2020', 'event': 'During the inaugural Youth Day event in 2020, K-pop group BTS handed a time capsule to president Moon Jae-in to be opened in the year 2039, during the 20th Youth Day event.'}, {'timestamp': '11-29-2394', 'event': "The Seoul Millennium Time Capsule in Namsangol Hanok Village was buried in 1994 to celebrate Seoul's 600th anniversary as the capital of Korea. It contains 600 items chosen to represent the city. The time capsule is set to be opened on 29 November 2394, on the city's 1000th anniversary."}, {'timestamp': '06-26-2000', 'event': "Rotary Club Time Capsule Monument (GPS: 3.15912, 101.69825) is a commemorative monument along Jalan Sultan Ismail in Kuala Lumpur. It was originally located at Dataran Merdeka, but was relocated to Jalan Sultan Ismail around 2016. It comprises a stainless steel column topped with a Rotary International logo. At the base is a black marble-encased pedestal under which a time capsule is buried. The monument was erected to celebrate the presence of Rotary in Malaysia since 1929. It was officiated by the mayor of Kuala Lumpur, Tan Sri Dato' Kamaruzzaman bin Shariff, on 26 June 2000."}, {'timestamp': '2018', 'event': 'The El Hogar Building in Escolta, Manila contained a time capsule behind a copper plaque and is believed to contain mostly Spanish-language works. It was reportedly removed from the building in 2018.'}, {'timestamp': '2025', 'event': "Three time capsules were sealed near the town hall of Naguilian, La Union containing memorabilia related to the town's history and culture. These are to be opened after 25, 50, and 100 years."}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2005', 'event': 'On 7 May 2005, a time capsule was placed at the Kumzhensky memorial in Russia with an instruction to open on 9 May 2045.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-1979', 'event': 'In 2012, a time capsule dating from 15 July 1979 was found in Vulkanny (Yelizovsky District, Kamchatka peninsula) under a statue of Lenin.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-1843', 'event': 'The oldest known time capsule in Singapore was rediscovered in early 2016, beneath the foundation stone of the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd. The shoebox-sized time capsule from 18 June 1843 was found to include a prayer booklet and newspapers, and international coins.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01-1937', 'event': 'On 1 April 1937, a capsule containing coins and newspapers from the time was buried under the foundation stone of the former Supreme Court building with the intention that it be opened in the year 3000.'}, {'timestamp': '1949', 'event': 'In 1949, a capsule was buried at Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road) containing school magazines, a bible and records of major donors.'}, {'timestamp': '1950', 'event': 'A capsule buried in 1950 under the then Royal Island Club (now the Singapore Island Country Club) was thought to be lost but later found by construction workers in 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': "In 1970, one of Singapore's founding leaders, Dr Goh Keng Swee laid a copper cylinder containing newspapers and Singapore bank notes from the era, somewhere in the former National Stadium."}, {'timestamp': '1973', 'event': 'Since 1973, Science Centre Singapore has been depositing gadgets and examples of significant technologies in a time capsule inaugurated by then Science and Technology Minister Dr Toh Chin Chye.'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'The Jurong Town Corporation buried a time capsule under Jurong Town Hall in 1974.'}, {'timestamp': '1975', 'event': "In 1975, part of Singapore's contribution to an International Ocean Exposition held in Okinawa, Japan entitled The Sea We Would Like to See was a research project using floating time capsules."}, {'timestamp': '04-26-1956', 'event': "1990 saw the unexpected unearthing of a time capsule from the 1950s by contractors working at the demolished American Insurance building in Robinson Road. Buried on 26 April 1956, the copper canister contained English and Chinese newspapers, a financial report, photographs, posters and an insurance agent's manual."}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': "In 2015, a time capsule buried to celebrate Singapore's 25th year of independence was dug up and replaced with one celebrating 50 years as a sovereign nation."}, {'timestamp': '08-31-2005', 'event': 'On 31 August 2005, Singapore Polytechnic buried a time capsule in order to conclude year-long celebrations of its 50th anniversary of its founding in 1954.'}, {'timestamp': '2029', 'event': 'it is scheduled to be re-opened in 2029 for its 75th anniversary.'}, {'timestamp': '2014', 'event': 'Erected in 2014, the monument is located in Reykjavik, Iceland, has of three differently shaped 15 feet tall spires, two made of stone and one metal center pillar.'}, {'timestamp': '1990s', 'event': 'A ~20-man, White War military barracks on Mount Scorluzzo—which had been locked up at the end of World War I—became partly accessible from the 1990s and completely accessible in 2015 because of melting glaciers.'}, {'timestamp': '2017-09-17', 'event': 'On 17 September 2017 near the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund in the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago, scientific researchers buried a 60-centimeter stainless steel tube containing samples designed to tell finders as long as half a million years into the future, about the current state of knowledge in such areas as geology, biology, and technology.'}, {'timestamp': '2016', 'event': 'In 2016, a copper-cylinder time capsule dating to 1934 was found beneath the former Nazi training facility in the Ordensburg Krössinsee building in Złocieniec, Poland.'}, {'timestamp': '2009', 'event': 'An 1834 time capsule was discovered in 2009 under a statue of Miguel de Cervantes in Madrid.'}, {'timestamp': '2023-07-22', 'event': 'A time capsule was opened on 22 July 2023 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the cantonal movement.'}, {'timestamp': '1777', 'event': 'A 1777 time capsule was discovered within a religious statue in Sotillo de la Ribera (Burgos).'}, {'timestamp': '2024-01-13', 'event': 'On 13 January 2024, The Arch Mission Foundation installed the Global Knowledge Vault inside the Hagerbach deep underground tunnel system, near Flums Switzerland.'}, {'timestamp': '2015-08', 'event': 'in August 2015, workers discovered a metal box containing a newspaper from 29 September 1894, a paper scroll and a bottle believed to contain whisky.'}, {'timestamp': '2017-03-21', 'event': "On 21 March 2017, a time capsule bearing the name of its creator, James D Robinson, was 'sealed' at an informal gathering in a local church hall."}, {'timestamp': '1971', 'event': 'Ones buried in London in 1971 and 1984 were opened in January 2000.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'Ones buried in London in 1971 and 1984 were opened in January 2000.'}, {'timestamp': '2000', 'event': "Millennium Vault, Europe's largest time capsule was built in 2000 in Guildford, Surrey."}, {'timestamp': '1830-07-26', 'event': 'On 26 July 1830, a formal procession and ceremony took place to deposit coins and bottled newspapers into a carved hollow of the cornerstone of the new courthouse building at Harbour Grace, NL.'}, {'timestamp': '1967-12-31', 'event': 'Built near the Confederation Garden Court adjacent to the provincial Parliament buildings on 31 December 1967, it is set to be opened 100 years later.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '11-01-2017', 'event': 'In Aktau, people of 1967 sent a message showing the chronology of the development of Mangyshlak Peninsula with the names of the people who helped to build the town in the desert. The letter was put in a metallic cylinder in a triangular marble urn. It opened in November 2017.'}, {'timestamp': '1967-12-31', 'event': 'Built near the Confederation Garden Court adjacent to the provincial Parliament buildings on 31 December 1967, it is set to be opened 100 years later.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2005', 'event': 'On 7 May 2005, a time capsule was placed at the Kumzhensky memorial in Russia with an instruction to open on 9 May 2045.'}, {'timestamp': '2020', 'event': 'During the inaugural Youth Day event in 2020, K-pop group BTS handed a time capsule to president Moon Jae-in to be opened in the year 2039, during the 20th Youth Day event.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-1956', 'event': "1990 saw the unexpected unearthing of a time capsule from the 1950s by contractors working at the demolished American Insurance building in Robinson Road. Buried on 26 April 1956, the copper canister contained English and Chinese newspapers, a financial report, photographs, posters and an insurance agent's manual."}, {'timestamp': '01-26-2021', 'event': "On 26 January 2021, a 1.5 tonne time capsule encapsulating the history of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) history spanning over a century was buried 30 feet deep in the park opposite Victoria Gate during Republic Day celebrations to mark the university's eventful centenary year on Tuesday."}, {'timestamp': '2015-08', 'event': 'in August 2015, workers discovered a metal box containing a newspaper from 29 September 1894, a paper scroll and a bottle believed to contain whisky.'}, {'timestamp': '2016', 'event': 'In 2016, a copper-cylinder time capsule dating to 1934 was found beneath the former Nazi training facility in the Ordensburg Krössinsee building in Złocieniec, Poland.'}, {'timestamp': '2025', 'event': "Three time capsules were sealed near the town hall of Naguilian, La Union containing memorabilia related to the town's history and culture. These are to be opened after 25, 50, and 100 years."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2019', 'event': 'Under the flag holding of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a time-capsule was buried in the premises of Lovely Professional University, a University located in Jalandhar, Punjab on the second day of Indian National Congress dated 4 January 2019.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-1979', 'event': 'In 2012, a time capsule dating from 15 July 1979 was found in Vulkanny (Yelizovsky District, Kamchatka peninsula) under a statue of Lenin.'}, {'timestamp': '2000', 'event': "The Expo '70 time capsule is located near Osaka Castle, donated by Panasonic and the Mainichi Newspapers. It was opened for the first time in 2000, and then the second time expected to be opened in 2100."}, {'timestamp': '2023-07-22', 'event': 'A time capsule was opened on 22 July 2023 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the cantonal movement.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-1843', 'event': 'The oldest known time capsule in Singapore was rediscovered in early 2016, beneath the foundation stone of the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd. The shoebox-sized time capsule from 18 June 1843 was found to include a prayer booklet and newspapers, and international coins.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01-1937', 'event': 'On 1 April 1937, a capsule containing coins and newspapers from the time was buried under the foundation stone of the former Supreme Court building with the intention that it be opened in the year 3000.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-2062', 'event': "Alexandra Girls' English Institution, a school in Fort, South Mumbai buried a time capsule in 2014, scheduling it to be opened on 1 September 2062, on the bi-centennial anniversary of the school."}, {'timestamp': '2010', 'event': 'Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar containing the history of Indian state of Gujarat marking the 50 years of its foundation. Installed in 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '1973', 'event': 'Since 1973, Science Centre Singapore has been depositing gadgets and examples of significant technologies in a time capsule inaugurated by then Science and Technology Minister Dr Toh Chin Chye.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'Ones buried in London in 1971 and 1984 were opened in January 2000.'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'The Jurong Town Corporation buried a time capsule under Jurong Town Hall in 1974.'}, {'timestamp': '1830-07-26', 'event': 'On 26 July 1830, a formal procession and ceremony took place to deposit coins and bottled newspapers into a carved hollow of the cornerstone of the new courthouse building at Harbour Grace, NL.'}, {'timestamp': '2014', 'event': 'Erected in 2014, the monument is located in Reykjavik, Iceland, has of three differently shaped 15 feet tall spires, two made of stone and one metal center pillar.'}, {'timestamp': '2009', 'event': 'An 1834 time capsule was discovered in 2009 under a statue of Miguel de Cervantes in Madrid.'}, {'timestamp': '08-31-2005', 'event': 'On 31 August 2005, Singapore Polytechnic buried a time capsule in order to conclude year-long celebrations of its 50th anniversary of its founding in 1954.'}, {'timestamp': '2029', 'event': 'it is scheduled to be re-opened in 2029 for its 75th anniversary.'}, {'timestamp': '1777', 'event': 'A 1777 time capsule was discovered within a religious statue in Sotillo de la Ribera (Burgos).'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-2010', 'event': 'A time capsule was buried in the presence of the President of India near the auditorium of IIT Kanpur on 6 March 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '11-29-2394', 'event': "The Seoul Millennium Time Capsule in Namsangol Hanok Village was buried in 1994 to celebrate Seoul's 600th anniversary as the capital of Korea. It contains 600 items chosen to represent the city. The time capsule is set to be opened on 29 November 2394, on the city's 1000th anniversary."}, {'timestamp': '1990s', 'event': 'A ~20-man, White War military barracks on Mount Scorluzzo—which had been locked up at the end of World War I—became partly accessible from the 1990s and completely accessible in 2015 because of melting glaciers.'}, {'timestamp': '2018', 'event': 'The El Hogar Building in Escolta, Manila contained a time capsule behind a copper plaque and is believed to contain mostly Spanish-language works. It was reportedly removed from the building in 2018.'}, {'timestamp': '1975', 'event': "In 1975, part of Singapore's contribution to an International Ocean Exposition held in Okinawa, Japan entitled The Sea We Would Like to See was a research project using floating time capsules."}, {'timestamp': '1950', 'event': 'A capsule buried in 1950 under the then Royal Island Club (now the Singapore Island Country Club) was thought to be lost but later found by construction workers in 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '2000', 'event': "Millennium Vault, Europe's largest time capsule was built in 2000 in Guildford, Surrey."}, {'timestamp': '1949', 'event': 'In 1949, a capsule was buried at Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road) containing school magazines, a bible and records of major donors.'}, {'timestamp': '2017-09-17', 'event': 'On 17 September 2017 near the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund in the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago, scientific researchers buried a 60-centimeter stainless steel tube containing samples designed to tell finders as long as half a million years into the future, about the current state of knowledge in such areas as geology, biology, and technology.'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': "In 1970, one of Singapore's founding leaders, Dr Goh Keng Swee laid a copper cylinder containing newspapers and Singapore bank notes from the era, somewhere in the former National Stadium."}, {'timestamp': '06-26-2000', 'event': "Rotary Club Time Capsule Monument (GPS: 3.15912, 101.69825) is a commemorative monument along Jalan Sultan Ismail in Kuala Lumpur. It was originally located at Dataran Merdeka, but was relocated to Jalan Sultan Ismail around 2016. It comprises a stainless steel column topped with a Rotary International logo. At the base is a black marble-encased pedestal under which a time capsule is buried. The monument was erected to celebrate the presence of Rotary in Malaysia since 1929. It was officiated by the mayor of Kuala Lumpur, Tan Sri Dato' Kamaruzzaman bin Shariff, on 26 June 2000."}, {'timestamp': '2017-03-21', 'event': "On 21 March 2017, a time capsule bearing the name of its creator, James D Robinson, was 'sealed' at an informal gathering in a local church hall."}, {'timestamp': '2024-01-13', 'event': 'On 13 January 2024, The Arch Mission Foundation installed the Global Knowledge Vault inside the Hagerbach deep underground tunnel system, near Flums Switzerland.'}, {'timestamp': '08-15-1972', 'event': 'Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had buried a time capsule outside one of the gate of Red Fort complex,The Indira Gandhi government named this time capsule "Kalpaatra", Delhi containing post-independence history of India on 15 August 1972 amid political opposition.'}, {'timestamp': '1971', 'event': 'Ones buried in London in 1971 and 1984 were opened in January 2000.'}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': "In 2015, a time capsule buried to celebrate Singapore's 25th year of independence was dug up and replaced with one celebrating 50 years as a sovereign nation."}]
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Timeline of time capsules
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[{'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'A geologist left a bottled message in 1959 in a cairn on Ward Hunt Island.'}, {'timestamp': '2999-12-31', 'event': '6 Feet underground in the Chinook Centre in Calgary, Alberta; to be opened on 31 December 2999.'}, {'timestamp': '2076-10-01', 'event': "To be opened at the CN Tower's 100th anniversary On 1 October 2076."}, {'timestamp': '2019', 'event': 'In 2019, a time capsule was commissioned by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research to observe the grand opening of the Shagaya Renewable Energy Park.'}, {'timestamp': '2013-12-15', 'event': "On 15 December 2013, a time capsule was buried in the garden of the English School, Kuwait to commemorate the school's 60th anniversary."}, {'timestamp': '2005-12-20', 'event': 'On 20 December 2005, a time capsule was installed by National Library of Kuwait.'}, {'timestamp': '1976-06-01', 'event': "On 1 June 1976, as the construction of Hayam Wuruk Building (Wisma Hayam Wuruk) in Central Jakarta, Jakarta finished, a time capsule was buried in the building's structure."}, {'timestamp': '1994', 'event': 'At the start of the construction of the Matahari Tower in Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang Regency, Banten in 1994, a time capsule was embedded.'}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': 'To commemorate 70th anniversary of Indonesian independence, a time capsule was buried in a square of Merauke town, Merauke Regency, South Papua in 2015.'}, {'timestamp': '2018-11-16', 'event': 'Merauke Time Capsule Monument is built upon the buried capsule, it was inaugurated on 16 November 2018.'}, {'timestamp': '2010-10', 'event': 'A privately funded time capsule, buried in front of the former city hall of Puerto Montt in October 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '2010-09-29', 'event': 'The Cápsula Bicentenario (Bicentennial Capsule), a publicly funded capsule created to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Chile, was buried on 29 September 2010.'}, {'timestamp': '1892', 'event': 'The Monument to Christopher Columbus in Durazno was designed in 1892.'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'In 1992, the time capsule was opened.'}, {'timestamp': '2092', 'event': 'the original artifacts were replaced with new objects to be retrieved in 2092.'}, {'timestamp': '2024', 'event': 'Echoes From The Valley of Existence time capsule including DNA, by Amy Karle on Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost lunar lander carried by SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.'}, {'timestamp': '11-18-2115', 'event': "100 Years, a film shot and produced in 2015 with release scheduled for 18 November 2115. It is being kept in a high-tech safe behind bulletproof glass that will open automatically on the film's premiere."}, {'timestamp': '20th anniversary', 'event': 'Yahoo Time Capsule, open as Yahoo.com 20th anniversary.'}, {'timestamp': '2026', 'event': 'Another copy will be aboard Astrolab’s lunar rover, set to be launched on SpaceX’s Starship rocket in 2026.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'A geologist left a bottled message in 1959 in a cairn on Ward Hunt Island.'}]
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Timeline of the Achaemenid Empire
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[{'timestamp': '550 BC', 'event': 'The Achaemenid Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty.'}, {'timestamp': '330 BC', 'event': 'By 330 BC, the Achaemenid Empire was conquered by Alexander the Great.'}, {'timestamp': '321 BC', 'event': 'The Partition of Triparadisus in 321 BC marked the emergence of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Seleucid Empire.'}, {'timestamp': '850 BC', 'event': 'Around 850 BC the original nomadic people who began the empire called themselves the Parsa.'}, {'timestamp': '1000 BC', 'event': 'The Persians arrived in what is today Iran c.\u2009 1000 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '553 BC', 'event': 'Cyrus revolted against the Median Empire in 553 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '546 BC', 'event': "Cyrus led a counterattack which not only fought off Croesus' armies, but also led to the capture of Sardis and the fall of the Lydian Kingdom in 546 BC."}, {'timestamp': '539 BC', 'event': 'In October 539 BC, Cyrus won a battle against the Babylonians at Opis.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10-539 BC', 'event': 'Cyrus captured the city of Babylon on 12 October, where the Babylonian king Nabonidus was taken prisoner.'}, {'timestamp': '530 BC', 'event': 'In 530 BC, Cyrus died, presumably while on a military expedition against the Massagetae in Central Asia.'}, {'timestamp': '526 BC', 'event': 'Pharaoh Amasis II had died in 526, and had been succeeded by Psamtik III.'}, {'timestamp': '525 BC', 'event': 'By 525 BC, Cambyses had successfully subjugated Phoenicia and Cyprus and was making preparations to invade Egypt.'}, {'timestamp': '524 BC', 'event': 'the epitaph of Apis shows that Cambyses participated in the funeral rites of Apis styling himself as pharaoh.'}, {'timestamp': '522 BC', 'event': 'Cambyses heard news of it in the summer of 522 BC and began to return from Egypt, but he was wounded in the thigh in Syria and died of gangrene.'}, {'timestamp': '522 BC', 'event': 'According to the Behistun inscription, Gaumata ruled for seven months before being overthrown in 522 BC by Darius the Great.'}, {'timestamp': '510s BC', 'event': 'Ever since the Macedonian king Amyntas I surrendered his country to the Persians in about 512–511.'}, {'timestamp': '513', 'event': 'after immense preparations—a huge Achaemenid army invaded the Balkans and tried to defeat the European Scythians roaming to the north of the Danube river.'}, {'timestamp': '499 BC', 'event': 'The Ionian Revolt in 499 BC, and associated revolts in Aeolis, Doris, Cyprus, and Caria, were military rebellions by several regions of Asia Minor against Persian rule, lasting from 499 to 493 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '499 BC', 'event': 'In 499 BC, the then-tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, launched a joint expedition with the Persian satrap Artaphernes to conquer Naxos.'}, {'timestamp': '493 BC', 'event': 'The Persians continued to reduce the cities along the west coast that still held out against them, before finally imposing a peace settlement in 493 BC on Ionia that was generally considered to be both just and fair.'}, {'timestamp': '492 BC', 'event': 'The Persian general Mardonius re-subjugated Thrace and made Macedonia a fully subordinate part of the empire; it had been a vassal as early as the late 6th century BC but retained a great deal of autonomy.'}, {'timestamp': '490 BC', 'event': 'The Persian forces were defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon and Darius I would die before having the chance to launch an invasion of Greece.'}, {'timestamp': '480 BC', 'event': 'His army entered Greece from the north in the spring of 480 BC, meeting little or no resistance through Macedonia and Thessaly, but was delayed by a small Greek force for three days at Thermopylae.'}, {'timestamp': '480 BC', 'event': 'The Greeks won a decisive victory over the Persian fleet at the Battle of Salamis and forced Xerxes to retire to Sardis.'}, {'timestamp': '479 BC', 'event': 'The land army which he left in Greece under Mardonius retook Athens but was eventually destroyed in 479 BC at the Battle of Plataea.'}, {'timestamp': '469 BC', 'event': 'After Persia had been defeated at the Battle of Eurymedon (469 or 466 BC), military action between Greece and Persia was halted.'}, {'timestamp': '450 BC', 'event': 'This funding practice inevitably prompted renewed fighting in 450 BC, where the Greeks attacked at the Battle of Cyprus.'}, {'timestamp': '449 BC', 'event': 'The Peace of Callias was agreed between Athens, Argos and Persia in 449 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '424 BC', 'event': 'When Artaxerxes died in 424 BC at Susa, his body was taken to the tomb already built for him in the Naqsh-e Rustam Necropolis.'}, {'timestamp': '407 BC', 'event': "In 407 BC, Darius' son Cyrus the Younger was appointed to replace Tissaphernes and aid was given entirely to Sparta which finally defeated Athens in 404 BC."}, {'timestamp': '404 BC', 'event': 'In the same year, Darius fell ill and died in Babylon.'}, {'timestamp': '401 BC', 'event': 'Cyrus assembled a large army, including a contingent of Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries, and made his way deeper into Persia.'}, {'timestamp': '387 BC', 'event': 'In 387 BC, Artaxerxes II betrayed his allies and came to an arrangement with Sparta.'}, {'timestamp': '385 BC', 'event': 'In 385 BC he campaigned against the Cadusians.'}, {'timestamp': '373 BC', 'event': 'An attempt to reconquer Egypt in 373 BC was completely unsuccessful.'}, {'timestamp': '372-362 BC', 'event': 'He quashed the Revolt of the Satraps in 372–362 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '400 BC', 'event': "His main wife was Stateira, until she was poisoned by Artaxerxes II's mother Parysatis in about 400 BC."}, {'timestamp': '358 BC', 'event': 'Artaxerxes II died and was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes III.'}, {'timestamp': '355 BC', 'event': "Artaxerxes III forced Athens to conclude a peace which required the city's forces to leave Asia Minor and to acknowledge the independence of its rebellious allies."}, {'timestamp': '354 BC', 'event': 'the combined forces managed to defeat the forces sent by Artaxerxes III in 354 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '353 BC', 'event': "in 353 BC, they were defeated by Artaxerxes III's army and were disbanded."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 351 BC', 'event': 'In c.\u2009 351 BC, Artaxerxes embarked on a campaign to recover Egypt, which had revolted under his father, Artaxerxes II.'}, {'timestamp': '343 BC', 'event': 'In 343 BC, Artaxerxes committed responsibility for the suppression of the Cyprian rebels to Idrieus, prince of Caria.'}, {'timestamp': '343 BC', 'event': 'The reduction of Sidon was followed closely by the invasion of Egypt.'}, {'timestamp': '10 years', 'event': 'For the 10 years that Persia controlled Egypt, believers in the native religion were persecuted and sacred books were stolen.'}, {'timestamp': '340 BC', 'event': 'a Persian force was dispatched to assist the Thracian prince, Cersobleptes, to maintain his independence.'}, {'timestamp': '338 BC', 'event': 'Artaxerxes was poisoned by Bagoas with the assistance of a physician.'}, {'timestamp': '334 BC', 'event': 'when Darius was just succeeding in subduing Egypt again, Alexander and his battle-hardened troops invaded Asia Minor.'}, {'timestamp': '334 BC', 'event': 'Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) defeated the Persian armies at Granicus.'}, {'timestamp': '333 BC', 'event': 'followed by Issus.'}, {'timestamp': '331 BC', 'event': 'and lastly at Gaugamela.'}, {'timestamp': '330 BC', 'event': 'Afterwards, he marched on Susa and Persepolis which surrendered in early 330 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '323 BC', 'event': "Upon Alexander's death in 323 BC, his empire was divided among his generals, the Diadochi, resulting in a number of smaller states."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150 BC', 'event': 'Vahbarz or Vādfradād I obtained independence c.\u2009 150 BC, when Seleucid power waned in the areas of southwestern Persia and the Persian Gulf region.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 171–138 BC', 'event': 'The Parthian Arsacid king Mithridates I (c. 171–138 BC) took control of Persis.'}, {'timestamp': '224 AD', 'event': "Šābuhr's brother and successor, Ardaxšir (Artaxerxes) V, defeated the last legitimate Parthian king, Artabanos V in 224 AD."}, {'timestamp': '281 BC', 'event': 'The Pontic Kingdom, a state of Persian origin, may even have been directly related to Darius I and the Achaemenid dynasty. It was founded by Mithridates I in 281 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '63 BC', 'event': 'lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '397 BC', 'event': 'Artaxerxes II who in the summer of 397 BC would build a formidable navy, as part of a rearmament which would lead to his decisive victory at Knidos in 394 BC, re-establishing Achaemenid power in Ionia.'}, {'timestamp': '394 BC', 'event': 'Artaxerxes II would also use his navy to later on quell a rebellion in Egypt.'}, {'timestamp': '327 BC', 'event': 'Years later, when Alexander invaded Persia and during his advancement into India, he took a page from the Persian art of war, by having Hephaestion and Perdiccas construct a similar boat-bridge at the Indus river in the spring of 327 BC.'}, {'timestamp': '458 BC', 'event': 'The use of Elamite is not attested after 458 BC.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '550 BC', 'event': 'The Achaemenid Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty.'}]
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Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency
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[{'timestamp': '03-04-1933', 'event': 'First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt'}, {'timestamp': '03-05-1933', 'event': 'President Roosevelt calls for the 73rd United States Congress to participate in an extraordinary session the following Thursday, March 9. During the night hours he proclaim a national holiday during the midnight of March 9.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1933', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces his intent to have deposits in banks held in a cash form, followed by being sent to the federal reserve bank or turned into government bonds.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1933', 'event': 'Secretary of the Treasury William H. Woodin issues a regulation allowing the reopening of banks the following day for submitting of new deposits.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1933', 'event': "President Roosevelt is announced as having left the Roosevelt & O'Connor law firm."}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1933', 'event': "Former President Herbert Hoover signals support for President Roosevelt's emergency banking program and urges others to do the same."}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1933', 'event': 'Secretary of the Treasury Woodin announces regulations applicable during the national banking holiday.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1933', 'event': 'Senate Democrats consent to voting as a collective in favor of recommendations President Roosevelt submitted whenever one of them is dictated to the caucus. The move is seen as assuring that any legislation President Roosevelt requests will pass through the Senate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07-1933', 'event': 'President Roosevelt holds a two-hour session with members of his cabinet deciding the banks would be reopened under conditions that would give depositors confidence along with a haste-filled return of hoarding currency. President Roosevelt accepts the resignation of his cousin Governor General of the Philippines Theodore Roosevelt Jr.'}, {'timestamp': '03-08-1933', 'event': "President Roosevelt announces a program's completion to reopen banks across the US. President Roosevelt holds his first news conference."}, {'timestamp': '12-01-1933', 'event': 'Agriculture Secretary Wallace announces a Ford dealer bid for 700 trucks on the part of the civilian conservation corps during the evening.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-1933', 'event': 'Interior Secretary Ickes says 8,000,000 are currently working under easy money allotments. Treasury Department reports showing the debt will be higher than at any point in history if the recovery drive fulfills expectations are made public.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04-1933', 'event': 'The State Department receives formal notification on the part of Texas in regards to the repeal of the prohibition amendment.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05-1933', 'event': 'Secretary Ickes announces the formation of the Federal Substance Homesteads, a corporation meant to inaugurate and administrate substance homestead projects.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-1933', 'event': 'President Roosevelt condemns lynching during an address to Protestant churchmen in Washington.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-1933', 'event': 'Secretary Ickes announces the US will not spend funds for sea domes across the trans-Atlantic airway until Europe issues a pledge that its troops will not use the creation to fly across to America.'}, {'timestamp': '12-08-1933', 'event': 'Secretary Ickes announces the creation of 12,000 new jobs as a result of a loan of US$34 million to the Chicago Sanitary District.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09-1933', 'event': "Secretary Ickes issues an order warning public works employees against manufactures' agent James Bernard."}, {'timestamp': '12-11-1933', 'event': 'President Roosevelt holds his first news conference with joint senate and house on liquor taxes committee members and stresses the new federal taxes would have to be low enough to drown out bootleggers of liquor with inexpensive legal liquor.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12-1933', 'event': 'Labor Secretary Perkins apologizes for remarks in the spring that were interpreted as implying she believed the south was in need of footwear during a speech in Atlanta, Georgia.'}, {'timestamp': '12-14-1933', 'event': "Secretary of Agriculture Wallace's annual report, in which he states the New Deal will require government regulations on business enterprise profits, is made public. Acting Secretary of Treasury Morgenthau declares he will not accept compromises on civil income tax claims."}, {'timestamp': '12-15-1933', 'event': 'Acting Secretary of Treasury Morgenthau discusses tax proposals while speaking to the house ways and means subcommittee on Capitol Hill.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-1933', 'event': 'It is learned that President Roosevelt has a program for formal devaluation of the dollar being developed for release in the near future alongside a stabilization of the modified gold currency.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-1933', 'event': "President Roosevelt organizes the administration's national security council for acquisition of field work for various recovery agencies alongside an order for local representation for consumers in cities nationwide."}, {'timestamp': '12-20-1933', 'event': 'President Roosevelt invites all employees not regimented under a general NRA code to extend their aligning with his reemployment agreement for another four months.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-1934', 'event': 'Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty and the London Naval Treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '09-15-1935', 'event': 'The Reichstag passes the Nuremberg Laws, introducing antisemitism in German legislation.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25-1936', 'event': 'The Second London Naval Treaty is signed by the United Kingdom, United States, and France. Italy and Japan each declined to sign this treaty.'}, {'timestamp': '11-03-1936', 'event': 'Reelected in a landslide.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-1937', 'event': 'Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-1938', 'event': 'Évian Conference: The United States and the United Kingdom refuse to accept any more Jewish refugees.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-1939', 'event': 'World War 2 begins with the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany.'}, {'timestamp': '11-05-1940', 'event': 'Reelected to a third term.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-1940', 'event': 'Arsenal of Democracy'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-1941', 'event': 'Third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-1941', 'event': 'Attack on Pearl Harbor'}, {'timestamp': '12-08-1941', 'event': 'Infamy Speech'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-1942', 'event': 'United States Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson reveals the American flag is still hanging over Manila and warns the US against viewing the ongoing conflict with Japan "thru rose colored glasses." The Departments of State and War disclose criticism of the American Navy at Pearl Harbor as a closed incident. United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom John Gilbert Winant reads a message from President Roosevelt reflecting on the prior year of 1941 during a pageant in London.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-1942', 'event': "The War Department issues a statement saying American and Philippines troops continue combating Japanese forces in the aftermath of the Philippine capital being lost. President Roosevelt holds a press conference in Washington. President Roosevelt announces the government is studying the potential moving of vital arms plants away from danger zones on the coasts. The White House announces 26 countries have signed an agreement to combat Germany until the war's conclusion."}, {'timestamp': '01-03-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt spends the morning working on the budget and an annual message to congress and resumes conferences with allied leaders in the White House during the afternoon.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-1942', 'event': "The Navy Department reveals the appointment of President Roosevelt's naval aide John R. Beardall for superintendent of the Annapolis Naval academy."}, {'timestamp': '01-06-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt delivers the 1942 State of the Union Address.'}, {'timestamp': '01-07-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces the nomination of Laurence Steinhardt for United States Ambassador to Turkey. United States Attorney General Francis Biddle says a re-registration of enemy aliens for provisions of "tighter control" akin to the aftermath of the first World War is under consideration.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-1942', 'event': 'The Senate votes 48 to 37 to adopt an amendment for the price fixing bill. The amendment gives the United States Secretary of Agriculture veto power on raw product prices over farm prices.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-1942', 'event': 'The Senate votes 83 to 1 for the Roosevelt administration-supported price control bill.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-1942', 'event': 'The White House announces the establishment of the Joint United States-Mexican Defense commission by President Roosevelt and President of Mexico Manuel Ávila Camacho.'}, {'timestamp': '01-18-1942', 'event': 'United States Secretary of Agriculture Claude R. Wickard speaks on preventing a predicted shortage of sugar, oil, and fats by the end of the year during an evening radio broadcast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-19-1942', 'event': 'The Senate votes in favor of a bill authorizing the president control over telephonic systems and other wire communications during times of war exactly one month after the same bill was approved by the House on December 19 of the previous year.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-1942', 'event': 'Nazis at the Wannsee conference in Berlin decide that the "final solution to the Jewish problem" is relocation, and later extermination.'}, {'timestamp': '01-21-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of State Hull figures the State Department has spoken against a surprise attack in the Pacific Ocean to the US Army and Navy.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-1942', 'event': 'House and Senate conferees approve a Roosevelt administration price control bill compromise agreement. The bill sees farm prices rise by 11% and forbids the establishment of a maximum price on farm commodity without the United States Secretary of Agriculture approving. United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. says individuals thrown out of work are under consideration by the treasury to have their income tax payments eased through the conversion program to war production.'}, {'timestamp': '01-23-1942', 'event': "President Roosevelt says he is expecting to receive the Robert board's report on who bears responsibility for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor following an investigation in Hawaii during a press conference."}, {'timestamp': '01-24-1942', 'event': "The White House announces President Roosevelt's intention to request Congress promote Generals Hugh Casey, Clinton Pierce, Arnold Funk, William Marquat, and Harold George to the brigadier general rank. The Department of Agriculture announces the operation of 18 mobile camps for the sheltering of 2,700 families of migratory farm laborers to meet farm labor standards."}]
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[{'timestamp': '03-04-1933', 'event': 'First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt'}]
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Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency
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[{'timestamp': '01-27-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces 6, 8, or 10 American expeditionary forces positioned at strategic fronts across the globe for the purpose of carrying American forces to a gradual victory in the war during a press conference in the afternoon. The House unanimously votes for a bill carrying 20 billions of dollars for the strengthening of the US Navy. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill announce, simultaneously in Washington and London, the members composing the three boards creating a joint high command for American and British forces to better align against the Axis forces.'}, {'timestamp': '01-28-1942', 'event': "President Roosevelt approves an act authorizing a defense fund of 100 million, the act making it illegal to wear the insignias of aids of civilian defense unless authorized. United States Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox says the job of the US Navy is fighting globally against 'one indivisible total enemy.'"}, {'timestamp': '01-29-1942', 'event': "The White House announces President Roosevelt's second fireside chat will likely take place on February 22, the birthday of former U.S. President George Washington."}, {'timestamp': '01-30-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt celebrates his 60th birthday at the White House with a visit from actors and delivering a radio address expressing appreciation for those who donated to charity for infantile paralysis victims.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31-1942', 'event': 'The Department of the Navy announces the establishment of the Office of Procurement and Material.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01-1942', 'event': "Attorney General Biddle says the government is 'taking every precaution' in the prevention of fifth column activities during the evening."}, {'timestamp': '02-02-1942', 'event': 'The Senate unanimously confirms the naval appropriations bill of 26.5 billion for funding of 25,063 naval aircraft and changes to both of the ocean naval construction programs.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-1942', 'event': 'The State Department announces they have learned American, British, and Dutch consular authorities from Shanghai have been moved to the Cathay mansions from French authorities. Attorney General Biddle establishes a war frauds unit for the purpose of investigation and prosecution of complaints stemming from war production contracts.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-1942', 'event': 'United States Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins and the War Labor board hold a conference.'}, {'timestamp': '02-08-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of the Interior Ickes announces a proposal from the bureau of mines for a 38 million program for prompting the use of the domestic manganese in relation to the wartime steel industry.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces he was made privy to his eligibility for a US$37,500 pension by a friend. President Roosevelt requests Congress submit additional funds of 5 billion 430 million for lend lease aid through June 30 of the following year.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12-1942', 'event': 'First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt reports the Office of Civilian Defense is nearing completion.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces Congress receiving the responsibility for economy in branches of non-defense.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-1942', 'event': 'The Navy Department the secret convening of a special naval court in response to the fire which swept the SS Normandie five days prior.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15-1942', 'event': 'United States Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox announces work on the Norfolk navy yard within several weeks.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-1942', 'event': 'The Navy Department announces the E. H. Blum tanker received damage two days prior on the Atlantic coast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-1942', 'event': 'White House Press Secretary Stephen Early announces President Roosevelt has been ordered to abstain from his duties as the result of a slight cold during the evening. Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau reports the treasury procurement division is on schedule with lend-lease supplies purchases.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-1942', 'event': 'A spokesman for the Treasury Department says the department has approval for provisions meant to protect motorists form theft of their federal automobile tax stamps.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-1942', 'event': 'The Navy Department declines commenting on allegations by Martin Agronsky broadcast the previous day in which Agronsky claimed that Java-based American troops had not been able to combat 32 Japanese bombers that had attacked.'}, {'timestamp': '02-24-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt holds a press conference in which he says he does not want to speak on the possibility of dispatches from the Bataan peninsula indicating a dispute between General Douglas MacArthur and other commanding officers due to an admitted lack of knowledge on the event.'}, {'timestamp': '02-26-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt increases US legations located in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Paraguay to embassy status in recognizing that all three nations severed relations with axis powers.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt denounces farm bloc senate members trying to modify a war appropriations bill to not dispose surpluses of wheat, corn, and cotton. Secretary of War Stimson announces the authorization of 10,000,000 in relief fund expenditures among the civilians in the Philippines by General Douglas MacArthur.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-1942', 'event': "United States Assistant Secretary of State Adolf A. Berle identifies the United Nations' fight against those proposing to do away with the rights of men as a war for the public during an address through the Mutual Broadcasting System during the evening. United States Assistant Secretary of War John J. McCloy announces the United States Army is seeking new recruits to assist with the planned offensive by the UN for the following year and commissions will be granted mainly to men with rising in ranking."}, {'timestamp': '03-02-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt issues an order eliminating a large portion of the independent commands alongside creating three basic units to have authority over all phases of military action. The Navy and War Departments announce Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell has been relieved of leadership in the South and West Pacific and that command will be passed to the Dutch. Attorney General Biddle advocates for civil liberties to be watched over by attorneys in each community during an address to the house delegates of the American Bar Association.'}, {'timestamp': '03-03-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau says early rationing of every commodity is needed for inflation control within the US alongside announcing a 7 billion 810 million tax program.'}, {'timestamp': '03-05-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt meets with Secretary of War Stimson, General George Marshall, Admiral Ernest King, Admiral Harold Stark, Harry Hopkins, and Henry H. Arnold before the group is joined by British members of the British-American staff during the conference in the afternoon. Secretary of War Stimson announces Java was sent material air reinforcements the previous week during a press conference.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt repudiates Oliver Lyttleton for the latter announcing American naval being present in the Eritrea red sea due to the information of its existence being of potential value to enemies during a press conference.'}, {'timestamp': '03-08-1942', 'event': "First Lady Roosevelt defends the Farm Society administration from 'economy minded people' during her sponsored weekly broadcast. Secretary of Interior Ickes announces five meetings being held during the month for the hastening of domestic mineral resource mobilization."}, {'timestamp': '03-09-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of the Interior Ickes approves a plan from the industry transportation committee meant to allocate available tanker space in the movement of oil to the Atlantic coast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt reads a letter from Dean of Harvard Law School James M. Landis that the latter meant for the president to the Federal Works Agency in regards to blacking out federal buildings amid air raids during a press conference. During the conference, Roosevelt also suggests the possibility of forming a single force through the merging of the military and naval forces, citing a possibility for a more efficient military power.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces Leo T. Crowley as alien property custodian, ending a struggle for control over the property between Attorney General Biddle and Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-1942', 'event': 'The State Department announces during the night that it has made objections to the Vatican on the possible creation of relations between Japan and the Holy See.'}, {'timestamp': '03-13-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt holds a press conference in which he calls for politics to be ignored in favor of coming to the realization that the US is at war. Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau appears before the senate finance committee in support of hastening a bill increasing the national debt limit from 65 billion to 125 billion.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-1942', 'event': 'The Navy announces twelve allied warships have sunk during the conflict to keep Japanese forces out of Java.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-1942', 'event': 'The Navy announces names of Pearl Harbor heroes who were reward honors by President Roosevelt and Secretary Knox.'}, {'timestamp': '03-16-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of War Stimson announces in a War Department communique issuing that American army units are currently in Australia. President Roosevelt requests Congress approve an additional funding for the navy department for the remainder of the fiscal year.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt holds a press conference in which he speaks against a congressional movement to abolish the 40 hour work week. Roosevelt also states his intent to ask Congress the following day for an increase of seventeen and a half billion toward army warplanes.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-1942', 'event': "Secretary of the Navy Knox says the next 60 days will see a 'considerable increase in the submarine patrol fleet along the eastern coast' during a press conference in New York."}, {'timestamp': '03-19-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of War Stimson tells Congress of potentially creating legislation that would ratify the salary of Philippine soldiers to that of American service members.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-1942', 'event': "President Roosevelt holds a press conference that during which he says a possible shortage in important skilled labor industries may be formed during the upcoming fall. President Roosevelt designates the upcoming April 6 as 'Army Day' in a presidential proclamation."}]
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[{'timestamp': '01-27-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces 6, 8, or 10 American expeditionary forces positioned at strategic fronts across the globe for the purpose of carrying American forces to a gradual victory in the war during a press conference in the afternoon. The House unanimously votes for a bill carrying 20 billions of dollars for the strengthening of the US Navy. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill announce, simultaneously in Washington and London, the members composing the three boards creating a joint high command for American and British forces to better align against the Axis forces.'}]
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Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency
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[{'timestamp': '03-21-1942', 'event': 'The Navy Department announces the gunboat Asheville has been assumed lost in south of Java. Press Secretary Early says President Roosevelt is opposed to abolishing both the Civilian Conservation corps and the National Youth administration.'}, {'timestamp': '03-22-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau announces his intention to offer two issues of certified indebtedness at the beginning of the following month.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces his intention to nominate John Marston for major general.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24-1942', 'event': 'President of Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza García states he has informed President Roosevelt that the forces of the US will not be of necessity in defending the Nicaraguan coasts.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25-1942', 'event': "Attorney General Biddle denounces Assistant Attorney General Arnold for his accusations that organized labor is destroying small businesses and casting both farmers and consumers 'at its mercy.'"}, {'timestamp': '04-01-1942', 'event': 'The War Department reports American and Filipino raiders have succeeded in destroying Japanese military installations within Zamboanga City as well as leveled 22 warehouses of war-stock.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02', 'event': 'The War Production board orders a halt on producing crops meant to be containers for beer, soft drinks, catsup, jellies, and preserves be effective following the upcoming April 28.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04', 'event': 'The Navy announces the torpedoing of a US merchant vessel, a Norwegian cargo ship, a Latvian merchantman, and a small Canadian ship by submarines.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05', 'event': 'The War Production board announces it being advised of numerous labor-management committees being organized and these groups reporting "large increases in production already."'}, {'timestamp': '04-06', 'event': 'Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau says the offering by the treasury of one and a half billion dollars were favorably received and he praises the performance of the security dealers.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07', 'event': 'The Navy Department announces the acceptance of black volunteer enlistment for in the role of reservists of general service for the branches of the navy, marine corps, and coast guard.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'President Roosevelt designates the upcoming May 17 as "I Am An American Day". The War Production board announces a small scale conversion of drinking liquor to industrial alcohol.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09', 'event': 'The Department of Commerce reports an uptake of 52% in American merchandise exports from corresponding months of the previous year.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10', 'event': 'President Roosevelt authorizes federal offices for the inspection of factories as well as auditing privately owned armament plants books and records at any point via an executive order.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11', 'event': 'The War Department announces the development of jeeps that can go into water.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12', 'event': 'The government adds 452 individuals and firms to Latin America and European countries of neutrality.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14', 'event': 'President Roosevelt issues an executive order stripping United States Secretary of Commerce Jesse H. Jones of his abilities to organize materials for the war production program and transferring the ability to Vice President Wallace.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15', 'event': 'The Navy reports 18 ranking marine corps officers have received an advancement on the retiring list and announces General John Marston has assumed leadership of Camp Elliot in San Diego, California. Acting Secretary of State Summer Welles orders a suspension of assistance on an economic level in regards to the Vichy government.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16', 'event': 'The Navy reports two American ships and one Swedish ship as having been sunk by enemy submarines within the Atlantic coastal waters. President Roosevelt issues an order of reorganization of the Office of Civilian Defense for bring it closer to other war agencies and with the purpose of defining the reason behind its existence.'}, {'timestamp': '04-17', 'event': 'Secretary of War Stimson declares the US army as nearing being ready to go on the offensive and being able to do so upon reaching the aforementioned readiness.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18', 'event': 'The War Production board announces its choice to prohibit commercial laundry equipment manufacturing following June 1 and dry-cleaning machinery the following July 1.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19', 'event': 'The War Production board states its intent of sending questionnaires to Americans using forms of metal to gain more adept knowledge of "United States metal use and requirements."'}, {'timestamp': '04-20', 'event': 'The Navy Department takes over three plants of the Brewster Aeronautical corporation while acting under a presidential order. Congressional leaders report President Roosevelt not wanting anything to be done by Congress about inflation despite his distaste for it.'}, {'timestamp': '04-21', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces the use of enemy patents captured being applied to assist the US during the war amid a press conference.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-1943', 'event': 'At a press conference, President Roosevelt issues a statement on the "supreme necessity" to plan for peace after World War II\'s conclusion and for the unity caused by the United Nations to prevent a similar conflict in the future.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-1943', 'event': 'It is reported that James F. Byrnes views that Congress should be permitted to make its own decision on new taxes.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-1943', 'event': 'Undersecretary of War Robert P. Patterson says military equipment production is a job that can only be planned by the army and cites this as the reason for his belief that the army should be the only one controlling its production.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1943', 'event': 'President Roosevelt holds a press conference, during which stating his intent to convey a message to Congress on the hope for a United Nations victory the following year after being asked if his remarks the previous day were meant to imply his belief that the war would end in a year.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1943', 'event': 'President Roosevelt gives authorization to a pay-as-you-go tax plan amid admitting this plan includes problems such as the uncertainty whether the government will forgive a part or all of the current taxes due.'}, {'timestamp': '11-27-1943', 'event': 'The War Department releases the names of 322 US service members missing in action to the public.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28-1943', 'event': 'Tehran Conference held in Tehran, Iran.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-1944', 'event': 'The War Department announces the appointment of Walter Bedell Smith to Chief of Staff for Allied Supreme Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-1944', 'event': 'President Roosevelt instructs the Secretaries of Navy and War to ensure sitting members of Congress remain without serving in active service units, saying in a formal statement that he had been advised by United States Attorney General Francis Biddle that concurrent service in the military and Congress was forbidden by the Constitution.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23-1944', 'event': 'President Roosevelt orders Secretary of War Stimson to seize control of the municipal water and power department in Los Angeles.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23-1944', 'event': 'Acting Secretary of State Edward Stettinius Jr. says the US hopes Finland will get out of World War II during a press conference.'}, {'timestamp': '06-06-1944', 'event': 'D-Day commences.'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1944', 'event': 'Reelected to a fourth term.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-1945', 'event': 'Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-1945', 'event': 'Yalta Conference held near Yalta, Crimea.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-1945', 'event': 'FDR dies. Harry S. Truman becomes the 33rd president of the United States.'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'President Roosevelt designates the upcoming May 17 as "I Am An American Day". The War Production board announces a small scale conversion of drinking liquor to industrial alcohol.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05', 'event': 'The War Production board announces it being advised of numerous labor-management committees being organized and these groups reporting "large increases in production already."'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1943', 'event': 'President Roosevelt gives authorization to a pay-as-you-go tax plan amid admitting this plan includes problems such as the uncertainty whether the government will forgive a part or all of the current taxes due.'}, {'timestamp': '04-17', 'event': 'Secretary of War Stimson declares the US army as nearing being ready to go on the offensive and being able to do so upon reaching the aforementioned readiness.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11', 'event': 'The War Department announces the development of jeeps that can go into water.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-1943', 'event': 'It is reported that James F. Byrnes views that Congress should be permitted to make its own decision on new taxes.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10', 'event': 'President Roosevelt authorizes federal offices for the inspection of factories as well as auditing privately owned armament plants books and records at any point via an executive order.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07', 'event': 'The Navy Department announces the acceptance of black volunteer enlistment for in the role of reservists of general service for the branches of the navy, marine corps, and coast guard.'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1944', 'event': 'Reelected to a fourth term.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25-1942', 'event': "Attorney General Biddle denounces Assistant Attorney General Arnold for his accusations that organized labor is destroying small businesses and casting both farmers and consumers 'at its mercy.'"}, {'timestamp': '04-14', 'event': 'President Roosevelt issues an executive order stripping United States Secretary of Commerce Jesse H. Jones of his abilities to organize materials for the war production program and transferring the ability to Vice President Wallace.'}, {'timestamp': '03-22-1942', 'event': 'Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau announces his intention to offer two issues of certified indebtedness at the beginning of the following month.'}, {'timestamp': '04-20', 'event': 'The Navy Department takes over three plants of the Brewster Aeronautical corporation while acting under a presidential order. Congressional leaders report President Roosevelt not wanting anything to be done by Congress about inflation despite his distaste for it.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04', 'event': 'The Navy announces the torpedoing of a US merchant vessel, a Norwegian cargo ship, a Latvian merchantman, and a small Canadian ship by submarines.'}, {'timestamp': '06-06-1944', 'event': 'D-Day commences.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-1945', 'event': 'Yalta Conference held near Yalta, Crimea.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01-1942', 'event': 'The War Department reports American and Filipino raiders have succeeded in destroying Japanese military installations within Zamboanga City as well as leveled 22 warehouses of war-stock.'}, {'timestamp': '11-27-1943', 'event': 'The War Department releases the names of 322 US service members missing in action to the public.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-1943', 'event': 'Undersecretary of War Robert P. Patterson says military equipment production is a job that can only be planned by the army and cites this as the reason for his belief that the army should be the only one controlling its production.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-1942', 'event': 'The Navy Department announces the gunboat Asheville has been assumed lost in south of Java. Press Secretary Early says President Roosevelt is opposed to abolishing both the Civilian Conservation corps and the National Youth administration.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23-1944', 'event': 'Acting Secretary of State Edward Stettinius Jr. says the US hopes Finland will get out of World War II during a press conference.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28-1943', 'event': 'Tehran Conference held in Tehran, Iran.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24-1942', 'event': 'President of Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza García states he has informed President Roosevelt that the forces of the US will not be of necessity in defending the Nicaraguan coasts.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-1943', 'event': 'At a press conference, President Roosevelt issues a statement on the "supreme necessity" to plan for peace after World War II\'s conclusion and for the unity caused by the United Nations to prevent a similar conflict in the future.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-1945', 'event': 'Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.'}, {'timestamp': '04-21', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces the use of enemy patents captured being applied to assist the US during the war amid a press conference.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-1945', 'event': 'FDR dies. Harry S. Truman becomes the 33rd president of the United States.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23-1944', 'event': 'President Roosevelt orders Secretary of War Stimson to seize control of the municipal water and power department in Los Angeles.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-1944', 'event': 'President Roosevelt instructs the Secretaries of Navy and War to ensure sitting members of Congress remain without serving in active service units, saying in a formal statement that he had been advised by United States Attorney General Francis Biddle that concurrent service in the military and Congress was forbidden by the Constitution.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16', 'event': 'The Navy reports two American ships and one Swedish ship as having been sunk by enemy submarines within the Atlantic coastal waters. President Roosevelt issues an order of reorganization of the Office of Civilian Defense for bring it closer to other war agencies and with the purpose of defining the reason behind its existence.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18', 'event': 'The War Production board announces its choice to prohibit commercial laundry equipment manufacturing following June 1 and dry-cleaning machinery the following July 1.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02', 'event': 'The War Production board orders a halt on producing crops meant to be containers for beer, soft drinks, catsup, jellies, and preserves be effective following the upcoming April 28.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09', 'event': 'The Department of Commerce reports an uptake of 52% in American merchandise exports from corresponding months of the previous year.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1943', 'event': 'President Roosevelt holds a press conference, during which stating his intent to convey a message to Congress on the hope for a United Nations victory the following year after being asked if his remarks the previous day were meant to imply his belief that the war would end in a year.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06', 'event': 'Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau says the offering by the treasury of one and a half billion dollars were favorably received and he praises the performance of the security dealers.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-1944', 'event': 'The War Department announces the appointment of Walter Bedell Smith to Chief of Staff for Allied Supreme Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-1942', 'event': 'President Roosevelt announces his intention to nominate John Marston for major general.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19', 'event': 'The War Production board states its intent of sending questionnaires to Americans using forms of metal to gain more adept knowledge of "United States metal use and requirements."'}, {'timestamp': '04-12', 'event': 'The government adds 452 individuals and firms to Latin America and European countries of neutrality.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15', 'event': 'The Navy reports 18 ranking marine corps officers have received an advancement on the retiring list and announces General John Marston has assumed leadership of Camp Elliot in San Diego, California. Acting Secretary of State Summer Welles orders a suspension of assistance on an economic level in regards to the Vichy government.'}]
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Timeline of Sheffield history
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[{'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 70', 'event': 'A Roman fort was constructed at Templeborough.'}, {'timestamp': 'AD 124', 'event': 'Roman auxiliaries of the Sunuci tribe were granted land in the Stannington area of Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '829', 'event': 'According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, King Egbert of Wessex received the submission of King Eanred of Northumbria at the hamlet of Dore (now a suburb of Sheffield).'}, {'timestamp': '942', 'event': 'Edmund I of England re-conquered the Midlands, and advanced as far as Dore.'}, {'timestamp': '1069/70', 'event': 'Any settlements in the Sheffield area were likely destroyed in the harrying of the North.'}, {'timestamp': '1076', 'event': 'Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton and Lord of the manor of Hallam, was executed.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1102', 'event': 'Hallamshire passes to Roger de Lovetot, along with the Honour of Tickhill.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1130', 'event': 'William de Lovetot founded a church on the (future) site of Sheffield Cathedral.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1150', 'event': 'William de Lovetot built a castle in Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1176 (or 1183)', 'event': 'Beauchief Abbey was established, 4 miles southwest of the town of Sheffield, in Beauchief.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1250', 'event': 'Church House at Handsworth (now the Cross Keys public house) was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1266', 'event': 'A party of barons, led by John de Eyvill, marching from north Lincolnshire to Derbyshire passed through Sheffield and destroyed the town, burning the church and castle.'}, {'timestamp': '1270', 'event': 'Thomas de Furnival, son of Gerard de Furnival, is given licence to crenellate and subsequently builds a large stone castle to replace the wooden castle destroyed in 1266.'}, {'timestamp': '1279–81', 'event': 'In the Quo Warranto enquiries, Thomas de Furnival claims the right to hold a market in Sheffield, to hunt, and to enforce the death penalty.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1280', 'event': 'A new church was consecrated by William II Wickwane the Archbishop of York.'}, {'timestamp': '1293–94', 'event': 'In further Quo Warranto enquiries, Thomas de Furnival claims the right to hold a Sunday market and a fair on the eve and day of Holy Trinity.'}, {'timestamp': '1296-11-12', 'event': 'Sheffield is granted a royal charter to hold a weekly market and a three-day annual fair around Holy Trinity.'}, {'timestamp': '1297', 'event': '"Robert the Cutler" is recorded in a tax return, the earliest surviving reference to the manufacture of cutlery in Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1387', 'event': "Geoffrey Chaucer in The Reeve's Tale from his book The Canterbury Tales gave an early reference to Sheffield and the metal industry for which the town would become famous."}, {'timestamp': '1430', 'event': 'The 1280 parish church was pulled down and replaced with a new building, the core of the present cathedral.'}, {'timestamp': '1434', 'event': '"Barker of Balme" is mentioned in a deed dated this year.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1475', 'event': '"The hawle at the Poandes" (now the Old Queen\'s Head public house) was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1485', 'event': "Lady's Bridge was replaced with a new stone-built bridge, still in existence."}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1500', 'event': "Bishops' House built."}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1510', 'event': 'George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, built the Manor Lodge outside the town.'}, {'timestamp': '1520', 'event': 'The Shrewsbury Chapel was added to Sheffield Parish Church.'}, {'timestamp': '1530', 'event': 'Cardinal Wolsey, following his arrest, was detained at the Manor Lodge for eighteen days.'}, {'timestamp': '1537', 'event': 'Beauchief Abbey was dissolved, the estate becoming the property of Sir Nicholas Strelley.'}, {'timestamp': '1554', 'event': 'A charter establishes the Twelve Capital Burgesses and Commonality of the Town and Parish of Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1570', 'event': 'Mary, Queen of Scots, began her 14-year imprisonment at Sheffield Castle and the Manor Lodge, under the guard of George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury.'}, {'timestamp': '1584', 'event': 'Shepherd Wheel passed to the sons of William Beighton in his will.'}, {'timestamp': '1604', 'event': 'Sheffield Grammar School began.'}, {'timestamp': '1621', 'event': 'Carbrook Hall was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1624', 'event': 'The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire was formed to oversee the cutlery trade in the town.'}, {'timestamp': '1630', 'event': 'Attercliffe Chapel was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1638', 'event': "The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire erect the first Cutlers' Hall."}, {'timestamp': '1642', 'event': 'The people of Sheffield led by Sir John Gell seized Sheffield Castle for the Parliamentarians.'}, {'timestamp': '1643', 'event': 'The castle was taken by Royalist forces.'}, {'timestamp': '1648', 'event': 'After a long siege the castle was once again taken by Parliamentarian forces, and an Act of Parliament passed for its demolition (slighting).'}, {'timestamp': '1700', 'event': 'Upper Chapel, the first non-conformist chapel in the city, was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1721', 'event': "St Paul's Church was built as a chapel-of-ease to the parish church, but due to a dispute it did not open until 1740."}, {'timestamp': '1736', 'event': 'The first buildings in Paradise Square are constructed.'}, {'timestamp': '1740s', 'event': 'Benjamin Huntsman, a clock maker in Handsworth invented a form of the crucible steel process for making a better quality of steel than had previously been available.'}, {'timestamp': '1743', 'event': 'Thomas Boulsover, working in Sheffield, invented "Sheffield plate".'}, {'timestamp': '1751', 'event': 'River Don Navigation extended to Tinsley.'}, {'timestamp': '1756', 'event': 'An Act of Parliament undertakes to turnpike the road south from Sheffield, to Chesterfield and London.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1769', 'event': 'Britannia metal was invented in Sheffield, originally being known as "Vickers white metal".'}, {'timestamp': '1771', 'event': 'Paradise Square is completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1771', 'event': 'Sheffield Book Society founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1773', 'event': 'Sheffield was given a silver assay office.'}, {'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 1775', 'event': 'The Duke of Norfolk commissioned plans for a new quarter, to be constructed on Alsop Fields.'}, {'timestamp': '1779-07-15', 'event': 'John Wesley preached in Paradise Square.'}, {'timestamp': '1789', 'event': '769 Sheffield metalworkers submit a petition to Parliament advocating the abolition of slavery.'}, {'timestamp': '1792', 'event': 'The body of Spence Broughton, convicted for robbing the Sheffield and Rotherham mail, was hung in a gibbet on Attercliffe Common.'}, {'timestamp': '1793', 'event': 'A petition against slavery with 8,000 names is submitted from Sheffield to Parliament.'}, {'timestamp': '1797', 'event': 'Sheffield Royal Infirmary opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1805', 'event': 'A new nave was added to the parish church.'}, {'timestamp': '1808', 'event': 'The small town hall that had stood near the parish church was replaced with a new building at the corner of Waingate and Castle Street.'}, {'timestamp': '1818', 'event': 'The Sheffield Improvement Act 1818 established an Improvement Commission to maintain cleaning, lighting and watching within three-quarters of a mile of the parish church, and also the Sheffield Gas Light Company.'}, {'timestamp': '1819', 'event': 'Sheffield Canal opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'A cholera epidemic claimed 402 lives in the town, later commemorated by the Cholera Monument.'}, {'timestamp': '1832', 'event': 'Sheffield gained representation in the House of Commons as a Parliamentary Borough.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Sheffield Botanical Gardens and Sheffield General Cemetery opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': "A new Cutlers' Hall was built, forming the core of the current building."}, {'timestamp': '10-31-1838', 'event': 'The first railway station in Sheffield, Sheffield Wicker station, opened on 31 October as the southern terminus of the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Sheffield was incorporated as a municipal borough.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Sheffield School of Design foundedl renamed Sheffield School of Art in 1850.'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Bridgehouses railway station, the terminal station of the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1846', 'event': 'Sheffield, Rotherham, Barnsley, Wakefield, Huddersfield and Goole Railway formed (closed in 1858).'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway formed.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'The Roman Catholic Church of St Marie (later a cathedral) was completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'The Wicker Arches were constructed.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'The parish of Sheffield was subdivided into smaller parishes.'}, {'timestamp': '09-15-1851', 'event': 'Sheffield Victoria Station opened on 15 September.'}, {'timestamp': '1851', 'event': 'Sheffield Female Political Association founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1853', 'event': 'Sheffield Public Library established.'}, {'timestamp': '1855', 'event': 'Bramall Lane opened as a cricket ground.'}, {'timestamp': '1857', 'event': 'Sheffield F.C., the oldest football club in the world among those that have played, or do play, Association football (soccer), was founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1858', 'event': "Sheffield Trades and Labour Council founded as the 'Sheffield Association of Organised Trades'."}, {'timestamp': '1860', 'event': 'Hallam F.C. was founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1862', 'event': 'A 3,000-strong riot occurred at Wardsend Cemetery in the Hillsborough district of the city, against accusations of body-snatchers operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1864', 'event': 'The Great Sheffield flood devastated large parts of the town, killing 270 people.'}, {'timestamp': '1864', 'event': 'By-laws were passed prohibiting the construction of back-to-back houses in the town.'}, {'timestamp': '1866', 'event': 'The United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades, a forerunner of the Trades Union Congress (TUC), was founded in Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1867', 'event': 'The Sheffield Football Association founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1867', 'event': 'Sheffield Wednesday F.C. was founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1870', 'event': 'Midland Main Line extension from Chesterfield to Sheffield opened, with the new terminus at Sheffield Midland station.'}, {'timestamp': '1871', 'event': 'New head post office opened at 2 Haymarket.'}, {'timestamp': '1873', 'event': 'The first horse-drawn trams ran in Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1875', 'event': 'Weston Park & Firth Park opened.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-1878', 'event': 'The first ever floodlit football match was played at Bramall Lane on 14 October.'}, {'timestamp': '1879', 'event': 'Portland Works opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1885', 'event': 'The Mappin Art Gallery opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1885', 'event': "Henderson's Relish first produced."}]
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[{'timestamp': 'c.\u2009 70', 'event': 'A Roman fort was constructed at Templeborough.'}]
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Timeline of Sheffield history
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[{'timestamp': '1888', 'event': 'Became a county borough.'}, {'timestamp': '1889', 'event': 'Sheffield United F.C. was founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1893', 'event': "A Royal Charter granted the municipal borough of Sheffield the style and title of 'city'."}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'The University of Sheffield was established.'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'A new town hall was opened on Pinstone Street, the old building subsequently being used as the county court.'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'The Lyceum Theatre opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1899', 'event': 'Hillsborough Stadium opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1899', 'event': 'The first electric tram ran on the Sheffield Tramway.'}, {'timestamp': '1901', 'event': 'Population:409,070.'}, {'timestamp': '1913', 'event': 'Stainless steel was invented by Harry Brearley whilst working at the Brown Firth Laboratories in Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1914', 'event': 'Sheffield became a diocese of the Church of England, and the parish church became a cathedral.'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Sheffield City Council began building council houses, mostly to the north and east of the city centre.'}, {'timestamp': '1925', 'event': 'Sheffield War Memorial unveiled.'}, {'timestamp': '1926', 'event': 'The Labour Party first took control of the city council.'}, {'timestamp': '1928', 'event': 'Sheffield Repertory Theatre opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1934', 'event': 'Sheffield City Hall completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1934', 'event': 'Sheffield Central Library & Graves Art Gallery opened by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.'}, {'timestamp': '1934/1935', 'event': 'Districts formerly in Derbyshire including Beauchief, Dore, Totley, Norton, and Woodseats were annexed by Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1938', 'event': "St Paul's Church was demolished to make way for an extension to the Town Hall. The extension was never built, and the site subsequently became the Peace Gardens."}, {'timestamp': '12-15-1940', 'event': "The 'Sheffield Blitz'—heavy bombing over the nights of 12 and 15 December led to the loss of over 660 lives, and the destruction of numerous buildings."}, {'timestamp': '1955-1962', 'event': 'The Gleadless Valley estate was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1957-1961', 'event': 'Park Hill flats were built.'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'The city is devastated by the Great Sheffield Gale, killing four people and damaging more than 150,000 houses.'}, {'timestamp': '1965', 'event': 'The University of Sheffield Arts Tower was completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1971', 'event': 'The Crucible Theatre opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'The Local Government Act of 1972 led to the formation of the Metropolitan borough of Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'Sheffield Parkway was opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1977', 'event': "The 'eggbox' extension to the Town Hall was built."}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'The Royal Hallamshire Hospital opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'The Crucible Theatre hosts the World Snooker Championship for the first time.'}, {'timestamp': '1980', 'event': 'The Roman Catholic Diocese of Hallam was created with the Church of St Marie as its cathedral.'}, {'timestamp': '1981', 'event': 'The film Looks and Smiles, which depicts the economic depression of the city, wins Best Contemporary Screenplay prize at the Cannes Film Festival.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'The television film Threads, which simulates the effect of a nuclear attack on Sheffield, becomes the subject of debate in the British media.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'The Battle of Orgreave takes place at the Orgreave Coke Works.'}, {'timestamp': '1988', 'event': 'The Sheffield Development Corporation was established.'}, {'timestamp': '1989', 'event': 'The Hillsborough disaster—96 Liverpool F.C. fans were crushed to death at Hillsborough Stadium.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'The Meadowhall shopping centre opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'The Don Valley Stadium opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'Meadowhall Interchange opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Sheffield Arena and Ponds Forge opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Sheffield hosted the World Student Games.'}, {'timestamp': '1994', 'event': 'The first section of the Sheffield Supertram network was opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'Brightside railway station is closed.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'The Gatecrasher nightclub moved to Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'The film The Full Monty (set in Sheffield) was released.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'Sheffield City Airport opened.'}, {'timestamp': '2001', 'event': 'The Millennium Galleries opened.'}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': "The Winter Gardens opened on the former site of the 1977 Town Hall 'Egg Box' extension."}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': 'English Institute of Sport, Sheffield, opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'The Gatecrasher nightclub burnt down.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'Flooding in June caused millions of pounds worth of damage to buildings in the city and led to the loss of two lives.'}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'Sheffield City Airport closed.'}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'The two remaining cooling towers by the Tinsley Viaduct were demolished.'}, {'timestamp': '2013', 'event': 'The Don Valley Stadium closed due financial problems.'}, {'timestamp': '2018', 'event': 'Sheffield Supertram is extended to Rotherham Parkgate via Tinsley using tram-train motive power.'}, {'timestamp': '2022', 'event': 'Thousands of homes are left without a gas supply for more than a week amid below-freezing temperatures following a failure of the local network in Stannington.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'The city is devastated by the Great Sheffield Gale, killing four people and damaging more than 150,000 houses.'}, {'timestamp': '2018', 'event': 'Sheffield Supertram is extended to Rotherham Parkgate via Tinsley using tram-train motive power.'}, {'timestamp': '1988', 'event': 'The Sheffield Development Corporation was established.'}, {'timestamp': '1994', 'event': 'The first section of the Sheffield Supertram network was opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1889', 'event': 'Sheffield United F.C. was founded.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-1940', 'event': "The 'Sheffield Blitz'—heavy bombing over the nights of 12 and 15 December led to the loss of over 660 lives, and the destruction of numerous buildings."}, {'timestamp': '1901', 'event': 'Population:409,070.'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Sheffield Arena and Ponds Forge opened.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'Flooding in June caused millions of pounds worth of damage to buildings in the city and led to the loss of two lives.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'The Gatecrasher nightclub burnt down.'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Sheffield hosted the World Student Games.'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'The University of Sheffield was established.'}, {'timestamp': '1934/1935', 'event': 'Districts formerly in Derbyshire including Beauchief, Dore, Totley, Norton, and Woodseats were annexed by Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1888', 'event': 'Became a county borough.'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'Sheffield Parkway was opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'Brightside railway station is closed.'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'A new town hall was opened on Pinstone Street, the old building subsequently being used as the county court.'}, {'timestamp': '1955-1962', 'event': 'The Gleadless Valley estate was built.'}, {'timestamp': '1934', 'event': 'Sheffield City Hall completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1914', 'event': 'Sheffield became a diocese of the Church of England, and the parish church became a cathedral.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'The television film Threads, which simulates the effect of a nuclear attack on Sheffield, becomes the subject of debate in the British media.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'Meadowhall Interchange opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Sheffield City Council began building council houses, mostly to the north and east of the city centre.'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'The Crucible Theatre hosts the World Snooker Championship for the first time.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'The Gatecrasher nightclub moved to Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'The Royal Hallamshire Hospital opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'The Meadowhall shopping centre opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1893', 'event': "A Royal Charter granted the municipal borough of Sheffield the style and title of 'city'."}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'Sheffield City Airport closed.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'The film The Full Monty (set in Sheffield) was released.'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'The Lyceum Theatre opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1938', 'event': "St Paul's Church was demolished to make way for an extension to the Town Hall. The extension was never built, and the site subsequently became the Peace Gardens."}, {'timestamp': '1977', 'event': "The 'eggbox' extension to the Town Hall was built."}, {'timestamp': '1926', 'event': 'The Labour Party first took control of the city council.'}, {'timestamp': '2013', 'event': 'The Don Valley Stadium closed due financial problems.'}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': "The Winter Gardens opened on the former site of the 1977 Town Hall 'Egg Box' extension."}, {'timestamp': '2001', 'event': 'The Millennium Galleries opened.'}, {'timestamp': '2008', 'event': 'The two remaining cooling towers by the Tinsley Viaduct were demolished.'}, {'timestamp': '1925', 'event': 'Sheffield War Memorial unveiled.'}, {'timestamp': '1980', 'event': 'The Roman Catholic Diocese of Hallam was created with the Church of St Marie as its cathedral.'}, {'timestamp': '1989', 'event': 'The Hillsborough disaster—96 Liverpool F.C. fans were crushed to death at Hillsborough Stadium.'}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': 'English Institute of Sport, Sheffield, opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1899', 'event': 'Hillsborough Stadium opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'The Battle of Orgreave takes place at the Orgreave Coke Works.'}, {'timestamp': '1957-1961', 'event': 'Park Hill flats were built.'}, {'timestamp': '1965', 'event': 'The University of Sheffield Arts Tower was completed.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'Sheffield City Airport opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1981', 'event': 'The film Looks and Smiles, which depicts the economic depression of the city, wins Best Contemporary Screenplay prize at the Cannes Film Festival.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'The Don Valley Stadium opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1971', 'event': 'The Crucible Theatre opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1934', 'event': 'Sheffield Central Library & Graves Art Gallery opened by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.'}, {'timestamp': '1913', 'event': 'Stainless steel was invented by Harry Brearley whilst working at the Brown Firth Laboratories in Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '1899', 'event': 'The first electric tram ran on the Sheffield Tramway.'}, {'timestamp': '1928', 'event': 'Sheffield Repertory Theatre opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'The Local Government Act of 1972 led to the formation of the Metropolitan borough of Sheffield.'}, {'timestamp': '2022', 'event': 'Thousands of homes are left without a gas supply for more than a week amid below-freezing temperatures following a failure of the local network in Stannington.'}]
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Timeline of the South China Sea dispute
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[{'timestamp': '200 BCE', 'event': "It has been claimed by the People's Republic of China that since 200 BCE Chinese fishermen have used the Spratly islands."}, {'timestamp': '1734', 'event': 'The Spanish colonial government published the first edition of the Velarde map.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-1792', 'event': 'The Spanish colonial government of the territory of the Philippines launched the first ever survey of Scarborough Shoal on May 4, 1792.'}, {'timestamp': '1802', 'event': "Annamese emperor Gia Long created 'Dio Hoang Sa' (Company of the Paracels)."}, {'timestamp': '1816', 'event': 'Gia Long orders survey of Paracel Islands with mapping.'}, {'timestamp': '1830', 'event': "First maps published by Annamese kingdom under Emperor Minh Mạng that include 'Thruong Sa' (Spratly) Islands as part of its territory."}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': 'Annam erects a pagoda in the Paracel Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Annam erects ten 5-meter steles with inscriptions claiming the islands.'}, {'timestamp': '1875', 'event': 'According to the Philippines, the Spanish colonial government published the 1875 edition of the Carita General del Archipelago Filipino, showing the sovereign territory of the Philippines.'}, {'timestamp': '1876', 'event': "Guo Song Tao, China's ambassador to Europe, makes an unofficial claim to 'Bai La Su Dao' (the phonetic translation of the Paracel Island)."}, {'timestamp': '1883', 'event': 'When the Spratlys and Paracels were surveyed by Germany in 1883, China issued protests.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-1884', 'event': 'In December 1884, alarmed by Japanese ambitions in Korea, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered her ministers to extricate China from the undeclared war with France that had broken out on 23 August.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11-1884', 'event': 'The Tientsin Accord or Li–Fournier Convention, concluded on 11 May 1884, was intended to settle an undeclared war between France and China over the sovereignty of Tonkin.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-1885', 'event': 'The Treaty of Tientsin, signed on 9 June 1885, officially ended the Sino-French War.'}, {'timestamp': '1885', 'event': 'China officials declare its rights to the Paracels.'}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'In the 19th century, Europeans found that Chinese fishermen from Hainan annually visited the Spratly islands for part of the year.'}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'The Chinese–Vietnamese Boundary Convention between France and the Qing Empire set the land boundary between Tonkin and China.'}, {'timestamp': '1898', 'event': 'After the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Islands were ceded by Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-1898', 'event': 'France seized Guangzhouwan as a treaty port according to the Treaty of 12 April 1898.'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1900', 'event': 'The Treaty of Washington was signed on November 7, 1900.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-1901', 'event': 'The Treaty of Washington came into effect on March 23, 1901.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'China sends naval forces on inspection tours of the Paracel Islands to preempt French claims.'}, {'timestamp': '1907', 'event': 'China sends another naval force, this time to plan for resource exploitation.'}, {'timestamp': '1909', 'event': 'China reacted to Japanese interest in exploiting guano in the Paracel Islands by mapping them and stationing Chinese Navy personal on them.'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'The newly formed Republic of China, successor state to the Qing dynasty, moves administration of the Paracel Islands to Hainan.'}, {'timestamp': '1917', 'event': "Japanese exploited phosphate deposits (guano) in the main Spratly island, Itu Aba. It was noticed by Japan in July 1938 to the France's ambassador in Tokyo who was recalling the earlier annexation of the Spratly by France."}, {'timestamp': '1928', 'event': 'According to Filipino judge Antonio Carpio, during the Island of Palmas case, the United States representing the territory of the Philippines reiterated in a memorandum that the 1875 Carta General del Archipielago Filipino "is both an American official and a Spanish official map" of Philippine territory, binding the United States on its recognition of the Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands as Philippine territory.'}, {'timestamp': '1932', 'event': 'France occupied the Paracels for the French Union. China sent a Note Verbale to France stating that the Paracels were the "southernmost" territory of China.'}, {'timestamp': '1933', 'event': 'France claimed six islands in the Spratly for the French Union. China did not protest the claim as it considered the Paracels as its southernmost territory through a 1932 Note Verbale sent by China to France.'}, {'timestamp': '1935', 'event': 'The Philippines adopted the 1935 Philippine Constitution, which reiterates the territory of the Philippines as per the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the 1900 Treaty of Washington, and the 1930 US-UK Treaty to include Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '06-1937', 'event': 'China sends Huang Qiang, the chief of Chinese military region no. 9 on a secret tour in four islands in the Amphitrite Group of the Paracels. His boat was loaded with 30 backdated sovereignty markers. Because the mission was confidential Huang Qiang carried no markers dated 1937. The team buried a total of 12 backdated sovereignty markers, including some true old markers dating from the Qing dynasty, bearing the date 1902, gathered in the city of Guangdong.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-1938', 'event': 'Secretary Cordell Hull of the US State Department issued a Memorandum on July 27, 1938 to Harry Woodring, Secretary of War, stating that Scarborough Shoal "should be regarded as included among the islands ceded to the United States by the American-Treaty of November 7, 1900," referring to the 1900 Treaty of Washington.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-1939', 'event': 'Tokyo notified to the ambassador of France that the Spratly Islands were inhabited by Japanese, under Japanese jurisdiction, and administratively attached to the territory of Formosa (Japan). The occupation was carried out by a police detachment.'}, {'timestamp': '1939', 'event': "Japan invades the Paracel and Spratly islands and takes control of the South China Sea. Japanese military bases were set up on Woody and Pattle islands in the Paracels and Itu Aba in the Spratlys. Japan administered the Spratlys via Taiwan's jurisdiction and the Paracels via Hainan's jurisdiction."}, {'timestamp': '1943', 'event': 'China published its "China Handbook (1937-1943)" about the country\'s situation during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It called "Triton Island of the Paracel Group" the southernmost territory of China.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-1945', 'event': 'Woody Island surrendered to the USS Cabrilla submarine after having been attacked by US forces on 6 February and 8 March.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20-1945', 'event': 'A US Navy reconnaissance mission landed on Itu Aba and found the Japanese forces had already pulled out.'}, {'timestamp': '1945', 'event': 'In accordance with the Cairo and Potsdam Declarations and with American help, the armed forces of the Republic of China government at Nanjing accepted the surrender of the Japanese garrisons in Taiwan, including the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Nanjing then declared both archipelagoes to be part of Guangdong Province.'}, {'timestamp': '1946', 'event': 'The ROC established garrisons on both Woody (now Yongxing / 永兴) Island in the Paracels and Taiping Island in the Spratlys. France protested. It tried but failed to dislodge Chinese nationalist troops from Yongxing Island/Woody Island (the only habitable island in the Paracels), but were able to establish a small camp on Pattle (now Shanhu / 珊瑚) Island in the southwestern part of the archipelago. The Republic of China drew up The Southern China Sea Islands Location Map, marking the sea with 11 lines in 1947. The Americans discouraged the Philippines in its claim to the Spratlys to avoid tensions with China. The Spratly was outside the treaty lines made in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, However, the supplemental 1900 Treaty of Washington modified that to include to any and all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago lying outside those lines, and former Philippine Supreme Court justice Antonio Carpio has asserted that this includes the Spratlys.'}, {'timestamp': '1947', 'event': 'China published a revised China Handbook. This claimed the Spratlys while specifically recognizing that the islands are contested among China, the Philippines, and French Indochina.'}, {'timestamp': '1951', 'event': 'During the San Francisco Peace Conference of 1951, the San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. In the conference, the USSR motioned for the Paracels and the Spratly to be awarded to China, but the motion was rejected by a vote of 46 to 3, with one abstention.'}, {'timestamp': '1952', 'event': 'Japan renounced any claims of sovereignty over the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos in accordance with Article 2 Clause (f) of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, but no beneficiary was designated.'}, {'timestamp': '1953', 'event': 'The French Foreign Ministry clarified that the Spratlys were not attached to Vietnam in 1949, when the former colony of Conchinchina was ceded to the Associated State. France stated that it administered the islands through the Ministry of Overseas France.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1939', 'event': "Japan invades the Paracel and Spratly islands and takes control of the South China Sea. Japanese military bases were set up on Woody and Pattle islands in the Paracels and Itu Aba in the Spratlys. Japan administered the Spratlys via Taiwan's jurisdiction and the Paracels via Hainan's jurisdiction."}, {'timestamp': '03-23-1901', 'event': 'The Treaty of Washington came into effect on March 23, 1901.'}, {'timestamp': '1945', 'event': 'In accordance with the Cairo and Potsdam Declarations and with American help, the armed forces of the Republic of China government at Nanjing accepted the surrender of the Japanese garrisons in Taiwan, including the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Nanjing then declared both archipelagoes to be part of Guangdong Province.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-1898', 'event': 'France seized Guangzhouwan as a treaty port according to the Treaty of 12 April 1898.'}, {'timestamp': '1917', 'event': "Japanese exploited phosphate deposits (guano) in the main Spratly island, Itu Aba. It was noticed by Japan in July 1938 to the France's ambassador in Tokyo who was recalling the earlier annexation of the Spratly by France."}, {'timestamp': '05-04-1792', 'event': 'The Spanish colonial government of the territory of the Philippines launched the first ever survey of Scarborough Shoal on May 4, 1792.'}, {'timestamp': '1898', 'event': 'After the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Islands were ceded by Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'China sends naval forces on inspection tours of the Paracel Islands to preempt French claims.'}, {'timestamp': '1909', 'event': 'China reacted to Japanese interest in exploiting guano in the Paracel Islands by mapping them and stationing Chinese Navy personal on them.'}, {'timestamp': '1947', 'event': 'China published a revised China Handbook. This claimed the Spratlys while specifically recognizing that the islands are contested among China, the Philippines, and French Indochina.'}, {'timestamp': '1933', 'event': 'France claimed six islands in the Spratly for the French Union. China did not protest the claim as it considered the Paracels as its southernmost territory through a 1932 Note Verbale sent by China to France.'}, {'timestamp': '1875', 'event': 'According to the Philippines, the Spanish colonial government published the 1875 edition of the Carita General del Archipelago Filipino, showing the sovereign territory of the Philippines.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-1884', 'event': 'In December 1884, alarmed by Japanese ambitions in Korea, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered her ministers to extricate China from the undeclared war with France that had broken out on 23 August.'}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'In the 19th century, Europeans found that Chinese fishermen from Hainan annually visited the Spratly islands for part of the year.'}, {'timestamp': '06-1937', 'event': 'China sends Huang Qiang, the chief of Chinese military region no. 9 on a secret tour in four islands in the Amphitrite Group of the Paracels. His boat was loaded with 30 backdated sovereignty markers. Because the mission was confidential Huang Qiang carried no markers dated 1937. The team buried a total of 12 backdated sovereignty markers, including some true old markers dating from the Qing dynasty, bearing the date 1902, gathered in the city of Guangdong.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20-1945', 'event': 'A US Navy reconnaissance mission landed on Itu Aba and found the Japanese forces had already pulled out.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11-1884', 'event': 'The Tientsin Accord or Li–Fournier Convention, concluded on 11 May 1884, was intended to settle an undeclared war between France and China over the sovereignty of Tonkin.'}, {'timestamp': '1830', 'event': "First maps published by Annamese kingdom under Emperor Minh Mạng that include 'Thruong Sa' (Spratly) Islands as part of its territory."}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1900', 'event': 'The Treaty of Washington was signed on November 7, 1900.'}, {'timestamp': '1802', 'event': "Annamese emperor Gia Long created 'Dio Hoang Sa' (Company of the Paracels)."}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'The Chinese–Vietnamese Boundary Convention between France and the Qing Empire set the land boundary between Tonkin and China.'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'The newly formed Republic of China, successor state to the Qing dynasty, moves administration of the Paracel Islands to Hainan.'}, {'timestamp': '1816', 'event': 'Gia Long orders survey of Paracel Islands with mapping.'}, {'timestamp': '1734', 'event': 'The Spanish colonial government published the first edition of the Velarde map.'}, {'timestamp': '1946', 'event': 'The ROC established garrisons on both Woody (now Yongxing / 永兴) Island in the Paracels and Taiping Island in the Spratlys. France protested. It tried but failed to dislodge Chinese nationalist troops from Yongxing Island/Woody Island (the only habitable island in the Paracels), but were able to establish a small camp on Pattle (now Shanhu / 珊瑚) Island in the southwestern part of the archipelago. The Republic of China drew up The Southern China Sea Islands Location Map, marking the sea with 11 lines in 1947. The Americans discouraged the Philippines in its claim to the Spratlys to avoid tensions with China. The Spratly was outside the treaty lines made in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, However, the supplemental 1900 Treaty of Washington modified that to include to any and all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago lying outside those lines, and former Philippine Supreme Court justice Antonio Carpio has asserted that this includes the Spratlys.'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Annam erects ten 5-meter steles with inscriptions claiming the islands.'}, {'timestamp': '1951', 'event': 'During the San Francisco Peace Conference of 1951, the San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. In the conference, the USSR motioned for the Paracels and the Spratly to be awarded to China, but the motion was rejected by a vote of 46 to 3, with one abstention.'}, {'timestamp': '1885', 'event': 'China officials declare its rights to the Paracels.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-1939', 'event': 'Tokyo notified to the ambassador of France that the Spratly Islands were inhabited by Japanese, under Japanese jurisdiction, and administratively attached to the territory of Formosa (Japan). The occupation was carried out by a police detachment.'}, {'timestamp': '1952', 'event': 'Japan renounced any claims of sovereignty over the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos in accordance with Article 2 Clause (f) of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, but no beneficiary was designated.'}, {'timestamp': '1932', 'event': 'France occupied the Paracels for the French Union. China sent a Note Verbale to France stating that the Paracels were the "southernmost" territory of China.'}, {'timestamp': '1883', 'event': 'When the Spratlys and Paracels were surveyed by Germany in 1883, China issued protests.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-1885', 'event': 'The Treaty of Tientsin, signed on 9 June 1885, officially ended the Sino-French War.'}, {'timestamp': '1928', 'event': 'According to Filipino judge Antonio Carpio, during the Island of Palmas case, the United States representing the territory of the Philippines reiterated in a memorandum that the 1875 Carta General del Archipielago Filipino "is both an American official and a Spanish official map" of Philippine territory, binding the United States on its recognition of the Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands as Philippine territory.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-1945', 'event': 'Woody Island surrendered to the USS Cabrilla submarine after having been attacked by US forces on 6 February and 8 March.'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': 'Annam erects a pagoda in the Paracel Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '1953', 'event': 'The French Foreign Ministry clarified that the Spratlys were not attached to Vietnam in 1949, when the former colony of Conchinchina was ceded to the Associated State. France stated that it administered the islands through the Ministry of Overseas France.'}, {'timestamp': '1935', 'event': 'The Philippines adopted the 1935 Philippine Constitution, which reiterates the territory of the Philippines as per the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the 1900 Treaty of Washington, and the 1930 US-UK Treaty to include Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '200 BCE', 'event': "It has been claimed by the People's Republic of China that since 200 BCE Chinese fishermen have used the Spratly islands."}, {'timestamp': '1943', 'event': 'China published its "China Handbook (1937-1943)" about the country\'s situation during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It called "Triton Island of the Paracel Group" the southernmost territory of China.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-1938', 'event': 'Secretary Cordell Hull of the US State Department issued a Memorandum on July 27, 1938 to Harry Woodring, Secretary of War, stating that Scarborough Shoal "should be regarded as included among the islands ceded to the United States by the American-Treaty of November 7, 1900," referring to the 1900 Treaty of Washington.'}, {'timestamp': '1907', 'event': 'China sends another naval force, this time to plan for resource exploitation.'}, {'timestamp': '1876', 'event': "Guo Song Tao, China's ambassador to Europe, makes an unofficial claim to 'Bai La Su Dao' (the phonetic translation of the Paracel Island)."}]
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Timeline of the South China Sea dispute
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[{'timestamp': '1954', 'event': 'The Geneva Accords, which China was a signatory, settled the First Indochina War end. French Indochina was split into three countries: Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Vietnam was to be temporarily divided along the 17th Parallel. Chapter I, Article 4 say: "The provisional military demarcation line between the two final regrouping zones is extended into the territorial waters by a line perpendicular to the general line of the coast. All coastal islands north of this boundary shall be evacuated by the armed forces of the French Union, and all islands south of it shall be evacuated by the forces of the People\'s Army of Viet-Nam."'}, {'timestamp': '1955', 'event': 'The French Foreign Ministry reiterated its previous 1949 statement through legal diplomatic note, stating that "beyond doubt that the Spratlys belonged to the French Union, not Vietnam." On 26 October 1955, the Republic of Vietnam "South Vietnam" replaced the State of Vietnam (part of the French Union) and inherit of its rights. Nothing was said explicitly about offshore archipelagos. Arguably it was understood that the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) inherited of all French Indochina\'s Vietnamese territories below the 17th Parallel.'}, {'timestamp': '1956', 'event': 'North Vietnam Communist government formally accepted that the Paracel and Spratly islands were historically Chinese. The PLA reestablished a Chinese garrison on Yongxing Island in the Paracels, while the Republic of China (Taipei) put troops back on Taiping Island in the Spratlys. Contrarily, South Vietnam announced that it had annexed the Paracel archipelago as well as the Spratlys and reopened the abandoned French camp on Shanhu Island.'}, {'timestamp': '1956', 'event': 'Filemon and Tomás Cloma took possession of some features in the Spratly Islands and declared them as part of the Free Territory of Freedomland. Their action was stopped by the armed forces of the Republic of China (Taiwan), which destroyed and confiscated Freedomland properties and resumed its garrison of Itu Aba. The Philippine government disavowed any participation in the Cloma expeditions but left room for future claims by describing the islands as terra nullis open to appropriation by any party.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-1957', 'event': 'China transferred Bạch Long Vĩ Island to Vietnam.'}, {'timestamp': '1958', 'event': "North Vietnam's Phạm Văn Đồng recognizes Chinese sovereignty over the Paracels."}, {'timestamp': '1969', 'event': 'A UN sponsored research team discovers oil under the sea floor of the island group.'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'China occupies Amphitrite Group of the Paracel Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '1971', 'event': 'Philippines announces claim to islands adjacent to its territory in the Spratlys, which they named Kalayaan, which was formally incorporated into Palawan Province in 1972. The Philippines President Marcos announced the claims after Taiwanese troops attacked and shot at a Philippine fishing boat on Itu Aba.'}, {'timestamp': '1972', 'event': "Bureau of Survey and Cartography under the Office of the Premier of Vietnam printed out 'The World Atlas', saying that the 'chain of islands from the Nansha and Xisha Islands to Hainan Island, Taiwan Island, the Penghu Islands and the Zhoushan Islands ... are shaped like a bow and constitute a Great Wall defending the China mainland.'"}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'South Vietnam attempted to enforce its claims to sovereignty by placing settlers in the Spratlys and expelling Chinese fishermen from the southwestern Paracels. In the ensuing Battle of the Paracel Islands, China defeated Vietnamese forces. China ousts South Vietnamese forces from the Crescent Group, enabling Beijing to extend its control to the entire Paracel archipelago, where it has not been effectively challenged since.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-1975', 'event': 'regretting the agreement with China in 1956, the Communist Vietnamese government reclaims the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': "Vietnam tried to persuade China to recognize Vietnam's sovereignty over the Spratly Islands in exchange for Hanoi's recognition of Beijing's claim over the Paracel Islands. After the effort failed, the Vietnamese government asserted claim over both island groups."}, {'timestamp': '06-1977', 'event': "During June 1977 discussions with China's Li Xiannan during a time of rising tensions between China and Vietnam, Phạm Văn Đồng recedes from Vietnam's 1958 recognition of China's sovereignty over the Paracels, contending that recognition was only made under the pressure of the United States of America's war against Vietnam."}, {'timestamp': '06-11-1978', 'event': 'President Ferdinand Marcos, by virtue of the Presidential Decree No. 1596, asserted that islands designated as the Kalayaan Island Group and comprising most of the Spratly Islands are subject to the sovereignty of the Philippines, and by virtue of the Presidential Decree No. 1599 issued on 11 June 1978 claimed an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the baselines from which their territorial sea is measured.'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': "Hanoi (now the capital of a united Vietnam) adopted South Vietnam's position, and claimed sovereignty over all the islands in the South China Sea. In the early 1980s, as Beijing, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Taipei protested, Vietnam resumed vigorous settlement and garrisoning of the Spratlys."}, {'timestamp': '05-08-1984', 'event': 'the Philippines ratified the 1982 Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) and declared themselves an archipelagic state. The Philippines claimed all the Spratly islands and reefs lying within its 200 Nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone including Mabini (Johnson South Reef).'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'China starts to add ten dashes to its official maps of sea areas claimed, with the extra dash north east of Taiwan.'}, {'timestamp': '1985', 'event': "President Meads of the Kingdom of Humanity sued the United States and others for $25 billion, claiming 'unfair competition, harassment, [and] sabotage.' The case was not heard."}, {'timestamp': '03-1987', 'event': "following a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization/Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO/IOC) meeting in March, it was agreed that the PRC would build weather stations in the South China sea as part of the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) survey. The scientists from GLOSS agreed that China would install tide gauges on what the PRC considered to be its coasts in the East China Sea and on the 'Nansha islands' in South China Sea."}, {'timestamp': '03-14-1988', 'event': 'China defeats the Vietnamese navy in the Johnson South Reef Skirmish on Mabini reef (Johnson South Reef), after the Vietnamese tried to intercept a Chinese force commissioned by UNESCO to build a tidal gauge station. After defeating the Vietnamese forces, China gains control of six significant landmarks including Johnson South Reef.'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'The Chinese government signs an oil exploration contract with Crestone.'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'Vietnam accuses China of landing troops on Da Lat Reef. China seizes almost 20 Vietnamese cargo ships transporting goods from Hong Kong from June - September.'}, {'timestamp': '1994', 'event': "Two Chinese warships blockade a Vietnamese oil rig built earlier this year in Wan'an Bei block off the coast of southern Vietnam. The Vietnamese claim was being developed by a consortium of foreign oil companies led by Mobil in the same area where China had awarded drilling rights to the Crestone Energy Corporation of Denver."}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'A Vietnamese ship was shot by Taiwan.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'Philippines begins to challenge Chinese sovereignty over the Scarborough Shoal.'}, {'timestamp': '1999', 'event': "Under President Lee Teng-hui, Taiwan stated that 'legally, historically, geographically, or in reality', all of the South China Sea and Spratly islands were Taiwan's territory and under Taiwanese sovereignty, and denounced actions undertaken there by Malaysia and the Philippines, in a statement on 13 July 1999 released by the foreign ministry of Taiwan. Taiwan and China's claims 'mirrors' each other. During international talks involving the Spratly islands, China and Taiwan have cooperated with each other since both have the same claims."}, {'timestamp': '05-09-1999', 'event': 'The day after the U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, Philippine navy sent BRP Sierra Madre and ran her aground on Second Thomas Shoal. China issued official protest afterward. Philippine refused to withdraw the ship.'}, {'timestamp': '2002', 'event': 'ASEAN and China agreed to a code of conduct in the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2005', 'event': 'Chinese ships fired upon two Vietnamese fishing boats from Thanh Hóa Province, killing 9 people and detaining one ship with 8 people on Hainan Island. Chinese Foreign Ministry claim they were pirates that opened fire first and obtained confession from the arrested members.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2008', 'event': 'The International Court of Justice, determined that Middle Rocks at the southwestern edge of the Sea belongs to Malaysia.'}, {'timestamp': '03-2009', 'event': "The Pentagon reported that Chinese ships harassed a US surveillance ship. According to the report, five Chinese vessels 'shadowed and aggressively maneuvered in dangerously close proximity to USNS Impeccable, in an apparent coordinated effort to harass the U.S. ocean surveillance ship while it was conducting routine operations in international waters.' The crew members aboard the vessels, two of which were within 50 feet, waved Chinese flags and told the US ship to leave the area, the statement said."}]
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[{'timestamp': '1955', 'event': 'The French Foreign Ministry reiterated its previous 1949 statement through legal diplomatic note, stating that "beyond doubt that the Spratlys belonged to the French Union, not Vietnam." On 26 October 1955, the Republic of Vietnam "South Vietnam" replaced the State of Vietnam (part of the French Union) and inherit of its rights. Nothing was said explicitly about offshore archipelagos. Arguably it was understood that the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) inherited of all French Indochina\'s Vietnamese territories below the 17th Parallel.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-1957', 'event': 'China transferred Bạch Long Vĩ Island to Vietnam.'}, {'timestamp': '03-2009', 'event': "The Pentagon reported that Chinese ships harassed a US surveillance ship. According to the report, five Chinese vessels 'shadowed and aggressively maneuvered in dangerously close proximity to USNS Impeccable, in an apparent coordinated effort to harass the U.S. ocean surveillance ship while it was conducting routine operations in international waters.' The crew members aboard the vessels, two of which were within 50 feet, waved Chinese flags and told the US ship to leave the area, the statement said."}, {'timestamp': '03-1987', 'event': "following a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization/Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO/IOC) meeting in March, it was agreed that the PRC would build weather stations in the South China sea as part of the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) survey. The scientists from GLOSS agreed that China would install tide gauges on what the PRC considered to be its coasts in the East China Sea and on the 'Nansha islands' in South China Sea."}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2005', 'event': 'Chinese ships fired upon two Vietnamese fishing boats from Thanh Hóa Province, killing 9 people and detaining one ship with 8 people on Hainan Island. Chinese Foreign Ministry claim they were pirates that opened fire first and obtained confession from the arrested members.'}, {'timestamp': '05-09-1999', 'event': 'The day after the U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, Philippine navy sent BRP Sierra Madre and ran her aground on Second Thomas Shoal. China issued official protest afterward. Philippine refused to withdraw the ship.'}, {'timestamp': '1985', 'event': "President Meads of the Kingdom of Humanity sued the United States and others for $25 billion, claiming 'unfair competition, harassment, [and] sabotage.' The case was not heard."}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': "Hanoi (now the capital of a united Vietnam) adopted South Vietnam's position, and claimed sovereignty over all the islands in the South China Sea. In the early 1980s, as Beijing, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Taipei protested, Vietnam resumed vigorous settlement and garrisoning of the Spratlys."}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'Vietnam accuses China of landing troops on Da Lat Reef. China seizes almost 20 Vietnamese cargo ships transporting goods from Hong Kong from June - September.'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'The Chinese government signs an oil exploration contract with Crestone.'}, {'timestamp': '1954', 'event': 'The Geneva Accords, which China was a signatory, settled the First Indochina War end. French Indochina was split into three countries: Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Vietnam was to be temporarily divided along the 17th Parallel. Chapter I, Article 4 say: "The provisional military demarcation line between the two final regrouping zones is extended into the territorial waters by a line perpendicular to the general line of the coast. All coastal islands north of this boundary shall be evacuated by the armed forces of the French Union, and all islands south of it shall be evacuated by the forces of the People\'s Army of Viet-Nam."'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2008', 'event': 'The International Court of Justice, determined that Middle Rocks at the southwestern edge of the Sea belongs to Malaysia.'}, {'timestamp': '06-1977', 'event': "During June 1977 discussions with China's Li Xiannan during a time of rising tensions between China and Vietnam, Phạm Văn Đồng recedes from Vietnam's 1958 recognition of China's sovereignty over the Paracels, contending that recognition was only made under the pressure of the United States of America's war against Vietnam."}, {'timestamp': '1956', 'event': 'Filemon and Tomás Cloma took possession of some features in the Spratly Islands and declared them as part of the Free Territory of Freedomland. Their action was stopped by the armed forces of the Republic of China (Taiwan), which destroyed and confiscated Freedomland properties and resumed its garrison of Itu Aba. The Philippine government disavowed any participation in the Cloma expeditions but left room for future claims by describing the islands as terra nullis open to appropriation by any party.'}, {'timestamp': '1956', 'event': 'North Vietnam Communist government formally accepted that the Paracel and Spratly islands were historically Chinese. The PLA reestablished a Chinese garrison on Yongxing Island in the Paracels, while the Republic of China (Taipei) put troops back on Taiping Island in the Spratlys. Contrarily, South Vietnam announced that it had annexed the Paracel archipelago as well as the Spratlys and reopened the abandoned French camp on Shanhu Island.'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'China starts to add ten dashes to its official maps of sea areas claimed, with the extra dash north east of Taiwan.'}, {'timestamp': '1994', 'event': "Two Chinese warships blockade a Vietnamese oil rig built earlier this year in Wan'an Bei block off the coast of southern Vietnam. The Vietnamese claim was being developed by a consortium of foreign oil companies led by Mobil in the same area where China had awarded drilling rights to the Crestone Energy Corporation of Denver."}, {'timestamp': '2002', 'event': 'ASEAN and China agreed to a code of conduct in the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'China occupies Amphitrite Group of the Paracel Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'South Vietnam attempted to enforce its claims to sovereignty by placing settlers in the Spratlys and expelling Chinese fishermen from the southwestern Paracels. In the ensuing Battle of the Paracel Islands, China defeated Vietnamese forces. China ousts South Vietnamese forces from the Crescent Group, enabling Beijing to extend its control to the entire Paracel archipelago, where it has not been effectively challenged since.'}, {'timestamp': '1958', 'event': "North Vietnam's Phạm Văn Đồng recognizes Chinese sovereignty over the Paracels."}, {'timestamp': '1971', 'event': 'Philippines announces claim to islands adjacent to its territory in the Spratlys, which they named Kalayaan, which was formally incorporated into Palawan Province in 1972. The Philippines President Marcos announced the claims after Taiwanese troops attacked and shot at a Philippine fishing boat on Itu Aba.'}, {'timestamp': '1969', 'event': 'A UN sponsored research team discovers oil under the sea floor of the island group.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-1975', 'event': 'regretting the agreement with China in 1956, the Communist Vietnamese government reclaims the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos.'}, {'timestamp': '1999', 'event': "Under President Lee Teng-hui, Taiwan stated that 'legally, historically, geographically, or in reality', all of the South China Sea and Spratly islands were Taiwan's territory and under Taiwanese sovereignty, and denounced actions undertaken there by Malaysia and the Philippines, in a statement on 13 July 1999 released by the foreign ministry of Taiwan. Taiwan and China's claims 'mirrors' each other. During international talks involving the Spratly islands, China and Taiwan have cooperated with each other since both have the same claims."}, {'timestamp': '03-14-1988', 'event': 'China defeats the Vietnamese navy in the Johnson South Reef Skirmish on Mabini reef (Johnson South Reef), after the Vietnamese tried to intercept a Chinese force commissioned by UNESCO to build a tidal gauge station. After defeating the Vietnamese forces, China gains control of six significant landmarks including Johnson South Reef.'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'A Vietnamese ship was shot by Taiwan.'}, {'timestamp': '1972', 'event': "Bureau of Survey and Cartography under the Office of the Premier of Vietnam printed out 'The World Atlas', saying that the 'chain of islands from the Nansha and Xisha Islands to Hainan Island, Taiwan Island, the Penghu Islands and the Zhoushan Islands ... are shaped like a bow and constitute a Great Wall defending the China mainland.'"}, {'timestamp': '05-08-1984', 'event': 'the Philippines ratified the 1982 Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) and declared themselves an archipelagic state. The Philippines claimed all the Spratly islands and reefs lying within its 200 Nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone including Mabini (Johnson South Reef).'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-1978', 'event': 'President Ferdinand Marcos, by virtue of the Presidential Decree No. 1596, asserted that islands designated as the Kalayaan Island Group and comprising most of the Spratly Islands are subject to the sovereignty of the Philippines, and by virtue of the Presidential Decree No. 1599 issued on 11 June 1978 claimed an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the baselines from which their territorial sea is measured.'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'Philippines begins to challenge Chinese sovereignty over the Scarborough Shoal.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': "Vietnam tried to persuade China to recognize Vietnam's sovereignty over the Spratly Islands in exchange for Hanoi's recognition of Beijing's claim over the Paracel Islands. After the effort failed, the Vietnamese government asserted claim over both island groups."}]
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Timeline of the South China Sea dispute
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[{'timestamp': '05-13-2009', 'event': 'The deadline for states to make seabed hydrocarbon claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This is suspected to have caused ancient island claims to surface and become inflamed.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23-2010', 'event': 'US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stated that the South China Sea was a matter of U.S. national interest.'}, {'timestamp': '02-25-2011', 'event': 'The Chinese frigate Dongguan fired three shots at Philippine fishing boats in the vicinity of Jackson atoll. The shots were fired after the frigate instructed the fishing boats to leave, and one of those boats experienced trouble removing its anchor.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-2011', 'event': "The clash involved the Vietnamese Binh Minh 02 oil and gas survey ship and three Chinese maritime patrol vessels occurred 120 km (80 miles) off the south-central coast of Vietnam and some 600 km south of China's Hainan island. Vietnam says the Chinese boats deliberately cut the survey ship's cables in Vietnamese waters. China denies the allegation. The event stirred up unprecedented anti-China protests in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city."}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2011', 'event': "A Norwegian-flagged seismic conducting ship hired by Vietnam Oil & Gas Corporation (PetroVietnam) clashed with another three Chinese fishery patrol vessels within Vietnam's Exclusive Economic Zone. Vietnam once again claimed its exploration cables were deliberately cut."}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2011', 'event': 'Vietnam and China agree to a new set of principles on settling maritime disputes.'}, {'timestamp': '11-2011', 'event': "Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad stated that China was not a threat to anyone and was not worried about aggression from China, accusing the United States of provoking China and trying to turn China's neighbours against China."}, {'timestamp': '04-2012', 'event': 'The Philippine warship Gregorio del Pilar was involved in a standoff with two Chinese surveillance vessels in the Scarborough Shoal, an area claimed by both nations. The Philippine navy had been trying to arrest Chinese fishermen who were allegedly taking government-protected marine species from the area, but the surveillance boats prevented them.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16-2012', 'event': "The Chinese Foreign Ministry urged a Philippine archaeological ship to immediately leave the waters of the Scarborough Shoal, which China claims is an 'integral part of its territory.'"}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2012', 'event': "Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Fu Ying called a meeting with Alex Chua, Chargé d'affaires of the Philippine Embassy in China, to make a serious representation over the current incident at the Scarborough Shoal. China also warned its nationals against travel to the Philippines and raised trade barriers on imported pineapples and bananas."}, {'timestamp': '05-16-2012', 'event': 'A fishing ban in the Scarborough Shoal by the governments of China and the Philippines became effective. By mid June 2012, both nations had withdrawn their vessels from the waters around the disputed Shoal due to the arrival of the typhoon season.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2012', 'event': "China had erected a barrier to the entrance of the shoal, and that vessels belonging to Beijing's China Marine Surveillance and Fisheries Law Enforcement Command were observed nearby the disputed shoal."}, {'timestamp': '12-2012', 'event': 'Chinese government ships remain around the shoal and have been turning away Filipino vessels.'}, {'timestamp': '05-2012', 'event': 'Taiwan said co-ordinating with the PRC in the South China Sea disputes was impossible at the moment.'}, {'timestamp': '06-2012', 'event': "Indian Navy vessels sailing in the South China Sea received an unscheduled escort by a People's Liberation Army Navy frigate for 12 hours."}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2012', 'event': "a Jianghu-V type frigate of the PLA Navy, 560 Dongguan, ran aground on Half Moon Shoal just 60 nmi west of Rizal, well within the Philippines' 200 nmi-EEZ."}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2012', 'event': 'By 15 July the ship had been refloated and was returning to port with no injuries and only minor damage.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2012', 'event': 'The National Assembly of Vietnam passed a law demarcating Vietnamese sea borders to include the Spratly and Paracel islands.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2012', 'event': "Citing reports from diplomats on-hand, Reuters wrote that Cambodia 'batted away repeated attempts to raise the issue about the disputed waters during the ASEAN Meeting last week as well as the ASEAN Regional Forum.'"}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2012', 'event': 'The Central Military Commission (China) decided to establish the Sansha garrison.'}, {'timestamp': '08-2012', 'event': 'Vietnam is believed to have begun land reclamation at West Reef.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-2012', 'event': 'ROC completed the 7-month construction of an antenna tower and runway on Taiping island, allowing the island to accommodate various kinds of military aircraft.'}, {'timestamp': '09-2012', 'event': "Taiwan then performed live fire military exercises on Taiping island in September 2012, reports said that Vietnam was explicitly named by the Taiwanese military as the 'imaginary enemy' in the drill."}, {'timestamp': '09-05-2012', 'event': 'Philippine president Aquino promulgated Administrative Order No. 29, naming maritime areas on the western side of the Philippine archipelago as the West Philippine Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '09-23-2012', 'event': 'China launched a program to increase the number of UAVs monitoring the Scarborough Shoal, Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and East China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2012', 'event': 'In an interview with the Times of India, Philippines Vice-president Binay welcomed the statement made by Indian Navy Admiral Joshi who stated that the Indian Navy is prepared to operate in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '03-2013', 'event': 'Malaysia displayed no concern over China conducting a military exercise at James Shoal in March 2013.'}, {'timestamp': '08-2013', 'event': 'Malaysia suggested that it might work with China over their South China Sea claims and ignore the other claimants.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2014', 'event': "China imposes a 'fishing permit' rule in the South China Sea, over the objections of the United States, the Philippines, and Vietnam."}, {'timestamp': '03-11-2014', 'event': 'Two Philippine ships are expelled by the Chinese Coast Guard from Ayungin Shoal in the Spratly group of islands.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2014', 'event': 'The Republic of the Philippines invokes the compulsory settlement of dispute clause under the Law of the Sea Convention.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2014', 'event': 'Vietnamese naval ships and Chinese vessels collide in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': "Beginning in 2015, China's People's Liberation Army Air Force began patrolling the South China Sea."}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2015', 'event': 'Upgrades and land reclamation were performed at Vietnamese-controlled Sand Cay between August 2011 and February 2015.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2015', 'event': 'China has been transforming Mischief Reef into an island since January.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2015', 'event': 'Chinese coast guard vessel anchored at Luconia Shoals (Betting Patinggi Ali), leading to a protest by Malaysia.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2015', 'event': "Philippines v. China is a pending arbitration case concerning the legality of China's 'nine-dotted line' claim over the South China Sea."}, {'timestamp': '08-15-2015', 'event': 'Malaysia continues its protest as China did not move their vessel by sending diplomatic notes.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-2015', 'event': 'US destroyer USS Lassen navigates within 12 nautical miles of the emerging land masses in the Spratly Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '10-29-2015', 'event': 'The tribunal ruled that it had the power to hear the case.'}, {'timestamp': '11-14-2015', 'event': 'Indonesia announces that it is planning to take China to court over the Natuna Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2016', 'event': "Vietnamese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Le Hai Binh said that the landing of a civilian aircraft in Fiery Cross Reef is 'a serious infringement of the sovereignty of Vietnam on the Spratly archipelago.'"}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2016', 'event': 'China has finished construction on a 10,000-ton cutter destined for patrols in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-2016', 'event': 'Satellite images shows that China is currently expanding the North Island and Tree Island, both part of the Paracel Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-2023', 'event': 'Beijing will set-up an International Maritime Judicial Center similar to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in order to help protect every countries sea rights.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2023', 'event': 'Indonesian maritime official involved in a clash with a Chinese coast guard boat over a Chinese trawler accused for illegal fishing off the Natuna islands.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2023', 'event': 'China has started to operate a new lighthouse in Subi Reef.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10-2023', 'event': 'The USS William P. Lawrence sailed within 12 miles of Fiery Cross Reef as part of the freedom of navigation patrol.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2023', 'event': 'Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said that more than 40 countries support its stance on South China Sea dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '05-19-2023', 'event': 'Indonesian military General Gatot Nurmantyo says they are considering conducting joint patrols with Malaysia and Philippines.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2023', 'event': 'A Chinese government bureau is planning to build a base station in the Spratly Islands to aid fishing boats in trouble and shorten the distance they need to travel.'}, {'timestamp': '06-23-2023', 'event': "Indonesian President Joko Widodo sailed on a warship off Natuna islands to send a 'clear message that the nation was very serious in its effort to protect its sovereignty'."}, {'timestamp': '07-08-2023', 'event': 'Philippine Foreign Secretary Perfecto Yasay said that the Philippines is willing to share the natural resources of West Philippine Sea to China.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-2023', 'event': "The arbitration tribunal in Philippines vs China concluded that China's historic claim within the nine-dash line has no legal basis beyond what's stipulated under UNCLOS."}]
|
[{'timestamp': '05-19-2023', 'event': 'Indonesian military General Gatot Nurmantyo says they are considering conducting joint patrols with Malaysia and Philippines.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16-2012', 'event': "The Chinese Foreign Ministry urged a Philippine archaeological ship to immediately leave the waters of the Scarborough Shoal, which China claims is an 'integral part of its territory.'"}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2014', 'event': 'Vietnamese naval ships and Chinese vessels collide in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '08-15-2015', 'event': 'Malaysia continues its protest as China did not move their vessel by sending diplomatic notes.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10-2023', 'event': 'The USS William P. Lawrence sailed within 12 miles of Fiery Cross Reef as part of the freedom of navigation patrol.'}, {'timestamp': '08-2012', 'event': 'Vietnam is believed to have begun land reclamation at West Reef.'}, {'timestamp': '09-05-2012', 'event': 'Philippine president Aquino promulgated Administrative Order No. 29, naming maritime areas on the western side of the Philippine archipelago as the West Philippine Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2015', 'event': 'Upgrades and land reclamation were performed at Vietnamese-controlled Sand Cay between August 2011 and February 2015.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2016', 'event': "Vietnamese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Le Hai Binh said that the landing of a civilian aircraft in Fiery Cross Reef is 'a serious infringement of the sovereignty of Vietnam on the Spratly archipelago.'"}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2011', 'event': 'Vietnam and China agree to a new set of principles on settling maritime disputes.'}, {'timestamp': '02-25-2011', 'event': 'The Chinese frigate Dongguan fired three shots at Philippine fishing boats in the vicinity of Jackson atoll. The shots were fired after the frigate instructed the fishing boats to leave, and one of those boats experienced trouble removing its anchor.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2012', 'event': "Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Fu Ying called a meeting with Alex Chua, Chargé d'affaires of the Philippine Embassy in China, to make a serious representation over the current incident at the Scarborough Shoal. China also warned its nationals against travel to the Philippines and raised trade barriers on imported pineapples and bananas."}, {'timestamp': '06-2012', 'event': "Indian Navy vessels sailing in the South China Sea received an unscheduled escort by a People's Liberation Army Navy frigate for 12 hours."}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2012', 'event': "a Jianghu-V type frigate of the PLA Navy, 560 Dongguan, ran aground on Half Moon Shoal just 60 nmi west of Rizal, well within the Philippines' 200 nmi-EEZ."}, {'timestamp': '09-2012', 'event': "Taiwan then performed live fire military exercises on Taiping island in September 2012, reports said that Vietnam was explicitly named by the Taiwanese military as the 'imaginary enemy' in the drill."}, {'timestamp': '05-2012', 'event': 'Taiwan said co-ordinating with the PRC in the South China Sea disputes was impossible at the moment.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2015', 'event': "Philippines v. China is a pending arbitration case concerning the legality of China's 'nine-dotted line' claim over the South China Sea."}, {'timestamp': '12-2012', 'event': 'Chinese government ships remain around the shoal and have been turning away Filipino vessels.'}, {'timestamp': '11-2011', 'event': "Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad stated that China was not a threat to anyone and was not worried about aggression from China, accusing the United States of provoking China and trying to turn China's neighbours against China."}, {'timestamp': '09-01-2012', 'event': 'ROC completed the 7-month construction of an antenna tower and runway on Taiping island, allowing the island to accommodate various kinds of military aircraft.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08-2023', 'event': 'Philippine Foreign Secretary Perfecto Yasay said that the Philippines is willing to share the natural resources of West Philippine Sea to China.'}, {'timestamp': '11-14-2015', 'event': 'Indonesia announces that it is planning to take China to court over the Natuna Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-2011', 'event': "The clash involved the Vietnamese Binh Minh 02 oil and gas survey ship and three Chinese maritime patrol vessels occurred 120 km (80 miles) off the south-central coast of Vietnam and some 600 km south of China's Hainan island. Vietnam says the Chinese boats deliberately cut the survey ship's cables in Vietnamese waters. China denies the allegation. The event stirred up unprecedented anti-China protests in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city."}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2023', 'event': 'Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said that more than 40 countries support its stance on South China Sea dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2023', 'event': 'China has started to operate a new lighthouse in Subi Reef.'}, {'timestamp': '10-29-2015', 'event': 'The tribunal ruled that it had the power to hear the case.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2014', 'event': "China imposes a 'fishing permit' rule in the South China Sea, over the objections of the United States, the Philippines, and Vietnam."}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2015', 'event': 'China has been transforming Mischief Reef into an island since January.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-2023', 'event': "The arbitration tribunal in Philippines vs China concluded that China's historic claim within the nine-dash line has no legal basis beyond what's stipulated under UNCLOS."}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2012', 'event': 'The Central Military Commission (China) decided to establish the Sansha garrison.'}, {'timestamp': '05-16-2012', 'event': 'A fishing ban in the Scarborough Shoal by the governments of China and the Philippines became effective. By mid June 2012, both nations had withdrawn their vessels from the waters around the disputed Shoal due to the arrival of the typhoon season.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2016', 'event': 'China has finished construction on a 10,000-ton cutter destined for patrols in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2012', 'event': 'In an interview with the Times of India, Philippines Vice-president Binay welcomed the statement made by Indian Navy Admiral Joshi who stated that the Indian Navy is prepared to operate in the South China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-2016', 'event': 'Satellite images shows that China is currently expanding the North Island and Tree Island, both part of the Paracel Islands.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11-2014', 'event': 'Two Philippine ships are expelled by the Chinese Coast Guard from Ayungin Shoal in the Spratly group of islands.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-2023', 'event': 'Beijing will set-up an International Maritime Judicial Center similar to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in order to help protect every countries sea rights.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2012', 'event': "Citing reports from diplomats on-hand, Reuters wrote that Cambodia 'batted away repeated attempts to raise the issue about the disputed waters during the ASEAN Meeting last week as well as the ASEAN Regional Forum.'"}, {'timestamp': '03-2013', 'event': 'Malaysia displayed no concern over China conducting a military exercise at James Shoal in March 2013.'}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': "Beginning in 2015, China's People's Liberation Army Air Force began patrolling the South China Sea."}, {'timestamp': '07-23-2010', 'event': 'US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stated that the South China Sea was a matter of U.S. national interest.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2023', 'event': 'A Chinese government bureau is planning to build a base station in the Spratly Islands to aid fishing boats in trouble and shorten the distance they need to travel.'}, {'timestamp': '09-23-2012', 'event': 'China launched a program to increase the number of UAVs monitoring the Scarborough Shoal, Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and East China Sea.'}, {'timestamp': '06-23-2023', 'event': "Indonesian President Joko Widodo sailed on a warship off Natuna islands to send a 'clear message that the nation was very serious in its effort to protect its sovereignty'."}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2009', 'event': 'The deadline for states to make seabed hydrocarbon claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This is suspected to have caused ancient island claims to surface and become inflamed.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2012', 'event': "China had erected a barrier to the entrance of the shoal, and that vessels belonging to Beijing's China Marine Surveillance and Fisheries Law Enforcement Command were observed nearby the disputed shoal."}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2011', 'event': "A Norwegian-flagged seismic conducting ship hired by Vietnam Oil & Gas Corporation (PetroVietnam) clashed with another three Chinese fishery patrol vessels within Vietnam's Exclusive Economic Zone. Vietnam once again claimed its exploration cables were deliberately cut."}, {'timestamp': '04-2012', 'event': 'The Philippine warship Gregorio del Pilar was involved in a standoff with two Chinese surveillance vessels in the Scarborough Shoal, an area claimed by both nations. The Philippine navy had been trying to arrest Chinese fishermen who were allegedly taking government-protected marine species from the area, but the surveillance boats prevented them.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2023', 'event': 'Indonesian maritime official involved in a clash with a Chinese coast guard boat over a Chinese trawler accused for illegal fishing off the Natuna islands.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2012', 'event': 'The National Assembly of Vietnam passed a law demarcating Vietnamese sea borders to include the Spratly and Paracel islands.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2014', 'event': 'The Republic of the Philippines invokes the compulsory settlement of dispute clause under the Law of the Sea Convention.'}, {'timestamp': '08-2013', 'event': 'Malaysia suggested that it might work with China over their South China Sea claims and ignore the other claimants.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2012', 'event': 'By 15 July the ship had been refloated and was returning to port with no injuries and only minor damage.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2015', 'event': 'Chinese coast guard vessel anchored at Luconia Shoals (Betting Patinggi Ali), leading to a protest by Malaysia.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-2015', 'event': 'US destroyer USS Lassen navigates within 12 nautical miles of the emerging land masses in the Spratly Islands.'}]
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Timeline of the South China Sea dispute
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[{'timestamp': '09-25-2017', 'event': 'Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs expresses opposition after a Filipino coast guard vessel opened fire on a Vietnamese fishing boat, resulting in the death of two fishermen.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2019', 'event': 'China sent fishing boats guarded by coastguard vessels to waters claimed by Indonesia to be its exclusive economic zone off the Natuna islands.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2020', 'event': 'Indonesia reported further Chinese fishing boats with Chinese coastguard ship escort in its exclusive economic zone.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-2020', 'event': "The PRC announced that guided missile destroyer John S McCain had been 'expelled' after it 'trespassed' into Chinese territorial waters close to the Spratly Islands."}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2021', 'event': "During a meeting with Tajikistan's Foreign Minister Sirojiddin Muhriddin at the State Department in Washington, United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated, 'an armed attack on Philippine armed forces, public vessels, or aircraft in the South China Sea would invoke US mutual defence commitments under Article IV of the 1951 US-Philippines Mutual Defence Treaty.'"}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2021', 'event': 'The HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08) aircraft carrier task force sailed through disputed international waters in the South China Sea - and deployed ships in the region.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2021', 'event': 'The German frigate Bayern set sail for South China Sea, making it the first German warship to go through the area since 2002.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2022', 'event': "A U.S. warship challenged China's, Taiwan's, and Vietnam's claims to parts of the Spratly Islands."}, {'timestamp': '08-28-2023', 'event': "China's Ministry of Natural Resources revised its territorial claims map with extension of the 'nine-dash line' by an eastern move of a dash near the coast of Borneo."}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2024', 'event': 'China and the Philippines traded accusations over a ship collision near Second Thomas Shoal.'}, {'timestamp': '08-2024', 'event': 'Chinese and Philippine vessels collide in multiple incidents near the Sabina Shoal.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-28-2023', 'event': "China's Ministry of Natural Resources revised its territorial claims map with extension of the 'nine-dash line' by an eastern move of a dash near the coast of Borneo."}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2021', 'event': 'The German frigate Bayern set sail for South China Sea, making it the first German warship to go through the area since 2002.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2021', 'event': "During a meeting with Tajikistan's Foreign Minister Sirojiddin Muhriddin at the State Department in Washington, United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated, 'an armed attack on Philippine armed forces, public vessels, or aircraft in the South China Sea would invoke US mutual defence commitments under Article IV of the 1951 US-Philippines Mutual Defence Treaty.'"}, {'timestamp': '09-25-2017', 'event': 'Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs expresses opposition after a Filipino coast guard vessel opened fire on a Vietnamese fishing boat, resulting in the death of two fishermen.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-2020', 'event': "The PRC announced that guided missile destroyer John S McCain had been 'expelled' after it 'trespassed' into Chinese territorial waters close to the Spratly Islands."}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2021', 'event': 'The HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08) aircraft carrier task force sailed through disputed international waters in the South China Sea - and deployed ships in the region.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2019', 'event': 'China sent fishing boats guarded by coastguard vessels to waters claimed by Indonesia to be its exclusive economic zone off the Natuna islands.'}, {'timestamp': '08-2024', 'event': 'Chinese and Philippine vessels collide in multiple incidents near the Sabina Shoal.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2022', 'event': "A U.S. warship challenged China's, Taiwan's, and Vietnam's claims to parts of the Spratly Islands."}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2024', 'event': 'China and the Philippines traded accusations over a ship collision near Second Thomas Shoal.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2020', 'event': 'Indonesia reported further Chinese fishing boats with Chinese coastguard ship escort in its exclusive economic zone.'}]
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Timeline of the War in Afghanistan (February 2004)
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[{'timestamp': '01-01-2004', 'event': 'Close to half of the loya jirga boycotted a vote on five disputed articles concerning the Proposed Afghan Constitution, promoting Chairman Subghatullah Mujadidi to call for a two-day adjournment to for negotiations. Advisors from the United Nations (UN) and the United States were present to help mediate between the two sides. The primary controversy concerned whether to have a strong president or a strong parliament.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2004', 'event': 'In Kabul, Afghan leaders met privately with U.S. and UN officials, including UN envoy Lakhdar Brahimi and U.S. ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, to try to end the impasse over the Proposed Afghan Constitution.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2004', 'event': 'A rocket exploded in Kabul. There were no casualties.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2004', 'event': 'The loya jirga adopted the proposed Afghan Constitution by way of consensus.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2004', 'event': 'North of Qalat, Zabul Province, men kidnapped an Afghan aid worker who was part of a caravan for Shelter For Life. Two local people were shot and injured when they tried to stop the militants. Taliban spokesman Mullah Abdul Hakim Latifi claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar, at least sixteen people were killed (six of which were children) and 58 people were wounded when a time bomb hidden in an apple cart exploded 100 yards (91 m) away from an Afghan military base.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar, two Afghan National Army soldiers were wounded (one losing a leg) by a bomb that exploded on the roof of a building less than an eighth of a mile from the January 6 incident that killed over a dozen people.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2004', 'event': 'Interim Afghan president Hamid Karzai announced that he would be a candidate for the election to be held in June.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2004', 'event': 'Five Afghan National Army soldiers died and three others were injured when they came under attack in Kandahar Province.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2004', 'event': 'The Afghan National Field Hockey Team arrived in Peshawar, Pakistan to play six matches over ten days.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2004', 'event': 'Afghanistan released 100 Pakistani prisoners to reciprocate a similar gesture by Pakistan only days earlier.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2004', 'event': 'About a dozen rockets were fired at the U.S. base near the Khost airport in Afghanistan. There were no casualties.'}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2004', 'event': 'Outgoing U.N. envoy to Afghanistan, Lakhdar Brahimi, told the United Nations Security Council that elections scheduled for June were unrealistic because factions and extremists continued to threaten the peace process.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2004', 'event': 'Rebels attacked a border post in Maruf district in Kandahar Province, killing seven members of the Afghan National Army.'}, {'timestamp': '03-05-2004', 'event': 'U.S.-led forces killed nine rebels in a gun battle in near Orgun, near the border with Pakistan.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-2004', 'event': 'Near Qalat, Zabul Province, Mohammad Isah, a director of the Afghan Red Crescent Society, was murdered by men who stopped his car.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07-2004', 'event': 'Afghan government officials announced that Afghan Planning Minister Haji Muhammad Mohaqiq resigned from the cabinet.'}, {'timestamp': '03-08-2004', 'event': "Human Rights Watch published Enduring Freedom - Abuses by US Forces in Afghanistan, which criticizes the United States' actions in Afghanistan."}, {'timestamp': '03-09-2004', 'event': 'In Ankara, Turkey, Afghan Deputy Prime Minister and Defense Minister Mohammad Fahim Khan met with Turkish National Defense Minister Vecdi Gönül.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10-2004', 'event': 'Three rockets were fired at the U.S. base at the airport near Kandahar.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-2004', 'event': 'Dodsal, a Dubai-based construction company, signed a US$230 million contract to set up a modern petroleum infrastructure in Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '03-13-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar Province, rebels attacked a government office.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-2004', 'event': 'Three rockets landed in Jalalabad.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2004', 'event': 'The United States initiated Operation Mountain Storm.'}, {'timestamp': '03-16-2004', 'event': 'In an iris verification center in Quetta, Pakistan, 174 Afghan refugees were processed.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-2004', 'event': 'In Kabul, United States Secretary of State Colin Powell met with Afghan interim President Hamid Karzai to discuss security and preparations for the June elections.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2004', 'event': 'Pakistani forces re-engaged an operation against suspected Al-Qaeda rebels in the villages of Azam Warsak, Shin Warsak and Kaloosha.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2004', 'event': 'A U.S. airstrike on a village in the Charcheno district of Afghanistan killed six civilians and injured seven.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2004', 'event': 'Taliban forces threatened to kill a Turkish highway engineer kidnapped three weeks earlier.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2004', 'event': 'Afghan Civil Aviation Minister Mirwais Sadiq was killed by a rocket propelled grenade during a gun battle in Herat.'}, {'timestamp': '03-22-2004', 'event': 'Afghan defense minister Mohammad Qasim Fahim and interior minister Ali Ahmad Jalali arrived in Herat to assess tensions.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-2004', 'event': 'In Herat, a public burial took place for Mirwais Sadiq. The body was taken by tank to its resting place on a hill overlooking the city. Thousands were in attendance.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26-2004', 'event': 'The United Nations Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 1536 which extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan for another full year.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-2004', 'event': 'In Afghanistan, three hand grenades were thrown at homes of Afghan National Army soldiers. No one was injured.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2004', 'event': 'Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai announced that the national elections scheduled for June would be delayed until September to give the U.N. more time to prepare.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar, militia corps commander Khan Mohammed oversaw hundreds of his fighters giving up their assault rifles, machine guns, and rockets to the Afghan National Army.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2004', 'event': 'In a raid in southern Afghanistan, U.S. troops detained six suspected Taliban members.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-2004', 'event': 'In Berlin, Germany, a two-day international conference on reconstruction assistance to Afghanistan began. The conference was attended by 65 countries. Alastair McKechnie, the World Bank country director for Afghanistan, hoped to accumulate during the conference donations of US$27.5 billion (to be granted over seven years). Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai and United States Secretary of State Colin Powell announced that the United States had, on top of the US$1.2 billion already promised, pledged an additional US$1 billion in aid for 2004. Japan promised US$525 million more over the next two years. German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder pledged (in addition to US$391 million promised at a conference in Tokyo in 2002) US$391 million over the next four years.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01-2004', 'event': "Up to fifty New Zealand Special Air Service troops flew to Afghanistan for 'long-range reconnaissance and direct action missions'."}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2004', 'event': 'In Badakhshan Province, anti-narcotics police destroyed four heroin laboratories and seized 10 tons of opium poppy. There were several arrests.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2004', 'event': 'A three-hour gun battle occurred during a joint Afghan–U.S. operation near Gereshk in Helmand Province, killing one rebel and one Afghan soldier, while wounding one U.S. soldier and one Afghan soldier.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2004', 'event': 'Troops under the command of Abdul Rashid Dostum overran Maymana, the capital of Faryab Province. Some reports claim Dostum forces fired into a crowd, killing four. Gov. Enayatullah Enayat was rushed to an airport and evacuated. Afghan National Army troops were flown from Kabul to Faryab province.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-2004', 'event': 'In Kod-i-Barq, Balkh Province, an armed encounter took place between forces loyal to Abdul Rashid Dostum and a local Tajik leader Atta Mohammad. The incident took place in the Mazar fertilizer factory residential area and resulted in a few injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2004', 'event': "In Verona, Italy, nine members of the Afghanistan national football team disappeared during the team's tour of Europe. Italian border police were alerted. They later surfaced in Germany and the Netherlands to claim asylum."}, {'timestamp': '04-13-2004', 'event': 'Afghan national security officers, local police and more than 100 Canadian soldiers raided a compound in the Charar Asiab district outside Kabul, arresting six suspects of Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-2004', 'event': 'Taliban members ambushed and shot dead the deputy chief of Mezana District and several of his colleagues in Zabul Province.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2004', 'event': 'United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Ruud Lubbers began a four-day visit to Afghanistan. He was supposed to visit the Zahre Dasht camp for internally displaced persons (near Kandahar); however, his security could not be insured, and the visit was canceled.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16-2004', 'event': 'The government of Nangarhar Province banned women from performing or reporting news on television and radio.'}, {'timestamp': '04-17-2004', 'event': 'United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Ruud Lubbers visited with interim Afghan president Hamid Karzai and other senior Afghan officials in Kabul. Lubbers also visited Istalif and the Bagaram district.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '03-07-2004', 'event': 'Afghan government officials announced that Afghan Planning Minister Haji Muhammad Mohaqiq resigned from the cabinet.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-2004', 'event': 'Taliban members ambushed and shot dead the deputy chief of Mezana District and several of his colleagues in Zabul Province.'}, {'timestamp': '04-13-2004', 'event': 'Afghan national security officers, local police and more than 100 Canadian soldiers raided a compound in the Charar Asiab district outside Kabul, arresting six suspects of Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-2004', 'event': 'Dodsal, a Dubai-based construction company, signed a US$230 million contract to set up a modern petroleum infrastructure in Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-2004', 'event': 'Near Qalat, Zabul Province, Mohammad Isah, a director of the Afghan Red Crescent Society, was murdered by men who stopped his car.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2004', 'event': 'Pakistani forces re-engaged an operation against suspected Al-Qaeda rebels in the villages of Azam Warsak, Shin Warsak and Kaloosha.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-2004', 'event': 'In Kod-i-Barq, Balkh Province, an armed encounter took place between forces loyal to Abdul Rashid Dostum and a local Tajik leader Atta Mohammad. The incident took place in the Mazar fertilizer factory residential area and resulted in a few injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2004', 'event': 'Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai announced that the national elections scheduled for June would be delayed until September to give the U.N. more time to prepare.'}, {'timestamp': '03-09-2004', 'event': 'In Ankara, Turkey, Afghan Deputy Prime Minister and Defense Minister Mohammad Fahim Khan met with Turkish National Defense Minister Vecdi Gönül.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-2004', 'event': 'In Kabul, United States Secretary of State Colin Powell met with Afghan interim President Hamid Karzai to discuss security and preparations for the June elections.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar, at least sixteen people were killed (six of which were children) and 58 people were wounded when a time bomb hidden in an apple cart exploded 100 yards (91 m) away from an Afghan military base.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01-2004', 'event': "Up to fifty New Zealand Special Air Service troops flew to Afghanistan for 'long-range reconnaissance and direct action missions'."}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2004', 'event': 'The Afghan National Field Hockey Team arrived in Peshawar, Pakistan to play six matches over ten days.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-2004', 'event': 'In Herat, a public burial took place for Mirwais Sadiq. The body was taken by tank to its resting place on a hill overlooking the city. Thousands were in attendance.'}, {'timestamp': '03-22-2004', 'event': 'Afghan defense minister Mohammad Qasim Fahim and interior minister Ali Ahmad Jalali arrived in Herat to assess tensions.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2004', 'event': 'Interim Afghan president Hamid Karzai announced that he would be a candidate for the election to be held in June.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10-2004', 'event': 'Three rockets were fired at the U.S. base at the airport near Kandahar.'}, {'timestamp': '03-08-2004', 'event': "Human Rights Watch published Enduring Freedom - Abuses by US Forces in Afghanistan, which criticizes the United States' actions in Afghanistan."}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2004', 'event': 'North of Qalat, Zabul Province, men kidnapped an Afghan aid worker who was part of a caravan for Shelter For Life. Two local people were shot and injured when they tried to stop the militants. Taliban spokesman Mullah Abdul Hakim Latifi claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-2004', 'event': 'In Berlin, Germany, a two-day international conference on reconstruction assistance to Afghanistan began. The conference was attended by 65 countries. Alastair McKechnie, the World Bank country director for Afghanistan, hoped to accumulate during the conference donations of US$27.5 billion (to be granted over seven years). Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai and United States Secretary of State Colin Powell announced that the United States had, on top of the US$1.2 billion already promised, pledged an additional US$1 billion in aid for 2004. Japan promised US$525 million more over the next two years. German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder pledged (in addition to US$391 million promised at a conference in Tokyo in 2002) US$391 million over the next four years.'}, {'timestamp': '03-13-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar Province, rebels attacked a government office.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2004', 'event': 'In Badakhshan Province, anti-narcotics police destroyed four heroin laboratories and seized 10 tons of opium poppy. There were several arrests.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2004', 'event': 'In a raid in southern Afghanistan, U.S. troops detained six suspected Taliban members.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2004', 'event': 'Troops under the command of Abdul Rashid Dostum overran Maymana, the capital of Faryab Province. Some reports claim Dostum forces fired into a crowd, killing four. Gov. Enayatullah Enayat was rushed to an airport and evacuated. Afghan National Army troops were flown from Kabul to Faryab province.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2004', 'event': 'Afghan Civil Aviation Minister Mirwais Sadiq was killed by a rocket propelled grenade during a gun battle in Herat.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2004', 'event': 'The loya jirga adopted the proposed Afghan Constitution by way of consensus.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26-2004', 'event': 'The United Nations Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 1536 which extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan for another full year.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar, militia corps commander Khan Mohammed oversaw hundreds of his fighters giving up their assault rifles, machine guns, and rockets to the Afghan National Army.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2004', 'event': 'In Kandahar, two Afghan National Army soldiers were wounded (one losing a leg) by a bomb that exploded on the roof of a building less than an eighth of a mile from the January 6 incident that killed over a dozen people.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2004', 'event': 'A three-hour gun battle occurred during a joint Afghan–U.S. operation near Gereshk in Helmand Province, killing one rebel and one Afghan soldier, while wounding one U.S. soldier and one Afghan soldier.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2004', 'event': 'The United States initiated Operation Mountain Storm.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-2004', 'event': 'Three rockets landed in Jalalabad.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2004', 'event': 'In Kabul, Afghan leaders met privately with U.S. and UN officials, including UN envoy Lakhdar Brahimi and U.S. ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, to try to end the impasse over the Proposed Afghan Constitution.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2004', 'event': 'Taliban forces threatened to kill a Turkish highway engineer kidnapped three weeks earlier.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2004', 'event': 'United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Ruud Lubbers began a four-day visit to Afghanistan. He was supposed to visit the Zahre Dasht camp for internally displaced persons (near Kandahar); however, his security could not be insured, and the visit was canceled.'}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2004', 'event': 'Outgoing U.N. envoy to Afghanistan, Lakhdar Brahimi, told the United Nations Security Council that elections scheduled for June were unrealistic because factions and extremists continued to threaten the peace process.'}, {'timestamp': '03-16-2004', 'event': 'In an iris verification center in Quetta, Pakistan, 174 Afghan refugees were processed.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2004', 'event': 'Five Afghan National Army soldiers died and three others were injured when they came under attack in Kandahar Province.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2004', 'event': 'Rebels attacked a border post in Maruf district in Kandahar Province, killing seven members of the Afghan National Army.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-2004', 'event': 'In Afghanistan, three hand grenades were thrown at homes of Afghan National Army soldiers. No one was injured.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2004', 'event': 'A rocket exploded in Kabul. There were no casualties.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2004', 'event': "In Verona, Italy, nine members of the Afghanistan national football team disappeared during the team's tour of Europe. Italian border police were alerted. They later surfaced in Germany and the Netherlands to claim asylum."}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2004', 'event': 'A U.S. airstrike on a village in the Charcheno district of Afghanistan killed six civilians and injured seven.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2004', 'event': 'About a dozen rockets were fired at the U.S. base near the Khost airport in Afghanistan. There were no casualties.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2004', 'event': 'Close to half of the loya jirga boycotted a vote on five disputed articles concerning the Proposed Afghan Constitution, promoting Chairman Subghatullah Mujadidi to call for a two-day adjournment to for negotiations. Advisors from the United Nations (UN) and the United States were present to help mediate between the two sides. The primary controversy concerned whether to have a strong president or a strong parliament.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2004', 'event': 'Afghanistan released 100 Pakistani prisoners to reciprocate a similar gesture by Pakistan only days earlier.'}, {'timestamp': '04-17-2004', 'event': 'United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Ruud Lubbers visited with interim Afghan president Hamid Karzai and other senior Afghan officials in Kabul. Lubbers also visited Istalif and the Bagaram district.'}, {'timestamp': '03-05-2004', 'event': 'U.S.-led forces killed nine rebels in a gun battle in near Orgun, near the border with Pakistan.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16-2004', 'event': 'The government of Nangarhar Province banned women from performing or reporting news on television and radio.'}]
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Timeline of the War in Afghanistan (February 2004)
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[{'timestamp': '04-18-2004', 'event': 'The Economic Cooperation Organization opened a two-day conference in Kabul bringing together representatives from ten regional countries. The agenda included ways to improve development and promote trade, and investment opportunities.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19-2004', 'event': 'In a raid on a compound in central Kabul, local police and ISAF forces arrested eight militants with suspected links to Hezb-i-Islami and al-Qaeda.'}, {'timestamp': '04-20-2004', 'event': 'At the opening in Kabul of a three-day gathering of representatives of international donor countries, interim president Hamid Karzai announced a reduction in the size of his 30-person cabinet and a clarification of the responsibilities of each ministry. However, the plan needed the approved of the current cabinet before taking effect.'}, {'timestamp': '05-19-2021', 'event': 'Between Shindand and Farah, rebels ambushed a police car, and killed two officers returning home from escorting U.N. staff members.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2021', 'event': 'A remote-controlled bomb destroyed a vehicle carrying election workers through the Jaji Maydan District of Khost Province, Afghanistan, injuring at least four people.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2021', 'event': 'In Tani village, Khost Province, Afghanistan, three civilians were killed and two wounded in a pre-dawn attack by U.S. helicopter gunships.'}, {'timestamp': '05-22-2021', 'event': 'The U.S. military named Brig. Gen. Charles Jacoby, deputy operational commander at the Bagram Air Base, to carry out a review of U.S. secretive Afghan.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2021', 'event': 'In Kabul, a rocket-propelled grenade killed a Norwegian ISAF peacekeeper and injured another as a four-vehicle convoy was driving back from patrol.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2021', 'event': 'Pakistani and U.S. military officials met to discuss mechanism to stop recent military incursions from Afghanistan by U.S. forces hunting suspected al-Qaeda and Taliban fugitives in the border region.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-2021', 'event': 'Interim Afghan president Hamid Karzai enacted an election law that requires both presidential and parliamentary elections to be held through free, general, secret and direct voting.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-2021', 'event': 'A remote-controlled explosive wounded five Afghan soldiers on a road in the Sozyan area of Uruzgan Province.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2021', 'event': 'Four U.S. Special Operations Soldiers were killed when their Humvee hit a landmine in the Sorie district of Zabul Province.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2021', 'event': 'Haji Ajab Shah, the chief of police Jalalabad, was killed and three of his staff injured after a bomb exploded underneath his chair.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2021', 'event': 'Afghans Fasil Ahmad and Besmillah, Belgian Helene de Beir, Norwegian Egil Tynaes, and Dutchman Willem Kwint, all workers for Doctors Without Borders killed in an ambush near Khair Khana in Badghis Province.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2021', 'event': 'Doctors Without Borders suspended its work in Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '06-04-2021', 'event': 'North of Spin Boldak, Afghanistan, militants exchanged fire with U.S.-led forces.'}, {'timestamp': '06-05-2021', 'event': 'In Paktia Province, a convoy of Afghan and foreign staff preparing for the elections was ambushed.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07-2021', 'event': 'A U.S. soldier was killed and two others wounded after their vehicle hit a landmine in southeastern Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2021', 'event': 'U.S.-led coalition and Afghan forces completed a week-long operation in the Daychopan District of Zabul Province.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2021', 'event': 'Eleven Chinese aid workers from Jiangxi province were killed in their compound by a score of armed men in Kunduz.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2021', 'event': "In Kunduz Province, police chief Mutaleb Beg announced that two suspects were detained in connection with the previous day's massacre of Chinese aid workers."}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2021', 'event': 'In southeast Afghanistan, eleven rockets were fired at a U.N. convoy carrying government officials.'}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2021', 'event': 'In Shorabak, Kandahar Province, sixty rebels clashed with fifty Afghan National Army troops for over three hours.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2021', 'event': "Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai appeared on NBC's Meet the Press and on CNN's Late Edition."}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2021', 'event': "Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai held a press conference with U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld beside a 9–11 memorial plaque on a section of The Pentagon's western wall."}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2021', 'event': 'Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai addressed the U.S. Congress in the House Chamber.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16-2021', 'event': 'In Kunduz Province, a NATO convoy was bombed, killing a driver and three bystanders.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2021', 'event': "Four suspects linked to the previous day's NATO convoy bombing were detained in Kunduz Province by Afghan officials."}]
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[{'timestamp': '06-01-2021', 'event': 'Haji Ajab Shah, the chief of police Jalalabad, was killed and three of his staff injured after a bomb exploded underneath his chair.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16-2021', 'event': 'In Kunduz Province, a NATO convoy was bombed, killing a driver and three bystanders.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2021', 'event': 'Eleven Chinese aid workers from Jiangxi province were killed in their compound by a score of armed men in Kunduz.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19-2004', 'event': 'In a raid on a compound in central Kabul, local police and ISAF forces arrested eight militants with suspected links to Hezb-i-Islami and al-Qaeda.'}, {'timestamp': '06-04-2021', 'event': 'North of Spin Boldak, Afghanistan, militants exchanged fire with U.S.-led forces.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2021', 'event': "Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai appeared on NBC's Meet the Press and on CNN's Late Edition."}, {'timestamp': '06-05-2021', 'event': 'In Paktia Province, a convoy of Afghan and foreign staff preparing for the elections was ambushed.'}, {'timestamp': '04-20-2004', 'event': 'At the opening in Kabul of a three-day gathering of representatives of international donor countries, interim president Hamid Karzai announced a reduction in the size of his 30-person cabinet and a clarification of the responsibilities of each ministry. However, the plan needed the approved of the current cabinet before taking effect.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2021', 'event': 'Doctors Without Borders suspended its work in Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2021', 'event': "In Kunduz Province, police chief Mutaleb Beg announced that two suspects were detained in connection with the previous day's massacre of Chinese aid workers."}, {'timestamp': '05-19-2021', 'event': 'Between Shindand and Farah, rebels ambushed a police car, and killed two officers returning home from escorting U.N. staff members.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07-2021', 'event': 'A U.S. soldier was killed and two others wounded after their vehicle hit a landmine in southeastern Afghanistan.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-2021', 'event': 'Interim Afghan president Hamid Karzai enacted an election law that requires both presidential and parliamentary elections to be held through free, general, secret and direct voting.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2021', 'event': 'Four U.S. Special Operations Soldiers were killed when their Humvee hit a landmine in the Sorie district of Zabul Province.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2021', 'event': 'Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai addressed the U.S. Congress in the House Chamber.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2021', 'event': 'In Tani village, Khost Province, Afghanistan, three civilians were killed and two wounded in a pre-dawn attack by U.S. helicopter gunships.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2021', 'event': 'In Kabul, a rocket-propelled grenade killed a Norwegian ISAF peacekeeper and injured another as a four-vehicle convoy was driving back from patrol.'}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2021', 'event': 'In Shorabak, Kandahar Province, sixty rebels clashed with fifty Afghan National Army troops for over three hours.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-2004', 'event': 'The Economic Cooperation Organization opened a two-day conference in Kabul bringing together representatives from ten regional countries. The agenda included ways to improve development and promote trade, and investment opportunities.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2021', 'event': 'In southeast Afghanistan, eleven rockets were fired at a U.N. convoy carrying government officials.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2021', 'event': "Four suspects linked to the previous day's NATO convoy bombing were detained in Kunduz Province by Afghan officials."}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2021', 'event': "Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai held a press conference with U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld beside a 9–11 memorial plaque on a section of The Pentagon's western wall."}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2021', 'event': 'Pakistani and U.S. military officials met to discuss mechanism to stop recent military incursions from Afghanistan by U.S. forces hunting suspected al-Qaeda and Taliban fugitives in the border region.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2021', 'event': 'Afghans Fasil Ahmad and Besmillah, Belgian Helene de Beir, Norwegian Egil Tynaes, and Dutchman Willem Kwint, all workers for Doctors Without Borders killed in an ambush near Khair Khana in Badghis Province.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2021', 'event': 'A remote-controlled bomb destroyed a vehicle carrying election workers through the Jaji Maydan District of Khost Province, Afghanistan, injuring at least four people.'}, {'timestamp': '05-22-2021', 'event': 'The U.S. military named Brig. Gen. Charles Jacoby, deputy operational commander at the Bagram Air Base, to carry out a review of U.S. secretive Afghan.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2021', 'event': 'U.S.-led coalition and Afghan forces completed a week-long operation in the Daychopan District of Zabul Province.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-2021', 'event': 'A remote-controlled explosive wounded five Afghan soldiers on a road in the Sozyan area of Uruzgan Province.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '09-01-1971', 'event': "the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) was formed from various loyalist 'defence groups' in Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '04-20-1972', 'event': 'UDA members walked into a taxi depot on Clifton Street in Belfast and asked for a taxi to Ardoyne. From the location of the depot and the stated destination, they could be sure their driver was a Catholic. They forced the driver (Gerard Donnelly, aged 22) to stop at Harrybrook Street, where they killed him with a shot in the head.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-1972', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (Victor Andrews, aged 20) was found stabbed to death in an entry off Baltic Avenue, New Lodge, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '05-14-1972', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (Gerard McCusker, aged 24) was found beaten and shot dead on waste ground at Hopeton Street, Shankill Road, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '05-17-1972', 'event': 'the UDA kidnapped a Catholic civilian (Bernard Moane, aged 46) from a pub on the Shankill Road in Belfast. They took him to Knockagh War Memorial near Greenisland, County Antrim, and shot him to death.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-1972', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Andrew Brennan, aged 22) at his home on Sicily Park, Finaghy, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-1972', 'event': 'the UDA carried out a drive-by shooting on a group of Catholic teenagers in Belfast. A Catholic civilian (Marian Brown, aged 17) was killed and a number of others wounded as they stood on the corner of Roden Street and Grosvenor Road. The British Army were on patrol when they exchanged shots with a gunman in the car, who was wielding a Thompson submachine gun.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-1972', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (John Madden, aged 43) as he swept the footpath outside his shop on Oldpark Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16-1972', 'event': "the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Charles Connor, aged 32) at Minnowburn, Shaw's Bridge, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '06-24-1972', 'event': 'a UDA paramilitary (John Brown, aged 29), was found shot near his home, Blackmountain Parade, Springmartin, Belfast. He had been killed in an internal Ulster Defence Association dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '06-26-1972', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer (John Black, aged 32) was shot by the British Army at a barricade in Douglas Street, off Beersbridge Road, Belfast during street disturbances. He died five weeks later.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-1972', 'event': "a UDA volunteer (William Galloway, aged 18) was shot dead by an unknown republican group in Edlingham Street, Tiger's Bay, Belfast during street disturbances."}, {'timestamp': '06-30-1972', 'event': "the UDA began to set up 'no-go areas' (urban areas which were entirely controlled by the group and blocked off by barricades). UDA members stopped and questioned people at these barricades and a number of them were killed, usually when they were found to be Catholic."}, {'timestamp': '07-01-1972', 'event': 'an English civilian visitor (Paul Jobling, aged 19) was found hooded and shot dead on waste ground, Westway Drive, Glencairn, Belfast. It is thought the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-1972', 'event': "a Catholic civilian (Daniel Hayes, aged 40) was found shot dead in a playground at the mainly loyalist Penrith Street, Shankill, Belfast. A witness who lived nearby said he saw two men take a third out of a car and into the playground. The car driver said to the witness: 'You are all right, it's the UDA'. He then heard five shots."}, {'timestamp': '07-02-1972', 'event': "two Catholic civilians (James Howell, aged 31, and Gerard McCrea, aged 27) were found hooded and shot dead in Belfast. Their bodies were found in different locations but it was believed they were killed together. Howell was found in McCrea's car, Cavour Street, off Old Lodge Road, Belfast. McCrea was found at Forthriver Road, Glencairn, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible."}, {'timestamp': '07-10-1972', 'event': 'the UDA was involved in a ten-hour long gun battle with Republican paramilitaries in the Lower Falls area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-1972', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (Charles Watson, aged 21) was found shot dead off Carlisle Circus, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-1972', 'event': 'UDA and UVF members shot dead a 15-year-old Catholic civilian (David McClenaghan) in his home on Southport Street, Belfast. They also sexually assaulted his mother.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-1972', 'event': "a UDA volunteer shot dead two civilians inside McCabe's Bar on High Street, Portadown, County Armagh. One (Jack McCabe, aged 48) was the pub's Catholic owner and the other (William Cochrane, aged 53) was a Protestant customer. Both were shot in the head at close range. The gunman was a former RUC officer who was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murders. There were shouts of 'Keep up the fight!' from about a dozen people in the court's public gallery."}, {'timestamp': '07-13-1972', 'event': 'an off-duty Catholic Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) soldier, Henry Russell (aged 23), was found dead at Larkfield Drive, Sydenham, Belfast. He had been burnt, stabbed, battered and shot in the head, reputedly as an alleged informer.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-1972', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (Felix Hughes, aged 35) was kidnapped, beaten, tortured and shot dead by the UDA in a mainly loyalist area of Portadown. His body was found on 4 August 1972 in a drain near Watson Street.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19-1972', 'event': 'a Protestant civilian (Hugh Wright, aged 21), was found shot dead in a field off Hightown Road, near Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-1972', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Anthony Davidson, aged 21) at his home on Clovelly Street, off Springfield Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-1972', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer (William Irvine, aged 18) was killed in a car bomb explosion at Oxford Street Bus Station, Belfast. An inadequate warning had been given.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-1972', 'event': "the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians, Rosemary McCartney (aged 27) and Patrick O'Neill (aged 26). Their bodies were found in an abandoned car, Forthriver Road, Glencairn, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '07-24-1972', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian, Frederick Maguire, aged 56, who was married to a Catholic, on Mayo Street, Shankill, Belfast. He was shot dead on his way to work at a linen mill.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-1972', 'event': 'the Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) shot a UDA volunteer (James Kenna, aged 19) dead while he was walking at the junction of Roden and Clifford streets, Belfast. He was reportedly part of a Loyalist mob attempting to invade a Catholic area.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-1972', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians, Francis Corr (aged 52) and James McGerty (aged 26), in an abandoned car which they then burned on Summer Street, Lower Oldpark, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-1972', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Francis McStravick, aged 42) off Linfield Road, Sandy Row, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28-1972', 'event': "a Catholic (Philip Maguire, aged 55) was found shot dead in his firm's van on Carrowreagh Road, Dundonald, County Down. He was a founding member of the local credit union and a member of the paramilitary Catholic Ex-Servicemen's Association. It is believed the UDA was responsible."}, {'timestamp': '07-29-1972', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Daniel Dunne, aged 19) outside his home, Blackwood Street, off Ormeau Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-1972', 'event': 'the body of a Catholic civilian (Francis Wynne, aged 37) was found in an abandoned car on Jaffa Street, Shankill, Belfast. He had been kidnapped, beaten and shot twice in the head by UDA volunteers.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed a Catholic civilian (Thomas Madden, aged 48) to death in a shop doorway on Oldpark Road, Belfast. He was a night-watchman. The man had 110 stab wounds on all parts of his body.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Philip Faye, aged 21) at his home on Island Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian (Thomas Boyd, aged 28) at his home on Carlisle Street, off Crumlin Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-31', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Patrick Devenney, aged 27) on Rugby Road, Belfast. The body was found in a sack.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '09-01-1971', 'event': "the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) was formed from various loyalist 'defence groups' in Belfast."}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '08-31', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (Eamon McMahon, aged 19) was found dead in the River Bann at Portadown. He had been tied up and beaten to death by UDA volunteers.'}, {'timestamp': '09-06', 'event': "UDA volunteers threw a bomb into the home of Republican Labour Party councillor James O'Kane on Cedar Avenue, off Antrim Road, Belfast. A Catholic civilian (Bridget Breen, aged 33) was killed, and five others (including three children) were wounded."}, {'timestamp': '09-13', 'event': "the UDA opened fire inside the Catholic-owned Divis Castle Bar on Springfield Road, Belfast; one Catholic civilian, the owner's son (Patrick Doyle, aged 19), was killed."}, {'timestamp': '09-13', 'event': 'the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) shot dead a UDA volunteer (Robert Warnock, aged 18) during an attempted armed robbery at the Hillfoot Bar, Glen Road, Castlereagh, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-26', 'event': 'UDA volunteers shot dead a Catholic civilian (Paul McCartan, aged 52) near his home on Park Avenue, Strandtown, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (James Boyle, aged 17) was found shot dead by Flush River, Elswick Street, near Springfield Road, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (Francis Lane, aged 23), was found shot dead on waste ground at Glencairn Road, Glencairn, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead James McCartan, aged 21, a Catholic civilian. His body was found on waste ground, beside Connswater River, off Mersey Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05', 'event': 'the UDA detonated a bomb at the Capitol Bar in Belfast, killing a Protestant civilian (John Magee, aged 54).'}, {'timestamp': '10-14', 'event': 'a Catholic man (Terence Maguire, aged 23) was found shot dead in an alley off Clandeboye Street, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. He is listed as a civilian by Sutton, but as a UDR soldier by Lost Lives.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14', 'event': "two Catholic civilians (Leo John Duffy, aged 45, and Thomas Marron, aged 59) were killed in a gun attack on a Catholic-owned shop, Northern Wine Company, Tate's Avenue, off Lisburn Road, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible."}, {'timestamp': '10-16', 'event': 'two UDA volunteers (John Clarke, aged 26, and William Warnock, aged 15) were killed after being run over by British Army vehicles during riots in East Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16', 'event': 'the UDA claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on a fertiliser factory at Carrigans in County Donegal. A UDA spokesman stated it was not the first attack carried out by the group in the Republic of Ireland. The spokesman declined to say whether the UDA was responsible for a bomb attack on Buncrana police station the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16', 'event': 'a car bomb exploded in Clones, County Monaghan, seriously injuring one man and causing significant damage. The device detonated within minutes of a UDA bomb in Carrigans, County Donegal, and the group was believed to be responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17', 'event': 'in response to the deaths of the previous day, the UDA opened fire on the British Army in some parts of Belfast, shooting a RUC officer (Gordon Harron, aged 32) on Shore Road, by Mount Vernon, Belfast. Harron died of his injuries on 21 October. A UDA volunteer was later convicted for the killing.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17', 'event': 'the British Army shot dead a UDA volunteer, who was also an off-duty UDR soldier (John Todd, aged 23) during street disturbances, Wilton Street, Shankill, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-31', 'event': "the UDA detonated a car bomb outside Benny's Bar in Sailortown, Belfast. The blast killed two Catholic children, Paula Strong (aged 6) and Clare Hughes (aged 4), who were celebrating Halloween outside the pub. Twelve other people were injured."}, {'timestamp': '11-02', 'event': "the UDA's Londonderry Brigade claimed responsibility for bombing the Hole in the Wall pub in St Johnston, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. UDA volunteers ordered everyone out of the pub and then destroyed it with a grenade."}, {'timestamp': '11-05', 'event': 'the UDA claimed responsibility for bombing a mineral water plant in Muff, County Donegal.'}, {'timestamp': '11-12', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he got out of a car on Arthur Street, Newtownabbey. A close relative told the inquest that he [the relative] had likely been the intended target. The relative had been imprisoned in Long Kesh and lived on Longlands Road, Newtownabbey. The relative added: "I appeared in court three times and each time my address was published in newspapers as Longlands Park, where he [the cousin] lived".'}, {'timestamp': '11-15', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Sintonville Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20', 'event': "the UDA's Londonderry Brigade claimed responsibility for bombing a car showroom in Bridgend, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. It claimed it was retaliation for the IRA's bombing campaign."}, {'timestamp': '11-20', 'event': 'a taxi driver died three weeks after being shot by his UDA passenger on Forthriver Road, Belfast. The gunman believed the driver was a Catholic.'}, {'timestamp': '11-21', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in Finvoy, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '11-21', 'event': 'the UDA, secretly working in coordination with the British Army and RUC Special Branch, bombed Aghalane Bridge connecting County Fermanagh and County Cavan. A leading UDA member and Ulster Unionist Party councillor on Fermanagh District Council organised the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '11-22', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside his home near Castledawson, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside Mater Hospital on Crumlin Road, Belfast. Two UDA men got into a taxi with him on Clifton Street. When they reached the hospital one said he was ill and the taxi stopped. They got out, walked to the front of the car and opened fire. The driver was wounded in the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian, Patrick Benstead (aged 23), was found shot dead in an entry off Crossley Street, Belfast. The man – described in contemporary reports as "mentally retarded" – had been kidnapped, tortured and shot in the head by members of the UDA. A cross had been burnt into his back and the letters "IRA" carved into his skin.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02', 'event': '--the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian (Sandra Meli) at her home on Flora Street, East Belfast. Gunmen opened fire through her kitchen window. It is believed her Catholic husband was the intended target.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own members in the Village area of south Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20', 'event': 'the UDA killed a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on Newtownards Road, Belfast. He was waiting for a lift to the Royal Naval Aircraft Yard, where he worked.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20', 'event': 'four Catholic civilians (McGinley, Michael McGinley, Charles McCafferty, Bernard Kelly and Francis McCarron) and one Protestant civilian (Charles Moore) were killed in a gun attack on the Top of the Hill Bar at Strabane Old Road, Derry. It is believed the UDA was responsible. See: Top of the Hill bar shooting.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-1973', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians and dumped their bodies in a ditch near Burnfoot, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-1973', 'event': 'UDA volunteers opened fire on a carload of Catholic civilians arriving for work at the Rolls-Royce factory in Dundonald, County Down One person was killed and two others wounded.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-1973', 'event': 'A Catholic church was bombed by Loyalists outside Ballymena. The Church was ruined by a 10lb bomb. The police believed the UDA was behind the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-1973', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, a petrol station on Kennedy Way, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-1973', 'event': 'the UDA killed a 15-year-old Catholic civilian, Peter Watterson, in a drive-by shooting at the Falls Road/Donegall Road junction, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-1973', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead UDA volunteer Francis "Hatchet" Smith in west Belfast. He was held responsible for the death of Peter Watterson earlier that same day.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31', 'event': "a 14-year-old Catholic boy, was found shot dead at Giant's Ring, Belfast; the UDA is believed to have kidnapped him."}, {'timestamp': '01-31', 'event': 'a 17-year-old Catholic civilian was found shot dead beside the M1 motorway near Donegall Road, Belfast. The UDA was believed responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01', 'event': 'UDA volunteers threw a grenade into a bus on Kingsway Park, Belfast. It killed the bus driver, a Catholic civilian. This was the first attack in which the name "Ulster Freedom Fighters" (UFF) was used to claim responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'A Catholic civilian was found hooded and shot dead in a car on Maurice Street, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-31', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (Eamon McMahon, aged 19) was found dead in the River Bann at Portadown. He had been tied up and beaten to death by UDA volunteers.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Oldpark Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03', 'event': 'New Lodge Six shooting.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07', 'event': 'the UDA (as part of the United Loyalist Council) held a one-day strike to "re-establish some sort of Protestant or loyalist control over the affairs of the province". Loyalist paramilitaries forcibly tried to stop many people going to work and to close any businesses that had opened. There were eight bombings and thirty-five acts of arson. In Belfast, the UDA shot dead a fireman fighting a blaze, while two UDA members were shot dead (one by the PIRA and one by the British Army).'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found dead in his car on Watt Street, Belfast. He had been shot by the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19', 'event': "St Brigid's Catholic Church in Derryvolgie Avenue came under attack during the night. A number of shots were fired at the church and the remaining 5 people inside it. No one was injured in the attack. It is believed the UDA did the shooting."}, {'timestamp': '03-05', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer died when the bomb he was handling exploded prematurely on Woodstock Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-08', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead in a car on Summer Street, Belfast. The UDA was believed responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17', 'event': "a UDA volunteer died when the car bomb he was transporting exploded prematurely as he parked outside Kirk's Bar, Cloughfin, County Donegal."}, {'timestamp': '03-20', 'event': 'the UDA killed a Catholic civilian and wounded another in a drive-by shooting on Grosvenor Road, Belfast. Locals claimed a British Army Saracen APC smashed through a nationalist barricade minutes before the shooting, allowing the gunmen\'s car to drive through. They accused the British Army of "facilitating Protestant extremist murder gangs". The victims had apparently gathered after hearing the barricade being smashed.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded another in a drive-by shooting on a house at Durham Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in a disused quarry off Ballyduff Road, Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '05-19', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Adela Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25', 'event': "the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at Giant's Ring, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '06-09', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for throwing a bomb into the Avenue Bar, Belfast. Six people were wounded.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in the Deerpark Road area of Belfast. A Protestant bus driver was also killed when his bus was caught in crossfire between the UDA and British Army.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Ravenswood Park, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead on Dunmurry Lane, Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17', 'event': "a Catholic civilian was found shot dead at Corr's Corner, Newtownabbey. The UFF claimed responsibility."}, {'timestamp': '06-18', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for throwing a bomb into the Meeting of the Waters pub on Manor Street, Belfast. One man was seriously wounded.'}, {'timestamp': '06-25', 'event': 'a Protestant civilian was found shot dead at his home on Nore Street, Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility and claimed the man had been an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '06-26', 'event': 'SDLP politician Paddy Wilson, a Catholic, and his secretary, Irene Andrews, a Protestant, were found stabbed to death in a quarry on Hightown Road near Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility. A UFF leader, John White, confessed to the murders in 1978.'}, {'timestamp': '06-29', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant cross-community social worker at his home on Eglantine Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-05', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Pembroke Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for exploding a 200 lb car bomb outside a pub in central Belfast. Five people were hurt.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17', 'event': 'the UDA exploded a car bomb at the Silver Eel Bar, Aghalee Road, Crumlin, killing a Catholic civilian.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing three Catholic-owned pubs in Belfast: Bus Bar, Mooney's Bar, and College Arms. Four people were hurt and six buses in a neighbouring depot were destroyed."}, {'timestamp': '08-10', 'event': "UDA volunteers in a hijacked taxi shot dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Kennedy Way, Belfast. His father died of a heart attack when he learned of his son's death."}, {'timestamp': '08-22', 'event': 'Two bombs caused severe damage to Catholic churches. The first, near Ballymena at Braid Chapel, left the building in ruins. The second went off two hours later at a church in Crebilly but caused only minor damage, although a number of near by houses were also damaged.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead in a car at Mayobridge, County Down. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '09-05', 'event': 'The UFF claimed responsibility for a no-warning car bombing on Springfield Road, Belfast. The bomb was spotted and the area evacuated. A bakery and 15 houses were damaged.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11', 'event': 'The UFF claimed responsibility for a no-warning bomb which badly damaged a Catholic church at Holywood Road in East Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16', 'event': 'Tommy Herron, vice-chairman of the UDA, was shot dead and left in a ditch in Drumbo, near Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing four Catholic schools in Belfast over a 24-hour period. Shortly afterward, British soldiers were sent to guard all Catholic schools in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on a Catholic-owned pub near Banbridge. Six people were hurt.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22', 'event': "the UDA detonated a bomb at Wilson's Bar, Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast. A Protestant civilian, who was walking by, was killed when part of the building collapsed."}, {'timestamp': '11-07', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside his workplace on Springfield Road, Belfast. Elsewhere in Belfast, the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man as he sat in the cab of his lorry.'}, {'timestamp': '11-12', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for detonating six car bombs in Belfast in the space of two hours. The bombs targeted four pubs, a petrol station and the former SDLP headquarters. Thirteen people were injured and many buildings were badly damaged.'}, {'timestamp': '12-08', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian inside his shop on Stranmillis Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26', 'event': 'a UDA member was beaten to death by other loyalists in the Maze Prison as an alleged informer.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29', 'event': 'UDA and UVF snipers shot dead a Catholic RUC officer, Michael Logue (aged 21) on Forthriver Road, Belfast. They had robbed a supermarket to lure his police patrol to the scene. Earlier, the security forces had shot dead a UVF member and the attack was thought to have been a retaliation for that.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-1974', 'event': 'a bomb was thrown into a Roman Catholic parochial house in Mullavilly, County Armagh. The blast wrecked a third of the building and set fire to the remainder. Two priests were inside at the time. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at a building site in Newtownabbey, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-1974', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians as they left O'Kane's Bar on Grosvenor Road, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '02-11-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at their workplace in Newtownabbey, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Lisburn Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-1974', 'event': 'the British Army shot dead two UDA volunteers during a riot on Belvoir Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb at Spa Inn on Spamount Street, Belfast. A Catholic civilian was killed.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-1974', 'event': 'a high-ranking UDA volunteer, James Redmond, was badly injured when a bomb exploded under his car outside his Portadown home. The blast shattered nearby windows.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a drive-by shooting attack on a Catholic schoolteacher in Cookstown.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-1974', 'event': 'UDA volunteers opened fire on a lorry carrying about twenty workmen at Duncrue Street, Belfast. One Catholic civilian was killed and five wounded. It was regarded as an indiscriminate sectarian attack.'}, {'timestamp': '05-08-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Kingsmoss Road, Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '05-08-1974', 'event': 'the UDA issued a statement opposing the Sunningdale Agreement and supporting the United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC).'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-1974', 'event': "the Ulster Workers' Council strike began in protest at the Sunningdale Agreement."}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Oldpark Road, Belfast.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '05-16-1974', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer shot dead a female Catholic civilian at the Edlingham Street/Stratheden Street junction, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-17-1974', 'event': 'in response to the Dublin and Monaghan bombings carried out by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), the UDA\'s press secretary, Sammy Smyth (later assassinated by the PIRA) said "I am very happy about the bombings in Dublin. There is a war with the [Republic of Ireland] and now we are laughing at them".'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-1974', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer shot dead a UVF volunteer during a fight in North Star Bar on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and dumped his body by the roadside on Milltown Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-24-1974', 'event': 'two Catholic civilians were shot dead in their pub, The Wayside Halt, near Ballymena.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-1974', 'event': "The Ulster Workers' Council strike ended."}, {'timestamp': '06-03-1974', 'event': 'a civilian was found shot dead in a quarry on Hightown Road, between Belfast and Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic child was killed when a UDA/UFF bomb exploded prematurely at Ballymacaward Kennel Club, Hannahstown, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Divis Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-1974', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Glenrosa Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for kidnapping and shooting dead Independent Nationalist politician Patrick Kelly near Trillick.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-1974', 'event': 'a female UDA unit beat a Protestant civilian, Ann Ogilby, to death in an abandoned building on Hunter Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-1974', 'event': 'UDA volunteers and SDLP representatives held a meeting.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Seaview Drive, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-29-1974', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed to death a Catholic civilian on Lecale Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two Catholic workmen at a building site in Belfast in purported retaliation for the Guildford pub bombings.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded another civilian as they walked along Ellis Street in Carrickfergus.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was killed and another badly wounded by a booby-trap bomb at a betting shop on Marquis Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-04-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside the University Road (Belfast) pub where he worked as a security guard.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Clovelly Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-12-1974', 'event': 'the UDA killed a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on Ardmore Road, Derry.'}, {'timestamp': '11-22-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at her workplace on Springfield Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-23-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two civilians, a Catholic and a Protestant, at Arkle Taxi Depot, Clifton Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1974', 'event': "the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian outside Ewart's Mill, Belfast, whom they mistook for a Catholic."}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a car on Portaferry Road, Newtownards.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Protestant civilian during an attempted robbery of his shop on Upper Glenfarne Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot and strangled-to-death on Upper Mealough Road, Carryduff.'}, {'timestamp': '12-24-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian died two months after being shot by the UDA at City Hospital, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at United Paper Merchants on Downshire Place, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-1975', 'event': "the UDA opened fire on Catholic civilians leaving St Brigid's church on Derryvolgie Avenue, Belfast; two parishioners were killed."}, {'timestamp': '02-25-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, Fisher Metal Fabrications, on Boucher Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-13-1975', 'event': "a Catholic civilian died three weeks after being shot by the UDA in Parke's grocery shop on North Queen Street, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '03-15-1975', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead two UDA members in Alexandra Bar, Belfast during a feud between the two groups.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03-1975', 'event': 'republicans shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Highfield Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-1975', 'event': 'republicans killed a UDA volunteer and four Protestant civilians in a bomb attack at the Mountainview Tavern, Shankill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-1975', 'event': 'republicans shot a UDA volunteer dead on Alliance Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-1975', 'event': "a 60-year-old woman was hospitalised after a bomb was thrown into the Catholic Ex-Serviceman's Club in the Short Strand area of Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '04-28-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian working on the railway line near Donegall Road, Belfast; a Catholic workmate was the intended target.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-1975', 'event': 'the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead at his workplace, Ardoyne Bus Depot, Ardoyne Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-1975', 'event': 'a 3-year-old girl was killed and her father (a Catholic civilian) badly wounded by a UDA booby-trap bomb in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on New Lodge Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-20-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Fraser Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-13-1975', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead a UDA volunteer in Taughmonagh, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-1975', 'event': 'the UVF ambushed the Miami Showband on the A1 road at Buskhill in County Down, Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace off Albertbridge Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Brougham Street in Belfast as he walked to work.'}, {'timestamp': '08-30-1975', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for killing two Catholic civilians in a gun and grenade attack on the Harp Bar, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-1975', 'event': 'two UDA volunteers were found buried in field near Whitehead, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-1975', 'event': 'the UDA voiced its support, at a conference in the United States, for an independent Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '09-08-1975', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at the corner of Alfred and Russell streets, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-1975', 'event': "the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in his newsagent's shop at Greenway, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '10-10-1975', 'event': 'the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead as he walked along Haywood Avenue, near his home in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-29-1975', 'event': 'an Irish civilian airport worker was killed when a UDA bomb exploded in a bathroom in Dublin Airport.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-1975', 'event': "a bomb exploded at Biddy Mulligan's pub in Kilburn, London, injuring five people."}, {'timestamp': '12-21-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Christine Hughes, aged 43) after breaking into her home at Mountainview Parade, off Crumlin Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home at Thirlmere Gardens, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-24-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Clifton Street, Belfast. The inquest was told he was shot after "a perfectly chance encounter" outside the Royal Air Force club.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25-1976', 'event': 'the UDA bombed the Ancient Order of Hibernians social club on Conway Street, Lisburn, killing two Catholic civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31-1976', 'event': 'UDA members discovered a woman (Imelda Maxwell) who had been invited to their social club in Sandy Row was Catholic. They attempted to beat her to death with bricks and clubs, leaving her "unrecognisable" to ambulance staff from the Royal Victoria Hospital where she worked. Maxwell suffered permanent brain damage and was "no longer able to lead an independent existence".'}, {'timestamp': '02-15-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead three civilians (two Catholics and one Protestant) at a house on Wolfhill Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-1976', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for killing a Catholic civilian in a gun attack on McLaughlin's Bar in Claudy, County Londonderry."}, {'timestamp': '03-05-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Argyle Street, Belfast, in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10-1976', 'event': 'the PIRA assassinated Sammy Smyth (former UDA spokesman) on Alliance Avenue, Belfast.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '10-12-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded another civilian as they walked along Ellis Street in Carrickfergus.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-1976', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for killing a Catholic civilian in a gun attack on McLaughlin's Bar in Claudy, County Londonderry."}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a car on Portaferry Road, Newtownards.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-29-1975', 'event': 'an Irish civilian airport worker was killed when a UDA bomb exploded in a bathroom in Dublin Airport.'}, {'timestamp': '11-12-1974', 'event': 'the UDA killed a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on Ardmore Road, Derry.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25-1976', 'event': 'the UDA bombed the Ancient Order of Hibernians social club on Conway Street, Lisburn, killing two Catholic civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-1974', 'event': "The Ulster Workers' Council strike ended."}, {'timestamp': '02-09-1975', 'event': "the UDA opened fire on Catholic civilians leaving St Brigid's church on Derryvolgie Avenue, Belfast; two parishioners were killed."}, {'timestamp': '12-24-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian died two months after being shot by the UDA at City Hospital, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-17-1974', 'event': 'in response to the Dublin and Monaghan bombings carried out by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), the UDA\'s press secretary, Sammy Smyth (later assassinated by the PIRA) said "I am very happy about the bombings in Dublin. There is a war with the [Republic of Ireland] and now we are laughing at them".'}, {'timestamp': '01-31-1976', 'event': 'UDA members discovered a woman (Imelda Maxwell) who had been invited to their social club in Sandy Row was Catholic. They attempted to beat her to death with bricks and clubs, leaving her "unrecognisable" to ambulance staff from the Royal Victoria Hospital where she worked. Maxwell suffered permanent brain damage and was "no longer able to lead an independent existence".'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic child was killed when a UDA/UFF bomb exploded prematurely at Ballymacaward Kennel Club, Hannahstown, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1974', 'event': "the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian outside Ewart's Mill, Belfast, whom they mistook for a Catholic."}, {'timestamp': '04-06-1975', 'event': 'republicans shot a UDA volunteer dead on Alliance Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Clovelly Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-1975', 'event': 'two UDA volunteers were found buried in field near Whitehead, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for kidnapping and shooting dead Independent Nationalist politician Patrick Kelly near Trillick.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-1975', 'event': 'the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead at his workplace, Ardoyne Bus Depot, Ardoyne Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Divis Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-1975', 'event': 'a 3-year-old girl was killed and her father (a Catholic civilian) badly wounded by a UDA booby-trap bomb in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-13-1975', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead a UDA volunteer in Taughmonagh, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-1975', 'event': "the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in his newsagent's shop at Greenway, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '11-22-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at her workplace on Springfield Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-1974', 'event': 'a female UDA unit beat a Protestant civilian, Ann Ogilby, to death in an abandoned building on Hunter Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-29-1974', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed to death a Catholic civilian on Lecale Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-16-1974', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer shot dead a female Catholic civilian at the Edlingham Street/Stratheden Street junction, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-13-1975', 'event': "a Catholic civilian died three weeks after being shot by the UDA in Parke's grocery shop on North Queen Street, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '07-12-1974', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Glenrosa Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was killed and another badly wounded by a booby-trap bomb at a betting shop on Marquis Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-1974', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot and strangled-to-death on Upper Mealough Road, Carryduff.'}, {'timestamp': '01-24-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Clifton Street, Belfast. The inquest was told he was shot after "a perfectly chance encounter" outside the Royal Air Force club.'}, {'timestamp': '06-20-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Fraser Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead three civilians (two Catholics and one Protestant) at a house on Wolfhill Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-25-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, Fisher Metal Fabrications, on Boucher Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1974', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two Catholic workmen at a building site in Belfast in purported retaliation for the Guildford pub bombings.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10-1976', 'event': 'the PIRA assassinated Sammy Smyth (former UDA spokesman) on Alliance Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-24-1974', 'event': 'two Catholic civilians were shot dead in their pub, The Wayside Halt, near Ballymena.'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-1974', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer shot dead a UVF volunteer during a fight in North Star Bar on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-1975', 'event': 'the UVF ambushed the Miami Showband on the A1 road at Buskhill in County Down, Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home at Thirlmere Gardens, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-1975', 'event': 'the UDA voiced its support, at a conference in the United States, for an independent Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Christine Hughes, aged 43) after breaking into her home at Mountainview Parade, off Crumlin Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-1974', 'event': 'UDA volunteers and SDLP representatives held a meeting.'}, {'timestamp': '11-04-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside the University Road (Belfast) pub where he worked as a security guard.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-1975', 'event': "a bomb exploded at Biddy Mulligan's pub in Kilburn, London, injuring five people."}, {'timestamp': '03-05-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Argyle Street, Belfast, in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-1975', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead two UDA members in Alexandra Bar, Belfast during a feud between the two groups.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on New Lodge Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-30-1975', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for killing two Catholic civilians in a gun and grenade attack on the Harp Bar, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at United Paper Merchants on Downshire Place, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03-1975', 'event': 'republicans shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Highfield Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-1975', 'event': "a 60-year-old woman was hospitalised after a bomb was thrown into the Catholic Ex-Serviceman's Club in the Short Strand area of Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '09-08-1975', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at the corner of Alfred and Russell streets, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Brougham Street in Belfast as he walked to work.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-1974', 'event': 'a civilian was found shot dead in a quarry on Hightown Road, between Belfast and Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '04-28-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian working on the railway line near Donegall Road, Belfast; a Catholic workmate was the intended target.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-1975', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace off Albertbridge Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Protestant civilian during an attempted robbery of his shop on Upper Glenfarne Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and dumped his body by the roadside on Milltown Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-1975', 'event': 'the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead as he walked along Haywood Avenue, near his home in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-1975', 'event': 'republicans killed a UDA volunteer and four Protestant civilians in a bomb attack at the Mountainview Tavern, Shankill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Seaview Drive, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '11-23-1974', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two civilians, a Catholic and a Protestant, at Arkle Taxi Depot, Clifton Street, Belfast.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '03-13-1976', 'event': 'the UDA beat a UVF volunteer to death on Aberdeen Street, Belfast. Part of a feud between the two loyalist groups.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-1976', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed a Catholic civilian to death outside the Cregagh Inn on Cregagh Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-1976', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian (as a purported informer) on Woodstock Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-1976', 'event': 'the UDA detonated a no-warning bomb in the Club Bar on University Street, Belfast. Two civilians, one Catholic and one Protestant, were killed. The pub attracted both Catholics and Protestants and had been attacked by loyalists a number of times.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-1976', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead in his milk float on Springhill Avenue, Belfast. He was shot from close range and his vehicle had crashed into a fence. He was killed by UDA members who picked him out coming from the depot and followed him around the streets. His colleagues went on strike in protest.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-1976', 'event': 'the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead at his home on Cambrai Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-04-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian (mistaken for a Catholic) on Waterproof Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-05-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead Sinn Féin activist Colm Mulgrew at Camberwell Terrace, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-05-1976', 'event': 'the UDA carried out a drive-by shooting at the Crumlin Star Bar in Brompton Park, Belfast; a Catholic civilian died of his wounds two days later. An RUC detective said it was a random sectarian attack.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-1976', 'event': 'the RUC shot dead a UDA volunteer as he traveled in a stolen car in Newtownabbey, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians on board a bus on Crumlin Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-19-1976', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home in Dunmurry.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-1976', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing four hotels in the Republic of Ireland. There were explosions in Dublin, Rosslare, Limerick and Killarney but no fatalities. On 10 July it bombed the Salthill Hotel in Galway, also without fatalities.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Catholic civilian dead at his shop on Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-1976', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at their home on Longlands Road, Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '07-13-1976', 'event': "the UDA shot dead an Official IRA (OIRA) volunteer outside the Boundary Bar, Shore Road, Belfast. His death notice in the Irish Times reported that he was on vigilante duty and was believed to have been armed. He was also a Workers' Party member."}, {'timestamp': '08-01-1976', 'event': 'a Protestant civilian who had been living with a Catholic family on Annalee Street, Belfast, was shot dead by the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot a UVF volunteer dead on Flush Road, Belfast as part of a feud between the two groups.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27-1976', 'event': 'UDA members petrol-bombed the home of a young Catholic family on Hillman Street, Belfast. A Catholic couple and their ten-month-old baby were killed.'}, {'timestamp': '08-31-1976', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found dead on Carlow Street, Belfast. He had been tied-up with wire, badly beaten and then shot in the head. Police believed UDA members had taken him from a pub and killed him when they found he was a Catholic. He died two days later, on 09-02-1976.'}, {'timestamp': '09-04-1976', 'event': 'the "West Tyrone Battalion" of the UDA claimed responsibility for an attack on a pub in Castlefin, County Donegal. A UDA spokesman claimed the pub was a meeting place for IRA members and that they had set fire to the building with a new homemade flamethrower. The UDA gang responsible also robbed customers in the bar.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Catholic civilian on Donard Drive, Lisburn. he was cycling to work when he was shot in the back with a shotgun. He died on 09-20-1976. A detective said the motive was sectarian.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own members on Disraeli Street, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Cooldarragh Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a 17 year old Catholic civilian in her home on Oldpark Avenue, Belfast; she had been babysitting three children at the time. An RUC detective said her home was the first Catholic home the gunmen came across and that the motive was sectarian.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-1976', 'event': 'UDA members robbed a grocery shop on Manor Street, Belfast. They shot a 15-year-old Catholic civilian who worked there and she died on 10-11-1976. Another woman, who was active in the Peace Movement, was badly wounded and lost an eye as a result.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-1976', 'event': 'republicans shot two men dead: a UDA volunteer and a Protestant civilian, at the Cavehill Inn, Cavehill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-1976', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Knockwellan Park, Derry.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-1976', 'event': 'the UDA killed two Catholic civilians at their home on Victoria Gardens, Belfast. The men stabbed the woman 36 times and then shot her son-in-law. The inquest was told that the killings might have been revenge for the shooting of two Protestant men (one a UDA volunteer) in a nearby pub on 09-24-1976.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-1976', 'event': 'the UDA opened fire outside a nationalist pub in Free Derry, killing 2 people, and injuring wounding a PIRA volunteer and a number of civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '10-28-1976', 'event': 'several UDA and UVF volunteers shot dead former Sinn Féin vice-president Máire Drumm in the Mater Hospital, Crumlin Road, Belfast. She had retired a short time before her killing and had been in the hospital for an operation. The gunmen dressed as doctors. A UVF volunteer (formerly a British Army soldier), who worked as a security guard at the hospital, was among a number of men jailed.'}, {'timestamp': '11-04-1976', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead on the bank of the Forth River in Glencairn, Belfast. An RUC detective said it was a sectarian killing carried out by the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13-1976', 'event': 'the UDA kidnapped a Catholic civilian from Cliftonville Road and shot him dead in a random sectarian killing.'}, {'timestamp': '11-15-1976', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian at his home in Greysteel, County Londonderry. He died ten days later, on 11-25-1976.'}, {'timestamp': '11-22-1976', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian dead at the Happy Landing Bar in Eglinton, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30-1976', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Catholic civilian dead at her home on Silverstream Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-1976', 'event': 'the UVF killed a UDA volunteer on Forthriver Road, Belfast as part of a feud between the two groups.'}, {'timestamp': '01-21-1977', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of Sinn Féin activist Michael McHugh at his home in Corgary, County Tyrone.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-1977', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian (from County Mayo, Republic of Ireland) and a Protestant civilian (apparently mistaken for Catholic) were found shot dead in a burning car on Downing Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31-1977', 'event': 'the UVF beat to death a UDA member on Adela Street, Belfast as part of a feud between the two groups.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19-1977', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Catholic civilian dead at his home on Clifton Crescent, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-1977', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he drove along Cambrai Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-03-1977', 'event': 'the UUAC strike began. Loyalist paramilitaries forcibly tried to stop many people going to work and to close any businesses that had opened.'}, {'timestamp': '05-08-1977', 'event': 'a Protestant civilian was found shot dead on wasteground at Forthriver Road, Belfast. He had also been robbed. Detectives said he may have been mistaken for someone from the Republic, due to his Fermanagh accent.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10-1977', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a bus driver on Crumlin Road, Belfast for working during the strike.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10-1977', 'event': 'two UDA volunteers were killed in a premature bomb explosion at Seagoe Gardens, Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-1977', 'event': 'the UUAC strike ended. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) reported that 3 people had been killed, 41 RUC officers injured, and 115 people charged with offences committed during the strike.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '03-13-1976', 'event': 'the UDA beat a UVF volunteer to death on Aberdeen Street, Belfast. Part of a feud between the two loyalist groups.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '05-23-1977', 'event': "UDA members undertook an armed robbery of Ewart's Bowling Club on Somerdale Park, Belfast. A Protestant civilian was shot and died of his wounds on 05-29-1977."}, {'timestamp': '07-15-1977', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own members on Old Glencairn Road, Belfast, in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '09-21-1977', 'event': 'a Protestant civilian was found beaten to death in a quarry near Moneymore. He was kidnapped on 01-14-1977 after witnessing a UDA robbery.'}, {'timestamp': '05-27-1978', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Cavehill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-22-1979', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found beaten to death in the River Bann at Seagoe near Portadown. He was a civil servant and had been kidnapped a month earlier. It is thought the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '04-25-1979', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a PIRA volunteer at his home on Rosevale Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-1979', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer was shot by loyalists in the Royal Bar, Shankill Road, Belfast. He died of his wounds on 05-29-1979.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-1979', 'event': 'the UDA shot an OIRA volunteer dead in a shop on Castle Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-1979', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of a Catholic civilian at his home on Bawnmore Grove, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-05-1979', 'event': 'loyalist gunmen boarded a bus in the Oldpark, North Belfast, and shot a male Catholic passenger, seriously wounding him. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1979', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians as they were walking along Thompson Street in the Short Strand area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03-1979', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Brooke Crescent, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-1980', 'event': 'the UDA beat a Catholic civilian to death inside a derelict garage on Berlin Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-1980', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer died when his bomb prematurely exploded in Connsbrook Filling Station, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-04-1980', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead Protestant Irish Independence Party (IIP) member John Turnley in Carnlough, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-1980', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer died when his bomb prematurely exploded at a community centre on Highfield Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-1980', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP) member Rodney McCormick in Larne, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-1980', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Ronnie Bunting (a Protestant) and Noel Lyttle (a Catholic) in a house in Downfine Gardens, Belfast. Both were Irish National Liberation Army and IRSP volunteers. Bunting's wife, Suzanne, was wounded but recovered."}, {'timestamp': '12-17-1980', 'event': '6 UDA prisoners went on hunger strike in the Maze Prison, demanding to be segregated from republican prisoners.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-1981', 'event': 'the UDA were believed to be responsible for shooting prominent republican Bernadette Devlin McAliskey (a former MP) and her husband, Michael, at their home near Moy, County Tyrone. Both were shot numerous times but survived.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-1981', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Berwick Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-16-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Abbeydale Parade, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-1981', 'event': 'the RUC raided UDA headquarters in Belfast and found a number of illegal weapons. At this time the UDA was still a legal organisation.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-1981', 'event': 'the UDA founded the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP).'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Alliance Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of an independent republican councillor, Larry Kennedy, who, along with another man, was shot in the foyer of the Shamrock Social Club, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Deerpark Road, Belfast. It also claimed responsibility for bombing Christ the King Roman Catholic church in Limavady. Most of the building was destroyed but there were no injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1981', 'event': 'the INLA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Denmark Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-19-1981', 'event': 'the RUC shot dead a UDA volunteer driving a stolen car at the junction of the Ballygomartin and Woodvale roads, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-04-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of a UDA volunteer on Silvio Street, Belfast. It claimed the man was an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing shots into the Dublin offices of An Phoblacht.'}, {'timestamp': '01-23-1982', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two of its own volunteers at their home at Rosebery Gardens, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-1982', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer was shot dead by loyalists in the King Richard Tavern, Castlereagh Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-1982', 'event': 'the RUC raided the UDA headquarters and again found weapons. Four UDA volunteers were arrested.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16-1982', 'event': 'James Prior, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, said that he had no plans to make the UDA illegal.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-1982', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed and shot dead a Protestant civilian during a robbery at her post office in Killinchy, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-1982', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Mountainhill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1983', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Woodvale Road, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-1984', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding four Sinn Féin members (including SF president Gerry Adams) as they travelled by car through Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-1984', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer was killed while trying to escape from Maze Prison.'}, {'timestamp': '11-16-1984', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a civilian Sinn Féin member, Patrick Brady, on Boucher Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-1985', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh.'}, {'timestamp': '11-27-1985', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and badly wounding a Sinn Féin member outside his home in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1985', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a car outside his workplace on Drumbeg Drive, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-1986', 'event': "the UFF announced it was extending its list of 'legitimate targets'."}, {'timestamp': '08-26-1986', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rodney Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1986', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at their home in Ballynahinch, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '10-18-1986', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers in the Kimberly Inn on Kimberly Street, Belfast. Internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1986', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for planting four incendiary devices in the centre of Dublin. Two exploded in bins on O'Connell Street and the other two, also in bins, were defused."}, {'timestamp': '12-06-1986', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was badly beaten by UDA volunteers in Tavern Bar on Bridge Street, Lisburn. He died on 12-09-1986.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian while he delivered bread near Drumquin, County Tyrone.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian and dumped his body in a disused quarry off Upper Crumlin Road, Belfast. He was a former internee.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-1987', 'event': 'the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead in a snooker hall on Ligoniel Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two Catholic civilians in Belfast. One was shot at his workplace on Lord Street and died on 03-16-1988. Another was shot in his home at Roden Square.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he drove his car along Netherlands Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Forfar Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in his car on Prestwick Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a former UDA volunteer at his home on Alliance Parade, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-1987', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic former internee at the man's home, Whitecliff Parade, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '11-09-1987', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace on Highview Crescent, Belfast. They believed he was a Catholic.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-26-1982', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Mountainhill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-1977', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own members on Old Glencairn Road, Belfast, in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-1981', 'event': 'the UDA were believed to be responsible for shooting prominent republican Bernadette Devlin McAliskey (a former MP) and her husband, Michael, at their home near Moy, County Tyrone. Both were shot numerous times but survived.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Deerpark Road, Belfast. It also claimed responsibility for bombing Christ the King Roman Catholic church in Limavady. Most of the building was destroyed but there were no injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-1984', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer was killed while trying to escape from Maze Prison.'}, {'timestamp': '12-17-1980', 'event': '6 UDA prisoners went on hunger strike in the Maze Prison, demanding to be segregated from republican prisoners.'}, {'timestamp': '09-21-1977', 'event': 'a Protestant civilian was found beaten to death in a quarry near Moneymore. He was kidnapped on 01-14-1977 after witnessing a UDA robbery.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he drove his car along Netherlands Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-27-1985', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and badly wounding a Sinn Féin member outside his home in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-1987', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic former internee at the man's home, Whitecliff Parade, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '10-15-1980', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Ronnie Bunting (a Protestant) and Noel Lyttle (a Catholic) in a house in Downfine Gardens, Belfast. Both were Irish National Liberation Army and IRSP volunteers. Bunting's wife, Suzanne, was wounded but recovered."}, {'timestamp': '04-16-1982', 'event': 'James Prior, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, said that he had no plans to make the UDA illegal.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-1981', 'event': 'the UDA founded the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP).'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1981', 'event': 'the INLA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Denmark Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-23-1982', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two of its own volunteers at their home at Rosebery Gardens, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-1979', 'event': 'the UDA shot an OIRA volunteer dead in a shop on Castle Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-1980', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP) member Rodney McCormick in Larne, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Alliance Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing shots into the Dublin offices of An Phoblacht.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-1979', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of a Catholic civilian at his home on Bawnmore Grove, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-1986', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rodney Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Forfar Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-1982', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer was shot dead by loyalists in the King Richard Tavern, Castlereagh Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in his car on Prestwick Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-04-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of a UDA volunteer on Silvio Street, Belfast. It claimed the man was an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-1987', 'event': 'the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead in a snooker hall on Ligoniel Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-16-1984', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a civilian Sinn Féin member, Patrick Brady, on Boucher Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian while he delivered bread near Drumquin, County Tyrone.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-1981', 'event': 'the RUC raided UDA headquarters in Belfast and found a number of illegal weapons. At this time the UDA was still a legal organisation.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-1982', 'event': 'the RUC raided the UDA headquarters and again found weapons. Four UDA volunteers were arrested.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-1981', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Berwick Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-14-1984', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding four Sinn Féin members (including SF president Gerry Adams) as they travelled by car through Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-19-1981', 'event': 'the RUC shot dead a UDA volunteer driving a stolen car at the junction of the Ballygomartin and Woodvale roads, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a former UDA volunteer at his home on Alliance Parade, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1986', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for planting four incendiary devices in the centre of Dublin. Two exploded in bins on O'Connell Street and the other two, also in bins, were defused."}, {'timestamp': '05-27-1978', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Cavehill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1983', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Woodvale Road, Belfast in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-1980', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer died when his bomb prematurely exploded in Connsbrook Filling Station, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-22-1979', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found beaten to death in the River Bann at Seagoe near Portadown. He was a civil servant and had been kidnapped a month earlier. It is thought the UDA was responsible.'}, {'timestamp': '05-16-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Abbeydale Parade, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1986', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at their home in Ballynahinch, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two Catholic civilians in Belfast. One was shot at his workplace on Lord Street and died on 03-16-1988. Another was shot in his home at Roden Square.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03-1979', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Brooke Crescent, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-18-1986', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers in the Kimberly Inn on Kimberly Street, Belfast. Internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-1986', 'event': "the UFF announced it was extending its list of 'legitimate targets'."}, {'timestamp': '06-13-1980', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer died when his bomb prematurely exploded at a community centre on Highfield Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-1985', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1979', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians as they were walking along Thompson Street in the Short Strand area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-05-1979', 'event': 'loyalist gunmen boarded a bus in the Oldpark, North Belfast, and shot a male Catholic passenger, seriously wounding him. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1985', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a car outside his workplace on Drumbeg Drive, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '06-04-1980', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead Protestant Irish Independence Party (IIP) member John Turnley in Carnlough, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-1980', 'event': 'the UDA beat a Catholic civilian to death inside a derelict garage on Berlin Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-09-1987', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace on Highview Crescent, Belfast. They believed he was a Catholic.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-1987', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian and dumped his body in a disused quarry off Upper Crumlin Road, Belfast. He was a former internee.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-1977', 'event': "UDA members undertook an armed robbery of Ewart's Bowling Club on Somerdale Park, Belfast. A Protestant civilian was shot and died of his wounds on 05-29-1977."}, {'timestamp': '04-25-1979', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a PIRA volunteer at his home on Rosevale Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1981', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of an independent republican councillor, Larry Kennedy, who, along with another man, was shot in the foyer of the Shamrock Social Club, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-1986', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was badly beaten by UDA volunteers in Tavern Bar on Bridge Street, Lisburn. He died on 12-09-1986.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-1979', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer was shot by loyalists in the Royal Bar, Shankill Road, Belfast. He died of his wounds on 05-29-1979.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-1982', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed and shot dead a Protestant civilian during a robbery at her post office in Killinchy, County Down.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '11-11-1987', 'event': 'loyalist gunmen shot a Catholic civilian at his cafe Crumlin Road, Ardoyne, Belfast. He died five days later. No group claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-1987', 'event': 'John McMichael, deputy leader of the UDA, was assassinated by a booby-trap bomb attached to his car by the PIRA outside his home, Hilden Court, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-1988', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead an off-duty Protestant Ulster Defence Regiment soldier on Park Road, Belfast. He was evidently mistaken for a Catholic.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace in Dundrum, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Annadale Embankment, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-16', 'event': 'Milltown Cemetery attack – at the funeral of three PIRA members, UDA member Michael Stone attacked the mourners with two handguns and grenades. Two civilians and a PIRA volunteer were killed, and more than sixty other people were wounded.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Newington Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he waited for a lift to work in Dromore, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07', 'event': "the Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO) shot dead a UDA volunteer on Century Street, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '09-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Waterville Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15', 'event': 'as part of an internal dispute, the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead leading UDA member James Craig. One civilian was killed and four wounded in the attack at The Castle Inn, Beersbridge Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25-1989', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace on Kingsmore Link Road, Lisburn. They believed he was a Catholic.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12-1989', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a solicitor Pat Finucane at his home Fortwilliam Drive, Belfast. He had represented a number of republicans in high-profile cases.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-1989', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace in Donaghcloney, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-1989', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Donard Drive, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25-1989', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian, Loughlin Maginn, at his home in Lissize near Rathfriland, County Down. Before his death, he said he had been repeatedly threatened by RUC officers and UDR soldiers. After the killing, the UFF showed a BBC reporter pictures of alleged IRA suspects acquired from the security forces. Maginn's picture was included on the montage. In March 1992, two UDR soldiers and another man were convicted of murdering Maginn."}, {'timestamp': '01-02-1990', 'event': 'Harry Dickey, a member of the UDA and the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP), was killed by a PIRA booby-trap bomb attached to his car outside his home at Larkfield Manor, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10-1990', 'event': 'shots were fired at an RUC patrol on the Shankill Road, Belfast. It was believed to be a reaction to the ongoing Stevens Inquiry investigating collusion in Northern Ireland between loyalist paramilitaries and state security forces.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11-1990', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Kashmir Road, Belfast. Later that night they shot and injured a Catholic taxi driver outside the Mater hospital in North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1990', 'event': "the UFF threatened prison wardens with 'the strongest possible action' following clashes over the issue of segregation between loyalist and republican prisoners at Crumlin Road jail, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '06-07-1990', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and seriously injuring Sinn Féin director of publicity Sean Keenan at his west Belfast home.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-1990', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian (Martin Hughes) at his home on Huguenot Drive, Lisburn. The UFF claimed he was a member of the IRA but this was denied by his family.'}, {'timestamp': '07-31-1990', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Valleyside Close, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07-1990', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian (Emmanuel Shields) at his home on Deramore Street, Belfast. The UFF claimed he had been involved in 'intelligence work' for the IRA but this was denied by Sinn Féin."}, {'timestamp': '09-23-1990', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA volunteer and a Protestant civilian in the County Down Arms, Lisburn. It claimed the UDA man was an informer. He died on 7 October. The UFF apologized for shooting the civilian.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1990', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Rosapenna Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-25-1990', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer was found shot dead behind a row of shops at Finwood Park, Belfast. The UFF claimed it killed him for being an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-1990', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on patrons leaving an Ancient Order of Hibernians club in Lisburn, injuring a woman.'}, {'timestamp': '01-18-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a shooting which injured a prominent UDA member and a woman outside a social club in the Shankill Road area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-27-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rosapenna Court, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-04-1991', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for six firebombs left in commercial premises in Dublin, including Clerys department store on O'Connell Street. The devices were described as 'crude' with no timing mechanisms or power source."}, {'timestamp': '03-02-1991', 'event': 'the UFF left a firebomb in a Dublin shopping centre.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03-1991', 'event': "a Catholic taxi driver was found shot dead beside his burning car on Thompson's Lane, Belfast. He had been shot in the head by three men who asked for a lift. Although the gun used was traced to the UVF, the UVF denied responsibility. According to reliable loyalist sources, the UDA was responsible. Detectives said the taxi firm was targeted because most of its staff were Catholic."}, {'timestamp': '04-11-1991', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two men in a South Belfast car park. In a statement they claimed one of the men, a Catholic, was a member of family 'steeped in Republicanism' but apologised for injuring the other, a Protestant."}, {'timestamp': '04-17-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian taxi driver, after he had been lured to a bogus call on Dunluce Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian on London Street, Belfast. The gunmen had asked him where he lived before shooting.'}, {'timestamp': '04-29-1991', 'event': 'the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) (acting on behalf of all loyalist paramilitaries) announced a ceasefire lasting until 4 July. This was to coincide with political talks between the four main parties (the Brooke-Mayhew talks).'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin councillor Eddie Fullerton at his home in Buncrana, County Donegal, stating that their ceasefire only applied in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '06-29-1991', 'event': 'the PIRA assassinated UDA/UDP member Cecil McKnight at his home in Derry.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-1991', 'event': 'the UFF attempted to kill a woman on bail on an IRA charge at Beechmount, west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-1991', 'event': 'the UFF said it had planted bombs in eight towns in the Republic of Ireland. Three exploded at a department store in Dublin, one at supermarket in Sligo, one at a pub in Dundalk and another at a pub in Dunleer. There were no fatalities.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-1991', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead UDA/UDP volunteer Gary Lynch at his workplace in Derry.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead civilian Sinn Féin election worker Pádraig Ó Seanacháin in Castlederg, County Tyrone.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for trying to kill a Sinn Féin member on Rosapenna Street, Belfast. It also claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb at the Hatfield House pub on the Lower Ormeau Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-16-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead civilian Sinn Féin election worker Thomas Donaghy in Kilrea, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '08-31-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian who was lured to Vicinage Court, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-1991', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Springfield Avenue, Belfast.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '11-11-1987', 'event': 'loyalist gunmen shot a Catholic civilian at his cafe Crumlin Road, Ardoyne, Belfast. He died five days later. No group claimed responsibility.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '09-04-1991', 'event': "South African-born Dr Adrian Guelke, a Queen's University lecturer was injured in a shooting by UFF gunmen at his south Belfast home. South African intelligence had used a doctored RUC report to convince the UDA that Guelke was associated with the IRA."}, {'timestamp': '09-13-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting two bombs in mainly nationalist/Catholic areas. The bombs were defused by the British Army.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16-1991', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Sinn Féin civilian election worker and politician, Bernard O'Hagan, in Magherafelt, County Londonderry."}, {'timestamp': '10-07-1991', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempt on the life of a Catholic taxi driver on Ravenhill Road, Belfast. The attacker's gun jammed."}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for burning a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) hall in Kircubbin, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-1991', 'event': "the Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO) shot dead a UDA volunteer in the Diamond Jubilee Bar on Shankill Road, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '10-10-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic taxi driver as he drove along Rosapenna Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-1991', 'event': 'a man survived a UFF attack in East Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic taxi driver, after he had been lured to a bogus call at Finnis Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Ravenhill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1992', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian died two days after being found shot in a car on Tamar Street, Belfast; the UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '10-24-1992', 'event': 'a man was wounded by the UFF in Newtownards, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '10-25-1992', 'event': 'a man from Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin, was beaten and shot in the head by the UFF, having been seized in a bar on the Shankill Road in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-05-1992', 'event': 'at a football match at Windsor Park in Belfast, the UDA/UFF threw a grenade at the supporters of the Cliftonville team, whose members have traditionally been predominantly Catholic nationalists.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man who had been convicted in 1980 of PIRA membership, on Corporation Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13-1992', 'event': "the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Lecale Street, Belfast. The man's stepson, a RHC member, was also killed."}, {'timestamp': '11-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF shot and wounded the brother of leading Irish Republican Socialist Party figure Kevin McQuillan in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24-1992', 'event': 'the PIRA killed two loyalists, a UDA volunteer and a UVF volunteer, when a time bomb exploded in a dining hall of Crumlin Road Prison, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian deliveryman on Kandahar Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firebombing government offices in Dundonald, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the attempted killing of a prisoner officer in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-1992', 'event': 'the UFF warned it had planted 12 firebombs in large stores in Dublin. Gardaí only found one device.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Fortuna Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in the Devenish Arms, Finaghy Road North, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his chip van on Airport Road in Moira, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA member at his home on Coronation Park in Dundonald, County Down. It claimed he was an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26-1992', 'event': 'UDA members stabbed to death a Scottish-born lapsed Catholic civilian and former British soldier (John McIver) in the toilets of the Liverpool Supporters\' Club in Templemore Avenue, Belfast. Reportedly, four months before his death, McIver cried as he told a friend: "They have found out I\'m a Catholic".'}, {'timestamp': '01-30-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Longstone Street, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rosemount Gardens, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-1992', 'event': "The UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a bookmaker's shop on Lower Ormeau Road, Belfast. Five Catholic civilians were killed and three wounded. This was claimed to be a retaliation for the Teebane bombing by the IRA on 17 January 1992."}, {'timestamp': '02-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for seriously injuring Catholic man in a gun ambush shortly after he left his parents home at Copeland Drive, Coleraine, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun and grenade attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in Ardoyne, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for seriously wounding a west Belfast taxi driver in a gun attack at Knock Eden Drive, south Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Alliance Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-1992', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed murder attempt on Lepper Street, North Belfast; their intended victim wasn't home."}, {'timestamp': '03-29-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a firebomb which exploded in a Dublin fabric store.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member Danny Cassidy in Kilrea, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired into a home in Whiteabbey, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Grahams Bridge Road in Dundonald, County Down. It claimed he was an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '04-28-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian working in a chemist shop on Springfield Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-1992', 'event': 'an incendiary device was found in a wallpaper shop in the centre of Dublin. Gardaí believed it was from a batch planted by the UFF in December 1991.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Kerrsland Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-1992', 'event': 'a UFF assassination squad in transit was intercepted and arrested by the RUC at Finaghy Road North on the outskirts of West Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for gun and grenade attacks on two houses in the Grosvenor Road area of Belfast. It said Irish republicans were the target.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-1992', 'event': 'UDA members severely injured a Catholic man in an attack with a hatchet on the Cliftonville Road, Belfast. They were prevented from killing him when a man happened upon the scene and set his German Shepherd on them.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-1992', 'event': 'Patrick Mayhew, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, announced that the UDA and UFF were to be proscribed (banned) effective midnight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-28-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man whose wife was a former Sinn Féin councillor in County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '08-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for three firebombs planted in Dublin city centre, stating it wouldn\'t tolerate "continued interference in the internal affairs of our country".'}, {'timestamp': '09-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Belfast Dockers Club, where a charity event was taking place inside. Three people were wounded.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-1992', 'event': 'shots were fired at the home of a prison officer in Belfast, two days after a UDA threat to kill wardens.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a former PIRA volunteer in Dundonald, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30-1992', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer in Annadale Flats, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30-1992', 'event': 'gunmen fired into a house in the Whitewell area of north Belfast, showering a baby with glass.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and injuring two Catholic men driving to work in Ligonel, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack that injured a Catholic couple at their mobile home near Lisburn, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an incendiary device which damaged a bookshop in Letterkenny, Count Donegal.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-21-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun and grenade attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in Ardoyne, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16-1991', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Sinn Féin civilian election worker and politician, Bernard O'Hagan, in Magherafelt, County Londonderry."}, {'timestamp': '05-18-1992', 'event': 'an incendiary device was found in a wallpaper shop in the centre of Dublin. Gardaí believed it was from a batch planted by the UFF in December 1991.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firebombing government offices in Dundonald, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for seriously injuring Catholic man in a gun ambush shortly after he left his parents home at Copeland Drive, Coleraine, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Ravenhill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-1992', 'event': 'UDA members severely injured a Catholic man in an attack with a hatchet on the Cliftonville Road, Belfast. They were prevented from killing him when a man happened upon the scene and set his German Shepherd on them.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his chip van on Airport Road in Moira, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-1992', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed murder attempt on Lepper Street, North Belfast; their intended victim wasn't home."}, {'timestamp': '10-24-1992', 'event': 'a man was wounded by the UFF in Newtownards, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '09-04-1991', 'event': "South African-born Dr Adrian Guelke, a Queen's University lecturer was injured in a shooting by UFF gunmen at his south Belfast home. South African intelligence had used a doctored RUC report to convince the UDA that Guelke was associated with the IRA."}, {'timestamp': '11-05-1992', 'event': 'at a football match at Windsor Park in Belfast, the UDA/UFF threw a grenade at the supporters of the Cliftonville team, whose members have traditionally been predominantly Catholic nationalists.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-1992', 'event': 'the UFF warned it had planted 12 firebombs in large stores in Dublin. Gardaí only found one device.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-1991', 'event': "the Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO) shot dead a UDA volunteer in the Diamond Jubilee Bar on Shankill Road, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '11-13-1992', 'event': "the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Lecale Street, Belfast. The man's stepson, a RHC member, was also killed."}, {'timestamp': '08-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for three firebombs planted in Dublin city centre, stating it wouldn\'t tolerate "continued interference in the internal affairs of our country".'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1992', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian died two days after being found shot in a car on Tamar Street, Belfast; the UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a firebomb which exploded in a Dublin fabric store.'}, {'timestamp': '11-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF shot and wounded the brother of leading Irish Republican Socialist Party figure Kevin McQuillan in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-1992', 'event': 'shots were fired at the home of a prison officer in Belfast, two days after a UDA threat to kill wardens.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rosemount Gardens, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26-1992', 'event': 'UDA members stabbed to death a Scottish-born lapsed Catholic civilian and former British soldier (John McIver) in the toilets of the Liverpool Supporters\' Club in Templemore Avenue, Belfast. Reportedly, four months before his death, McIver cried as he told a friend: "They have found out I\'m a Catholic".'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic taxi driver, after he had been lured to a bogus call at Finnis Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member Danny Cassidy in Kilrea, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30-1992', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer in Annadale Flats, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-1991', 'event': 'a man survived a UFF attack in East Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-30-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Longstone Street, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-1992', 'event': "The UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a bookmaker's shop on Lower Ormeau Road, Belfast. Five Catholic civilians were killed and three wounded. This was claimed to be a retaliation for the Teebane bombing by the IRA on 17 January 1992."}, {'timestamp': '09-24-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a former PIRA volunteer in Dundonald, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '09-13-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting two bombs in mainly nationalist/Catholic areas. The bombs were defused by the British Army.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the attempted killing of a prisoner officer in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA member at his home on Coronation Park in Dundonald, County Down. It claimed he was an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Alliance Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack that injured a Catholic couple at their mobile home near Lisburn, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and injuring two Catholic men driving to work in Ligonel, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30-1992', 'event': 'gunmen fired into a house in the Whitewell area of north Belfast, showering a baby with glass.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic taxi driver as he drove along Rosapenna Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-28-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man whose wife was a former Sinn Féin councillor in County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for seriously wounding a west Belfast taxi driver in a gun attack at Knock Eden Drive, south Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-28-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian working in a chemist shop on Springfield Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-25-1992', 'event': 'a man from Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin, was beaten and shot in the head by the UFF, having been seized in a bar on the Shankill Road in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired into a home in Whiteabbey, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in the Devenish Arms, Finaghy Road North, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24-1992', 'event': 'the PIRA killed two loyalists, a UDA volunteer and a UVF volunteer, when a time bomb exploded in a dining hall of Crumlin Road Prison, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-1992', 'event': 'Patrick Mayhew, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, announced that the UDA and UFF were to be proscribed (banned) effective midnight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-1992', 'event': 'a UFF assassination squad in transit was intercepted and arrested by the RUC at Finaghy Road North on the outskirts of West Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-1991', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempt on the life of a Catholic taxi driver on Ravenhill Road, Belfast. The attacker's gun jammed."}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian deliveryman on Kandahar Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an incendiary device which damaged a bookshop in Letterkenny, Count Donegal.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Grahams Bridge Road in Dundonald, County Down. It claimed he was an informer.'}, {'timestamp': '07-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for gun and grenade attacks on two houses in the Grosvenor Road area of Belfast. It said Irish republicans were the target.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man who had been convicted in 1980 of PIRA membership, on Corporation Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Kerrsland Drive, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1991', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for burning a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) hall in Kircubbin, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Fortuna Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Belfast Dockers Club, where a charity event was taking place inside. Three people were wounded.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '10-15-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for two incendiary devices discovered in a supermarket in Letterkenny, Count Donegal.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the attempted murder of a Catholic man in north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-28-1992', 'event': "a prison officer's home near Belfast was damaged by an explosion. The UFF was blamed."}, {'timestamp': '11-04-1992', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian outside his parents' home on Fernwood Street, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '11-06-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a security guard at the Mater Hospital in North Belfast. The Red Hand Commando also claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '11-06-1992', 'event': 'the UFF announced it was extending its campaign to include "the entire Republican community".'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1992', 'event': 'the UDA beat a Protestant civilian to death at her home in Annadale Flats, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-14-1992', 'event': "Attack on James Murray's bookmakers: the UFF claimed responsibility for killing three Catholic civilians in a gun and grenade attack on a bookmaker's shop on Oldpark Road, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '12-04-1992', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on four Catholic people in a car leaving St. Enda's GAA club on the Hightown Road, Belfast. The group claimed the gang intended to attack the club but had been surprised."}, {'timestamp': '12-09-1992', 'event': 'the UFF carried out seven firebomb attacks on shops in Dublin, Dundalk, Moville and Buncrana in the Republic of Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member and former PIRA volunteer Malachy Carey in Ballymoney, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '12-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing shots at the house of a Sinn Féin member on New Lodge Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF launched a gun attack on the Sean Graham Bookmakers at Flax Street in Ardoyne, Belfast but their gun jammed.'}, {'timestamp': '12-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF issued a statement in which it threatened to raise its campaign of violence "to a ferocity never imagined".'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-1993', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired shots at a house in Cliftonpark in North Belfast. There were no reported injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic man and former PIRA volunteer, Anthony Butler, as he sat in a friend's house on Agra Street, Belfast. Butler's mother denied the UFF's claim he was an INLA member."}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting firebombs outside the homes of two SDLP councillors in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-08', 'event': 'a UFF murder attempt in Finlay Park in north Belfast failed when the householder blocked the door.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting at three taxi drivers at Castle Court, Belfast. Two men were hit but weren't seriously injured."}, {'timestamp': '02-21', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a submachine gun attack on a taxi driver driving home in North Belfast. He escaped the ambush without injury.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Century Street in the lower Oldpark area, North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a van on Quay Road in Newtownabbey, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for an incendiary bomb planted outside a pub on the Springfield Road, Belfast, crowded with patrons celebrating St. Patrick's Day."}, {'timestamp': '03-17', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a house in the Jamaica Street area of Belfast which killed a dog.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Sinn Féin activist, Peter Gallagher, at his workplace on Grosvenor Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in the Ardoyne area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25', 'event': 'Castlerock killings – the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead three Catholic civilians and a PIRA volunteer at a building site in Castlerock, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at Dairy Farm Shopping Centre in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing the homes of two SDLP councillors in Banbridge, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic teenager in Twinbrook, Belfast. Another man was injured but survived when gun jammed.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'the UFF tried to kill Protestant man who had just been released from jail on a UDA extortion charge.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31', 'event': 'UFF gunmen forcibly entered a house and fired several shots, off Finaghy Road South, south Belfast. The Catholic owner escaped injury.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01', 'event': "an undercover British soldier shot and wounded a UDA member at the Shankill Road home of UFF commander Johnny Adair, after he was challenged by them. The soldier was part of a 14 Intelligence Company team carrying a surveillance operation on Adair's activities."}, {'timestamp': '04-01', 'event': 'a Catholic taxi-driver was seriously wounded outside the Mater Hospital on the Crumlin Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'a UFF gunman fired several shots into a sweet shop in Lepper Street in the New Lodge area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-29', 'event': "the UFF carried out a gun attack on a bookmaker's shop in Belfast. Five civilians were wounded. One of the rifles jammed which likely saved lives."}, {'timestamp': '05-01', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member and former PIRA volunteer Alan Lundy at the home of Alex Maskey in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for wounding a Catholic civilian in a gun attack in east Belfast, where he was delivering a takeway.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired at three Catholic construction workers at a site in east Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-17', 'event': 'a UFF gunman was shot by a British soldier in a lookout post after a gun attack on a Sinn Féin advice centre in North Belfast, another UFF member involved was arrested after a house nearby was surrounded by a large RUC/British Army force. Unionist politician Nigel Dodds offered to mediate during the siege.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian while he drove a lorry in Comber, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the home of a Sinn Féin election agent in Castlewellan. Co Down. Gunmen tried to force entry into the house and when they failed, they fired several shots through a bedroom window.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on the home of Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempted murder on the Oldpark Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18', 'event': 'the UFF was blamed for an incendiary bomb left at the home of an SDLP councillor in Ballymena, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04', 'event': 'the UFF launched attacks on the RUC during unrest in Loyalist areas following the rerouting of an Orange Order march in the Springfield Area of Belfast and the death of UVF member Brian McCallum in a grenade explosion.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on a Catholic social club in Lisburn. One man suffered shrapnel injuries, and a woman was treated for shock.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17', 'event': 'the UFF rang the BBC in Belfast claiming to have "spiked" jars of food in supermarkets in the Republic. Gardaí dismissed the UFF\'s claim as a hoax.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bomb attacks on the homes of three SDLP politicians: a bomb exploded under the car of SDLP MP Joe Hendron at Brislow Park, Belfast. a bomb placed under the car of SDLP councillor Brian Feeney was destroyed by the British Army in a controlled explosion at his home in Bristow Avenue, Belfast. His residence had been subject to a fire bomb attack two months previously. a bomb exploded near the home of SDLP councillor Mary Muldoon on the Lisburn Road, Belfast. Her two young daughters were left "shaken" but there were no serious injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb that partially exploded outside a Sinn Féin office in the New Lodge area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for exploding a bomb at the home of a SDLP councillor in Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in Twinbrook, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a man whose car had broken down on the M2 Motorway in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead the 21-year-old son of Sinn Féin councillor Bobby Lavery at their home in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb under a car on Saintfield Road, Belfast; a Catholic married couple were treated for shrapnel wounds and children in the car suffered shock.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attached to the underside of a Catholic family's car in East Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '08-26', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed assassination attempt in the Ardoyne area of Belfast.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '11-06-1992', 'event': 'the UFF announced it was extending its campaign to include "the entire Republican community".'}, {'timestamp': '02-08', 'event': 'a UFF murder attempt in Finlay Park in north Belfast failed when the householder blocked the door.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Century Street in the lower Oldpark area, North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for an incendiary bomb planted outside a pub on the Springfield Road, Belfast, crowded with patrons celebrating St. Patrick's Day."}, {'timestamp': '07-17', 'event': 'the UFF rang the BBC in Belfast claiming to have "spiked" jars of food in supermarkets in the Republic. Gardaí dismissed the UFF\'s claim as a hoax.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired at three Catholic construction workers at a site in east Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-06-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a security guard at the Mater Hospital in North Belfast. The Red Hand Commando also claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the home of a Sinn Féin election agent in Castlewellan. Co Down. Gunmen tried to force entry into the house and when they failed, they fired several shots through a bedroom window.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in Twinbrook, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04', 'event': 'the UFF launched attacks on the RUC during unrest in Loyalist areas following the rerouting of an Orange Order march in the Springfield Area of Belfast and the death of UVF member Brian McCallum in a grenade explosion.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a man whose car had broken down on the M2 Motorway in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1992', 'event': 'the UDA beat a Protestant civilian to death at her home in Annadale Flats, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18', 'event': 'the UFF was blamed for an incendiary bomb left at the home of an SDLP councillor in Ballymena, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in the Ardoyne area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb that partially exploded outside a Sinn Féin office in the New Lodge area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb under a car on Saintfield Road, Belfast; a Catholic married couple were treated for shrapnel wounds and children in the car suffered shock.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for the attempted murder of a Catholic man in north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempted murder on the Oldpark Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a submachine gun attack on a taxi driver driving home in North Belfast. He escaped the ambush without injury.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic teenager in Twinbrook, Belfast. Another man was injured but survived when gun jammed.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing the homes of two SDLP councillors in Banbridge, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a van on Quay Road in Newtownabbey, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed assassination attempt in the Ardoyne area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attached to the underside of a Catholic family's car in East Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '04-01', 'event': "an undercover British soldier shot and wounded a UDA member at the Shankill Road home of UFF commander Johnny Adair, after he was challenged by them. The soldier was part of a 14 Intelligence Company team carrying a surveillance operation on Adair's activities."}, {'timestamp': '02-21', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting at three taxi drivers at Castle Court, Belfast. Two men were hit but weren't seriously injured."}, {'timestamp': '07-04', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on a Catholic social club in Lisburn. One man suffered shrapnel injuries, and a woman was treated for shock.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a house in the Jamaica Street area of Belfast which killed a dog.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bomb attacks on the homes of three SDLP politicians: a bomb exploded under the car of SDLP MP Joe Hendron at Brislow Park, Belfast. a bomb placed under the car of SDLP councillor Brian Feeney was destroyed by the British Army in a controlled explosion at his home in Bristow Avenue, Belfast. His residence had been subject to a fire bomb attack two months previously. a bomb exploded near the home of SDLP councillor Mary Muldoon on the Lisburn Road, Belfast. Her two young daughters were left "shaken" but there were no serious injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04-1992', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on four Catholic people in a car leaving St. Enda's GAA club on the Hightown Road, Belfast. The group claimed the gang intended to attack the club but had been surprised."}, {'timestamp': '10-15-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for two incendiary devices discovered in a supermarket in Letterkenny, Count Donegal.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on the home of Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member and former PIRA volunteer Alan Lundy at the home of Alex Maskey in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF issued a statement in which it threatened to raise its campaign of violence "to a ferocity never imagined".'}, {'timestamp': '04-29', 'event': "the UFF carried out a gun attack on a bookmaker's shop in Belfast. Five civilians were wounded. One of the rifles jammed which likely saved lives."}, {'timestamp': '12-09-1992', 'event': 'the UFF carried out seven firebomb attacks on shops in Dublin, Dundalk, Moville and Buncrana in the Republic of Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31', 'event': 'UFF gunmen forcibly entered a house and fired several shots, off Finaghy Road South, south Belfast. The Catholic owner escaped injury.'}, {'timestamp': '11-04-1992', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian outside his parents' home on Fernwood Street, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '01-03-1993', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired shots at a house in Cliftonpark in North Belfast. There were no reported injuries.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25', 'event': 'Castlerock killings – the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead three Catholic civilians and a PIRA volunteer at a building site in Castlerock, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '12-14-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing shots at the house of a Sinn Féin member on New Lodge Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for exploding a bomb at the home of a SDLP councillor in Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead the 21-year-old son of Sinn Féin councillor Bobby Lavery at their home in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Sinn Féin activist, Peter Gallagher, at his workplace on Grosvenor Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'a UFF gunman fired several shots into a sweet shop in Lepper Street in the New Lodge area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting firebombs outside the homes of two SDLP councillors in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for wounding a Catholic civilian in a gun attack in east Belfast, where he was delivering a takeway.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'the UFF tried to kill Protestant man who had just been released from jail on a UDA extortion charge.'}, {'timestamp': '05-17', 'event': 'a UFF gunman was shot by a British soldier in a lookout post after a gun attack on a Sinn Féin advice centre in North Belfast, another UFF member involved was arrested after a house nearby was surrounded by a large RUC/British Army force. Unionist politician Nigel Dodds offered to mediate during the siege.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian while he drove a lorry in Comber, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic man and former PIRA volunteer, Anthony Butler, as he sat in a friend's house on Agra Street, Belfast. Butler's mother denied the UFF's claim he was an INLA member."}, {'timestamp': '03-25', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at Dairy Farm Shopping Centre in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-01', 'event': 'a Catholic taxi-driver was seriously wounded outside the Mater Hospital on the Crumlin Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-1992', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member and former PIRA volunteer Malachy Carey in Ballymoney, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '11-14-1992', 'event': "Attack on James Murray's bookmakers: the UFF claimed responsibility for killing three Catholic civilians in a gun and grenade attack on a bookmaker's shop on Oldpark Road, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '10-28-1992', 'event': "a prison officer's home near Belfast was damaged by an explosion. The UFF was blamed."}, {'timestamp': '12-31-1992', 'event': 'the UFF launched a gun attack on the Sean Graham Bookmakers at Flax Street in Ardoyne, Belfast but their gun jammed.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '08-30', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at her home on Fortwilliam Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Finaghy Park Central, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his barber shop on Donegall Road, Belfast. As the UDA/UFF gunman left the premises he also fired at a receptionist who escaped injury by diving under the counter.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing the home of republican Gino Gallagher on Farnham Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16', 'event': 'UFF members staged a show of force in the Shankill area of Belfast following an abortive assassination attempt by Republicans the previous evening.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firebomb attacks on Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) halls near Banbridge, County Down and in west Belfast, earlier in the week.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired shots over the west Belfast Peace line at a home in the Springfield Park.'}, {'timestamp': '09-21', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombs at the homes of several SDLP politicians: a small bomb exploded outside the bedroom window of an SDLP councillor in Banbridge, County Down. a bomb exploded at the home of an SDLP councillor in Cranmore Park, Belfast. a suspect device was defused by the British Army outside the home of an SDLP councillor in Ballynahinch, County Down. a bomb exploded at the front door of SDLP MP Joe Hendron at Brislow Park, Belfast, causing significant damage. a bomb exploded at the home of an SDLP councillor in Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '09-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic man at Ava Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing several shots through the window of a home at Ladbrook Drive in the Ardoyne area of Belfast. The Catholic family inside, two adults and two children, narrowly avoided injury.'}, {'timestamp': '09-25', 'event': 'the British Army defused a small bomb left outside the front window of the Falls Community Centre on Kennedy Way in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27', 'event': 'the UFF called on Unionists to withdraw from all forms of government.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30', 'event': 'the British Army defused a pipe bomb with shrapnel discovered by the driver of a mechanical digger under his seat in Severn Street, east Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed they planted a bomb in an inspection duct near Dublin city centre bus depot'}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1993', 'event': 'The device was discovered and defused'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-1993', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired several shots at a Catholic man near Shamrock GAA Club in the Ardoyne area of North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on Derby House Bar on Stewartstown Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-1993', 'event': 'a Catholic family in Larne, County Antrim survived a UFF pipe bomb attack.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a Falls Road taxi in Belfast city centre that wounded six Catholic passengers.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-1993', 'event': 'the UFF attempted to kill a Catholic soccer player during a football match at Lisburn Leisure Centre.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a taxi on the Oldpark Road, there were no injuries because their gun jammed.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a taxi in west Belfast, wounding one woman.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired through the window of a house in Mountpottinger, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Newington Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic civilian in a grocery shop in the Short Strand area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-18-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic security guard at a hotel in south Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-21-1993', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired numerous shots at a taxi rank at Springfield/Whiterock junction, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and seriously wounding a taxi driver in Glengormley on the outskirts of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1993', 'event': 'The UFF claimed responsibility for bomb attacks on two Catholic homes in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1993', 'event': 'The UFF claimed responsibility for a car bomb which only partially detonated in a Catholic housing estate in Glengormley.'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-1993', 'event': 'a UDA member and eight Protestant civilians were killed, along with a PIRA member, when a PIRA bomb prematurely exploded in a fish shop on Shankill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-1993', 'event': 'the UDA shot and injured a Catholic man outside the Boundary Bar in the Bawnmore area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-1993', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Catholic delivery driver after luring him to a bogus call at Vernon Court, Belfast; the man died two days later, on 10-25-1993.'}, {'timestamp': '10-25-1993', 'event': 'young UDA/UFF members were believed to be responsible for a coordinated campaign of petrol bombings of Catholic property in predominantly Protestant areas of Northern Ireland including Dromore, County Down and Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians and wounding five in an attack on the Council Depot at Kennedy Way, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Ballymac Bar near Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-1993', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man at his parents' home in Braniel, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '10-28-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed attack in the Lower Falls area.'}, {'timestamp': '10-30-1993', 'event': 'Greysteel massacre – the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Rising Sun Bar in Greysteel, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, Dundonald, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-1993', 'event': 'a Catholic man survived a Loyalist gun attack at his home in Dunmurray, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-1993', 'event': 'the UFF/UDA members staged a show of strength displaying various types of automatic weapons including AK-47 rifles, an SA80 assault rifle, Uzi submachine guns, and a belt-fed M60 machine gun.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians (one of whom was a child) as they sat in a car on Ligoniel Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Hillview Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at a flat on Boundary Walk, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing about thirty shots at the home of Sinn Féin councillor Alex Maskey.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic civilian in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket and gun attack on a pub on the Falls Road in Belfast, which wounded three people.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for wounding a Catholic civilian outside a factory in the Dongeall Road area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-1994', 'event': "The Sunday Independent (Dublin based newspaper) contained a story about an alleged UDA plan to carry out 'ethnic cleansing'."}, {'timestamp': '01-24-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting firebombs at a school in Dundalk and a postal sorting office in Dublin.'}, {'timestamp': '01-27-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in his lodgings on Kandahar Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-1994', 'event': "the UFF carried out a failed grenade attack on Sinn Féin's headquarters in West Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '02-08-1994', 'event': 'UFF gunmen attacked a home in the lower Ormeau area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-1994', 'event': 'a UFF shrapnel bomb exploded in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for gun attacks on the homes of two SDLP members.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket attack on the headquarters of Sinn Féin in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-1994', 'event': 'the UFF planted three explosive devices in chocolate boxes outside homes in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Sinn Féin headquarters in west Belfast, which wounded three workmen.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on the home of IRSP chairman Kevin McQuillan in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-1994', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was wounded after UFF gunmen opened fire from a passing car in the Oldpark area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-1994', 'event': 'the UFF abandoned a gun attack after taking over a house in the Riverdale area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-1994', 'event': 'the UFF lobbed a pipe bomb in a brick into a vehicle in Glengollan Gardens in the Suffolk area of Belfast.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '10-23-1993', 'event': 'a UDA member and eight Protestant civilians were killed, along with a PIRA member, when a PIRA bomb prematurely exploded in a fish shop on Shankill Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed they planted a bomb in an inspection duct near Dublin city centre bus depot'}, {'timestamp': '01-24-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting firebombs at a school in Dundalk and a postal sorting office in Dublin.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a taxi in west Belfast, wounding one woman.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-1994', 'event': "The Sunday Independent (Dublin based newspaper) contained a story about an alleged UDA plan to carry out 'ethnic cleansing'."}, {'timestamp': '03-17-1994', 'event': 'the UFF lobbed a pipe bomb in a brick into a vehicle in Glengollan Gardens in the Suffolk area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic civilian in a grocery shop in the Short Strand area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians and wounding five in an attack on the Council Depot at Kennedy Way, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-18-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic security guard at a hotel in south Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on Derby House Bar on Stewartstown Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-30-1993', 'event': 'Greysteel massacre – the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Rising Sun Bar in Greysteel, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and seriously wounding a taxi driver in Glengormley on the outskirts of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket attack on the headquarters of Sinn Féin in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic civilian in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-1994', 'event': 'the UFF planted three explosive devices in chocolate boxes outside homes in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30', 'event': 'the British Army defused a pipe bomb with shrapnel discovered by the driver of a mechanical digger under his seat in Severn Street, east Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-1993', 'event': 'the UFF attempted to kill a Catholic soccer player during a football match at Lisburn Leisure Centre.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-1993', 'event': 'a Catholic man survived a Loyalist gun attack at his home in Dunmurray, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on the home of IRSP chairman Kevin McQuillan in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16', 'event': 'UFF members staged a show of force in the Shankill area of Belfast following an abortive assassination attempt by Republicans the previous evening.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for gun attacks on the homes of two SDLP members.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a Falls Road taxi in Belfast city centre that wounded six Catholic passengers.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, Dundonald, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Ballymac Bar near Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-1993', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man at his parents' home in Braniel, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '11-25-1993', 'event': 'The device was discovered and defused'}, {'timestamp': '02-08-1994', 'event': 'UFF gunmen attacked a home in the lower Ormeau area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic man at Ava Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Hillview Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing several shots through the window of a home at Ladbrook Drive in the Ardoyne area of Belfast. The Catholic family inside, two adults and two children, narrowly avoided injury.'}, {'timestamp': '10-25-1993', 'event': 'young UDA/UFF members were believed to be responsible for a coordinated campaign of petrol bombings of Catholic property in predominantly Protestant areas of Northern Ireland including Dromore, County Down and Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing the home of republican Gino Gallagher on Farnham Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-27-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in his lodgings on Kandahar Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-25', 'event': 'the British Army defused a small bomb left outside the front window of the Falls Community Centre on Kennedy Way in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired shots over the west Belfast Peace line at a home in the Springfield Park.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for wounding a Catholic civilian outside a factory in the Dongeall Road area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27', 'event': 'the UFF called on Unionists to withdraw from all forms of government.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09-1994', 'event': 'a UFF shrapnel bomb exploded in west Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-28-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed attack in the Lower Falls area.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a taxi on the Oldpark Road, there were no injuries because their gun jammed.'}, {'timestamp': '09-21', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for bombs at the homes of several SDLP politicians: a small bomb exploded outside the bedroom window of an SDLP councillor in Banbridge, County Down. a bomb exploded at the home of an SDLP councillor in Cranmore Park, Belfast. a suspect device was defused by the British Army outside the home of an SDLP councillor in Ballynahinch, County Down. a bomb exploded at the front door of SDLP MP Joe Hendron at Brislow Park, Belfast, causing significant damage. a bomb exploded at the home of an SDLP councillor in Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-1993', 'event': 'the UDA shot and injured a Catholic man outside the Boundary Bar in the Bawnmore area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-1994', 'event': "the UFF carried out a failed grenade attack on Sinn Féin's headquarters in West Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '02-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Sinn Féin headquarters in west Belfast, which wounded three workmen.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-1993', 'event': 'a Catholic family in Larne, County Antrim survived a UFF pipe bomb attack.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians (one of whom was a child) as they sat in a car on Ligoniel Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-1993', 'event': 'the UFF/UDA members staged a show of strength displaying various types of automatic weapons including AK-47 rifles, an SA80 assault rifle, Uzi submachine guns, and a belt-fed M60 machine gun.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1993', 'event': 'The UFF claimed responsibility for bomb attacks on two Catholic homes in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket and gun attack on a pub on the Falls Road in Belfast, which wounded three people.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Finaghy Park Central, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-1993', 'event': 'the UDA shot a Catholic delivery driver after luring him to a bogus call at Vernon Court, Belfast; the man died two days later, on 10-25-1993.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-1994', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was wounded after UFF gunmen opened fire from a passing car in the Oldpark area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his barber shop on Donegall Road, Belfast. As the UDA/UFF gunman left the premises he also fired at a receptionist who escaped injury by diving under the counter.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-1993', 'event': 'The UFF claimed responsibility for a car bomb which only partially detonated in a Catholic housing estate in Glengormley.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired through the window of a house in Mountpottinger, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firing about thirty shots at the home of Sinn Féin councillor Alex Maskey.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-1993', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired several shots at a Catholic man near Shamrock GAA Club in the Ardoyne area of North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-30', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at her home on Fortwilliam Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for firebomb attacks on Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) halls near Banbridge, County Down and in west Belfast, earlier in the week.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at a flat on Boundary Walk, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-1993', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Newington Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-21-1993', 'event': 'UFF gunmen fired numerous shots at a taxi rank at Springfield/Whiterock junction, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-1994', 'event': 'the UFF abandoned a gun attack after taking over a house in the Riverdale area of Belfast.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '03-29-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket and gun attack on the Sinn Féin office on Falls Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempt on the life of a Catholic couple at their home in the Malone Road area of south Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting three Catholic workmen in the Braniel area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack at a taxi depot in the Turf Lodge area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on a Catholic family living in Hugo Street off the Falls Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1994', 'event': 'the UFF was blamed for a pipe bomb attack on a Catholic family living in Merrion Park, Poleglass, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1994', 'event': 'a UFF pipe bomb failed to explode at the home of a Catholic family in the Poleglass Estate and was defused by the British Army.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an under-car booby trap bomb abandoned in Corrib Avenue in the Lenadoon area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for killing Theresa Clinton (aged 33), a Catholic civilian during a gun attack on her home on Balfour Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian and his disabled son as they said prayers in north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man in the face on Newtownards Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an aborted assassination attempt at the postal sorting office, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a firebomb attack on a pub in Mallusk, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Lepper Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a taxi on Springfield Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic security guard in Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '05-12', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his relative's house on Crumlin Road, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '05-15', 'event': 'UFF gunmen opened fire on a republican hunger-strike commemoration march on the Fall Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21', 'event': 'Loyalist gunmen fired on RUC officers during unrest across Belfast following the arrest of several UDA/UFF members, including senior figure Johnny Adair. RUC officers returned fire in the Claire Glen area and believed one person may have been hit.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on the Sinn Féin office in Belfast City Hall. Two workers were injured.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26', 'event': 'a Protestant man was seriously injured by a UFF bomb, intended for a Catholic civilian, in Dunmurray, on the outskirts of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and seriously injuring a Catholic civilian in north Belfast. The victim was found lying in an industrial estate in the Crumlin Road.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for firing a rocket at Monahan's pub in the docks area Belfast. The RUC fired shots at the attackers as they fled and recovered the rocket launcher."}, {'timestamp': '06-08', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting a firebomb at a snooker club in Trim, County Meath, Republic of Ireland. The bomb caused little damage.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for several bombs; one in Lurgan, County Armagh and two in west Belfast. One of the Belfast bombs was left outside the Sinn Féin office in Andersontown, none exploded.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man at the Falls Road/Donegall Road junction, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb planted outside the home of a Catholic family on Barrack Street, Belfast. The device was defused by the British Army.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for two attacks against the homes of prison officers in Belfast. There were no injuries. The attacks came hours after the UFF threatened prison officers and their families over a dispute in the Maze Prison.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead at Killymoon Golf Club in Cookstown, County Tyrone. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead UDA volunteer (and Ulster Democratic Party member) Raymond Smallwoods outside his home in Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man in Dromore, County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on John Loy's pub in Annaclone, County Down. Those inside were watching the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final. Seven Catholic civilians were wounded."}, {'timestamp': '07-21', 'event': 'the UFF fired on the home of a Catholic man in the Finaghy area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his friend's house on Camross Park in Newtownabbey, County Antrim."}, {'timestamp': '07-24', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic workman in north Belfast. The same UFF gunman also opened fire on shopkeepers opening their premises.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on the home of a businessman in north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was injured was wounded after the UFF fired on a taxi depot on the Grosvenor Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-31', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead high-ranking UDA members Joe Bratty and Raymond Elder on the Ormeau Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02', 'event': 'a meeting was held by representatives of the UDA and UVF. At that meeting it was decided that loyalist paramilitaries would continue attacking Catholic civilians regardless of any future PIRA ceasefire.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for gun attacks on Catholic homes in north and east Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic workman on Woodvale Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian security guard at a supermarket at Orby Link, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, a printing press, on William Street in Lurgan, County Armagh. His employed denied a UFF claim that it printed the Sinn Féin magazine An Phoblacht.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead on waste ground off Ottawa Street, Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'a Catholic taxi driver escaped injury in a UFF gun attack in the Springfield Road area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': 'several shots were fired into two homes, one of them belonging to an RUC officer, in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. The UFF was blamed.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian outside his friend's house on Skegoneill Avenue, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '09-17', 'event': "the UFF denied responsibility for a loyalist pipe bomb targeting nationalist protestors at the British Army's permanent checkpoint at Coshquin outside Derry. Despite the group's denial, UFF members were believed to have planted the device."}, {'timestamp': '10-13', 'event': 'the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC), speaking on behalf of all Loyalist paramilitaries, announced a ceasefire as from midnight. It stated that "The permanence of our cease-fire will be completely dependent upon the continued cessation of all nationalist/republican violence".'}, {'timestamp': '1996-07-18', 'event': "O'Connell Street in Dublin was sealed off for six hours following a UFF bomb hoax."}, {'timestamp': '1996-12-22', 'event': 'the UDA planted a booby-trap bomb under the car of Provisional IRA Ardoyne commander Eddie Copeland seriously injuring him.'}, {'timestamp': '1997-06-11', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a former member of the "Shankill Butchers" group on Woodvale Road, Belfast, allegedly in retaliation for his part in the murder of a UDA volunteer in the 1970s.'}, {'timestamp': '1997-07-07', 'event': 'Brian Morton, a "dedicated" member of the UDA and alleged the second-in-command in the UFF South Belfast Brigade, died when a bomb he was holding prematurely exploded at a UDA arms dump by the River Lagan Towpath in Dunmurry.'}, {'timestamp': '1997-12-31', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF was blamed for a gun attack on Clifton Tavern, Cliftonville Road, Belfast. One Catholic civilian was killed and five were wounded. Although the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) claimed responsibility, the RUC believed that UDA/UFF members took part.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-01-19', 'event': 'UDA South Belfast Brigade commander Jim Guiney was shot dead by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in Dunmurry. Later that day, the UDA/UFF was blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in his taxi on Ormeau Road, Belfast. Although the LVF claimed responsibility, the RUC believed that UDA/UFF members took part.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-01-21', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF was blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Utility Street, Belfast.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-10', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian security guard at a supermarket at Orby Link, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead at Killymoon Golf Club in Cookstown, County Tyrone. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for several bombs; one in Lurgan, County Armagh and two in west Belfast. One of the Belfast bombs was left outside the Sinn Féin office in Andersontown, none exploded.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for two attacks against the homes of prison officers in Belfast. There were no injuries. The attacks came hours after the UFF threatened prison officers and their families over a dispute in the Maze Prison.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb planted outside the home of a Catholic family on Barrack Street, Belfast. The device was defused by the British Army.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and seriously injuring a Catholic civilian in north Belfast. The victim was found lying in an industrial estate in the Crumlin Road.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21', 'event': 'the UFF fired on the home of a Catholic man in the Finaghy area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Lepper Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-01-21', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF was blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Utility Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'a Catholic taxi driver escaped injury in a UFF gun attack in the Springfield Road area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian outside his friend's house on Skegoneill Avenue, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '05-21', 'event': 'Loyalist gunmen fired on RUC officers during unrest across Belfast following the arrest of several UDA/UFF members, including senior figure Johnny Adair. RUC officers returned fire in the Claire Glen area and believed one person may have been hit.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on the Sinn Féin office in Belfast City Hall. Two workers were injured.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1994', 'event': 'the UFF was blamed for a pipe bomb attack on a Catholic family living in Merrion Park, Poleglass, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempt on the life of a Catholic couple at their home in the Malone Road area of south Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead UDA volunteer (and Ulster Democratic Party member) Raymond Smallwoods outside his home in Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '1997-12-31', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF was blamed for a gun attack on Clifton Tavern, Cliftonville Road, Belfast. One Catholic civilian was killed and five were wounded. Although the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) claimed responsibility, the RUC believed that UDA/UFF members took part.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack at a taxi depot in the Turf Lodge area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for killing Theresa Clinton (aged 33), a Catholic civilian during a gun attack on her home on Balfour Avenue, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an aborted assassination attempt at the postal sorting office, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting three Catholic workmen in the Braniel area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-31', 'event': 'the PIRA shot dead high-ranking UDA members Joe Bratty and Raymond Elder on the Ormeau Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man at the Falls Road/Donegall Road junction, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic security guard in Newtownabbey.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket and gun attack on the Sinn Féin office on Falls Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was found shot dead on waste ground off Ottawa Street, Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man in the face on Newtownards Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13', 'event': 'the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC), speaking on behalf of all Loyalist paramilitaries, announced a ceasefire as from midnight. It stated that "The permanence of our cease-fire will be completely dependent upon the continued cessation of all nationalist/republican violence".'}, {'timestamp': '05-12', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his relative's house on Crumlin Road, Belfast."}, {'timestamp': '1996-12-22', 'event': 'the UDA planted a booby-trap bomb under the car of Provisional IRA Ardoyne commander Eddie Copeland seriously injuring him.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a taxi on Springfield Park, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02', 'event': 'a meeting was held by representatives of the UDA and UVF. At that meeting it was decided that loyalist paramilitaries would continue attacking Catholic civilians regardless of any future PIRA ceasefire.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his friend's house on Camross Park in Newtownabbey, County Antrim."}, {'timestamp': '07-30', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was injured was wounded after the UFF fired on a taxi depot on the Grosvenor Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on a Catholic family living in Hugo Street off the Falls Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for planting a firebomb at a snooker club in Trim, County Meath, Republic of Ireland. The bomb caused little damage.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26', 'event': 'a Protestant man was seriously injured by a UFF bomb, intended for a Catholic civilian, in Dunmurray, on the outskirts of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '1997-07-07', 'event': 'Brian Morton, a "dedicated" member of the UDA and alleged the second-in-command in the UFF South Belfast Brigade, died when a bomb he was holding prematurely exploded at a UDA arms dump by the River Lagan Towpath in Dunmurry.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for firing a rocket at Monahan's pub in the docks area Belfast. The RUC fired shots at the attackers as they fled and recovered the rocket launcher."}, {'timestamp': '08-03', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic workman on Woodvale Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15', 'event': 'UFF gunmen opened fire on a republican hunger-strike commemoration march on the Fall Road, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on the home of a businessman in north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '1997-06-11', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a former member of the "Shankill Butchers" group on Woodvale Road, Belfast, allegedly in retaliation for his part in the murder of a UDA volunteer in the 1970s.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17', 'event': "the UFF denied responsibility for a loyalist pipe bomb targeting nationalist protestors at the British Army's permanent checkpoint at Coshquin outside Derry. Despite the group's denial, UFF members were believed to have planted the device."}, {'timestamp': '1996-07-18', 'event': "O'Connell Street in Dublin was sealed off for six hours following a UFF bomb hoax."}, {'timestamp': '04-18-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for a firebomb attack on a pub in Mallusk, County Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': 'several shots were fired into two homes, one of them belonging to an RUC officer, in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. The UFF was blamed.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian and his disabled son as they said prayers in north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, a printing press, on William Street in Lurgan, County Armagh. His employed denied a UFF claim that it printed the Sinn Féin magazine An Phoblacht.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11-1994', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for an under-car booby trap bomb abandoned in Corrib Avenue in the Lenadoon area of Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17', 'event': "the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on John Loy's pub in Annaclone, County Down. Those inside were watching the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final. Seven Catholic civilians were wounded."}, {'timestamp': '07-24', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic workman in north Belfast. The same UFF gunman also opened fire on shopkeepers opening their premises.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-01-19', 'event': 'UDA South Belfast Brigade commander Jim Guiney was shot dead by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in Dunmurry. Later that day, the UDA/UFF was blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in his taxi on Ormeau Road, Belfast. Although the LVF claimed responsibility, the RUC believed that UDA/UFF members took part.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10-1994', 'event': 'a UFF pipe bomb failed to explode at the home of a Catholic family in the Poleglass Estate and was defused by the British Army.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for gun attacks on Catholic homes in north and east Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man in Dromore, County Down.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '1998-01-22', 'event': 'the UFF issued a statement saying that it was reinstating its ceasefire following a "measured military response". The statement was seen as an admission that the UDA/UFF had been responsible for the recent killings.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-01-26', 'event': 'the UDP was expelled from the multi-party talks.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-02-10', 'event': 'the PIRA was blamed for shooting dead a leading UDA volunteer as he sat in his car on Station View, Dunmurry.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-04-24', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF issued a statement in support of the Belfast Agreement, saying it would not lead to a united Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-07-07', 'event': 'the UFF was responsible for twenty blast bomb attacks during rioting in Carrickfergus, and the Sandy Row and Shore Road areas of Belfast. There were also three reports of gunfire aimed at British Army and RUC patrols. The attacks occurred during rioting protesting the decision to block an Orange Order parade from proceeding in Portadown (see:Drumcree conflict).'}, {'timestamp': '1999-12-10', 'event': 'five masked men representing the UFF held a meeting with the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD). The five men were: Johnny Adair, William "Winkie" Dodds, John Gregg, Jackie McDonald and John White.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-07-12', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer shot dead an Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) volunteer attending Eleventh night celebrations in Larne. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-08-21', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead two UDA volunteers sitting in a jeep on Crumlin Road, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-08-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UVF volunteer on Summer Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-08-28', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead a UDA volunteer on Mountcollyer Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-10-31', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) member on Canning Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-10-31', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead Tommy English, a UDA volunteer, in Newtownabbey. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-11-01', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a UVF volunteer in Newtownabbey. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-12-06', 'event': 'after a Protestant taxi driver was shot dead in Belfast, allegedly by republican gunmen, loyalists shot two Catholic civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2001', 'event': 'the UDA and UVF announced an "open-ended and all-encompassing cessation of hostilities", which marked the end of the loyalist feud which had begun in July.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2001', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Tynedale Gardens, Belfast, in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2001', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed one of its own volunteers to death near Carryduff in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2001', 'event': "a pipe bomb attack was made on the constituency office of SDLP politician Alban Maginness on Belfast's Antrim Road. Maginness blamed dissident UDA members."}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2001', 'event': 'the RUC Chief Constable blamed dissident UDA volunteers for a recent wave of sectarian attacks against Catholics in Larne.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2001', 'event': 'in response to a "pipe bombing campaign" blamed on dissident UDA volunteers, the British Army was deployed in North Belfast "to protect the Catholic community". Security sources said that UDA members were involved, but RUC assistant Chief Constable said he did not know if the UDA leadership was orchestrating them. The UDA leadership insisted its ceasefire was unbroken.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-2001', 'event': "members of the Ulster Young Militants (UYM), the UDA's youth wing, beat a Protestant civilian to death in Newtownabbey. The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) said that they believed it was a sectarian attack and that the UYM thought he was a Catholic."}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots into the house of a Catholic family in Ardoyne, North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-23-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in his home in a loyalist part of Coleraine.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-2001', 'event': 'the leadership of the UFF released a statement saying that it no longer supported the Good Friday Agreement, but claimed that its ceasefire was unbroken.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18-2001', 'event': 'the UDA held a parade down Shankill Road in Belfast. The march involved about 15,000 members of the group, about 100 masked men, and 16 bands. The event was held to commemorate Jackie Coulter, who was shot dead during the loyalist feud in 2000.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27-2001', 'event': 'Ronnie Flanagan, then Chief Constable of the PSNI, said that the UDA was involved in the recent rioting in north Belfast, which was linked to the ongoing Holy Cross dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a blast bomb attack on a Catholic home in New Lodge, north Belfast. Shots were heard as a crowd gathered following the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-2001', 'event': 'John Reid, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, announced that he was "specifying" the UDA/UFF and LVF. This meant that the British government deemed their ceasefires to have ended.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a number of pipe bomb attacks on Catholic homes in Duncairn Gardens, North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for throwing a pipe bomb at a group of British soldiers on Ardoyne Road, north Belfast, injuring a soldier and several RUC officers.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11-2001', 'event': 'a UYM volunteer was killed when a pipe bomb exploded in his hand during rioting linked to the Holy Cross dispute on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '11-16-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting at a Catholic man waiting for a lift to work in Clady, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28-2001', 'event': 'it was announced that the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) had been dissolved.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2002', 'event': 'a young man linked to the UDA died when a pipe bomb he was handling exploded in a derelict house on Winston Way, Coleraine. The PSNI believed that the house may have been used by the UDA to store explosives.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2002', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was shot dead as he arrived for work at a postal sorting office in Newtownabbey. The Red Hand Defenders (RHD) claimed responsibility, but the UDA later admitted that its volunteers had been involved.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for attacking Catholic homes in the Limestone Road area of North Belfast. Members of Combat 18 were involved, having come from England as "guests" of the UDA volunteers. A local representative said "It was as if the UDA were showing them how to run a sectarian riot". UDA volunteers were blamed for attacking homes in the same area on 2 April, which led to rioting.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03-2002', 'event': 'after an attack on a Protestant girl in North Belfast, crowds of loyalists from Tigers Bay tried to invade the Catholic part of North Queen Street. They clashed with the PSNI; fifty blast bombs, petrol bombs and pipe bombs were thrown and up to 30 shots were fired at police. North Belfast Assistant Chief Constable blamed the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for throwing two blast bombs into the home of a mixed religion couple in Newtownabbey. The family escaped before the bombs exploded.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots at youths playing football in north Belfast. The PSNI said they were blanks while the local Sinn Féin councillor said they were live rounds.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a "sectarian" blast bomb attack on a student house in South Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for pipe bombing a Catholic home on Newington Avenue, north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2002', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was shot dead as he walked home on Floral Road, north Belfast. Earlier in the evening, a Protestant had been shot and wounded on Alliance Avenue. The RHD claimed responsibility and said that the killing was a "measured response" to that attack. However, the UDA later admitted that its volunteers had been involved.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2002', 'event': 'the "Loyalist Commission", made up of members of the UDA/UFF and UVF/RHC, announced a "period of calm" to help dampen cross-community tensions. The statement called for "republican reciprocation".'}, {'timestamp': '09-04-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for pipe bombing a Catholic home on Cliftonville Road, north Belfast. They were also blamed for pipe bombing the home of Mark Langhammer, an independent Labour councillor in Newtownabbey. Langhammer, a Protestant, had been outspoken against recent UDA attacks.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '01-03-2002', 'event': 'a young man linked to the UDA died when a pipe bomb he was handling exploded in a derelict house on Winston Way, Coleraine. The PSNI believed that the house may have been used by the UDA to store explosives.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-07-12', 'event': 'a UDA volunteer shot dead an Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) volunteer attending Eleventh night celebrations in Larne. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for attacking Catholic homes in the Limestone Road area of North Belfast. Members of Combat 18 were involved, having come from England as "guests" of the UDA volunteers. A local representative said "It was as if the UDA were showing them how to run a sectarian riot". UDA volunteers were blamed for attacking homes in the same area on 2 April, which led to rioting.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27-2001', 'event': 'Ronnie Flanagan, then Chief Constable of the PSNI, said that the UDA was involved in the recent rioting in north Belfast, which was linked to the ongoing Holy Cross dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-04-24', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF issued a statement in support of the Belfast Agreement, saying it would not lead to a united Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots at youths playing football in north Belfast. The PSNI said they were blanks while the local Sinn Féin councillor said they were live rounds.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2001', 'event': "a pipe bomb attack was made on the constituency office of SDLP politician Alban Maginness on Belfast's Antrim Road. Maginness blamed dissident UDA members."}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2001', 'event': 'the UDA stabbed one of its own volunteers to death near Carryduff in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for pipe bombing a Catholic home on Newington Avenue, north Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a number of pipe bomb attacks on Catholic homes in Duncairn Gardens, North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for throwing a pipe bomb at a group of British soldiers on Ardoyne Road, north Belfast, injuring a soldier and several RUC officers.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-01-26', 'event': 'the UDP was expelled from the multi-party talks.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-10-31', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) member on Canning Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-11-01', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead a UVF volunteer in Newtownabbey. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18-2001', 'event': 'the UDA held a parade down Shankill Road in Belfast. The march involved about 15,000 members of the group, about 100 masked men, and 16 bands. The event was held to commemorate Jackie Coulter, who was shot dead during the loyalist feud in 2000.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-02-10', 'event': 'the PIRA was blamed for shooting dead a leading UDA volunteer as he sat in his car on Station View, Dunmurry.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2002', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was shot dead as he walked home on Floral Road, north Belfast. Earlier in the evening, a Protestant had been shot and wounded on Alliance Avenue. The RHD claimed responsibility and said that the killing was a "measured response" to that attack. However, the UDA later admitted that its volunteers had been involved.'}, {'timestamp': '03-31-2001', 'event': "members of the Ulster Young Militants (UYM), the UDA's youth wing, beat a Protestant civilian to death in Newtownabbey. The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) said that they believed it was a sectarian attack and that the UYM thought he was a Catholic."}, {'timestamp': '1998-07-07', 'event': 'the UFF was responsible for twenty blast bomb attacks during rioting in Carrickfergus, and the Sandy Row and Shore Road areas of Belfast. There were also three reports of gunfire aimed at British Army and RUC patrols. The attacks occurred during rioting protesting the decision to block an Orange Order parade from proceeding in Portadown (see:Drumcree conflict).'}, {'timestamp': '11-16-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting at a Catholic man waiting for a lift to work in Clady, County Londonderry.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-08-21', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead two UDA volunteers sitting in a jeep on Crumlin Road, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-08-23', 'event': 'the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UVF volunteer on Summer Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2001', 'event': 'the RUC Chief Constable blamed dissident UDA volunteers for a recent wave of sectarian attacks against Catholics in Larne.'}, {'timestamp': '1999-12-10', 'event': 'five masked men representing the UFF held a meeting with the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD). The five men were: Johnny Adair, William "Winkie" Dodds, John Gregg, Jackie McDonald and John White.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots into the house of a Catholic family in Ardoyne, North Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-2001', 'event': 'John Reid, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, announced that he was "specifying" the UDA/UFF and LVF. This meant that the British government deemed their ceasefires to have ended.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03-2002', 'event': 'after an attack on a Protestant girl in North Belfast, crowds of loyalists from Tigers Bay tried to invade the Catholic part of North Queen Street. They clashed with the PSNI; fifty blast bombs, petrol bombs and pipe bombs were thrown and up to 30 shots were fired at police. North Belfast Assistant Chief Constable blamed the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2002', 'event': 'the "Loyalist Commission", made up of members of the UDA/UFF and UVF/RHC, announced a "period of calm" to help dampen cross-community tensions. The statement called for "republican reciprocation".'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for throwing two blast bombs into the home of a mixed religion couple in Newtownabbey. The family escaped before the bombs exploded.'}, {'timestamp': '09-04-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for pipe bombing a Catholic home on Cliftonville Road, north Belfast. They were also blamed for pipe bombing the home of Mark Langhammer, an independent Labour councillor in Newtownabbey. Langhammer, a Protestant, had been outspoken against recent UDA attacks.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a "sectarian" blast bomb attack on a student house in South Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '06-23-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in his home in a loyalist part of Coleraine.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-08-28', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead a UDA volunteer on Mountcollyer Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '1998-01-22', 'event': 'the UFF issued a statement saying that it was reinstating its ceasefire following a "measured military response". The statement was seen as an admission that the UDA/UFF had been responsible for the recent killings.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-10-31', 'event': 'the UVF shot dead Tommy English, a UDA volunteer, in Newtownabbey. Loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '2000-12-06', 'event': 'after a Protestant taxi driver was shot dead in Belfast, allegedly by republican gunmen, loyalists shot two Catholic civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2001', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a blast bomb attack on a Catholic home in New Lodge, north Belfast. Shots were heard as a crowd gathered following the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2001', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Tynedale Gardens, Belfast, in an internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2001', 'event': 'in response to a "pipe bombing campaign" blamed on dissident UDA volunteers, the British Army was deployed in North Belfast "to protect the Catholic community". Security sources said that UDA members were involved, but RUC assistant Chief Constable said he did not know if the UDA leadership was orchestrating them. The UDA leadership insisted its ceasefire was unbroken.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28-2001', 'event': 'it was announced that the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) had been dissolved.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11-2001', 'event': 'a UYM volunteer was killed when a pipe bomb exploded in his hand during rioting linked to the Holy Cross dispute on North Queen Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-2001', 'event': 'the leadership of the UFF released a statement saying that it no longer supported the Good Friday Agreement, but claimed that its ceasefire was unbroken.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2002', 'event': 'a Catholic civilian was shot dead as he arrived for work at a postal sorting office in Newtownabbey. The Red Hand Defenders (RHD) claimed responsibility, but the UDA later admitted that its volunteers had been involved.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2001', 'event': 'the UDA and UVF announced an "open-ended and all-encompassing cessation of hostilities", which marked the end of the loyalist feud which had begun in July.'}]
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Timeline of UDA actions
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[{'timestamp': '09-14-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for shooting at a crowd of shoppers on Atlantic Avenue. Three men were wounded in the drive-by shooting.'}, {'timestamp': '09-25-2002', 'event': 'Johnny Adair and John White, of the UDA\'s "C Company", were expelled from the UDA following allegations that they were engaging in criminality such as drug dealing.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2002', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian on Ravenhill Avenue, Belfast, possibly as part of a loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01-2002', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at his home in Ballygowan. The media reported that the killing may have been the result of a dispute with a senior UDA figure in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '12-27-2002', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for the shooting death of a Protestant civilian in a house on Manor Street, Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2003', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Kimberly Bar, Belfast. Internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '01-19-2003', 'event': 'UDA members were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at a house in Bangor. The motive is unclear.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2003', 'event': 'two UDA members (John Gregg and Rob Carson) were shot dead by other UDA volunteers as they traveled in a taxi through Belfast. The killing was widely blamed on Johnny Adair\'s "C Company", as Gregg was one of those who had organised the expulsion of Adair from the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2003', 'event': 'in response to the killing of Gregg, members of the UDA\'s "C Company" were forced to flee their homes in the Shankill area of Belfast by other sections of the UDA. Many fled to Scotland.'}, {'timestamp': '02-08-2003', 'event': '15 armed and masked loyalists entered Newington Street in north Belfast and hurled pipe and petrol bombs at the homes of Catholics. A pregnant mother-of-three was wounded. A number of shots were fired from UDA-controlled Tigers Bay.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-2003', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF announced a 12-month suspension of activity. It also said it would re-enter talks with the decommissioning body but ruled out any imminent disarmament.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2003', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots during disturbances at a north Belfast interface. Two PSNI officers were wounded.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-2003', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own leading volunteers, Alan McCullough, and left his body near Aughnabrack Road, Belfast. Internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20-2003', 'event': 'UDA volunteers beat a Catholic civilian to death on Hancock Street, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '09-19-2004', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for attacking a Protestant employee working at a disco in Newtownabbey. It is suspected that the motive for the killing was that the man tried to stop the UDA from selling drugs at the disco. He went into a coma and died on 18 March 2005.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10-2005', 'event': 'the UVF and UDA orchestrated large-scale rioting in Belfast and several towns in County Antrim after the Orange Order Whiterock parade was re-routed to avoid the Irish nationalist Springfield Road area.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2005', 'event': "former UDA East Belfast Brigadier Jim Gray was shot dead outside his father's home in the east Belfast Clarawood estate."}, {'timestamp': '11-24-2006', 'event': 'UDA volunteer Michael Stone was arrested for breaking into the Stormont parliament buildings while armed in an attempted assassination of Sinn Féin leaders Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2007', 'event': 'the UDA was blamed for shots fired at police during searches in the Kilcooney Estate, Bangor County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11-2007', 'event': "the UDA/UFF declared an end to its armed campaign. The statement noted that they would keep their weapons but put them 'beyond use'."}, {'timestamp': '05-24-2009', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for the murder of Catholic civilian Kevin McDaid, who was beaten to death in Coleraine.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2010', 'event': 'it was announced that the UDA/UFF had decommissioned its weapons in front of independent witnesses.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2012', 'event': "suspected UDA volunteers from East Belfast were blamed for attempting to shoot dead local UVF leader Stephen 'Mackers' Matthews over his involvement in the drugs trade."}, {'timestamp': '08-20-2012', 'event': 'the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) revealed that a Belfast-based journalist had received a death threat from the UDA for writing about the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2012', 'event': 'the PSNI claimed that UDA volunteers took part in the violence between loyalists and nationalists in North Belfast which left over 60 PSNI officers injured.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-2017', 'event': 'James Colin Horner was shot in a car park in Bangor. He is thought to be a victim of a UDA feud in East Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2020', 'event': "Glen Quinn was beaten to death in Carrickfergus. He is thought to have been killed as part of a 'punishment beating' for getting in a fight with the UDA leader earlier."}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2021', 'event': 'The UDA, UVF, and Red Hand Commando renounced their current participation in the Good Friday Agreement in a letter to Prime Minister Boris Johnson.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2021', 'event': 'Along with the UVF, the UDA was involved in the riots in Loyalist areas in response to Brexit, the Northern Ireland protocol, the funeral of Bobby Storey and COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2022', 'event': 'The UDA was blamed for a bomb alert which disrupted Belfast to Dublin rail services.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '05-28-2003', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own leading volunteers, Alan McCullough, and left his body near Aughnabrack Road, Belfast. Internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2012', 'event': 'the PSNI claimed that UDA volunteers took part in the violence between loyalists and nationalists in North Belfast which left over 60 PSNI officers injured.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2007', 'event': 'the UDA was blamed for shots fired at police during searches in the Kilcooney Estate, Bangor County Down.'}, {'timestamp': '01-19-2003', 'event': 'UDA members were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at a house in Bangor. The motive is unclear.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24-2006', 'event': 'UDA volunteer Michael Stone was arrested for breaking into the Stormont parliament buildings while armed in an attempted assassination of Sinn Féin leaders Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2003', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots during disturbances at a north Belfast interface. Two PSNI officers were wounded.'}, {'timestamp': '09-14-2002', 'event': 'dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for shooting at a crowd of shoppers on Atlantic Avenue. Three men were wounded in the drive-by shooting.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20-2012', 'event': 'the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) revealed that a Belfast-based journalist had received a death threat from the UDA for writing about the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2003', 'event': 'two UDA members (John Gregg and Rob Carson) were shot dead by other UDA volunteers as they traveled in a taxi through Belfast. The killing was widely blamed on Johnny Adair\'s "C Company", as Gregg was one of those who had organised the expulsion of Adair from the UDA.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01-2002', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at his home in Ballygowan. The media reported that the killing may have been the result of a dispute with a senior UDA figure in Belfast.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2020', 'event': "Glen Quinn was beaten to death in Carrickfergus. He is thought to have been killed as part of a 'punishment beating' for getting in a fight with the UDA leader earlier."}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2010', 'event': 'it was announced that the UDA/UFF had decommissioned its weapons in front of independent witnesses.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2021', 'event': 'Along with the UVF, the UDA was involved in the riots in Loyalist areas in response to Brexit, the Northern Ireland protocol, the funeral of Bobby Storey and COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '05-24-2009', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for the murder of Catholic civilian Kevin McDaid, who was beaten to death in Coleraine.'}, {'timestamp': '09-25-2002', 'event': 'Johnny Adair and John White, of the UDA\'s "C Company", were expelled from the UDA following allegations that they were engaging in criminality such as drug dealing.'}, {'timestamp': '02-08-2003', 'event': '15 armed and masked loyalists entered Newington Street in north Belfast and hurled pipe and petrol bombs at the homes of Catholics. A pregnant mother-of-three was wounded. A number of shots were fired from UDA-controlled Tigers Bay.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10-2005', 'event': 'the UVF and UDA orchestrated large-scale rioting in Belfast and several towns in County Antrim after the Orange Order Whiterock parade was re-routed to avoid the Irish nationalist Springfield Road area.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2012', 'event': "suspected UDA volunteers from East Belfast were blamed for attempting to shoot dead local UVF leader Stephen 'Mackers' Matthews over his involvement in the drugs trade."}, {'timestamp': '11-20-2003', 'event': 'UDA volunteers beat a Catholic civilian to death on Hancock Street, Lisburn.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30-2022', 'event': 'The UDA was blamed for a bomb alert which disrupted Belfast to Dublin rail services.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2002', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian on Ravenhill Avenue, Belfast, possibly as part of a loyalist feud.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11-2007', 'event': "the UDA/UFF declared an end to its armed campaign. The statement noted that they would keep their weapons but put them 'beyond use'."}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2005', 'event': "former UDA East Belfast Brigadier Jim Gray was shot dead outside his father's home in the east Belfast Clarawood estate."}, {'timestamp': '05-28-2017', 'event': 'James Colin Horner was shot in a car park in Bangor. He is thought to be a victim of a UDA feud in East Antrim.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2003', 'event': 'the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Kimberly Bar, Belfast. Internal dispute.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2021', 'event': 'The UDA, UVF, and Red Hand Commando renounced their current participation in the Good Friday Agreement in a letter to Prime Minister Boris Johnson.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2003', 'event': 'in response to the killing of Gregg, members of the UDA\'s "C Company" were forced to flee their homes in the Shankill area of Belfast by other sections of the UDA. Many fled to Scotland.'}, {'timestamp': '09-19-2004', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for attacking a Protestant employee working at a disco in Newtownabbey. It is suspected that the motive for the killing was that the man tried to stop the UDA from selling drugs at the disco. He went into a coma and died on 18 March 2005.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-2003', 'event': 'the UDA/UFF announced a 12-month suspension of activity. It also said it would re-enter talks with the decommissioning body but ruled out any imminent disarmament.'}, {'timestamp': '12-27-2002', 'event': 'UDA volunteers were blamed for the shooting death of a Protestant civilian in a house on Manor Street, Belfast.'}]
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Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January-June 2019)
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[{'timestamp': '01-02-2019', 'event': "The foreign company fighting a grand jury subpoena filed under seal its reply to Mueller's brief to the Supreme Court. Alston & Bird is an involved law firm. In October 2020, CNN reveals that the company is a state-owned Egyptian bank that may have been the source of funds for Trump's $10 million loan to his campaign on October 29, 2016."}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2019', 'event': "The 116th United States Congress convenes with the House under Democratic control. Congressman Brad Sherman refiles articles of impeachment against Trump. The article charges Trump with obstructing justice by firing James Comey. Jerome Corsi asks U.S. District Court Judge Richard J. Leon to take his December 10, 2018, lawsuit against Mueller. Corsi claims the FBI and Mueller's team used 'illegal, unconstitutional surveillance' in a 'politically-motivated' criminal investigation against him. Judge Leon accuses Corsi's lawyer of 'judge shopping' and grants a Justice Department motion to randomly assign the case to another judge."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2019', 'event': "District Judge Beryl A. Howell extends the term of Mueller's grand jury in Washington, D.C., for an unknown amount of time. The grand jury's term was due to expire on January 5."}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2019', 'event': "D.C. District Judge Dabney L. Friedrich strongly rebukes the attorneys for Concord Management and Consulting for repeatedly making personal attacks on Mueller's team. The rebuke was triggered by a January 4 filing that questions the trustworthiness of Mueller's office. Friedrich called Concord's recent filings 'unprofessional, inappropriate, and ineffective,' and said their 'relentless personal attacks' would not affect her decision."}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2019', 'event': "The US Attorney for the Southern District of New York (SDNY) indicts Natalia Veselnitskaya, known for her participation in the meeting in the Trump Tower with top campaign officials on June 9, 2016, for obstruction of justice in an unrelated case. The prosecution alleges that while defending Russian investment company Prevezon Holdings in a New York court, she helped Russian Prosecutor General Yuri Chaika fabricate evidence supporting Prevezon's defense."}, {'timestamp': '01-09-2019', 'event': 'The Senate Intelligence Committee interviews Robert Foresman.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2019', 'event': "The first Russia-related hearing of the newly Democratic majority House takes place: Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin testifies in a closed-door hearing on the Treasury Department's decision to ease sanctions on companies aligned with Oleg Deripaska. After the hearing, Speaker Nancy Pelosi calls it 'one of the worst classified briefings we've received from the Trump administration'. She says they spent 'most of the time reading an unclassified document'. Other Democrats echoed Pelosi."}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2019', 'event': 'Mother Jones reports that the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) appears to have coordinated ad buys with Republican candidates in at least three U.S. Senate races. Like the scheme reportedly used by the NRA and the Trump campaign, National Media Research, Planning and Placement (NMRPP) CFO Jon Ferrell placed scores of ad buys on behalf of the three senate campaigns and the NRA to air ads within minutes of each other on the same local television stations.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2019', 'event': 'The Washington Post reports that Trump ordered his translator for the second Putin meeting at the G20 summit in Hamburg on July 7, 2017, to hand over their notes and not discuss the meeting. The Hamburg meeting was one of five Trump-Putin interactions where no detailed records exist.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2019', 'event': 'The New York Times reports on the unusually large expenses claimed by the Trump inauguration fund.'}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2019', 'event': "Mueller's team requests a delay in Richard Gates' sentencing because he is still helping with their investigations."}]
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[{'timestamp': '01-03-2019', 'event': "The 116th United States Congress convenes with the House under Democratic control. Congressman Brad Sherman refiles articles of impeachment against Trump. The article charges Trump with obstructing justice by firing James Comey. Jerome Corsi asks U.S. District Court Judge Richard J. Leon to take his December 10, 2018, lawsuit against Mueller. Corsi claims the FBI and Mueller's team used 'illegal, unconstitutional surveillance' in a 'politically-motivated' criminal investigation against him. Judge Leon accuses Corsi's lawyer of 'judge shopping' and grants a Justice Department motion to randomly assign the case to another judge."}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2019', 'event': "The foreign company fighting a grand jury subpoena filed under seal its reply to Mueller's brief to the Supreme Court. Alston & Bird is an involved law firm. In October 2020, CNN reveals that the company is a state-owned Egyptian bank that may have been the source of funds for Trump's $10 million loan to his campaign on October 29, 2016."}, {'timestamp': '01-07-2019', 'event': "D.C. District Judge Dabney L. Friedrich strongly rebukes the attorneys for Concord Management and Consulting for repeatedly making personal attacks on Mueller's team. The rebuke was triggered by a January 4 filing that questions the trustworthiness of Mueller's office. Friedrich called Concord's recent filings 'unprofessional, inappropriate, and ineffective,' and said their 'relentless personal attacks' would not affect her decision."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2019', 'event': "District Judge Beryl A. Howell extends the term of Mueller's grand jury in Washington, D.C., for an unknown amount of time. The grand jury's term was due to expire on January 5."}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2019', 'event': 'The New York Times reports on the unusually large expenses claimed by the Trump inauguration fund.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2019', 'event': 'Mother Jones reports that the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) appears to have coordinated ad buys with Republican candidates in at least three U.S. Senate races. Like the scheme reportedly used by the NRA and the Trump campaign, National Media Research, Planning and Placement (NMRPP) CFO Jon Ferrell placed scores of ad buys on behalf of the three senate campaigns and the NRA to air ads within minutes of each other on the same local television stations.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-2019', 'event': 'The Senate Intelligence Committee interviews Robert Foresman.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2019', 'event': "The US Attorney for the Southern District of New York (SDNY) indicts Natalia Veselnitskaya, known for her participation in the meeting in the Trump Tower with top campaign officials on June 9, 2016, for obstruction of justice in an unrelated case. The prosecution alleges that while defending Russian investment company Prevezon Holdings in a New York court, she helped Russian Prosecutor General Yuri Chaika fabricate evidence supporting Prevezon's defense."}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2019', 'event': 'The Washington Post reports that Trump ordered his translator for the second Putin meeting at the G20 summit in Hamburg on July 7, 2017, to hand over their notes and not discuss the meeting. The Hamburg meeting was one of five Trump-Putin interactions where no detailed records exist.'}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2019', 'event': "Mueller's team requests a delay in Richard Gates' sentencing because he is still helping with their investigations."}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2019', 'event': "The first Russia-related hearing of the newly Democratic majority House takes place: Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin testifies in a closed-door hearing on the Treasury Department's decision to ease sanctions on companies aligned with Oleg Deripaska. After the hearing, Speaker Nancy Pelosi calls it 'one of the worst classified briefings we've received from the Trump administration'. She says they spent 'most of the time reading an unclassified document'. Other Democrats echoed Pelosi."}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a monitor based in the United Kingdom, reported that its activists had documented several Russian and government airstrikes in Northwest Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'They said three civilians were killed in a Russian airstrike on a building north of Jisr al-Shughur, west of Idlib in Northwestern Syria, in an area controlled by rebels, as part of the on-going Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war, and that the Al-Fath Al-Mubin rebel faction counterattacked with rocket fire on government positions in Jorin area of Hama countryside and around Maarat al-Numan in the southern Idlib countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'On the same day in territories controlled by the government and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Northeastern Syria, according to SOHR, at least 10 Russian airstrikes targeted positions of Islamic State (ISIL) cells in the Al-Rusafa desert, north-east of Raqqa city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': 'as part of this increased ISIL activity in Northeast Syria, five Syrian government soldiers were killed and 20 others were injured after ISIL operatives launched a rocket and artillery attack on a government military vehicle in the eastern part of the Syrian Desert.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': 'Also on 2 January, according to SOHR, Turkish forces shelled Fatima village in the Ain Issa countryside in the Tell Abyad District of Raqqa Governorate, an area controlled by the Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), injuring an SDF fighter who died three days later.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'according to SOHR, a commander of Ahrar al-Sham and his nephew were killed on a bridge near Jindires in the Afrin District of the Aleppo Governorate in Northwestern Syria, in territory controlled by the Turkey-backed Syrian National Army (SNA), by other Ahrar al-Sham members after their car was stopped at a checkpoint, which led to a gunfight between the militants.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': "as part of an uptick in the on-going 2019-2022 Persian Gulf crisis, the U.S 'Green Village' military base, near the town of Mayadin in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate was attacked by Iranian-backed militias, who fired eight rockets at the military base (which houses SDF and Coalition fighters), causing minor damage."}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'The same day, continuing on-going Israeli airstrikes on Iranian and government targets in Southern Syria, Israeli tanks fired at Syrian army positions in the town of Quneitra near the Golan Heights, in the Daraa Governorate, setting fire to a building.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': "On the same day, as part of the upsurge since 2019 of the on-going Daraa insurgency in Southern Syria, a Syrian soldier of the 4th Division, a member of a 'reconciled' rebel militia (i.e. an opposition fighting group absorbed into the government forces) accused of drug trafficking, was shot dead by gunmen in the village of Saham al-Jawlan in the western Daraa countryside, according to SOHR."}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'in the continuing Russian-ISIL conflict in Northeastern Syria, SOHR reported that three Syrian soldiers were killed and 2 others were wounded in an ISIS ambush in the Al-Rusafa desert northeast of Raqqa city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2022', 'event': 'three Turkish soldiers were killed after an IED was detonated under their vehicle on the Syrian-Turkish border near the town of Tell Abyad in Raqqa Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2022', 'event': "as the Daraa insurgency intensified, SOHR reported that two soldiers of the Syrian Army's Military Security were shot dead by gunmen in the outskirts of Al-Sanamayn city, in Daraa Governorate in southern Syria."}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2022', 'event': "On the same day in the Northeast, ISIL claimed to have abducted and then executed a 'spy' who was working with SDF forces in the town of Hajin."}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2022', 'event': "two civilians were executed by Islamist rebels Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in the town of Kafrsajna in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib, in a part of Northwestern Syria controlled by the HTS-dominated Syrian Salvation Government, after reportedly confessing to collaborating with Syrian government forces."}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2022', 'event': 'On the same day in Northeastern Syria, ISIL operatives assassinated a doctor in the town of Al-Tayyana for allegedly working with Kurdish forces.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2022', 'event': 'ISIL militants, under cover of foggy weather, launched a minor offensive on Syrian army positions in the town of Al-Kashma, Deir ez-Zor Governorate, killing three Syrian soldiers and wounding seven others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'Anwar Raslan, a government intelligence officer, was found guilty by a German court after a 108 day trial to have overseen the murder of at least 27 people, torture of at least 4,000, two cases of rape and various other crimes at the Branch 251 prison in Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'On the same day, SOHR reported that ISIL operatives attacked positions of pro-government militias in the desert near the city of Abu Kamal, Deir ez-Zor Governorate, killing five National Defence Forces (NDF) militiamen and wounding 14 others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'On the same day, an SNA fighter was killed in a car bomb explosion in the SNA-controlled city of Azaz in Aleppo, northwestern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'A suicide bombing also took place in the city of Afrin near a opposition military base, wounding several people.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'Three Syrian government soldiers were killed by opposition forces during an infiltration attempt on the rebel-held village of Sfuhen, Idlib, according to SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2022', 'event': 'according to SOHR, 20 ex-ISIL families, totalling 217 people, were repatriated out of the Al-Hawl camp to several villages in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate in Northeastern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2022', 'event': 'On the same day, according to SOHR, a military commander of the Syrian 4th Armoured Division was killed in an IED blast in Daraa city, as part of the on-going insurrection.'}, {'timestamp': '01-17-2022', 'event': 'the SOHR reported that forces of the SDF and US-led Coalition raided an ISIL hideout in the Hawy Al-Hawayej area in the eastern Deir ez-zor countryside, killing an ISIL commander and confiscating weapons.'}, {'timestamp': '01-18-2022', 'event': 'in Northeastern Syria, Russian jets launched a series of airstrikes on ISIL positions in the eastern Homs desert, Maadan desert in the Raqqah countryside, and Deir Ezzor desert, killing several ISIL fighters and destroying several vehicles, according to SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '01-19-2022', 'event': 'SOHR reported that eight ISIL operatives were killed in a series of Russian airstrikes on IS-held caves and hideouts in the Deir Ez-zor and Al-Raqqa deserts.'}, {'timestamp': '01-19-2022', 'event': 'the trial of Alaa Mousa began in Germany. He is a Syrian medical doctor accused of torturing detainees for the government in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'SOHR reported a civilian killed after SDF forces launched a rocket attack on the SNA-held village of Maryamayn, in the Afrin countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'Rockets were also fired from Kurdish-held territories targeting the SNA-held city of Afrin, reportedly killing three civilians and wounding 15 others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'A Turkish drone targeted SDF forces in AANES-controlled Tell Jemaah killing an SDF fighter and wounding 2 others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'Later that day, as part of ISIL resurgence on the Syria/Iraq border, the 3rd Battle of al-Hasakah began, after ISIS forces launched a large-scale attack aimed at freeing incarcerated ISIL fighters from a Gweiran prison, also known as al-Sinaa prison, in the city of Al-Hasakah.'}, {'timestamp': '01-21-2022', 'event': 'SOHR reported that two fighters of the Tell Tamer Military Council (which is allied to AANES and the SDF) were killed after a Turkish drone strike on their positions on a road near Twina village north of Al-Hasakah city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-2022', 'event': 'two fighters of the SNA were killed in an infiltration attempt on the SDF-controlled Al-Mushayrifah and Jahbal villages near the town of Ayn Issa.'}, {'timestamp': '01-24', 'event': 'According to SOHR, two Iranian-backed militiamen were killed in a landmine explosion near the town of Nebl in the northern Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26', 'event': 'The SOHR reported that a commander of HTS was blown up and killed whilst attempting to plant a landmine on the frontlines near the town of Darat Izza.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26', 'event': 'On the same day, IS claimed responsibility for abducting and beheading an SDF fighter south of Raqqa city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-27', 'event': 'Forces of the Jordanian army uncovered a drug-smuggling operation from Syria to Jordan, started after a Jordanian army officer was killed by drug smugglers from Syria earlier in January.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'A Turkish drone targeted SDF forces in AANES-controlled Tell Jemaah killing an SDF fighter and wounding 2 others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2022', 'event': 'according to SOHR, 20 ex-ISIL families, totalling 217 people, were repatriated out of the Al-Hawl camp to several villages in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate in Northeastern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'On the same day, an SNA fighter was killed in a car bomb explosion in the SNA-controlled city of Azaz in Aleppo, northwestern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2022', 'event': 'in the continuing Russian-ISIL conflict in Northeastern Syria, SOHR reported that three Syrian soldiers were killed and 2 others were wounded in an ISIS ambush in the Al-Rusafa desert northeast of Raqqa city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'Later that day, as part of ISIL resurgence on the Syria/Iraq border, the 3rd Battle of al-Hasakah began, after ISIS forces launched a large-scale attack aimed at freeing incarcerated ISIL fighters from a Gweiran prison, also known as al-Sinaa prison, in the city of Al-Hasakah.'}, {'timestamp': '01-19-2022', 'event': 'the trial of Alaa Mousa began in Germany. He is a Syrian medical doctor accused of torturing detainees for the government in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2022', 'event': 'according to SOHR, a commander of Ahrar al-Sham and his nephew were killed on a bridge near Jindires in the Afrin District of the Aleppo Governorate in Northwestern Syria, in territory controlled by the Turkey-backed Syrian National Army (SNA), by other Ahrar al-Sham members after their car was stopped at a checkpoint, which led to a gunfight between the militants.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'On the same day, SOHR reported that ISIL operatives attacked positions of pro-government militias in the desert near the city of Abu Kamal, Deir ez-Zor Governorate, killing five National Defence Forces (NDF) militiamen and wounding 14 others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'Rockets were also fired from Kurdish-held territories targeting the SNA-held city of Afrin, reportedly killing three civilians and wounding 15 others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-24', 'event': 'According to SOHR, two Iranian-backed militiamen were killed in a landmine explosion near the town of Nebl in the northern Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'Three Syrian government soldiers were killed by opposition forces during an infiltration attempt on the rebel-held village of Sfuhen, Idlib, according to SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'Anwar Raslan, a government intelligence officer, was found guilty by a German court after a 108 day trial to have overseen the murder of at least 27 people, torture of at least 4,000, two cases of rape and various other crimes at the Branch 251 prison in Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'On the same day in territories controlled by the government and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Northeastern Syria, according to SOHR, at least 10 Russian airstrikes targeted positions of Islamic State (ISIL) cells in the Al-Rusafa desert, north-east of Raqqa city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26', 'event': 'On the same day, IS claimed responsibility for abducting and beheading an SDF fighter south of Raqqa city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2022', 'event': "two civilians were executed by Islamist rebels Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in the town of Kafrsajna in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib, in a part of Northwestern Syria controlled by the HTS-dominated Syrian Salvation Government, after reportedly confessing to collaborating with Syrian government forces."}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2022', 'event': 'three Turkish soldiers were killed after an IED was detonated under their vehicle on the Syrian-Turkish border near the town of Tell Abyad in Raqqa Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': 'as part of this increased ISIL activity in Northeast Syria, five Syrian government soldiers were killed and 20 others were injured after ISIL operatives launched a rocket and artillery attack on a government military vehicle in the eastern part of the Syrian Desert.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-2022', 'event': 'two fighters of the SNA were killed in an infiltration attempt on the SDF-controlled Al-Mushayrifah and Jahbal villages near the town of Ayn Issa.'}, {'timestamp': '01-17-2022', 'event': 'the SOHR reported that forces of the SDF and US-led Coalition raided an ISIL hideout in the Hawy Al-Hawayej area in the eastern Deir ez-zor countryside, killing an ISIL commander and confiscating weapons.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26', 'event': 'The SOHR reported that a commander of HTS was blown up and killed whilst attempting to plant a landmine on the frontlines near the town of Darat Izza.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2022', 'event': 'SOHR reported a civilian killed after SDF forces launched a rocket attack on the SNA-held village of Maryamayn, in the Afrin countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2022', 'event': 'ISIL militants, under cover of foggy weather, launched a minor offensive on Syrian army positions in the town of Al-Kashma, Deir ez-Zor Governorate, killing three Syrian soldiers and wounding seven others.'}, {'timestamp': '01-21-2022', 'event': 'SOHR reported that two fighters of the Tell Tamer Military Council (which is allied to AANES and the SDF) were killed after a Turkish drone strike on their positions on a road near Twina village north of Al-Hasakah city.'}, {'timestamp': '01-19-2022', 'event': 'SOHR reported that eight ISIL operatives were killed in a series of Russian airstrikes on IS-held caves and hideouts in the Deir Ez-zor and Al-Raqqa deserts.'}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2022', 'event': 'Also on 2 January, according to SOHR, Turkish forces shelled Fatima village in the Ain Issa countryside in the Tell Abyad District of Raqqa Governorate, an area controlled by the Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), injuring an SDF fighter who died three days later.'}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'They said three civilians were killed in a Russian airstrike on a building north of Jisr al-Shughur, west of Idlib in Northwestern Syria, in an area controlled by rebels, as part of the on-going Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war, and that the Al-Fath Al-Mubin rebel faction counterattacked with rocket fire on government positions in Jorin area of Hama countryside and around Maarat al-Numan in the southern Idlib countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': "as part of an uptick in the on-going 2019-2022 Persian Gulf crisis, the U.S 'Green Village' military base, near the town of Mayadin in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate was attacked by Iranian-backed militias, who fired eight rockets at the military base (which houses SDF and Coalition fighters), causing minor damage."}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2022', 'event': 'the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a monitor based in the United Kingdom, reported that its activists had documented several Russian and government airstrikes in Northwest Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2022', 'event': 'On the same day in Northeastern Syria, ISIL operatives assassinated a doctor in the town of Al-Tayyana for allegedly working with Kurdish forces.'}, {'timestamp': '01-18-2022', 'event': 'in Northeastern Syria, Russian jets launched a series of airstrikes on ISIL positions in the eastern Homs desert, Maadan desert in the Raqqah countryside, and Deir Ezzor desert, killing several ISIL fighters and destroying several vehicles, according to SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2022', 'event': 'A suicide bombing also took place in the city of Afrin near a opposition military base, wounding several people.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': 'The same day, continuing on-going Israeli airstrikes on Iranian and government targets in Southern Syria, Israeli tanks fired at Syrian army positions in the town of Quneitra near the Golan Heights, in the Daraa Governorate, setting fire to a building.'}, {'timestamp': '01-27', 'event': 'Forces of the Jordanian army uncovered a drug-smuggling operation from Syria to Jordan, started after a Jordanian army officer was killed by drug smugglers from Syria earlier in January.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2022', 'event': "On the same day in the Northeast, ISIL claimed to have abducted and then executed a 'spy' who was working with SDF forces in the town of Hajin."}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2022', 'event': 'On the same day, according to SOHR, a military commander of the Syrian 4th Armoured Division was killed in an IED blast in Daraa city, as part of the on-going insurrection.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2022', 'event': "On the same day, as part of the upsurge since 2019 of the on-going Daraa insurgency in Southern Syria, a Syrian soldier of the 4th Division, a member of a 'reconciled' rebel militia (i.e. an opposition fighting group absorbed into the government forces) accused of drug trafficking, was shot dead by gunmen in the village of Saham al-Jawlan in the western Daraa countryside, according to SOHR."}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2022', 'event': "as the Daraa insurgency intensified, SOHR reported that two soldiers of the Syrian Army's Military Security were shot dead by gunmen in the outskirts of Al-Sanamayn city, in Daraa Governorate in southern Syria."}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '01-28', 'event': 'SOHR reported that two fighters of the pro-Assad Al-Qatarji militia were found dead along the bank of the Euphrates River after being killed by unknown gunmen in al-Bolil village, where they were stationed.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29', 'event': 'Unknown gunmen, suspected to by ISIL operatives, killed four Syrian government soldiers as they slept at their outpost in the settlement of Bakras Tahtani in the Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '01-30', 'event': 'As tensions were growing between SNA factions in Northwestern Syria, SOHR reported that a commander of the Turkish-backed Al-Hamza Division was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the city of Al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31', 'event': 'During the early hours of 31 January, Israeli warplanes carried out several airstrikes against alleged Hezbollah targets near the Syrian capital, Damascus, causing material damage only.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31', 'event': 'The SDF said that the Gweiran prison overrun by ISIL was now fully back under its control.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01', 'event': 'Three fighters of the Liwa al-Quds militia were killed and two others were wounded after ISIL militants attacked their positions in the al-Masrib desert in the western Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01', 'event': 'On the same day, a reconciled rebel was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the town of Muzayrib, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'SOHR reported that a Turkish drone bombed a power station in the city of Al-Malikiyah killing 4 people.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'On the same day, 8 civilians were killed and 29 others were wounded after several rockets were fired targeting the Turkish-held city of al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'Later in the day, a Turkish soldier was killed after SDF forces fired artillery at Turkish army positions on the Syrian-Turkish border.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'Furthermore, 3 Syrian soldiers were killed after Turkish forces bombarded several Syrian army positions on the western Aleppo frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03', 'event': 'United States President Joe Biden announced that U.S. military forces successfully undertook a counterterrorism operation in Atme, northwest Syria, resulting in the death of Islamic State leader Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03', 'event': "On the same day, three fighters of the Kurdish Women's Protection Units (YPJ) militia were killed after a Turkish drone bombed their positions in the village of Kharza, near Al-Darbasiyah."}, {'timestamp': '02-03', 'event': 'Furthermore, 3 commanders of the Liwa al-Shamal brigade were killed in an IED explosion in Beir Maghar village near Jarablus city.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05', 'event': 'SOHR reported that an SDF fighter was killed and another was wounded after an IED exploded targeting an SDF military base in the Jarn Aswad village west of Tell Abyad.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07', 'event': 'A draft agreement between Russia and Belarus revealed that 200 Belarusian troops were to be deployed to Syria alongside Russian troops, under Russian operational command.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07', 'event': 'Also on 7 February, SOHR reported that two Syrian government soldiers were killed by fighters of Al-Fatah al-Mubin during a sniping operation conducted on the Idlib frontlines.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'In the early morning of February 9, Israeli warplanes launched airstrikes, targeting radar and anti-aircraft batteries near Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'Later in the day, SOHR reported that Syrian forces destroyed a SNA technical with a rocket at the Abu Al-Zandin crossing, east of al-Bab city, killing one SNA fighter.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'Also on February 9, ISIL fighters attacked an SDF military post Al-Shuhail desert, east of Deir Ezzor, killing 5 fighters of the Deir ez-Zor Military Council.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'IS militants also infiltrated an SDF military post in Jazra Al-Bushms under the cover of a dust storm, killing 4 SDF fighters with silenced weapons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'One IS fighter was also killed in the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10', 'event': "Dozens of people in the mainly Druze city of As-Suwayda in southern Syria took to the streets protesting against corruption and worsening living standard under slogans including 'We want to live with dignity' and 'There is nothing left for the poor', with some protestors carrying the Druze community flag, following a week of sporadic demonstrations in the surrounding countryside."}, {'timestamp': '02-11', 'event': 'On Friday 11 February, the protests had grown to the hundreds, with hundreds of government security forces entering the city in response.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10', 'event': 'Also on 10 February, ISIL operatives ambushed a Syrian military convoy in the eastern Homs desert, killing three Syrian soldiers including a major general.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10', 'event': 'In response to the attack, Russian warplanes launched several airstrikes targeting positions and hideouts of ISIL cells in the Syrian desert, reportedly killing nine ISIL fighters.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11', 'event': 'SOHR reported that the airstrikes continued the following day, with a total of seven ISIL fighters were killed after Russian warplanes launched three airstrike attacks on their hideouts in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12', 'event': 'Six civilians were killed after Syrian government artillery targeted the rebel-held village of Maaret Elnaasan, in the Idlib countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13', 'event': 'SOHR reported that two fighters of the SDF was killed and one was wounded after Turkish forces launched a rocket attack on the village of Maaliq, near the town Ain Issa.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13', 'event': 'On the same day, the SOHR reported that as part of a crackdown on Al-Qaeda linked militants in the Idlib Governorate, HTS had arrested at least 250 militants of Hurras ad-Din, some of whom were reportedly of non-Syrian nationalities.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': 'An IED explosion took place, targeting a Syrian military convoy in the Syrian capital of Damascus near Umayyad Square, killing one Syrian soldier and wounding 11 others.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': 'On the same day, at least three civilians were blown up and killed in a rocket attack on the city of Azaz.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': "The same day, Russian news agency Interfax reported that, as part of a surge in Russian military activity due to the intensification of the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis, Russia deployed MiG-31K fighter jets with hypersonic Kinzhal missiles and long-range Tupolev Tu-22M strategic bombers to its Hmeimim air base on Syria'a Mediterranean coast."}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': 'On the same day, two Syrian soldiers were killed and 9 others were wounded after opposition factions shelled several villages in the Idlib governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16', 'event': 'A Pro-Assad, Iranian-backed militiaman was killed by an ISIL-planted landmine in the Uqayribat desert in the eastern Hama countryside, as reported by the SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16', 'event': 'On the same day, the town of Al-Dana, Idlib, was bombed by Syrian army artillery, killing 3 civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16', 'event': 'Furthermore, following increasing Russian airstrikes on positions of IS, the SOHR confirmed that 6 IS fighters had been killed in Russian airstrikes in the desert areas of the Aleppo-Hama-Al-Raqqah triangle.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'Following Syrian army shelling on opposition-held town of Al-Dana the day prior, skirmishes broke out between opposition and Syrian government forces on the nearby Idlib frontline, near the town of Darat Izza, leaving one opposition fighter and one Syrian soldier dead.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'On the same day, a Car bomb exploded in the city of al-Bab, killing one civilian.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'Furthermore, a Syrian Arab Air Force helicopter was forced to make an emergency landing due to technical failures.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'The helicopter crashed in a mountainous area of Latakia, killing two of the crew and injuring 4 others.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18', 'event': 'another car bomb explosion took place in the city of al-Bab, killing a commander of Suqour al-Sham, as reported by the SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18', 'event': 'an execution of an Imam took place in Darkush, Idlib, by HTS for allegedly working with the Syrian government.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19', 'event': 'the SOHR documented the deaths of 2 Syrian soldiers after being shot dead by unknown gunmen near the roundabout in the city of Al-Shaykh Maskin.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19', 'event': 'a fighter of Liwa al-Shamal was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the village of Tokhar, Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19', 'event': 'the village of Hezwan, near al-Bab, was shelled by Syrian forces, causing material damage.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20', 'event': 'the SOHR documented an ISIL attack on a Syrian army post in the Deir ez-Zor desert that resulted in the deaths of 2 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20', 'event': '3 Syrian soldiers were killed after a landmine, planted by suspected ISIL operatives, exploded underneath their vehicle in the village of Jabal al-Omar.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was killed by opposition factions on the Miznaz frontline, in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21', 'event': 'the SOHR documented that 5 militiamen of the Pro-Assad Baqir Brigade were killed after their bus drove over a landmine planted by suspected IS operatives in the Itheriya desert near the city of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22', 'event': 'one person was killed after a car bomb exploded in the opposition-held city of Azaz, northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22', 'event': 'a fighter of the Al-Mubin operations room was killed on the Kurd Mountains frontline by Syrian army shelling.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22', 'event': '3 people were killed in a hospital fire in the city of Aleppo.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-03', 'event': "On the same day, three fighters of the Kurdish Women's Protection Units (YPJ) militia were killed after a Turkish drone bombed their positions in the village of Kharza, near Al-Darbasiyah."}, {'timestamp': '02-16', 'event': 'On the same day, the town of Al-Dana, Idlib, was bombed by Syrian army artillery, killing 3 civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '01-28', 'event': 'SOHR reported that two fighters of the pro-Assad Al-Qatarji militia were found dead along the bank of the Euphrates River after being killed by unknown gunmen in al-Bolil village, where they were stationed.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22', 'event': '3 people were killed in a hospital fire in the city of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11', 'event': 'SOHR reported that the airstrikes continued the following day, with a total of seven ISIL fighters were killed after Russian warplanes launched three airstrike attacks on their hideouts in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16', 'event': 'A Pro-Assad, Iranian-backed militiaman was killed by an ISIL-planted landmine in the Uqayribat desert in the eastern Hama countryside, as reported by the SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'On the same day, a Car bomb exploded in the city of al-Bab, killing one civilian.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'SOHR reported that a Turkish drone bombed a power station in the city of Al-Malikiyah killing 4 people.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10', 'event': 'In response to the attack, Russian warplanes launched several airstrikes targeting positions and hideouts of ISIL cells in the Syrian desert, reportedly killing nine ISIL fighters.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07', 'event': 'A draft agreement between Russia and Belarus revealed that 200 Belarusian troops were to be deployed to Syria alongside Russian troops, under Russian operational command.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07', 'event': 'Also on 7 February, SOHR reported that two Syrian government soldiers were killed by fighters of Al-Fatah al-Mubin during a sniping operation conducted on the Idlib frontlines.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11', 'event': 'On Friday 11 February, the protests had grown to the hundreds, with hundreds of government security forces entering the city in response.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03', 'event': 'Furthermore, 3 commanders of the Liwa al-Shamal brigade were killed in an IED explosion in Beir Maghar village near Jarablus city.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'In the early morning of February 9, Israeli warplanes launched airstrikes, targeting radar and anti-aircraft batteries near Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19', 'event': 'the SOHR documented the deaths of 2 Syrian soldiers after being shot dead by unknown gunmen near the roundabout in the city of Al-Shaykh Maskin.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29', 'event': 'Unknown gunmen, suspected to by ISIL operatives, killed four Syrian government soldiers as they slept at their outpost in the settlement of Bakras Tahtani in the Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18', 'event': 'another car bomb explosion took place in the city of al-Bab, killing a commander of Suqour al-Sham, as reported by the SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was killed by opposition factions on the Miznaz frontline, in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05', 'event': 'SOHR reported that an SDF fighter was killed and another was wounded after an IED exploded targeting an SDF military base in the Jarn Aswad village west of Tell Abyad.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01', 'event': 'Three fighters of the Liwa al-Quds militia were killed and two others were wounded after ISIL militants attacked their positions in the al-Masrib desert in the western Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'Later in the day, SOHR reported that Syrian forces destroyed a SNA technical with a rocket at the Abu Al-Zandin crossing, east of al-Bab city, killing one SNA fighter.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'Later in the day, a Turkish soldier was killed after SDF forces fired artillery at Turkish army positions on the Syrian-Turkish border.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'Following Syrian army shelling on opposition-held town of Al-Dana the day prior, skirmishes broke out between opposition and Syrian government forces on the nearby Idlib frontline, near the town of Darat Izza, leaving one opposition fighter and one Syrian soldier dead.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10', 'event': 'Also on 10 February, ISIL operatives ambushed a Syrian military convoy in the eastern Homs desert, killing three Syrian soldiers including a major general.'}, {'timestamp': '01-31', 'event': 'The SDF said that the Gweiran prison overrun by ISIL was now fully back under its control.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': 'On the same day, two Syrian soldiers were killed and 9 others were wounded after opposition factions shelled several villages in the Idlib governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '02-18', 'event': 'an execution of an Imam took place in Darkush, Idlib, by HTS for allegedly working with the Syrian government.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'One IS fighter was also killed in the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': "The same day, Russian news agency Interfax reported that, as part of a surge in Russian military activity due to the intensification of the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis, Russia deployed MiG-31K fighter jets with hypersonic Kinzhal missiles and long-range Tupolev Tu-22M strategic bombers to its Hmeimim air base on Syria'a Mediterranean coast."}, {'timestamp': '02-10', 'event': "Dozens of people in the mainly Druze city of As-Suwayda in southern Syria took to the streets protesting against corruption and worsening living standard under slogans including 'We want to live with dignity' and 'There is nothing left for the poor', with some protestors carrying the Druze community flag, following a week of sporadic demonstrations in the surrounding countryside."}, {'timestamp': '01-31', 'event': 'During the early hours of 31 January, Israeli warplanes carried out several airstrikes against alleged Hezbollah targets near the Syrian capital, Damascus, causing material damage only.'}, {'timestamp': '02-03', 'event': 'United States President Joe Biden announced that U.S. military forces successfully undertook a counterterrorism operation in Atme, northwest Syria, resulting in the death of Islamic State leader Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi.'}, {'timestamp': '01-30', 'event': 'As tensions were growing between SNA factions in Northwestern Syria, SOHR reported that a commander of the Turkish-backed Al-Hamza Division was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the city of Al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'The helicopter crashed in a mountainous area of Latakia, killing two of the crew and injuring 4 others.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'On the same day, 8 civilians were killed and 29 others were wounded after several rockets were fired targeting the Turkish-held city of al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': 'An IED explosion took place, targeting a Syrian military convoy in the Syrian capital of Damascus near Umayyad Square, killing one Syrian soldier and wounding 11 others.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21', 'event': 'the SOHR documented that 5 militiamen of the Pro-Assad Baqir Brigade were killed after their bus drove over a landmine planted by suspected IS operatives in the Itheriya desert near the city of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01', 'event': 'On the same day, a reconciled rebel was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the town of Muzayrib, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'Also on February 9, ISIL fighters attacked an SDF military post Al-Shuhail desert, east of Deir Ezzor, killing 5 fighters of the Deir ez-Zor Military Council.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22', 'event': 'a fighter of the Al-Mubin operations room was killed on the Kurd Mountains frontline by Syrian army shelling.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13', 'event': 'SOHR reported that two fighters of the SDF was killed and one was wounded after Turkish forces launched a rocket attack on the village of Maaliq, near the town Ain Issa.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19', 'event': 'the village of Hezwan, near al-Bab, was shelled by Syrian forces, causing material damage.'}, {'timestamp': '02-09', 'event': 'IS militants also infiltrated an SDF military post in Jazra Al-Bushms under the cover of a dust storm, killing 4 SDF fighters with silenced weapons.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20', 'event': 'the SOHR documented an ISIL attack on a Syrian army post in the Deir ez-Zor desert that resulted in the deaths of 2 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '02-19', 'event': 'a fighter of Liwa al-Shamal was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the village of Tokhar, Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16', 'event': 'Furthermore, following increasing Russian airstrikes on positions of IS, the SOHR confirmed that 6 IS fighters had been killed in Russian airstrikes in the desert areas of the Aleppo-Hama-Al-Raqqah triangle.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13', 'event': 'On the same day, the SOHR reported that as part of a crackdown on Al-Qaeda linked militants in the Idlib Governorate, HTS had arrested at least 250 militants of Hurras ad-Din, some of whom were reportedly of non-Syrian nationalities.'}, {'timestamp': '02-02', 'event': 'Furthermore, 3 Syrian soldiers were killed after Turkish forces bombarded several Syrian army positions on the western Aleppo frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22', 'event': 'one person was killed after a car bomb exploded in the opposition-held city of Azaz, northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12', 'event': 'Six civilians were killed after Syrian government artillery targeted the rebel-held village of Maaret Elnaasan, in the Idlib countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20', 'event': '3 Syrian soldiers were killed after a landmine, planted by suspected ISIL operatives, exploded underneath their vehicle in the village of Jabal al-Omar.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15', 'event': 'On the same day, at least three civilians were blown up and killed in a rocket attack on the city of Azaz.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17', 'event': 'Furthermore, a Syrian Arab Air Force helicopter was forced to make an emergency landing due to technical failures.'}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '02-23', 'event': 'Israeli forces launched missiles targeting Syrian positions in Quneitra, causing material damage only.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23', 'event': 'a former commander of ISIS, by the name of Kamal Hamid al-Jaouni, was shot dead by unknown gunmen near the town of Al-Shajara.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23', 'event': 'two people were also killed in an explosion in the al-Hosyniyah area of Rif Dimashq.'}, {'timestamp': '02-24', 'event': '6 Syrian soldiers were killed after Israel launched airstrikes targeting Syrian army positions near Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '02-25', 'event': 'three SDF fighters were killed by suspected IS operatives near Hajin.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27', 'event': 'the SOHR documented the deaths of 2 people and the injury of two others after Syrian artillery targeted the village of Afs, in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '03-03', 'event': 'the first 30 Syrian Arab Army officers arrived in Russia to fight in its invasion of Ukraine.'}, {'timestamp': '03-03', 'event': 'a Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) fighter was shot dead by ISIL operatives in the town of Abu Hamam, in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, the SOHR reported.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04', 'event': 'three government soldiers were killed after suspected IS gunmen opened fire on their military vehicle in the area of Sabkha Al-Malah district east of Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04', 'event': 'the Jordanian army announced they had killed a suspected smuggler on the Syria-Jordan border.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06', 'event': '13 more government soldiers were killed and 18 others were wounded after a military bus was targeted by IS militants in the Syrian desert, near Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07', 'event': 'two Syrian civilians were killed by an Israeli missile attack on a Syrian military position near Damascus according to the Syrian Ministry of Defense.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07', 'event': "Iran later announced that two IRGC colonels, Ehsan Karbalaipour and Morteza Saeednejad, had been killed in the attack and that 'Undoubtedly, the Zionist regime will pay for this crime'."}, {'timestamp': '03-07', 'event': 'the US alleged that Russia was attempting to recruit Syrians to fight for it in its invasion of Ukraine.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10', 'event': 'five government-allied Liwa al-Quds militiamen were killed and 7 others were injured in a landmine explosion in the Jabal al-Amour area in the Palmyra desert, according to SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10', 'event': 'ISIL named its new leader, Abu Hassan al-Hashimi al-Qurayshi.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': 'Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would accept volunteers from the Middle East, including Syria, to fight on behalf of Russia in Ukraine.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': "Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy called the Syrian volunteers 'Murderers'."}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': "it was also reported that some Syrian soldiers of the Syrian army's Tiger Forces were in the process of joining the Wagner Group to fight alongside Russia in the war."}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': 'Russian military personnel in Syria had accepted over 22,000 candidacies from Syrian fighters as of March 15.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers of the General Intelligence Directorate were killed and others were wounded in a skirmish with gunmen in the town of Jasim, in the Daraa countryside as the Daraa insurgency continued.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15', 'event': 'three other soldiers later died of their wounds.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17', 'event': 'the head of the Jasim town council was shot dead by unknown gunmen just outside the town of Jasim, in the Daraa countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18', 'event': 'a reconciled rebel was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the town of Al-Karak, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was found dead in the village of Swidan Jazira, in the Deir ez-zour countryside, after being kidnapped by suspected IS militants the day before.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21', 'event': 'a fighter of the Al-Hamza Division was shot dead in the village of Aziziyah, near Ras al-Ayn, during an internal dispute over smuggling.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'a fighter of Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) was killed and another was injured after Syrian army artillery targeted their positions in the town of Taqad in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'the mayor of Al-Sanamayn municipality was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the northern Daraa countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'a fighter of Al-Fatah al-Mubin was killed by a Syrian army sniper on the Kafr Ama frontline, in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'a fighter of the Syrian National Army was also shot dead by a Kurdish sniper in the village of Ablah, near Azaz.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was shot and killed by opposition forces in the village of Dara al-Kabira on the southern Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'a 26 March report of an investigation by the Daily Telegraph and others stated that 3,000 Syrians had been cleared to fight in Ukraine, many recruited by the Al-Sayyad Company, a private military company funded by Moscow with links to the Wagner Group of mercenaries (which had opened its recruitment on 12 March), and that some were coerced into fighting.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28', 'event': 'SDF forces, backed up by Coalition helicopters, raided a house in the Al-Litwah neighbourhood in the town of Diban, killing a suspected ISIL militant who refused to surrender to SDF forces.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28', 'event': 'a fighter of the Levant Front was killed in an IED explosion in the village of Ranin, near Suluk.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': 'two SDF fighters were found dead two days after being abducted by suspected ISIS militants from a military checkpoint at the Al-Safafnna water station, in the eastern Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': "a military doctor of the Syrian Army's 8th Brigade was blown up and killed in an IED explosion in the town of Mahajjah, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': '4 people including an ISIS fighter were killed after a small clash took place between suspected ISIS gunmen and SDF forces at the Al-Hawl refugee camp.'}, {'timestamp': '03-30', 'event': "two Syrian government soldiers were killed and another 2 were wounded after being shot by unknown gunmen on the Da'il-Daraa highway in the Daraa countryside."}, {'timestamp': '04-01', 'event': 'two fighters of Ahrar al-Sham and a fighter of the Levant Front were killed during internal clashes in the village of Awlan, near al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02', 'event': 'a fighter of HTS was killed and 3 others were wounded after a skirmish broke out with Syrian Arab Army (SAA) forces on al-Fatera village frontline, in the southern Idlib countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03', 'event': 'two Iranian-backed pro-government militiamen were killed and 8 others were injured after Islamic State fighters attacked the militiamen at a fuel station on the eastern outskirts of Al-Sukhnah, in the eastern part of the Homs Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's 10th Division was shot dead and another was injured by unknown gunmen in the town of Abtaa, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '04-05', 'event': 'one SDF operative was killed and two others were wounded after suspected ISIS gunmen opened fire on SDF forces in the city of Hajin, but then escaped on a motorcycle.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was shot dead and another was injured by unknown gunmen in the city of Al-Quriyah, in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06', 'event': 'seven fighters of the Levant Front, including a commander, were killed in an attack by unidentified gunmen on a military checkpoint on the road between Azaz and the Bab Al-Salama border crossing with Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06', 'event': 'a Pro-Assad militiaman was killed and 3 others were wounded after ISIL insurgents attacked a military outpost near the Al-Kharata oil field in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07', 'event': 'four US service members at the Green Village Coalition base in SDF territory near the Iraqi border were injured in an explosive attack.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07', 'event': 'a Syrian government soldier was shot dead by unknown gunmen the Al-Jiza- Al-Kahil road, east of Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'a member of the pro-government National Defence Forces (NDF) militia was killed in an internal dispute in the city of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'the Association of Detainees and the Missing in Sednaya Prison (ADMSP) reported that more than $1.5bn in personal property, including cars, olive groves, shops, houses, electronics and jewellery, had been seized by the government from citizens accused of joining opposition protests in the previous decade.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09', 'event': 'two Syrian government soldiers, including a captain, were killed in the village of Dadikh on the Idlib frontline, after HTS forces launched a sniping operation in the area.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09', 'event': 'a fighter of the SDF was killed and two others were injured after a Turkish drone targeted an SDF checkpoint in Tel Kabz village near Al-Dirbasiyah on the Syria-Turkey border.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12', 'event': 'an ex-Asayish member was burnt alive in a car after being kidnapped by ISIS operatives in the town of al-Sabhah, east of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '04-13', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's Internal Security Division was shot dead by unknown gunmen in al-Masifra town in the Daraa countryside."}, {'timestamp': '04-14', 'event': 'a fighter of the Sham Legion was killed and another was wounded after Kurdish forces fired a missile at a military vehicle on the Merimin frontline near Azaz.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '04-05', 'event': 'one SDF operative was killed and two others were wounded after suspected ISIS gunmen opened fire on SDF forces in the city of Hajin, but then escaped on a motorcycle.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': 'Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would accept volunteers from the Middle East, including Syria, to fight on behalf of Russia in Ukraine.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06', 'event': 'a Pro-Assad militiaman was killed and 3 others were wounded after ISIL insurgents attacked a military outpost near the Al-Kharata oil field in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03', 'event': 'two Iranian-backed pro-government militiamen were killed and 8 others were injured after Islamic State fighters attacked the militiamen at a fuel station on the eastern outskirts of Al-Sukhnah, in the eastern part of the Homs Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was found dead in the village of Swidan Jazira, in the Deir ez-zour countryside, after being kidnapped by suspected IS militants the day before.'}, {'timestamp': '03-03', 'event': 'the first 30 Syrian Arab Army officers arrived in Russia to fight in its invasion of Ukraine.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'the mayor of Al-Sanamayn municipality was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the northern Daraa countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17', 'event': 'the head of the Jasim town council was shot dead by unknown gunmen just outside the town of Jasim, in the Daraa countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09', 'event': 'a fighter of the SDF was killed and two others were injured after a Turkish drone targeted an SDF checkpoint in Tel Kabz village near Al-Dirbasiyah on the Syria-Turkey border.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12', 'event': 'an ex-Asayish member was burnt alive in a car after being kidnapped by ISIS operatives in the town of al-Sabhah, east of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': 'two SDF fighters were found dead two days after being abducted by suspected ISIS militants from a military checkpoint at the Al-Safafnna water station, in the eastern Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'the Association of Detainees and the Missing in Sednaya Prison (ADMSP) reported that more than $1.5bn in personal property, including cars, olive groves, shops, houses, electronics and jewellery, had been seized by the government from citizens accused of joining opposition protests in the previous decade.'}, {'timestamp': '03-03', 'event': 'a Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) fighter was shot dead by ISIL operatives in the town of Abu Hamam, in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, the SOHR reported.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04', 'event': 'three government soldiers were killed after suspected IS gunmen opened fire on their military vehicle in the area of Sabkha Al-Malah district east of Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was shot dead and another was injured by unknown gunmen in the city of Al-Quriyah, in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07', 'event': "Iran later announced that two IRGC colonels, Ehsan Karbalaipour and Morteza Saeednejad, had been killed in the attack and that 'Undoubtedly, the Zionist regime will pay for this crime'."}, {'timestamp': '03-30', 'event': "two Syrian government soldiers were killed and another 2 were wounded after being shot by unknown gunmen on the Da'il-Daraa highway in the Daraa countryside."}, {'timestamp': '03-28', 'event': 'a fighter of the Levant Front was killed in an IED explosion in the village of Ranin, near Suluk.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15', 'event': 'three other soldiers later died of their wounds.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24', 'event': 'a fighter of Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) was killed and another was injured after Syrian army artillery targeted their positions in the town of Taqad in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07', 'event': 'a Syrian government soldier was shot dead by unknown gunmen the Al-Jiza- Al-Kahil road, east of Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': 'Russian military personnel in Syria had accepted over 22,000 candidacies from Syrian fighters as of March 15.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': "Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy called the Syrian volunteers 'Murderers'."}, {'timestamp': '04-01', 'event': 'two fighters of Ahrar al-Sham and a fighter of the Levant Front were killed during internal clashes in the village of Awlan, near al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07', 'event': 'four US service members at the Green Village Coalition base in SDF territory near the Iraqi border were injured in an explosive attack.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23', 'event': 'Israeli forces launched missiles targeting Syrian positions in Quneitra, causing material damage only.'}, {'timestamp': '02-23', 'event': 'two people were also killed in an explosion in the al-Hosyniyah area of Rif Dimashq.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02', 'event': 'a fighter of HTS was killed and 3 others were wounded after a skirmish broke out with Syrian Arab Army (SAA) forces on al-Fatera village frontline, in the southern Idlib countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'a 26 March report of an investigation by the Daily Telegraph and others stated that 3,000 Syrians had been cleared to fight in Ukraine, many recruited by the Al-Sayyad Company, a private military company funded by Moscow with links to the Wagner Group of mercenaries (which had opened its recruitment on 12 March), and that some were coerced into fighting.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07', 'event': 'two Syrian civilians were killed by an Israeli missile attack on a Syrian military position near Damascus according to the Syrian Ministry of Defense.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06', 'event': '13 more government soldiers were killed and 18 others were wounded after a military bus was targeted by IS militants in the Syrian desert, near Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27', 'event': 'the SOHR documented the deaths of 2 people and the injury of two others after Syrian artillery targeted the village of Afs, in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's 10th Division was shot dead and another was injured by unknown gunmen in the town of Abtaa, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '02-24', 'event': '6 Syrian soldiers were killed after Israel launched airstrikes targeting Syrian army positions near Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10', 'event': 'ISIL named its new leader, Abu Hassan al-Hashimi al-Qurayshi.'}, {'timestamp': '03-10', 'event': 'five government-allied Liwa al-Quds militiamen were killed and 7 others were injured in a landmine explosion in the Jabal al-Amour area in the Palmyra desert, according to SOHR.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11', 'event': "it was also reported that some Syrian soldiers of the Syrian army's Tiger Forces were in the process of joining the Wagner Group to fight alongside Russia in the war."}, {'timestamp': '02-23', 'event': 'a former commander of ISIS, by the name of Kamal Hamid al-Jaouni, was shot dead by unknown gunmen near the town of Al-Shajara.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04', 'event': 'the Jordanian army announced they had killed a suspected smuggler on the Syria-Jordan border.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'a member of the pro-government National Defence Forces (NDF) militia was killed in an internal dispute in the city of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14', 'event': 'a fighter of the Sham Legion was killed and another was wounded after Kurdish forces fired a missile at a military vehicle on the Merimin frontline near Azaz.'}, {'timestamp': '04-13', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's Internal Security Division was shot dead by unknown gunmen in al-Masifra town in the Daraa countryside."}, {'timestamp': '03-21', 'event': 'a fighter of the Al-Hamza Division was shot dead in the village of Aziziyah, near Ras al-Ayn, during an internal dispute over smuggling.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': '4 people including an ISIS fighter were killed after a small clash took place between suspected ISIS gunmen and SDF forces at the Al-Hawl refugee camp.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': "a military doctor of the Syrian Army's 8th Brigade was blown up and killed in an IED explosion in the town of Mahajjah, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '03-28', 'event': 'SDF forces, backed up by Coalition helicopters, raided a house in the Al-Litwah neighbourhood in the town of Diban, killing a suspected ISIL militant who refused to surrender to SDF forces.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07', 'event': 'the US alleged that Russia was attempting to recruit Syrians to fight for it in its invasion of Ukraine.'}, {'timestamp': '02-25', 'event': 'three SDF fighters were killed by suspected IS operatives near Hajin.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'a fighter of the Syrian National Army was also shot dead by a Kurdish sniper in the village of Ablah, near Azaz.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was shot and killed by opposition forces in the village of Dara al-Kabira on the southern Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06', 'event': 'seven fighters of the Levant Front, including a commander, were killed in an attack by unidentified gunmen on a military checkpoint on the road between Azaz and the Bab Al-Salama border crossing with Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers of the General Intelligence Directorate were killed and others were wounded in a skirmish with gunmen in the town of Jasim, in the Daraa countryside as the Daraa insurgency continued.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26', 'event': 'a fighter of Al-Fatah al-Mubin was killed by a Syrian army sniper on the Kafr Ama frontline, in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09', 'event': 'two Syrian government soldiers, including a captain, were killed in the village of Dadikh on the Idlib frontline, after HTS forces launched a sniping operation in the area.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18', 'event': 'a reconciled rebel was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the town of Al-Karak, Daraa.'}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '04-15', 'event': 'during the early hours of the morning, Israeli jets carried out airstrikes on several buildings near Damascus, causing material damage only.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15', 'event': 'a militant of Ansar al-Islam blew himself up in a suicide attack aimed at destroying Syrian army positions near the village of Sirmaniyah, Hama.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15', 'event': 'One Syrian soldier was killed and 4 others were wounded in the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '04-16', 'event': 'two SDF fighters were shot dead in the al-Jasym countryside, north of Deir ez-Zor, by ISIS gunmen who were riding a motorbike.'}, {'timestamp': '04-17', 'event': "Islamic State spokesman, Abu Umar al-Mujahid, announced the beginning of the 'Vengeance for two Sheikhs' campaign against enemy combatants in Syria."}, {'timestamp': '04-17', 'event': 'ISIS insurgents ambushed a Syrian military vehicle near Al-Ghanem Al-Ola village east of Al-Raqqa, killing one Syrian soldier and injuring another.'}, {'timestamp': '04-17', 'event': 'Turkish forces shelled the village of Tell Shinan, near Tell Tamer, killing one SDF fighter.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18', 'event': "the head of the Syrian Turkmen 'Ahfad Al-Qarah Kaji' organisation, backed by the Government of Turkey, was killed in an IED explosion in the town of Qabasin."}, {'timestamp': '04-18', 'event': 'a SNA fighter was killed after SDF forces shelled an area on the Euphrates river near Jarablus.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18', 'event': "a fighter of the opposition Mu'tasim Division was killed in internal clashes in Afrin."}, {'timestamp': '04-19', 'event': 'three Syrian soldiers were killed and three others were injured after a landmine, planted by ISIL militants, exploded near Jabal al-Bilas, in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was shot dead by insurgents in the town of Inkhil, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '04-20', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were killed after a remnant ISIS landmine exploded after their military vehicle drove over it in the Al-Masrab desert in the Raqqa countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '04-20', 'event': '3 SDF fighters were killed after a Turkish drone bombed a military vehicle of the SDF on the Aidiq-Takhtak road near Kobanî.'}, {'timestamp': '04-21', 'event': 'two SDF fighters were killed after ISIL militants attacked an SDF checkpoint near the village of Al-Sajr, north of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '04-21', 'event': 'a Syrian Army lieutenant was killed by an opposition sniper on the al-kabinah frontline in the Latakia countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '04-22', 'event': 'six opposition fighters and two civilians were killed and ten others were injured in internal clashes in the city of Ras al-Ayn.'}, {'timestamp': '04-22', 'event': "a Turkish soldier was killed after a Turkish military vehicle was shelled in the city of Mare', north of Aleppo."}, {'timestamp': '04-22', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were killed and 6 others were injured after ISIS gunmen attacked a Syrian army post in the Bir Rahum area, in the Raqqa desert.'}, {'timestamp': '04-23', 'event': 'two Asayish fighters were shot dead by suspected ISIS militants in the village of al-Shahabat, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '04-24', 'event': 'suspected ISIS militants attacked an SDF checkpoint in the village of Hariza, near Al-Busayrah, killing one SDF fighter and injuring another.'}, {'timestamp': '04-25', 'event': 'two Syrian army soldiers were killed and ten others were injured after ISIS militants attacked Syrian army and militia positions near the al-Kharatah oil field in the western Deir ez-Zor desert.'}, {'timestamp': '04-25', 'event': 'an ex-SDF officer was found dead after being shot by suspected ISIS militants in the Haraqat area near Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '04-25', 'event': 'three Syrian soldiers were killed in clashes with ISIS fighters near Jebel Bishri in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26', 'event': 'an SNA fighter was killed after being shot by a Kurdish sniper in the village of al-Tuways, north of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27', 'event': 'Israeli warplanes carried out airstrikes against an ammunition depot near Damascus, killing 9 people, including 5 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '04-27', 'event': '7 people were shot dead and 4 others were injured after ISIS militants conducted a massacre in the house of the chief of the relations office of Deir ez-Zor Civil Council in the town of Abu Khashab.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30', 'event': "four militiamen of Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada were killed and six others were injured after ISIS militants ambushed their patrol near Ark village, on the highway between Palmyra and Deir ez-Zor in the Syrian desert."}, {'timestamp': '04-30', 'event': 'an SDF fighter of the Deir ez-Zor Military Council was shot dead by ISIS gunmen who attacked an SDF checkpoint on a motorcycle near Al-Tikihi village, east of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30', 'event': "three fighters of the Al-Hamza Division were killed in an infiltration attempt by Kurdish 'Tahrir Afrin' fighters."}, {'timestamp': '04-30', 'event': 'unidentified gunmen shot dead a Syrian soldier in the city of Al-Hirak, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01', 'event': 'a civilian was shot dead by Levant Front militants in the village of Arab Wiran, near Afrin.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01', 'event': "the head of the Turkish-backed 'Rawdat Al-Rayyana' organisation and former fighter of Ahrar al-Sham was killed in an IED explosion in the city of Jarablus."}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier died of his wounds after he was shot by unidentified gunmen earlier that day on a highroad near Jasim, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-02-2023', 'event': 'a civilian was shot dead by opposition Suqour al-Sham militants in Qazal Basha village in the countryside near Afrin.'}, {'timestamp': '05-03-2023', 'event': 'a SDF fighter was shot dead in the town of Diban by ISIS gunmen.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of Ahrar al-Sharqiya was killed in an internal clash in the village of Al-Raqiya, west of Ras al-Ayn.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2023', 'event': 'a Turkish soldier was killed in the village of Kimar after Kurdish forces shelled a Turkish military vehicle in the area.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2023', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's Military Intelligence Directorate was shot dead by gunmen in his house in Saida, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2023', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's 15th Division was shot dead on the Nahj-Kharab al shahm road west of Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2023', 'event': 'ISIS militants attacked a Syrian Military post in the Syrian desert, close to the border with Jordan and Iraq.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2023', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were killed after Turkish and Turkish-backed fighters shelled the villages of Ziyarah and Deir Jmal, in the Aleppo Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2023', 'event': "a man associated with the Syrian Army's Intelligence Directorate was shot dead by unidentified gunmen in the village of Al-Zaafaraniyah, Homs."}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2023', 'event': 'seven people, including a child, were killed in internal clashes between Pro-Assad Iranian-backed militiamen in Sayyidah Zaynab, Rif Dimashq Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '05-08-2023', 'event': 'six fighters of the National Front for Liberation were killed after Syrian Army forces fired a guided missile at opposition positions in Cairo village on the Al-Ghab frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '05-09-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of the Levant Front was killed after clashes broke out between rebel and Kurdish forces on the frontline at the village of Inab, Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '05-09-2023', 'event': 'three Syrian soldiers were killed by a remnant landmine, planted by ISIS, near Hamimah village in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11-2023', 'event': 'a civilian was killed after his car was targeted by a Turkish drone strike on a road near Kobanî.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11-2023', 'event': "a Levant Front fighter was killed on the frontlines at the city of Mare', after clashes broke out between opposition and Kurdish forces."}, {'timestamp': '05-11-2023', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was killed by tribal forces after an SDF patrol attempted to confiscate motorcycles from the tribesmen.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier of the 4th Armoured Division was shot dead by insurgents in the village of Al-Yadudah, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-12-2023', 'event': 'three Syrian soldiers were killed and two others were wounded by a remnant ISIS landmine near Salamiyah town in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2023', 'event': 'at least 10 Pro-Assad Shia militiamen were killed after opposition forces fired a guided missile at a Syrian military bus on the Qabtan Al-Jabal frontlines in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2023', 'event': 'opposition forces later shelled the town of Nubl, Aleppo, killing a child and injuring another.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of the Turkish-backed Glory Corps was found shot dead in the village of Mamily in the Afrin countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2023', 'event': 'Israeli warplanes conducted airstrikes on a Syrian military site in the city of Masyaf, Hama Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2023', 'event': 'six Syrian soldiers and a civilian were killed in the attack and several others were injured.'}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2023', 'event': 'two SDF fighters were killed in clashes with suspected ISIS fighters after SDF forces conducting raiding operations in the villages of Tawamiya, Harizah and Barshim in Deir Ezzor countryside, in search of weapons and wanted individuals.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '04-15', 'event': 'during the early hours of the morning, Israeli jets carried out airstrikes on several buildings near Damascus, causing material damage only.'}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '05-14-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian army officer was shot dead by ISIS cells in an attack on a Syrian army checkpoint at the al-Shahmy junction in the eastern Homs desert.'}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2023', 'event': 'ISIS cells also assassinated a Kurdish administrative official in the village of al-Hariji, north of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of Ahrar al-Sharqiya was shot dead by suspected ISIS militants in the town of Ras al-Ayn.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': 'two SNA fighters were killed after SDF forces fired a heat-seeker missile at their military vehicle in the northern al-Hasakah countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was killed after forces of Al-Fatah al-Mubin shelled Syrian army positions in the town of Kafr Nabl, Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': "two associates of the Syrian army's military security were shot dead by gunmen in the town of Tafas, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '05-16-2023', 'event': "two militiamen of the Ba'ath militia were killed in a double IED explosion in the village of Deir Khabiyah, Rif Dimashq."}, {'timestamp': '05-17-2023', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were shot dead by unknown gunmen near Saida, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-2023', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were killed and several others were injured after ISIS militants ambushed them near the Wadi Al-Zakara area of the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'three separate assassinations were conducted by insurgents in Daraa Governorate, leaving a civilian, an ex-Syrian army soldier and an associate of the Syrian military security branch dead.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'a Jihadist suicide bomber blew himself up after infiltrating a Syrian army position on the Jabal al-Akrad frontline, killing two Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'Israel launched a missile attack on a Syrian military position near Damascus International Airport, killing three Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2023', 'event': 'an insurgent was shot dead in a firefight with Syrian military forces in Daraa, after he was caught trying to plant an IED near a Syrian Government compound.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2023', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's 4th Division was also shot dead by gunmen near the city of Jasim, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2023', 'event': "the Jordanian Army killed four drug-smugglers on the border with Syria's As-Suwayda Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2023', 'event': "Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, announced that Turkish military forces were aiming to resume the creation of a 30km safe-zone on Turkey's southern border with Syria."}, {'timestamp': '05-24-2023', 'event': "ISIS militants executed a civilian from the town of Al-Zer, Dier ez-Zor, allegedly for 'carrying out robberies'."}, {'timestamp': '05-24-2023', 'event': 'two civilians were shot dead by insurgents near the city of Jasim, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2023', 'event': 'three tribal members of the Syrian National Army were killed in internal tribal clashes in the town of Ras al-Ayn.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2023', 'event': "two soldiers of the Syrian Army's 5th Division were shot dead by insurgents in Kiheel, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '05-27-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian army officer was killed and one of his escorts was injured after an IED exploded targeting their vehicle near Al-Shaykh Saad, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-2023', 'event': 'two civilians were shot and killed by unidentified gunmen near Al-Masifra, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2023', 'event': "two commanders of the Mu'tasim Division were killed after an IED exploded targeting their military vehicle south of Ras al-Ayn."}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2023', 'event': "following Turkish threats to launch a new military operation in Syria, Syrian National Army Captain, Abdul Salam Abdul Razak, announced that SNA officers had been ordered to 'take an offensive stance' and that 'There are thousands of fighters ready to participate alongside the Turkish military.'"}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2023', 'event': 'three reconciled rebels were shot dead in an ambush by insurgents on a road near Jasim, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2023', 'event': 'two people were killed and three others were injured in a Turkish drone strike in the Sikirka area, east of Qamishli city.'}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2023', 'event': 'at least three civilians were killed after Kurdish forces allegedly launched a rocket attack on the Turkish-held town of Tell Abyad.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of the Manbij Military Council was killed repelling an infiltration attempt by SNA forces near the village of Mahsanli, east of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of Ahrar al-Sham was killed by SAA rocket fire on the Jabal al-Akrad frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2023', 'event': 'at least four people were killed and at least twenty others were injured after Islamic State militants attacked a bus travelling in the Al-Shawla desert, south of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2023', 'event': 'two SDF fighters and a smuggler were killed after SDF forces launched an anti-smuggling operation in Abu Hamam, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2023', 'event': 'two militants of Jaysh Usud al-Sharqiya were killed by protestors in the town of Jindires, northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '06-05-2022', 'event': 'the leader of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Mazloum Abdi, said that Kurdish forces were willing to work with Syrian government forces to defend against Turkey, saying “Damascus should use its air defense systems against Turkish planes.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07-2022', 'event': 'two civilians were shot dead by unidentified gunmen in the town of Tafas, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian Army officer was blown up and killed by a remnant landmine near Al-Taim oil field in the Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2022', 'event': "the Syrian National Army assigned recently formed military councils of the cities of Tel Rifaat and Manbij, to 'liberate them from Kurdish separatists'."}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2022', 'event': 'a man was killed in a airdrop raid by SDF and Coalition forces in the village of al-Atallah, south of Al-Hasakah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2022', 'event': 'Pro-Assad militiaman was killed and another was injured in an IED explosion in the town of Tell Shihab, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2022', 'event': 'eleven farmworkers were killed after a landmine exploded underneath their car in the village of Deir al-Adas, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2022', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was shot dead in the town of Al-Busayrah, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2022', 'event': 'an SDF commander was shot dead by two ISIS insurgents in the town of Al-Busayrah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian Army engineer was killed whilst trying to dismantle an IED near Beit Jinn, Rif Dimashq.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2022', 'event': '4 Syrian soldiers, including an officer, were killed in an attack by unidentified gunmen on a Syrian Army checkpoint near the town of Talbiseh.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was shot dead by unidentified gunmen on the highway between Qorkas and Al-Qosaiba, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2022', 'event': 'two Asayish fighters were killed in clashes with smugglers in the village of Qarmagh, near Kobanî.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2022', 'event': 'three members of the Al-Amshat division, operating as part of the SNA, along with another tribal SNA member, were killed in internal clashes in the Mount Simeon area, near Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2022', 'event': 'three fighters of the Sham Legion and a fighter of HTS were killed after Syrian forces shelled their positions on the Saraqib area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2022', 'event': "a commander of the Syrian Army's security branch was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the town of Al-Jiza, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '06-16-2022', 'event': 'at least 3 Syrian soldiers were killed and six others were injured after ISIS militants ambushed a Syrian military bus in the Syrian desert, close to the Al-Tanf area.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16-2022', 'event': 'a fighter of HTS was shot dead by forces of the Syrian Army on the Ftireh area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': '5 Liwa al-Quds militiamen were killed after ISIS militants ambushed their military vehicle near Ark village, in the Al-Sukhnah desert.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was shot dead by ISIS gunmen in the town of Al-Busayrah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-2022', 'event': '4 Turkish-backed opposition fighters and three civilians were killed in internal clashes in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-2022', 'event': '4 Syrian soldiers, including an officer, were killed after militants of Jaysh al-Nasr launched an attack on Syrian Army positions in Al-Fatatrah in the Al-Ghab Plain area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '06-19-2022', 'event': 'an opposition fighter was shot dead by a Syrian army sniper in the Al-Tuffahiyah area of the Idlib frontline.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '05-30-2023', 'event': 'two people were killed and three others were injured in a Turkish drone strike in the Sikirka area, east of Qamishli city.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2023', 'event': "a soldier of the Syrian Army's 4th Division was also shot dead by gunmen near the city of Jasim, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '06-01-2023', 'event': 'at least three civilians were killed after Kurdish forces allegedly launched a rocket attack on the Turkish-held town of Tell Abyad.'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-2023', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were killed and several others were injured after ISIS militants ambushed them near the Wadi Al-Zakara area of the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2023', 'event': 'at least four people were killed and at least twenty others were injured after Islamic State militants attacked a bus travelling in the Al-Shawla desert, south of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2022', 'event': 'three fighters of the Sham Legion and a fighter of HTS were killed after Syrian forces shelled their positions on the Saraqib area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '05-27-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian army officer was killed and one of his escorts was injured after an IED exploded targeting their vehicle near Al-Shaykh Saad, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-2022', 'event': '4 Turkish-backed opposition fighters and three civilians were killed in internal clashes in the western Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': 'two SNA fighters were killed after SDF forces fired a heat-seeker missile at their military vehicle in the northern al-Hasakah countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2023', 'event': 'two SDF fighters and a smuggler were killed after SDF forces launched an anti-smuggling operation in Abu Hamam, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian Army officer was blown up and killed by a remnant landmine near Al-Taim oil field in the Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of the Manbij Military Council was killed repelling an infiltration attempt by SNA forces near the village of Mahsanli, east of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '05-16-2023', 'event': "two militiamen of the Ba'ath militia were killed in a double IED explosion in the village of Deir Khabiyah, Rif Dimashq."}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was killed after forces of Al-Fatah al-Mubin shelled Syrian army positions in the town of Kafr Nabl, Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07-2022', 'event': 'two civilians were shot dead by unidentified gunmen in the town of Tafas, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2022', 'event': 'eleven farmworkers were killed after a landmine exploded underneath their car in the village of Deir al-Adas, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2023', 'event': "Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, announced that Turkish military forces were aiming to resume the creation of a 30km safe-zone on Turkey's southern border with Syria."}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2022', 'event': 'a man was killed in a airdrop raid by SDF and Coalition forces in the village of al-Atallah, south of Al-Hasakah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was shot dead by ISIS gunmen in the town of Al-Busayrah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2022', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was shot dead in the town of Al-Busayrah, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16-2022', 'event': 'a fighter of HTS was shot dead by forces of the Syrian Army on the Ftireh area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2022', 'event': "the Syrian National Army assigned recently formed military councils of the cities of Tel Rifaat and Manbij, to 'liberate them from Kurdish separatists'."}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2023', 'event': 'a Syrian army officer was shot dead by ISIS cells in an attack on a Syrian army checkpoint at the al-Shahmy junction in the eastern Homs desert.'}, {'timestamp': '05-28-2023', 'event': 'two civilians were shot and killed by unidentified gunmen near Al-Masifra, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-16-2022', 'event': 'at least 3 Syrian soldiers were killed and six others were injured after ISIS militants ambushed a Syrian military bus in the Syrian desert, close to the Al-Tanf area.'}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2023', 'event': 'ISIS cells also assassinated a Kurdish administrative official in the village of al-Hariji, north of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '06-05-2022', 'event': 'the leader of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Mazloum Abdi, said that Kurdish forces were willing to work with Syrian government forces to defend against Turkey, saying “Damascus should use its air defense systems against Turkish planes.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2023', 'event': "the Jordanian Army killed four drug-smugglers on the border with Syria's As-Suwayda Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian Army engineer was killed whilst trying to dismantle an IED near Beit Jinn, Rif Dimashq.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2022', 'event': '4 Syrian soldiers, including an officer, were killed in an attack by unidentified gunmen on a Syrian Army checkpoint near the town of Talbiseh.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2022', 'event': 'three members of the Al-Amshat division, operating as part of the SNA, along with another tribal SNA member, were killed in internal clashes in the Mount Simeon area, near Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': "two associates of the Syrian army's military security were shot dead by gunmen in the town of Tafas, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '05-17-2023', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were shot dead by unknown gunmen near Saida, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2022', 'event': '5 Liwa al-Quds militiamen were killed after ISIS militants ambushed their military vehicle near Ark village, in the Al-Sukhnah desert.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2023', 'event': 'three tribal members of the Syrian National Army were killed in internal tribal clashes in the town of Ras al-Ayn.'}, {'timestamp': '06-02-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of Ahrar al-Sham was killed by SAA rocket fire on the Jabal al-Akrad frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '05-24-2023', 'event': 'two civilians were shot dead by insurgents near the city of Jasim, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-2022', 'event': '4 Syrian soldiers, including an officer, were killed after militants of Jaysh al-Nasr launched an attack on Syrian Army positions in Al-Fatatrah in the Al-Ghab Plain area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '06-09-2022', 'event': 'Pro-Assad militiaman was killed and another was injured in an IED explosion in the town of Tell Shihab, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2022', 'event': 'two Asayish fighters were killed in clashes with smugglers in the village of Qarmagh, near Kobanî.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'three separate assassinations were conducted by insurgents in Daraa Governorate, leaving a civilian, an ex-Syrian army soldier and an associate of the Syrian military security branch dead.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2023', 'event': 'an insurgent was shot dead in a firefight with Syrian military forces in Daraa, after he was caught trying to plant an IED near a Syrian Government compound.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'Israel launched a missile attack on a Syrian military position near Damascus International Airport, killing three Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2023', 'event': "following Turkish threats to launch a new military operation in Syria, Syrian National Army Captain, Abdul Salam Abdul Razak, announced that SNA officers had been ordered to 'take an offensive stance' and that 'There are thousands of fighters ready to participate alongside the Turkish military.'"}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2023', 'event': 'a fighter of Ahrar al-Sharqiya was shot dead by suspected ISIS militants in the town of Ras al-Ayn.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2023', 'event': 'three reconciled rebels were shot dead in an ambush by insurgents on a road near Jasim, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-24-2023', 'event': "ISIS militants executed a civilian from the town of Al-Zer, Dier ez-Zor, allegedly for 'carrying out robberies'."}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'a Jihadist suicide bomber blew himself up after infiltrating a Syrian army position on the Jabal al-Akrad frontline, killing two Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2022', 'event': "a commander of the Syrian Army's security branch was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the town of Al-Jiza, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2022', 'event': 'an SDF commander was shot dead by two ISIS insurgents in the town of Al-Busayrah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was shot dead by unidentified gunmen on the highway between Qorkas and Al-Qosaiba, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '05-29-2023', 'event': "two commanders of the Mu'tasim Division were killed after an IED exploded targeting their military vehicle south of Ras al-Ayn."}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2023', 'event': 'two militants of Jaysh Usud al-Sharqiya were killed by protestors in the town of Jindires, northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '06-19-2022', 'event': 'an opposition fighter was shot dead by a Syrian army sniper in the Al-Tuffahiyah area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2023', 'event': "two soldiers of the Syrian Army's 5th Division were shot dead by insurgents in Kiheel, Daraa."}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '06-20-2022', 'event': '11 Syrian soldiers and two bus drivers were killed in an ambush by ISIS militants, targeting Syrian Army buses transporting soldiers on the highway in the Al-Jira area, between the cities of Homs and Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-21-2022', 'event': 'two Syrian government soldiers were blown up and killed in an IED explosion near the village of Jamla and four pro-government fighters were killed and four others wounded in an ambush by ISIL fighters east of the Al-Dumayr Military Airport; some of the casualties were from the National Defence Forces militia.'}, {'timestamp': '06-21-2022', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was shot dead by suspected ISIS insurgents at Al-Asadiyah farm, north of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-22-2022', 'event': 'a government convoy was attacked by machine-gun fire near the town of Dumayr, northeast of Damascus, and a militant of Al-Fatah al-Mubin was reportedly blown up and killed by a landmine in the village of Tell Afis on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '06-23-2022', 'event': 'nine pro-government fighters and seven ISIL fighters were killed in the on-going clashes in Northeastern Syria, meaning a total of thirty pro-government fighters were killed in the four days.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-2022', 'event': 'six tribesmen were killed in internal tribal clashes in the village of Ghazila, south of Al-Qahtaniyah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-26-2022', 'event': 'two SDF operatives were killed and five others were injured after suspected ISIS militants opened fire on an SDF military vehicle near the village of Ali Agha near Al-Yaarubiyah.'}, {'timestamp': '06-26-2022', 'event': 'a civilian was shot dead by insurgents in the city of As-Suwayda, southern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2022', 'event': "five people, including a former secretary of the Ba'ath Party, were killed after gunmen raided a house in the city of Al-Sanamayn, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2022', 'event': 'three government soldiers were killed after being shot by insurgents on a road near Jasim, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '06-29-2022', 'event': 'nine fighters of the Sham Legion were killed after Syrian Army forces fired a heat seeker missile at their position on the Basfoun frontline, west of Aleppo, on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian Arab Army soldier was shot dead by an SNA sniper near Ayn Issa, north of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2022', 'event': '4 SDF fighters, including a commander, were killed in an IED explosion whilst travelling between military checkpoints between Ayn Issa and Tel Al-Samen.'}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2022', 'event': 'a civilian was killed by Turkish shelling in the village of Jarad near Manbij, northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian government soldier was killed and 3 others were abducted by gunmen during an armed attack on Syrian military checkpoint near As-Suwayda, southern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2022', 'event': '3 cousins were killed after being shot over a land dispute near Manbij.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2022', 'event': "2 soldiers of the Syrian Army's Military Security branch were shot dead by gunmen in the town of Abtaa, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2022', 'event': '2 ISIL affiliates were killed in an SDF-backed Coalition airdrop operation on a house in the village of al-Zer, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers were killed and 8 others were injured after NFL forces fired a rocket targeting a Syrian Army truck on the Anjara frontline, west of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2022', 'event': 'a civilian was killed and three others were injured after Turkish artillery bombarded the village of Al-Houshan, west of Ayn Issa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-04-2022', 'event': 'a civilian was also killed and 2 others were injured by Syrian Army bombardment in the village of Maaret Elnaasan, Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '07-05-2022', 'event': "soldiers of the Syrian Army's 8th Brigade were targeted by gunmen on the Al-Ghariyah Al-Sharqiyyah-Al-Misifrah road, Daraa. The attack left one Syrian soldier killed and 3 others wounded."}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2022', 'event': "2 Syrian soldiers were killed and 2 others were wounded after an IED exploded on a road near the town of Da'el, Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2022', 'event': '4 civilians of the same family, including 2 children, were shot dead by unknown gunmen in their house in Nasib, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2022', 'event': 'due to Turkish threats to invade Kurdish-held territories in northern Syria, Rojava declared a state of emergency.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2022', 'event': 'an opposition fighter was killed and 4 others were injured in a landmine explosion in Kansafra.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2022', 'event': 'a soldier of the Iranian IRGC was killed and 3 others were injured after a landmine, likely planted by ISIS cells, exploded under their military vehicle near the town of Mahin.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2022', 'event': 'a member of the Manbij Military Council was killed in a Turkish drone attack in the Al-A’rimah area near Manbij.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was shot dead by gunmen on a road on the outskirts of Al-Jabiliyah village in Quenitra countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-2022', 'event': 'A tribesman was killed and 2 others were wounded in tribal infighting in Sajo village, in the Azaz countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-2022', 'event': 'An SDF fighter was shot dead and another was injured after suspected ISIS members opened fire on an SDF military vehicle in Himar Al-Ali, near Al-Kasrah.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2022', 'event': 'A militant Al-Fateh al-Mubin was killed and 2 others were wounded after Syrian Army forces shelled Kafr Ammah on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2022', 'event': '2 SDF fighters were shot dead by ISIS militants in Zar village, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '07-11-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was shot dead by ISIS insurgents whilst combing the Homs desert.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-2022', 'event': 'Maher al-Agal - one of the top five ISIL commanders - and his escort were killed in an American drone-launched airstrike on their motorcycle in Ghaltan village, near Jindires.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-2022', 'event': 'A collaborator with Syrian military forces was shot dead in Nawa, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12-2022', 'event': 'A footballer was shot dead by suspected ISIS insurgents after they broke into a football stadium in the village of Al-Hawayej, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2022', 'event': '3 NDF militiamen were blown up and killed in a landmine explosion whilst patrolling farmland near the town of Al-Huwaiz, Hama.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2022', 'event': 'A commander of Suqour al-Sham was shot dead by gunmen near the town of Kamrouk in the Afrin countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2022', 'event': '2 civilians were killed and another was severely injured by a landmine explosion in the village of Khirbat Al-Manasir in the south Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was also shot dead by unidentified gunmen in the village of Al-Shaykh Maskin, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2022', 'event': 'Two militants of Ahrar al-Sharqiya were shot dead by unidentified gunmen in the village of Baruza, north of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian government soldier was killed by a landmine explosion in Halfaya, Hama.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2022', 'event': 'A child died of injuries he sustained a day prior following the explosion of a remnant landmine in the village of Qurtal, near Kobanî.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2022', 'event': 'The wife of a former opposition commander was killed and 6 of his family were wounded after an IED exploded at his house in Tafs, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2022', 'event': 'An SDF fighter was shot dead by ISIS gunmen in Al-Hajjah village in the northern Deir Ezzor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2022', 'event': 'A fighter of Jaysh al-Izza was killed by a landmine planted by Syrian Army forces on the Bara area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2022', 'event': '4 reconciled opposition fighters were shot dead in the western Daraa countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2022', 'event': 'A drug dealer was shot and killed by Syrian Army forces after they raided a house in Maaraba, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers were killed by an IED explosion whilst conducting combing operations in southern Deir ez-Zor desert.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2022', 'event': 'The leaders of Turkey, Russia and Iran met in Tehran. Erdoğan asked his peers to back Turkey’s anti-SDF incursion in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2022', 'event': 'A fighter of the Iraqi Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba was killed and several others were injured after ISIS militants attacked their military vehicle near Al-Kom and Al-Tabiya villages in eastern Homs countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian government soldier was killed in an infiltration attempt by opposition forces in the village of Al-Mahsanly, in the Manbij countryside.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '06-20-2022', 'event': '11 Syrian soldiers and two bus drivers were killed in an ambush by ISIS militants, targeting Syrian Army buses transporting soldiers on the highway in the Al-Jira area, between the cities of Homs and Raqqa.'}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '07-21-2022', 'event': '3 Syrian soldiers, including 2 officers, of the Ministry of the Interior were killed in an ambush by insurgents in the Gharz area, east of Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2022', 'event': 'An IED was also detonated when Syrian military reinforcements arrived, resulting in the injury of 2 other soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': 'Three government soldiers were killed and seven wounded in an Israeli missile attack on the outskirts of Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': '7 civilians, including 4 children, were killed in a Russian airstrike on the village of al-Jadidah near the city of Jisr ash-Shughur, Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': 'An opposition insurgent was killed in a shootout after Syrian Army forces raided a house in Al-Yadudah, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': '3 fighters of the YPJ were killed in a Turkish drone strike on their vehicle Qamishli and Al-Malkiyah in the Al-Hasakah Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': '2 militants of Ansar al-Tawhid were killed by Syrian Army bombardment on the Al-Fatera frontline in southern Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was killed and 3 others were injured after a rocket was fired from Kurdish-held areas on the village of Kuwait Al-Rahma in the Afrin countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-2022', 'event': '2 children were killed after a remnant landmine exploded at the Masraba Bridge in Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2022', 'event': '2 fighters of the Hajin Military Council died of wounds they sustained after a shootout with suspected smugglers in the town of Diban, Dier ez-Zzor.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2022', 'event': "A captain of the Syrian Army's 5th Division was killed in an IED explosion in the city of Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was killed in a landmine explosion in the town of Dabsy Afnan, west of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2022', 'event': '2 SDF fighters were killed in separate Turkish drone strikes in the northern countryside of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2022', 'event': '2 Turkish soldiers were killed by Syrian Army or Kurdish shelling on Kaljibrin town in Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2022', 'event': 'At least 17 gunmen were killed and over 40 were wounded in clashes between local militias in As-Suwayda Governorate in southern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was killed by Syrian Army artillery in the crossfire between Syrian forces and insurgents in the plains near Tafas, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2022', 'event': '2 civilians were shot dead by insurgents in Al-Sanamayn, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28-2022', 'event': '4 Asayish fighters were killed in a Turkish drone strike on their vehicle near Tel Al-Samn village in the northern countryside of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2022', 'event': 'An opposition fighter was killed by Syrian Army artillery fire on the village of Deir Sunbul on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2022', 'event': 'An SDF fighter was killed and 3 others were wounded during clashes with smugglers at a river crossing in Abu Hamam, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was shot dead by Al-Fatah al-Mubin militants on the Kafr Nabl frontline in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was blown up and killed by a remnant landmine in the Al-Maydan area of the Syrian Desert.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2022', 'event': 'A militant of Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) was killed and 5 others were injured after Syrian Army forces fired a AGTM at their vehicle on the Basufan frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2022', 'event': '2 SDF fighters were killed after insurgents opened fire on an SDF military vehicle and then fled on a motorbike in the village of Abriha, near Al-Busayrah, Deir ez-Zor. ISIS later claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2022', 'event': 'A member of the Tel Tamr military council was blown up in a Turkish drone strike in the village of Tel Jumah in the Al-Hasakah countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2022', 'event': '4 Syrian soldiers were killed after ISIS militants attacked their positions in the Al-Mahr area near Jahar area in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was shot dead by Turkish Border Guards whilst working on his land in Qoran village, in the Ayn al-Arab District.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2022', 'event': '2 civilians and a member of Syrian security forces were killed in clashes following a grenade attack in the Al-Maydan area of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was shot dead by insurgents in Tell Shihab, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was killed and a smuggler was injured in clashes on the Syria-Lebanon border near the Lebanese village of Al-Mashirfa, in the Qalamoun Mountains.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2022', 'event': "2 'Cadres' and 2 children were killed in a Turkish drone strike in the Al-Sina'a area of Qamishli city."}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2022', 'event': "3 Ansar al-Turkestan militants were killed after Syrian Army forces fired an AGTM at a militants' vehicle on the Al-Hakourah area in the Al-Ghab Plain on the Idlib frontline."}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2022', 'event': 'An SDF fighter was shot dead by ISIS insurgents in the town of Al-Shuhayl, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2022', 'event': '3 Uzbek jihadis were killed after carrying out an attack on Syrian Army positions in the town of Jobas, near Saraqib on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2022', 'event': '3 non-Syrian Iranian-backed Pro-Assad militiamen were killed and 4 others were injured after ISIS militants attacked their military checkpoint on the outskirts of Al-Sukhnah in the Homs desert.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2022', 'event': '4 people were killed in two Turkish drone strikes near a UN COVID-19 hospital in the vicinity of Qamishli.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2022', 'event': '2 SDF fighters were killed and 3 others were injured after ISIS cells opened fire on an SDF military vehicle in Al-Zer village, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2022', 'event': 'two SDF fighters, including a commander, and a civilian were killed in a Turkish drone strike in the village of Mala Sobat in the Qamishli countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2022', 'event': 'an NDF militiaman was found shot dead on the banks of the Euphrates River in the village of Al-Masrab, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2022', 'event': 'two SNA fighters were killed in internal clashes in the city of Ras al-Ayn, in the Hasakah countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2022', 'event': 'two fighters of the Syriac Military Council were killed by Turkish shelling in the town of Tell Tamer, north of Hasakah city.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian government soldier was shot dead by insurgents in Daraa city.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-2022', 'event': 'Israel carried out a series of airstrikes on targets in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-16-2022', 'event': 'two Turkish soldiers were killed by rocket fire originating from Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-19-2022', 'event': 'at least 14 civilians, including 5 children, were killed and 28 others are injured by a government rocket attack on a market in Al-Bab, Aleppo Governorate, Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20-2022', 'event': 'Turkey announced a thawing of relations with the Assad government, in a series of comments by the president.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22-2022', 'event': 'Russia carried out airstrikes on 13 communities in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-2022', 'event': 'U.S. President Joe Biden ordered airstrikes against Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Russia-linked groups in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2022', 'event': 'pro-Iranian militias executed a missile attack on the Conoco site and Green Village near al-Omar oil field which had injured three U.S. military service members.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25-2022', 'event': 'the United States conducted airstrikes with AC-130 gunships and Apache attack helicopters against Iranian-backed militia groups in Mayadin, Syria, killing at least three.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2022', 'event': "the Syrian British Consortium released a report detailing the government's responsibility for 700 killings in the town."}, {'timestamp': '08-28-2022', 'event': 'the SDF launched an operation targeting ISIL sleeper cells in al-Hol detention camp.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-2022', 'event': 'it was reported that a Canadian intelligence informant had been responsible for smuggling ISIL fighters, including Shamima Begum, from Turkey into Syria in 2015.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2022', 'event': 'diplomatic and intelligence sources told Reuters that Israel has intensified strikes on Syrian airports.'}, {'timestamp': '09-08-2022', 'event': 'seven civilians were killed and 15 others were injured by a Russian airstrike on a stone quarry near the village of Hafsarja in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2022', 'event': 'ISIL released footage of their fighters lining up six abducted SDF fighters against a wall and then executing them by shooting them near the village of Ruwaished, north of Deir ez-Zor.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-03-2022', 'event': '2 SDF fighters were killed after insurgents opened fire on an SDF military vehicle and then fled on a motorbike in the village of Abriha, near Al-Busayrah, Deir ez-Zor. ISIS later claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was killed in a landmine explosion in the town of Dabsy Afnan, west of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2022', 'event': '3 non-Syrian Iranian-backed Pro-Assad militiamen were killed and 4 others were injured after ISIS militants attacked their military checkpoint on the outskirts of Al-Sukhnah in the Homs desert.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2022', 'event': '2 civilians were shot dead by insurgents in Al-Sanamayn, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-2022', 'event': 'it was reported that a Canadian intelligence informant had been responsible for smuggling ISIL fighters, including Shamima Begum, from Turkey into Syria in 2015.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': 'An opposition insurgent was killed in a shootout after Syrian Army forces raided a house in Al-Yadudah, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23-2022', 'event': 'U.S. President Joe Biden ordered airstrikes against Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Russia-linked groups in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': 'Three government soldiers were killed and seven wounded in an Israeli missile attack on the outskirts of Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2022', 'event': 'A member of the Tel Tamr military council was blown up in a Turkish drone strike in the village of Tel Jumah in the Al-Hasakah countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14-2022', 'event': 'Israel carried out a series of airstrikes on targets in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2022', 'event': 'two fighters of the Syriac Military Council were killed by Turkish shelling in the town of Tell Tamer, north of Hasakah city.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was blown up and killed by a remnant landmine in the Al-Maydan area of the Syrian Desert.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2022', 'event': 'two SNA fighters were killed in internal clashes in the city of Ras al-Ayn, in the Hasakah countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20-2022', 'event': 'Turkey announced a thawing of relations with the Assad government, in a series of comments by the president.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03-2022', 'event': 'A militant of Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) was killed and 5 others were injured after Syrian Army forces fired a AGTM at their vehicle on the Basufan frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2022', 'event': '4 Syrian soldiers were killed after ISIS militants attacked their positions in the Al-Mahr area near Jahar area in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2022', 'event': 'An SDF fighter was shot dead by ISIS insurgents in the town of Al-Shuhayl, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2022', 'event': 'diplomatic and intelligence sources told Reuters that Israel has intensified strikes on Syrian airports.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2022', 'event': 'An opposition fighter was killed by Syrian Army artillery fire on the village of Deir Sunbul on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25-2022', 'event': 'the United States conducted airstrikes with AC-130 gunships and Apache attack helicopters against Iranian-backed militia groups in Mayadin, Syria, killing at least three.'}, {'timestamp': '09-08-2022', 'event': 'seven civilians were killed and 15 others were injured by a Russian airstrike on a stone quarry near the village of Hafsarja in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2022', 'event': '3 Uzbek jihadis were killed after carrying out an attack on Syrian Army positions in the town of Jobas, near Saraqib on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22-2022', 'event': 'Russia carried out airstrikes on 13 communities in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-2022', 'event': '2 children were killed after a remnant landmine exploded at the Masraba Bridge in Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was shot dead by Turkish Border Guards whilst working on his land in Qoran village, in the Ayn al-Arab District.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2022', 'event': '2 SDF fighters were killed and 3 others were injured after ISIS cells opened fire on an SDF military vehicle in Al-Zer village, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09-2022', 'event': '4 people were killed in two Turkish drone strikes near a UN COVID-19 hospital in the vicinity of Qamishli.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28-2022', 'event': '4 Asayish fighters were killed in a Turkish drone strike on their vehicle near Tel Al-Samn village in the northern countryside of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-28-2022', 'event': 'the SDF launched an operation targeting ISIL sleeper cells in al-Hol detention camp.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was killed and 3 others were injured after a rocket was fired from Kurdish-held areas on the village of Kuwait Al-Rahma in the Afrin countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2022', 'event': "the Syrian British Consortium released a report detailing the government's responsibility for 700 killings in the town."}, {'timestamp': '08-02-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was shot dead by Al-Fatah al-Mubin militants on the Kafr Nabl frontline in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian government soldier was shot dead by insurgents in Daraa city.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2022', 'event': 'pro-Iranian militias executed a missile attack on the Conoco site and Green Village near al-Omar oil field which had injured three U.S. military service members.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2022', 'event': 'ISIL released footage of their fighters lining up six abducted SDF fighters against a wall and then executing them by shooting them near the village of Ruwaished, north of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2022', 'event': "2 'Cadres' and 2 children were killed in a Turkish drone strike in the Al-Sina'a area of Qamishli city."}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2022', 'event': "A captain of the Syrian Army's 5th Division was killed in an IED explosion in the city of Daraa."}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was killed by Syrian Army artillery in the crossfire between Syrian forces and insurgents in the plains near Tafas, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2022', 'event': 'A civilian was shot dead by insurgents in Tell Shihab, Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2022', 'event': "3 Ansar al-Turkestan militants were killed after Syrian Army forces fired an AGTM at a militants' vehicle on the Al-Hakourah area in the Al-Ghab Plain on the Idlib frontline."}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': '3 fighters of the YPJ were killed in a Turkish drone strike on their vehicle Qamishli and Al-Malkiyah in the Al-Hasakah Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2022', 'event': 'an NDF militiaman was found shot dead on the banks of the Euphrates River in the village of Al-Masrab, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01-2022', 'event': 'An SDF fighter was killed and 3 others were wounded during clashes with smugglers at a river crossing in Abu Hamam, Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': '7 civilians, including 4 children, were killed in a Russian airstrike on the village of al-Jadidah near the city of Jisr ash-Shughur, Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '08-16-2022', 'event': 'two Turkish soldiers were killed by rocket fire originating from Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2022', 'event': '2 Turkish soldiers were killed by Syrian Army or Kurdish shelling on Kaljibrin town in Aleppo countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2022', 'event': '2 SDF fighters were killed in separate Turkish drone strikes in the northern countryside of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2022', 'event': '3 Syrian soldiers, including 2 officers, of the Ministry of the Interior were killed in an ambush by insurgents in the Gharz area, east of Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2022', 'event': 'An IED was also detonated when Syrian military reinforcements arrived, resulting in the injury of 2 other soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '08-19-2022', 'event': 'at least 14 civilians, including 5 children, were killed and 28 others are injured by a government rocket attack on a market in Al-Bab, Aleppo Governorate, Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2022', 'event': '2 civilians and a member of Syrian security forces were killed in clashes following a grenade attack in the Al-Maydan area of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2022', 'event': 'At least 17 gunmen were killed and over 40 were wounded in clashes between local militias in As-Suwayda Governorate in southern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2022', 'event': '2 fighters of the Hajin Military Council died of wounds they sustained after a shootout with suspected smugglers in the town of Diban, Dier ez-Zzor.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2022', 'event': 'A Syrian soldier was killed and a smuggler was injured in clashes on the Syria-Lebanon border near the Lebanese village of Al-Mashirfa, in the Qalamoun Mountains.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2022', 'event': 'two SDF fighters, including a commander, and a civilian were killed in a Turkish drone strike in the village of Mala Sobat in the Qamishli countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2022', 'event': '2 militants of Ansar al-Tawhid were killed by Syrian Army bombardment on the Al-Fatera frontline in southern Idlib.'}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '09-13-2022', 'event': 'four pro-Assad militiamen were killed and several others were injured in clashes with ISIS fighters in the desert near Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16-2022', 'event': 'five people, including three SDF police officers, were killed in a Turkish drone strike near a Syrian Army base in Ayn Issa.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17-2022', 'event': 'five government soldiers were killed by an Israeli airstrike on the Damascus International Airport.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-2022', 'event': 'Syrian Army forces shelled the town of Atarib near the frontline in the western Aleppo countryside, killing three fighters of Tahrir al-Sham.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian soldier was killed and two others were injured after an AGTM was fired at a Syrian Army post on the al-Malaga area of the southern Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '09-21-2022', 'event': 'three ISIS fighters were killed and another was captured after SDF forces foiled an attack on the al-Hawl prisoner camp in northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '09-22-2022', 'event': 'at least 89 mainly Syrian and Lebanese migrants drowned off the coast of Tartus after trying to sail to Europe from Lebanon.'}, {'timestamp': '09-22-2022', 'event': 'a Syrian government army post was attacked by ISIS militants near the village of Al-Saan, in the Hama desert, killing the government soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '09-25-2022', 'event': 'a military bus carrying Syrian government soldiers on the Al-Raqqah-Al-Salmiyah road in Hama governorate was attacked by ISIL fighters, killing two Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27-2022', 'event': 'two SDF fighters were killed in a Turkish drone strike on their car in the town of Al-Muabbada, in the al-Hasakah countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27-2022', 'event': 'the government said that two children were killed by Turkish shelling in the Abu Rasin area of Al-Hasakah Subdistrict, northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2022', 'event': 'at least five ISIS militants were killed in Russian airstrikes in the Syrian desert.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2022', 'event': "In October 2022, the United Nations called for a 'nationwide ceasefire' in Syria."}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2022', 'event': "suspected ISIS fighters targeted members of the Syrian regime's National Security forces east of Deir ez-Zor, killing 3 of them and injuring another 4."}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2022', 'event': 'a fighter of the Palestinian Liwa al-Quds was killed in clashes with suspected ISIS fighters in the Jebel Bishri area.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2022', 'event': 'two fighters of the opposition Sultan Murad Division were killed and 6 others were wounded in an SDF infiltration attempt on the outskirts of Al-Jatal village, Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2022', 'event': 'a pro-Assad Iranian-backed militiaman was killed by suspected ISIL sniper fire in the Mayadin desert.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2022', 'event': 'a suspected high ranking Islamic State militant by the name of Rakkan Wahid al-Shammri, Abu Hayil, was killed by American special forces during a raid in the village of Muluk Saray near Qamishli in the Al-Hasakah Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2022', 'event': "a helicopter raid killed two senior Islamic State leaders in Qamishli, including the Islamic State's deputy leader in Syria, Abu 'Ala, and Abu Mu'ad al-Qahtani, an official responsible for prisoner affairs."}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2022', 'event': 'an American drone strike killed a member of ISIS in the village of Hamam al-Turkman near Tell Abyad.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-2022', 'event': 'clashes began between Hayat Tahrir al-Sham and the Levant Front in the Aleppo governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '10-12-2022', 'event': 'clashes started between ISIS militants and SAA forces after ISIS fighters attacked Syrian military positions in the Al-Duweir region near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor. The clashes killed 9 Syrian soldiers, 3 ISIS fighters and 3 civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-2022', 'event': 'at least 18 Syrian military personnel were killed and 27 others were wounded after an explosion targeted a Syrian military bus in the Al-Sabboura area of the Rif Dimashq countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-2022', 'event': '4 Pro-Assad gunmen and 10 ISIS fighters were killed in clashes in the town of Jasim, Daraa. A senior Iraqi ISIS militant by the name of Abdulrahman al-Iraqi was killed in the fighting.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2022', 'event': 'at least six rebel fighters affiliated to Suqur Al-Sham were killed after Russian airstrikes targeted a military base between Azaz and Afrin.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2022', 'event': 'an ISIS suicide bomber blew himself up and 3 other ISIS members after the Syrian army launched a security operation in Jasim, Daraa, following clashes a few days before.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2022', 'event': '2 NDF militiamen were killed and 5 others were wounded after their vehicle drove over a mine in the al-Talahej area, east of Hama.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-2022', 'event': 'at least one Syrian soldier and one opposition fighter were killed during intense artillery duels on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '10-2022', 'event': "the United Nations called for a 'nationwide ceasefire' in Syria."}, {'timestamp': '10-2022', 'event': "The U.N. special envoy for Syria, Geir Pedersen, met with Syria's foreign minister in Damascus; afterwards, Pedersen said that Syria's economic situation is 'extremely difficult as close to 15 million people are in need for humanitarian assistance.'"}, {'timestamp': '10-28-2022', 'event': 'at least 3 people were killed in a suicide bombing in the city of Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '10-2022', 'event': 'the SOHR reported that 344 people were killed in Syria in October 2022.'}, {'timestamp': '11-2022', 'event': 'Between 31 October and 15 November, 16 ISIS fighters, 6 Pro-Assad militiamen and 6 civilians were killed in clashes in and around the city of Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '11-04-2022', 'event': 'a commander of the Liwa al-Quds militia was killed and several others were wounded after a mine was activated whilst searching for ISIS cells in the desert south of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '11-06-2022', 'event': 'Syrian government forces shelled a camp for the displaced in the rebel-held northwestern part of Idlib, killing 9 and wounding dozens.'}, {'timestamp': '11-05-2022', 'event': 'Between 5–7 November, 13 Syrian soldiers and 3 HTS fighters were killed in clashes on the Sahl al-Ghab area of the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '11-09-2022', 'event': '14 people, including some Iranian militiamen, were killed in an Israeli airstrike in the town of Abu Kamal near the border with Iraq.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers were killed and 3 others were wounded by 4 Israeli airstrikes on Shayrat Airbase in Homs.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13-2022', 'event': 'two Syrian soldiers were killed in an ISIS ambush after an IED was activated against their vehicle on the Homs-Palmyra road.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13-2022', 'event': "a bombing occurred in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district in Turkey, killing 6 and wounding 81. Turkish authorities announced they suspected the PKK and the Syrian PYD of carrying out the attack."}, {'timestamp': '11-19-2022', 'event': 'in the early hours of the morning, 4 Syrian soldiers were killed and another was injured in Israeli airstrikes on a Syrian military position on the Tartus coastline.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20-2022', 'event': 'Turkey launched Operation Claw-Sword in Syria and Iraq in response to the recent Istanbul bombing.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20-2022', 'event': '4 Syrian soldiers were killed in an ISIS ambush whilst patrolling the desert west of Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '11-22-2022', 'event': '5 civilians were killed and another 5 were wounded after rockets were launched into the city of Azaz in northern Syria. The rockets were likely fired by Kurdish forces as part of recent clashes between Rojava and Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '11-22-2022', 'event': 'an SDF fighter was shot dead in Al-Busayrah by ISIS insurgents.'}, {'timestamp': '11-27-2022', 'event': '4 drug smugglers were killed in clashes with the Jordanian army on the Syria-Jordan border near As-Suwayda.'}, {'timestamp': '11-29-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers were killed after ISIS forces ambushed and opened fire on their military vehicle at the T3 junction about 40 km east of Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '11-2022', 'event': 'at least 3 ISIS fighters were killed in Russian airstrikes.'}, {'timestamp': '11-2022', 'event': 'the SOHR reported 348 people were killed in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01-2022', 'event': 'clashes broke out between ISIS and Syrian Army forces in the desert near Palmyra, killing at least 3 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2022', 'event': 'First week of December was marked by the beginning of large-scale demonstrations in the southern Druze-majority city of Suweida; headquarters of Suweida governorate. Angry protestors chanted slogans against the Assad family; calling for the overthrow of the regime. The protests resulted in the death of one policeman and one protestor.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04-2022', 'event': "over 200 Druze protestors stormed and occupied the office of Suweyda's governor and burned portraits of Bashar al-Assad."}, {'timestamp': '12-06-2022', 'event': 'Turkey had set a deadline of 2 weeks for SDF forces to leave the areas of Manbij, Tell Rifat and Kobani and that a failure to do so would result in a new ground offensive as part of Operation Claw-Sword.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '09-13-2022', 'event': 'four pro-Assad militiamen were killed and several others were injured in clashes with ISIS fighters in the desert near Palmyra.'}]
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Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
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[{'timestamp': '12-06-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers and a fighter of HTS were killed in clashes on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-2022', 'event': '2 ISIS fighters and 9 Syrian militiamen, some of which were Afghan, were killed in clashes in the desert in the eastern Homs countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-2022', 'event': 'civilians found the body of an executed SDF fighter in the Al-Busayrah area.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-2022', 'event': "Syrian forces lost contact with a patrol of the 'Homeland Defence Forces', a militia within the Syrian Armed Forces, whilst they were combing the al-Tabani desert area for ISIS cells northwest of Deir ez-Zor."}, {'timestamp': '12-10-2022', 'event': 'an ISIS militant was killed and 3 Asayish fighters were wounded during a Kurdish-launched raid on a house in the city of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-11-2022', 'event': 'at least 2 Syrian soldiers were killed in an Inghimasi attack by Tahrir al-Sham militants on a Syrian Army position on the outskirts of the village of Dadikh on the Idlib frontline. The position was destroyed by HTS fighters after the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '12-11-2022', 'event': 'HTS forces attacked Syrian military positions at Al-Bayda village in the Turkmen mountains on the Latakia/Idlib frontline, killing 3 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12-2022', 'event': 'American forces launched a raid on a house in the village of Al-Zor in the eastern Deir ez-Zor desert.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12-2022', 'event': 'under the cover of fog, ISIS cells launched an attack on Syrian forces in the Al-Shula area, 30 km south of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-2022', 'event': 'following previous clashes, ISIS militants temporarily took control of the town of Al-Kawm for an entire day using the fog to their advantage.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': 'ISIS forces ambushed a convoy of the Syrian NDF militia on the Ithriya -Al-Raqqa road in the Hama desert.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': "the ambush began following the detonation of a landmine under the militiamen's car, killing 3 NDF fighters immediately."}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': 'Brief clashes took place between ISIS forces and the militiamen, another 2 NDF fighters were killed in the clashes.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': 'Syrian forces discovered and confiscated a large ISIS weapons cache in the Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'at least 3 Syrian soldiers were killed in a HTS infiltration on Syrian positions near the village of Arbikh near Taftanaz, north of Saraqib on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'HTS released footage of the attack the same day.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'HTS also launched a similar infiltration offensive on a Syrian military position in the town of Qubtan Al-Jabal in the western Aleppo countryside, killing at least 3 Syrian soldiers and then blowing up the building Syrian forces had been occupying.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'Footage of the attack was released by HTS.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2022', 'event': 'a mine planted by suspected ISIS militants was detonated targeting forces of the Syrian army in the desert around Mayadin.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2022', 'event': '6 Syrian soldiers were killed in the explosion.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2022', 'event': 'a British drone targeted with 2 missiles and destroyed the house of Basa’ Ahmed al-Sawadi in al-Bab, who is suspected to be in charge of sabotage or finances in ISIS’s Syria Province.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2022', 'event': 'suspected ISIL gunmen on a motorcycle shot at a Syrian army vehicle in the Homs desert region, killing 2 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers were wounded after an Israeli airstrike on an alleged Hezbollah position near Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-2022', 'event': "as part of HTS's new Idlib campaign, 7 Syrian soldiers and 3 HTS fighters were killed in clashes on the Idlib frontline."}, {'timestamp': '12-25-2022', 'event': '6 fighters of the National Front for Liberation were killed after Syrian army and Kurdish forces advanced on the village of Burj Haider in the Afrin countryside, capturing some positions from the militants.'}, {'timestamp': '12-25-2022', 'event': 'ISIS released a video showing a gun execution of 2 captured Syrian army soldiers in the Al-Rasafah desert region south of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'five men, two of whom were wearing explosive belts, attacked several SDF facilities in Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'During the clashes, one of the suicide bombers exploded, killing six people.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'Of the six killed, three were SDF soldiers, and the other three were Asayish policemen.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'SDF commander Mazloum Abdi reported that there were an unspecified number of wounded, although it was later revealed ten were injured.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': "3 Syrian National Army fighters were killed by in a heat-seeking ATGM fired by Syrian Army forces on the Mare' frontline, north of Aleppo."}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'the SDF announced that they were launching an offensive against ISIS, called Operation al-Jazeera Thunderbolt.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'US forces would also be involved in coordinating the offensive.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'ISIS also conducted attacks afterwards in the Deir ez-Zor area, and the SDF also claimed to have countered some of these attacks.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'at least 12 civilian oil workers were killed after ISIS militants detonated an IED targeting and destroying a bus of workers in the al-Taim oilfield in the Deir ez-Zor desert.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': '5 Syrian soldiers and a NDF militiaman were killed after Islamic State operatives raided a Syrian military position in the desert near Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '12-30-2022', 'event': '4 Pro-Assad militiamen were killed by a landmine explosion, likely planted by ISIS militants, during combing operations in the Al-Rasafah desert south of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2022', 'event': 'At least 7 ISIS militants were killed in Russian airstrikes in December 2022.'}, {'timestamp': '2022', 'event': 'As per ACLED, at least 5,642 people were killed by the war in Syria during 2022.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '12-10-2022', 'event': 'an ISIS militant was killed and 3 Asayish fighters were wounded during a Kurdish-launched raid on a house in the city of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2022', 'event': 'suspected ISIL gunmen on a motorcycle shot at a Syrian army vehicle in the Homs desert region, killing 2 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': 'Brief clashes took place between ISIS forces and the militiamen, another 2 NDF fighters were killed in the clashes.'}, {'timestamp': '2022', 'event': 'As per ACLED, at least 5,642 people were killed by the war in Syria during 2022.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-2022', 'event': 'civilians found the body of an executed SDF fighter in the Al-Busayrah area.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'HTS released footage of the attack the same day.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12-2022', 'event': 'American forces launched a raid on a house in the village of Al-Zor in the eastern Deir ez-Zor desert.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'HTS also launched a similar infiltration offensive on a Syrian military position in the town of Qubtan Al-Jabal in the western Aleppo countryside, killing at least 3 Syrian soldiers and then blowing up the building Syrian forces had been occupying.'}, {'timestamp': '12-11-2022', 'event': 'HTS forces attacked Syrian military positions at Al-Bayda village in the Turkmen mountains on the Latakia/Idlib frontline, killing 3 Syrian soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '12-25-2022', 'event': '6 fighters of the National Front for Liberation were killed after Syrian army and Kurdish forces advanced on the village of Burj Haider in the Afrin countryside, capturing some positions from the militants.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'During the clashes, one of the suicide bombers exploded, killing six people.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-2022', 'event': "as part of HTS's new Idlib campaign, 7 Syrian soldiers and 3 HTS fighters were killed in clashes on the Idlib frontline."}, {'timestamp': '12-25-2022', 'event': 'ISIS released a video showing a gun execution of 2 captured Syrian army soldiers in the Al-Rasafah desert region south of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'at least 3 Syrian soldiers were killed in a HTS infiltration on Syrian positions near the village of Arbikh near Taftanaz, north of Saraqib on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': '5 Syrian soldiers and a NDF militiaman were killed after Islamic State operatives raided a Syrian military position in the desert near Palmyra.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'SDF commander Mazloum Abdi reported that there were an unspecified number of wounded, although it was later revealed ten were injured.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers and a fighter of HTS were killed in clashes on the Idlib frontline.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'at least 12 civilian oil workers were killed after ISIS militants detonated an IED targeting and destroying a bus of workers in the al-Taim oilfield in the Deir ez-Zor desert.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2022', 'event': 'Footage of the attack was released by HTS.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-2022', 'event': "Syrian forces lost contact with a patrol of the 'Homeland Defence Forces', a militia within the Syrian Armed Forces, whilst they were combing the al-Tabani desert area for ISIS cells northwest of Deir ez-Zor."}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2022', 'event': '6 Syrian soldiers were killed in the explosion.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2022', 'event': 'a mine planted by suspected ISIS militants was detonated targeting forces of the Syrian army in the desert around Mayadin.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12-2022', 'event': 'under the cover of fog, ISIS cells launched an attack on Syrian forces in the Al-Shula area, 30 km south of Deir ez-Zor.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': "3 Syrian National Army fighters were killed by in a heat-seeking ATGM fired by Syrian Army forces on the Mare' frontline, north of Aleppo."}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'five men, two of whom were wearing explosive belts, attacked several SDF facilities in Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-2022', 'event': '2 ISIS fighters and 9 Syrian militiamen, some of which were Afghan, were killed in clashes in the desert in the eastern Homs countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13-2022', 'event': 'following previous clashes, ISIS militants temporarily took control of the town of Al-Kawm for an entire day using the fog to their advantage.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': 'ISIS forces ambushed a convoy of the Syrian NDF militia on the Ithriya -Al-Raqqa road in the Hama desert.'}, {'timestamp': '12-30-2022', 'event': '4 Pro-Assad militiamen were killed by a landmine explosion, likely planted by ISIS militants, during combing operations in the Al-Rasafah desert south of Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2022', 'event': '2 Syrian soldiers were wounded after an Israeli airstrike on an alleged Hezbollah position near Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2022', 'event': 'At least 7 ISIS militants were killed in Russian airstrikes in December 2022.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': "the ambush began following the detonation of a landmine under the militiamen's car, killing 3 NDF fighters immediately."}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'the SDF announced that they were launching an offensive against ISIS, called Operation al-Jazeera Thunderbolt.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2022', 'event': 'Of the six killed, three were SDF soldiers, and the other three were Asayish policemen.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'ISIS also conducted attacks afterwards in the Deir ez-Zor area, and the SDF also claimed to have countered some of these attacks.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2022', 'event': 'US forces would also be involved in coordinating the offensive.'}, {'timestamp': '12-11-2022', 'event': 'at least 2 Syrian soldiers were killed in an Inghimasi attack by Tahrir al-Sham militants on a Syrian Army position on the outskirts of the village of Dadikh on the Idlib frontline. The position was destroyed by HTS fighters after the attack.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2022', 'event': 'Syrian forces discovered and confiscated a large ISIS weapons cache in the Deir ez-Zor countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2022', 'event': 'a British drone targeted with 2 missiles and destroyed the house of Basa’ Ahmed al-Sawadi in al-Bab, who is suspected to be in charge of sabotage or finances in ISIS’s Syria Province.'}]
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Timeline of sociology (1810s)
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[{'timestamp': '1813', 'event': "Henri de Saint-Simon's Physiologie sociale is published."}, {'timestamp': '1816', 'event': "Philosopher G. W. F. Hegel's Science of Logic is published."}, {'timestamp': '02-18-1816', 'event': 'Maurice Block (February 18, 1816 – January, 9 1901)'}, {'timestamp': '02-28-1816', 'event': 'John Woolley (February 28, 1816 – January 11, 1866)'}, {'timestamp': '04-21-1816', 'event': 'Charlotte Brontë (April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855)'}, {'timestamp': '04-22-1816', 'event': 'Philip James Bailey (April 22, 1816 – September 6, 1902)'}, {'timestamp': '06-1816', 'event': 'Grace Aguilar (June 1816 – September 16, 1847)'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-1816', 'event': 'Sir John Brown (December 6, 1816 – December 27, 1896)'}, {'timestamp': '12-12-1816', 'event': 'Samuel Hood (December 12, 1724 – January 27, 1816)'}, {'timestamp': '10-30-1816', 'event': 'Richard Brinsley Sheridan (October 30, 1751 – July 7, 1816)'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-1816', 'event': 'Gavriil Derzhavin (July 14, 1743 – July 20, 1816)'}, {'timestamp': '1817', 'event': "David Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy and Taxation is published."}, {'timestamp': '1817', 'event': "Henri de Saint-Simon's L'Industrie is started."}, {'timestamp': '1818', 'event': "Louis-Gabriel de Bonald's Recherches philosophiques sur les premiers objets des connaissances morales is published."}, {'timestamp': '05-05-1818', 'event': 'Karl Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883)'}, {'timestamp': '1819', 'event': "Henri de Saint-Simon's L'Organisateur is published. (writing aided by Auguste Comte and Augustin Thierry)."}]
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[{'timestamp': '1813', 'event': "Henri de Saint-Simon's Physiologie sociale is published."}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)
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[{'timestamp': '02-27-2020', 'event': 'Authorities confirm the first case of coronavirus in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Assembly reduces its workload by suspending all non-essential Assembly business. It is closed to the public from the following day.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2020', 'event': 'The first COVID-19 death is confirmed in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-2020', 'event': "With the UK death toll hitting 335 deaths and 3 in Northern Ireland, Boris Johnson announces a nationwide 'Stay at Home' order which will come into effect as of midnight and will be reviewed every 3 weeks. This becomes known as the UK lockdown."}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2020', 'event': "At 11pm, new regulations come into force in Northern Ireland giving authorities the power to force businesses to close, and impose fines on them if they refuse, as well as on people leaving their homes without a 'reasonable excuse'. The measures, introduced by the Northern Ireland Executive, bring Northern Ireland into line with the rest of the UK."}, {'timestamp': '04-06-2020', 'event': 'The Orange Lodge of Ireland announces that the traditional Twelfth of July parades in Northern Ireland have been cancelled for 2020.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Assembly establishes a COVID-19 Response Committees.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11-2020', 'event': 'Occupancy of critical care beds in England peaks at around 58% of capacity. Occupancy in the month of April for Scotland and Wales will only briefly exceed 40%, while Northern Ireland reported a peak of 51% early in the month.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2020', 'event': 'Arlene Foster, the First Minister of Northern Ireland, extends the period of lockdown in Northern Ireland to 9 May.'}, {'timestamp': '04-24-2020', 'event': 'UK Transport Secretary Grant Shapps announces bilateral discussions with the Irish and French governments to safeguard freight routes, and with the Northern Ireland Executive regarding support for passenger flights. Funding is to be provided to support ferry routes to Northern Ireland, the Isle of Wight and the Isles of Scilly.'}, {'timestamp': '04-24-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to reopen cemeteries in Northern Ireland following public pressure; they had been closed since March.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10-2020', 'event': "The UK government updates its coronavirus message from 'stay at home, protect the NHS, save lives' to 'stay alert, control the virus, save lives'. The Opposition Labour Party expresses concern the slogan could be confusing, and leaders of the devolved governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland say they will keep the original slogan."}, {'timestamp': '05-12-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive publishes a five-stage plan for exiting lockdown. Unlike those announced in England and the Republic of Ireland, the plans do not include any dates when steps may be taken.'}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland First Minister Arlene Foster announces the first steps for easing the lockdown in Northern Ireland, with garden centres and recycling centres allowed to reopen from Monday 18 May. Marriage ceremonies where a person is terminally ill will also be allowed.'}, {'timestamp': '05-19-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland further eases its lockdown measures. Groups of up to six people who do not share the same household are allowed to meet up outdoors, so long as they maintain social distancing. Churches are allowed to reopen for private prayer, and the playing of sports such as golf and tennis can resume.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland Education Minister Peter Weir outlines plans for schools to reopen in Northern Ireland in August, with a phased return for students.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-2020', 'event': "For the first day since 18 March, no new COVID deaths are reported in Northern Ireland. Robin Swann, the Northern Ireland Health Minister, describes it as 'a clear sign of progress'."}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to ease the lockdown measures for people shielding at home from 8 June, when they will be allowed outdoors with members of their household, or to meet one member of another household if they are living alone.'}, {'timestamp': '06-04-2020', 'event': 'Debenhams announces plans to reopen three stores in Northern Ireland from 8 June, followed by 50 in England a week later.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07-2020', 'event': 'No new deaths are recorded for Scotland or Northern Ireland over the most recent 24 hour period; it is the first time Scotland has recorded no new deaths since lockdown began in March.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive meets to agree the easing of a number of lockdown measures, including allowing the reopening of small shops and shopping centres from the following day, and letting those who live alone form a bubble with members of one other household from Saturday 13 June.'}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2020', 'event': 'Non-essential retailers reopen in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2020', 'event': "Parts of the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (Amendment No. 4) Regulations 2020 (SI 588) come into effect. In England and Northern Ireland, households with one adult may now become linked with one other household of any size, allowing them to be treated as one for the purpose of permitted gatherings. This also allows the members of one household to stay overnight at the home of the other. The government refers to this as a 'support bubble'. The rules on gatherings are also relaxed to allow medical appointments and births to be accompanied, and to permit some visits to people in hospital, hospices and care homes."}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2020', 'event': "Diane Dodds, Northern Ireland's Economy Minister, announces that bars, restaurants and cafes in Northern Ireland can reopen from 3 July."}, {'timestamp': '06-18-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to reduce social distancing at schools from 2 metres to 1 metre, with a target date for schools to return on 24 August. Non-urgent dental treatment will resume in Northern Ireland from 29 June, and hairdressers, barbers and beauty salons can reopen from 6 July.'}, {'timestamp': '06-19-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland Education Minister Peter Weir confirms the Northern Ireland Executive have agreed to extend the country's free meals scheme to cover the summer holidays."}, {'timestamp': '06-20-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland records one death in the most recent 24 hour period, but no new cases of COVID-19 for the first time since March.'}, {'timestamp': '06-21-2020', 'event': 'No new COVID-19 deaths are recorded for Scotland and Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '06-22-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to allow up to six people to meet up indoors from the following day.'}, {'timestamp': '06-25-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to reduce social distancing from two metres to one metre from 29 June, as well as a raft of other lockdown easing measures for Northern Ireland. These include reopening betting shops on 3 July, reopening of close contact services such as spas and tattoo parlours on 6 July, reopening indoor gyms and playgrounds from 10 July, reopening libraries from 16 July, resuming competitive sport from 17 July, reopening bingo halls and arcades, theatres and cinemas from 29 July, and reopening indoor sports facilities, leisure centres, skating rinks and soft play areas from 7 August. In addition, indoor spectators at sporting events will be allowed from 28 August, and open air museums can reopen from late August.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's Department of Health says that a contact-tracing app will be ready for Northern Ireland by the end of July."}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's First Minister Arlene Foster calls on Michelle O'Neill to resign following her attendance at the funeral of Bobby Storey. Foster says she cannot 'stand beside' O'Neill and 'give out public health advice' after she attended the gathering of 120, breaking Northern Ireland government restrictions that say no more than 30 should attend a funeral."}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive announces that the wearing of face coverings will be compulsory on public transport in Northern Ireland from 10 July. Exceptions will be for those with a medical condition, children under the age of 13, and on school transport.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2020', 'event': 'The UK government published a list of 59 countries for which quarantine will not apply when arriving back in England as from 10 July. They include Greece, France, Belgium and Spain, but Portugal and the United States are among those not on the list. These changes do not apply to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, where quarantine restrictions remain in place for all arrivals from outside the UK.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2020', 'event': 'Hotels, bars, restaurants and cafes permitted to reopen in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill apologised after complaints about her attendance of a funeral a few days earlier."}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2020', 'event': 'As concerns about increasing unemployment grow, the UK government announces a £111m scheme to help firms in England provide an extra 30,000 trainee places; £21m will be provided to fund similar schemes in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland relaxes visiting rules for hospitals and care homes, while birth partners are allowed to attend maternity appointments again. Close contact businesses, including hairdressers and tattoo parlours are also reopened.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive also announces that indoor weddings and baptisms will be allowed from 10 July.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland lifts quarantine regulations on arrivals from 50 countries, including France, Italy, Germany and Spain, effective from 10 July.'}, {'timestamp': '07-13-2020', 'event': 'A survey by Ulster Bank finds that the economy of Northern Ireland continued to shrink in June, but at a slower rate than in previous months.'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '07-13-2020', 'event': 'A survey by Ulster Bank finds that the economy of Northern Ireland continued to shrink in June, but at a slower rate than in previous months.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland lifts quarantine regulations on arrivals from 50 countries, including France, Italy, Germany and Spain, effective from 10 July.'}, {'timestamp': '06-25-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to reduce social distancing from two metres to one metre from 29 June, as well as a raft of other lockdown easing measures for Northern Ireland. These include reopening betting shops on 3 July, reopening of close contact services such as spas and tattoo parlours on 6 July, reopening indoor gyms and playgrounds from 10 July, reopening libraries from 16 July, resuming competitive sport from 17 July, reopening bingo halls and arcades, theatres and cinemas from 29 July, and reopening indoor sports facilities, leisure centres, skating rinks and soft play areas from 7 August. In addition, indoor spectators at sporting events will be allowed from 28 August, and open air museums can reopen from late August.'}, {'timestamp': '06-04-2020', 'event': 'Debenhams announces plans to reopen three stores in Northern Ireland from 8 June, followed by 50 in England a week later.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11-2020', 'event': 'Occupancy of critical care beds in England peaks at around 58% of capacity. Occupancy in the month of April for Scotland and Wales will only briefly exceed 40%, while Northern Ireland reported a peak of 51% early in the month.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to reduce social distancing at schools from 2 metres to 1 metre, with a target date for schools to return on 24 August. Non-urgent dental treatment will resume in Northern Ireland from 29 June, and hairdressers, barbers and beauty salons can reopen from 6 July.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive meets to agree the easing of a number of lockdown measures, including allowing the reopening of small shops and shopping centres from the following day, and letting those who live alone form a bubble with members of one other household from Saturday 13 June.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill apologised after complaints about her attendance of a funeral a few days earlier."}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's First Minister Arlene Foster calls on Michelle O'Neill to resign following her attendance at the funeral of Bobby Storey. Foster says she cannot 'stand beside' O'Neill and 'give out public health advice' after she attended the gathering of 120, breaking Northern Ireland government restrictions that say no more than 30 should attend a funeral."}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland relaxes visiting rules for hospitals and care homes, while birth partners are allowed to attend maternity appointments again. Close contact businesses, including hairdressers and tattoo parlours are also reopened.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's Department of Health says that a contact-tracing app will be ready for Northern Ireland by the end of July."}, {'timestamp': '05-19-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland further eases its lockdown measures. Groups of up to six people who do not share the same household are allowed to meet up outdoors, so long as they maintain social distancing. Churches are allowed to reopen for private prayer, and the playing of sports such as golf and tennis can resume.'}, {'timestamp': '06-22-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to allow up to six people to meet up indoors from the following day.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2020', 'event': 'The first COVID-19 death is confirmed in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2020', 'event': "At 11pm, new regulations come into force in Northern Ireland giving authorities the power to force businesses to close, and impose fines on them if they refuse, as well as on people leaving their homes without a 'reasonable excuse'. The measures, introduced by the Northern Ireland Executive, bring Northern Ireland into line with the rest of the UK."}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland First Minister Arlene Foster announces the first steps for easing the lockdown in Northern Ireland, with garden centres and recycling centres allowed to reopen from Monday 18 May. Marriage ceremonies where a person is terminally ill will also be allowed.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27-2020', 'event': 'Authorities confirm the first case of coronavirus in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2020', 'event': "Parts of the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (Amendment No. 4) Regulations 2020 (SI 588) come into effect. In England and Northern Ireland, households with one adult may now become linked with one other household of any size, allowing them to be treated as one for the purpose of permitted gatherings. This also allows the members of one household to stay overnight at the home of the other. The government refers to this as a 'support bubble'. The rules on gatherings are also relaxed to allow medical appointments and births to be accompanied, and to permit some visits to people in hospital, hospices and care homes."}, {'timestamp': '06-21-2020', 'event': 'No new COVID-19 deaths are recorded for Scotland and Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '05-26-2020', 'event': "For the first day since 18 March, no new COVID deaths are reported in Northern Ireland. Robin Swann, the Northern Ireland Health Minister, describes it as 'a clear sign of progress'."}, {'timestamp': '06-20-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland records one death in the most recent 24 hour period, but no new cases of COVID-19 for the first time since March.'}, {'timestamp': '04-24-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to reopen cemeteries in Northern Ireland following public pressure; they had been closed since March.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive also announces that indoor weddings and baptisms will be allowed from 10 July.'}, {'timestamp': '06-12-2020', 'event': 'Non-essential retailers reopen in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2020', 'event': 'The UK government published a list of 59 countries for which quarantine will not apply when arriving back in England as from 10 July. They include Greece, France, Belgium and Spain, but Portugal and the United States are among those not on the list. These changes do not apply to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, where quarantine restrictions remain in place for all arrivals from outside the UK.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10-2020', 'event': "The UK government updates its coronavirus message from 'stay at home, protect the NHS, save lives' to 'stay alert, control the virus, save lives'. The Opposition Labour Party expresses concern the slogan could be confusing, and leaders of the devolved governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland say they will keep the original slogan."}, {'timestamp': '07-02-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive announces that the wearing of face coverings will be compulsory on public transport in Northern Ireland from 10 July. Exceptions will be for those with a medical condition, children under the age of 13, and on school transport.'}, {'timestamp': '06-15-2020', 'event': "Diane Dodds, Northern Ireland's Economy Minister, announces that bars, restaurants and cafes in Northern Ireland can reopen from 3 July."}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to ease the lockdown measures for people shielding at home from 8 June, when they will be allowed outdoors with members of their household, or to meet one member of another household if they are living alone.'}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2020', 'event': 'Hotels, bars, restaurants and cafes permitted to reopen in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '04-06-2020', 'event': 'The Orange Lodge of Ireland announces that the traditional Twelfth of July parades in Northern Ireland have been cancelled for 2020.'}, {'timestamp': '06-19-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland Education Minister Peter Weir confirms the Northern Ireland Executive have agreed to extend the country's free meals scheme to cover the summer holidays."}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2020', 'event': 'As concerns about increasing unemployment grow, the UK government announces a £111m scheme to help firms in England provide an extra 30,000 trainee places; £21m will be provided to fund similar schemes in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '05-12-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive publishes a five-stage plan for exiting lockdown. Unlike those announced in England and the Republic of Ireland, the plans do not include any dates when steps may be taken.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07-2020', 'event': 'No new deaths are recorded for Scotland or Northern Ireland over the most recent 24 hour period; it is the first time Scotland has recorded no new deaths since lockdown began in March.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Assembly reduces its workload by suspending all non-essential Assembly business. It is closed to the public from the following day.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland Education Minister Peter Weir outlines plans for schools to reopen in Northern Ireland in August, with a phased return for students.'}, {'timestamp': '04-24-2020', 'event': 'UK Transport Secretary Grant Shapps announces bilateral discussions with the Irish and French governments to safeguard freight routes, and with the Northern Ireland Executive regarding support for passenger flights. Funding is to be provided to support ferry routes to Northern Ireland, the Isle of Wight and the Isles of Scilly.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-2020', 'event': "With the UK death toll hitting 335 deaths and 3 in Northern Ireland, Boris Johnson announces a nationwide 'Stay at Home' order which will come into effect as of midnight and will be reviewed every 3 weeks. This becomes known as the UK lockdown."}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2020', 'event': 'Arlene Foster, the First Minister of Northern Ireland, extends the period of lockdown in Northern Ireland to 9 May.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Assembly establishes a COVID-19 Response Committees.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)
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[{'timestamp': '07-15-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) publishes a postcode breakdown of COVID-19 deaths in Northern Ireland; the data indicates the BT4 area of East Belfast, including parts of the Upper Newtownards Road, Holywood Road and Sydenham to have had to largest number of deaths at 36.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2020', 'event': "Contact-tracing is under way after Northern Ireland's Public Health Agency identifies a cluster of COVID-19 cases linked to a social gathering in the Limavady area."}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2020', 'event': 'Research conducted by Ulster University indicates that an estimated 240,000 to 280,000 jobs could be at risk under two metre social distancing regulations, and that reducing it to one metre could save up to 30,000 jobs.'}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2020', 'event': 'Routine dental care is allowed to resume, but dentists warn that a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) means not all practices can reopen in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21-2020', 'event': 'The Democratic Unionist Party rejects a suggestion from Sinn Féin that travellers from Great Britain to Northern Ireland should quarantine for 14 days as a means of preventing the spread of COVID-19. DUP MP Sir Jeffrey Donaldson describes the idea as a "non-starter".'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2020', 'event': 'The Public Health Agency says it has identified 16 clusters of COVID-19 involving 133 cases since its contact-tracing system began operating.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive gives the go-ahead for swimming pools, spas and community centres to reopen from the following day, and announces that face coverings must be worn in shops from 20 August. The Executive also agrees to request urgent talks with the UK and Irish governments over travel arrangements.'}, {'timestamp': '07-24-2020', 'event': 'Swimming pools, spas and community centres are allowed to reopen.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26-2020', 'event': 'Quarantine restrictions are reimposed on travellers arriving from Spain following a spike of COVID-19 cases in Spain.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's contact tracing app StopCOVID NI is launched."}, {'timestamp': '07-31-2020', 'event': 'The shielding programme for Northern Ireland is paused.'}, {'timestamp': '07-31-2020', 'event': 'Figures from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency indicate COVID-19 was mentioned on seven death certificates in the week ending 24 July, five more than the previous week.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02-2020', 'event': 'Figures released by the Health and Safety Executive show that 336 complaints were made about companies regarding breaches of COVID-19 regulations between 5 May to 17 July.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05-2020', 'event': 'The number of COVID-19 cases in Northern Ireland passes 6,000 after ten new cases bring the total to 6,006.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2020', 'event': 'The latest round of rule changes are announced by the Northern Ireland Executive, with the wearing of face coverings becoming compulsory in shops and other enclosed spaces from 10 August. Pubs serving food are allowed to open from the same day, though pubs that do not serve food must remain closed. Pupils will be able to return to school full-time from the beginning of the autumn term.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2020', 'event': 'Weekly statistics released by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency indicate one COVID-19 related death for the week ending 31 July.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08-2020', 'event': "Queen's University Belfast announces it will make face coverings compulsory for staff and students in some areas of its campus from Monday 10 August."}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2020', 'event': 'The wearing of face coverings becomes compulsory in shops and other enclosed places.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11-2020', 'event': 'Health Minister Robin Swann expresses concern at the "increasing number" of COVID-19 cases after a rise of 194 cases in the last seven days, 48 of them in the last 24 hours.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2020', 'event': 'As another 29 COVID-19 cases are recorded for Northern Ireland, health minister Robin Swann warns Northern Ireland is facing one of the most dangerous points of the pandemic, and expresses concern that some people have stopped following COVID guidelines.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2020', 'event': 'A Level results are published. In Northern Ireland 37% of estimated grades were lowered, while 5.3% were raised.'}, {'timestamp': '08-15-2020', 'event': 'The Department of Health begins issuing weekend COVID updates again, having stopped doing so earlier in the summer. The figures show a further 65 new cases in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17-2020', 'event': "Education minister Peter Weir announces that A Level and GCSE results will be based on teachers' assessment following controversy over grades."}, {'timestamp': '08-18-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive holds its first COVID-19 press briefing for six weeks, where Health Minister Robin Swann warns that lockdown measures may be reimposed amid a rise in cases.'}, {'timestamp': '08-19-2020', 'event': 'The heads of Northern Ireland\'s four main churches – the Church of Ireland, Methodist Church, Catholic Church and Presbyterian Church – ask their parishioners to wear face coverings during services, describing it as their responsibility "to ensure that our services of worship are safe places".'}, {'timestamp': '08-20-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive tightens restrictions on the number of people who can meet following an increase in COVID-19 cases. The number of people who can meet outdoors is reduced from 30 to 15, while indoor gatherings are reduced from ten people to six people from two separate households.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22-2020', 'event': 'Police stations in Antrim and Newtownabbey are closed for a deep clean after eight officers test positive for COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2020', 'event': 'Schools reopen for the autumn term, with students in years Seven, Twelve and Fourteen the first to return.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25-2020', 'event': 'Education Minister Peter Weir announces that school pupils will be required to wear face coverings in corridors and other communal areas from Monday 31 August.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive delays the reopening of theatres and pubs that do not serve food, postponing the 1 September date due to an increase in transmission of the virus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-28-2020', 'event': 'The number of COVID-19 cases in Northern Ireland passes 7,000 after the Department of Health reports 85 new daily cases, bringing the total to 7,049.'}, {'timestamp': '08-31-2020', 'event': 'As face coverings become recommended for secondary schools in Northern Ireland, Justin McCamphill from the NASUWT calls for them to be made mandatory.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01-2020', 'event': 'Almost all schools in Northern Ireland fully reopen to pupils for the first time since March.'}, {'timestamp': '09-02-2020', 'event': 'Following a hearing at the High Court, the AQE and PPTC primary school transfer exams will be delayed from November 2020 to January 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-2020', 'event': 'Finance Minister Conor Murphy writes to the Treasury to ask for the furlough scheme to be extended beyond the end of October.'}, {'timestamp': '09-04-2020', 'event': 'Two further COVID deaths are recorded over the most recent 48 hours, both at Craigavon Area Hospital.'}, {'timestamp': '09-07-2020', 'event': 'The Department of Education describes as "regrettable" an erroneous email sent to schools in Northern Ireland by the Department of Health and Social Care that addressed them as care homes and informed them they were to receive ten COVID home testing kits by 20:00 BST on 7 September.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-2020', 'event': 'Figures released by the Department of Education show that COVID-19 cases have been reported at 64 Northern Ireland schools in the first two weeks of the autumn term.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09-2020', 'event': 'The Duke of Cambridge meets emergency workers in Belfast during a visit to Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive imposes new restrictions on visiting homes for Ballymena, and parts of Glenavy, Lisburn and Crumlin, following a rise in COVID-19 cases in those areas.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2020', 'event': "Following criticism of changes to restrictions introduced by the Northern Ireland Executive, Dr Michael McBride, Northern Ireland's chief medical officer, urges the public to 'use their good judgement' when considering the restrictions."}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2020', 'event': 'The Southern Health Trust suspends visits to patients in all of its hospitals following the COVID-19 deaths at Craigavon Area Hospital.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11-2020', 'event': "Queen's University Belfast provides places for a further 80 medical students after funding for the places is agreed by the Northern Ireland Executive."}, {'timestamp': '09-15-2020', 'event': 'Unemployment figures show that almost one in ten young people in Northern Ireland are unemployed; those claiming unemployment-related benefits rising by 800 to 62,700 in August.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16-2020', 'event': 'Local COVID-19 restrictions are made enforceable by law.'}, {'timestamp': '09-16-2020', 'event': "Northern Ireland's universities say they will discipline any students who breach COVID-19 public health guidelines."}, {'timestamp': '09-17-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive gives drink only pubs the go ahead to reopen from Wednesday 23 September, but restrictions on home visits are to be imposed from 18 September in parts of County Armagh.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17-2020', 'event': 'Official figures show that COVID-19 deaths were the second most common deaths in Northern Ireland between 1 April and 30 June, with 4,684 deaths registered during that time, 732 of them COVID related.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-2020', 'event': "Health Minister Robin Swann describes three new songs by Sir Van Morrison that protest against COVID-19 restrictions as 'dangerous'."}]
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[{'timestamp': '07-15-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) publishes a postcode breakdown of COVID-19 deaths in Northern Ireland; the data indicates the BT4 area of East Belfast, including parts of the Upper Newtownards Road, Holywood Road and Sydenham to have had to largest number of deaths at 36.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)
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[{'timestamp': '09-18-2020', 'event': 'A further five hospital deaths are recorded in Northern Ireland, two at Craigavon Area Hospital and three at Daisy Hill Hospital.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20-2020', 'event': "Colm Gildernew, chair of Stormont's health committee, says there are 'areas of grave concern' within Northern Ireland's COVID-19 testing system."}, {'timestamp': '09-20-2020', 'event': 'It is announced that David Cook, who in 1978 became the first non-unionist Lord Mayor of Belfast in more than a century, has died after being diagnosed with COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '09-21-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive announces the extension of COVID-19 restrictions to all of Northern Ireland from 18:00 BST on 22 September; from then households are prevented from mixing while groups of no more than six are allowed to meet.'}, {'timestamp': '09-22-2020', 'event': "In a televised address, the first and deputy First Ministers, Arlene Foster and Michelle O'Neill call for a 'big push' to curb the number of COVID-19 cases in Northern Ireland, describing new measures as not a second lockdown, but a wake-up call."}, {'timestamp': '09-23-2020', 'event': "Health Minister Robin Swann says that COVID-19 is 'gaining momentum' again in Northern Ireland and there is a 'narrow window' to suppress it, while Chief Medical Officer Michael McBride warns there could be as many as 500 cases a day by October if rules are ignored."}, {'timestamp': '09-23-2020', 'event': 'the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service confirms that ten members of its staff have tested positive for COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-2020', 'event': 'First Minister Arlene Foster says that the Northern Ireland Executive has not yet reached a decision over pub curfews in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees a funding package to support the arts in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-2020', 'event': "After pictures emerge of Democratic Unionist Party MP Sammy Wilson on a London tube without a face covering, Wilson says he accepts he 'should have been' wearing a face covering and will 'accept whatever consequences there are'."}, {'timestamp': '09-25-2020', 'event': 'A further 273 cases of COVID-19 are confirmed in Northern Ireland, taking the total number of people diagnosed with the virus past 10,000 to 10,223.'}, {'timestamp': '09-25-2020', 'event': 'Dr Michael McBride and Dr Ronan Glynn, the respective chief medical officers for Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic, advise against all but essential travel across the Northern Ireland–Donegal border.'}, {'timestamp': '09-25-2020', 'event': 'The Department of Education says it will issue new guidelines to schools regarding when pupils should self-isolate if one of their classmates is diagnosed with COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '09-26-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland records its highest daily cases of COVID-19 with a further 319 cases, bringing the total to 10,542.'}, {'timestamp': '09-26-2020', 'event': "Hospitality Ulster says it is 'seeking clarity' from the Northern Ireland Executive over new COVID-19 regulations for its sector."}, {'timestamp': '09-27-2020', 'event': "Professor Charlotte McCardle, Northern Ireland's Chief Nursing Officer, says that restrictions for birth partners will not be lifted any time in the near future."}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2020', 'event': "SDLP leader Colum Eastwood says there is an urgent 'need to act quickly' over the number of cases in the Derry and Strabane areas, which are three times higher than Northern Ireland as a whole."}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2020', 'event': "Some students in halls of residence at Queen's University Belfast are told to self-isolate after a small number test positive for COVID-19."}, {'timestamp': '09-29-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive announces that bars, pubs and restaurants must close at 11pm; the rules come into force from midnight on 30 September.'}, {'timestamp': '09-29-2020', 'event': 'As a further 320 COVID cases are confirmed, Chief Scientific Adviser Professor Ian Young predicts that Northern Ireland could see 1,000 cases a day by the end of October.'}, {'timestamp': '09-29-2020', 'event': "After First Minister Arlene Foster holds talks with US special envoy Mick Mulvaney, the Northern Ireland says that a Northern Ireland–United States relationship will be 'hugely important' in helping to rebuild the economy post-COVID."}, {'timestamp': '09-30-2020', 'event': "Health Minister Robin Swann says that Northern Ireland is at a 'crossroads' in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, and more measures are required to curb it."}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2020', 'event': 'Fresh restrictions are announced for Derry and Strabane, with pubs, cafes, restaurants and hotels permitted only to offer takeaway and delivery services, as well as outdoor dining.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2020', 'event': "Derry's Altnagelvin Hospital also suspends some services to deal with COVID patients."}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2020', 'event': 'Hospitality businesses call for evidence to be produced showing the cause of the rise in COVID cases in Derry and Strabane, and urge a cautious approach when introducing new restrictions.'}, {'timestamp': '10-02-2020', 'event': 'A further 934 cases of COVID-19 are recorded, the highest daily total so far for Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '10-02-2020', 'event': 'Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces extra financial support for the Northern Ireland Executive to help deal with a second wave of COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '10-02-2020', 'event': 'A sixth person dies from COVID-19 at Daisy Hill Hospital in Newry following an outbreak of COVID there.'}, {'timestamp': '10-02-2020', 'event': 'Democratic Unionist Party MP Jim Shannon is required to self-isolate at home after coming into contact with Scottish National Party MP Margaret Ferrier, who breached COVID-19 rules after experiencing symptoms and subsequently testing positive for the virus.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2020', 'event': 'A further 726 COVID-19 cases are confirmed in Northern Ireland, along with one death.'}, {'timestamp': '10-04-2020', 'event': "Finance Minister Conor Murphy tells the BBC's Sunday Politics programme that Stormont may consider further COVID-19 restrictions if the current measures do not prove to be effective."}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2020', 'event': "First Minister Arlene Foster and deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill speak to Cabinet Office Minister Michael Gove about the prospect of extra financial support from Westminster in the event of another lockdown."}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2020', 'event': 'Foster subsequently says that such an event is avoidable if people adhere to the rules, but that Northern Ireland would need extra financial help in the event of such an occurrence.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2020', 'event': "Deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill says that further COVID restrictions will be discussed at a forthcoming meeting of the Northern Ireland Executive on 8 October."}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2020', 'event': 'Ulster Rugby suspends training after a team member and an academy player test positive for COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2020', 'event': "Economy Minister Diane Dodds that a 'circuit breaker' lockdown will only work for Northern Ireland with Treasury support."}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2020', 'event': 'As a further 828 COVID-19 cases are confirmed, Health Minister Robin Swann expresses concern that too many people are ignoring COVID restrictions.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2020', 'event': "Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Taoiseach Micheál Martin discuss Northern Ireland's rising number of COVID-19 cases in a phone call, and agree to monitor the situation."}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2020', 'event': "Deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill says that she and First Minister Arlene Foster have asked for urgent talks with Boris Johnson due to cases rising 'at an alarming rate'."}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2020', 'event': 'Figures compiled by the BBC for the week ending 4 October indicate Derry City and Strabane has the highest COVID-19 infection rate in the UK, with 582 cases per 100,000.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2020', 'event': 'A further 902 COVID-19 cases are recorded.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2020', 'event': "Deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill tests negative for the virus, but says she will continue to self-isolate."}, {'timestamp': '10-12-2020', 'event': 'Communities Minister Carál Ní Chuilín tests negative for COVID-19, but says she will self-isolate after several members of her family test positive.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-2020', 'event': 'More than 100 elective surgeries have been cancelled in Belfast because of COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-2020', 'event': 'Fresh restrictions are announced for Northern Ireland, affecting schools and the hospitality sector.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive announces that firms forced to close because of tighter COVID restrictions will receive additional financial support.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2020', 'event': 'Pubs and restaurants close as Northern Ireland begins a month of tighter restrictions.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2020', 'event': 'Minister for Communities Carál Ní Chuilín says that sporting events should take place behind closed doors, even though rules state that a limited number of spectators can attend.'}, {'timestamp': '10-18-2020', 'event': 'An anti-lockdown protest involving more than 300 people is held outside Stormont; several arrests are made.'}, {'timestamp': '10-19-2020', 'event': 'Education Minister Peter Weir confirms that almost 1,500 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed in schools since their return in August.'}, {'timestamp': '10-20-2020', 'event': 'The Department of Health publishes the evidence it has used to inform its decision making over its response to the COVID-19 crisis.'}, {'timestamp': '10-21-2020', 'event': "Health Minister Robin Swann is self-isolating after receiving a close proximity notice from Northern Ireland's track and trace app."}, {'timestamp': '10-22-2020', 'event': "First Minister Arlene Foster says that contact tracing in Northern Ireland needs to be 'scaled up' in order to tackle the spread of COVID-19."}]
|
[{'timestamp': '09-18-2020', 'event': 'A further five hospital deaths are recorded in Northern Ireland, two at Craigavon Area Hospital and three at Daisy Hill Hospital.'}]
| 0
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)
|
[{'timestamp': '10-23-2020', 'event': 'Health officials launch an investigation into whether a brand of hand sanitiser used by Health and Social Care is affected by a safety recall in the Irish Republic.'}, {'timestamp': '10-24-2020', 'event': "BBC News reports that a funding package for the taxi, private bus and coach sectors is to be brought forward 'urgently'."}, {'timestamp': '10-25-2020', 'event': 'A COVID outbreak is reported among staff and patients on a ward at the Ulster Hospital in Dundonald.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-2020', 'event': "People are asked not to attend Antrim Area Hospital because it is 'operating beyond capacity' with 27 ill patients waiting to be admitted."}, {'timestamp': '10-28-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland records its youngest COVID-related death, that of a 19-year-old male.'}, {'timestamp': '10-29-2020', 'event': 'Finance Minister Conor Murphy announces a funding package worth £560m for the health service to tackle COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '10-30-2020', 'event': "Health Minister Robin Swann warns that any hope of a return to normality at the end of Northern Ireland's four weeks of tighter restrictions are 'entirely misplaced'."}, {'timestamp': '10-31-2020', 'event': 'Catherine Kelly, an MLA for West Tyrone resigns over the failure to repay COVID emergency funding that was wrongly given out by Soormont.'}, {'timestamp': '11-01-2020', 'event': "Following the UK government's announcement that the furlough scheme will be extended until December to cover the period of England's month-long lockdown, Finance Minister Conor Murphy calls for it to be extended beyond then."}, {'timestamp': '11-02-2020', 'event': 'Schools in Northern Ireland are told to hold physical education classes outside with no more than fifteen pupils.'}, {'timestamp': '11-03-2020', 'event': "Following the previous day's advice to schools regarding PE lessons, Education Minister Peter Weir announces they will be able to hold PE indoors or outdoors without limits on numbers following a legal change in regulations."}, {'timestamp': '11-04-2020', 'event': "Declan Kearney, Sinn Féin's junior minister in the Executive, says interventions to tackle COVID-19 'have not achieved enough' to ensure further restrictions are not needed."}, {'timestamp': '11-05-2020', 'event': "First Minister Arlene Foster announces that Northern Ireland's restrictions have helped to gain 'important ground' with the R number dropping to around 0.7."}, {'timestamp': '11-06-2020', 'event': 'The number of COVID deaths in Northern Ireland surpasses 1,000, standing at 1,053.'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-2020', 'event': 'Food bank usage in County Londonderry and Belfast has increased significantly because of the COVID-19 pandemic.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10-2020', 'event': "The Democratic Unionist Party vetoes proposals from Health Minister Robin Swann to extend Northern Ireland's lockdown restrictions by two weeks until 27 November."}, {'timestamp': '11-11-2020', 'event': 'Police in Belfast issue 40 fines for breach of COVID rules after breaking up two parties at the same address in the same evening.'}, {'timestamp': '11-12-2020', 'event': 'Stormont votes to extend lockdown restrictions for a week, until Friday 20 November.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13-2020', 'event': 'First Minister Arlene Foster says that she regrets how the Executive handled the decision to extend COVID restrictions in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '11-15-2020', 'event': 'Health Minister Robin Swann expresses fears he may need to ask for further COVID restrictions by the end of the year.'}, {'timestamp': '11-16-2020', 'event': "Deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill says the Northern Ireland Executive will do what it can to 'protect' as much as Christmas as possible."}, {'timestamp': '11-17-2020', 'event': "Education Minister Peter Weir says there are 'no plans' to extend the Christmas school holidays in Northern Ireland."}, {'timestamp': '11-18-2020', 'event': 'Health Minister Robin Swann announces that he will bring proposals to the Northern Ireland Executive setting out ways to deal with COVID.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to impose a two-week circuit breaker lockdown from Friday 27 November, meaning restrictions will be slightly eased for a week from 20 November.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20-2020', 'event': 'As restrictions are eased for a week, First Minister Arlene Foster denies that the DUP performed a U-turn over its decision to support further lockdown measures after voting against them a week earlier.'}, {'timestamp': '11-23-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees a package of financial measures to support people affected by lockdown restrictions.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24-2020', 'event': 'Plans for COVID measures over Christmas are announced by the First and deputy First Ministers, with up to three households allowed to meet up indoors and outdoors from 23 to 27 December.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25-2020', 'event': 'Chancellor Rishi Sunak announces that Northern Ireland will get an extra £920m for public services during 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '11-26-2020', 'event': "Health Minister Robin Swann announces that plans are under way for Northern Ireland's COVID-19 vaccination programme to begin in December."}, {'timestamp': '11-28-2020', 'event': 'GPs in Northern Ireland are planning to begin COVID vaccinations of people aged over 80 and not living in care homes from 4 January 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30-2020', 'event': 'Staff at Belfast Health Trust are to be offered the Pfizer vaccine should it be approved, BBC News reports.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01-2020', 'event': 'The number of COVID-related deaths in Northern Ireland passes 1,000 as a further 15 cases take the total to 1,011.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-2020', 'event': "Following the UK's approval of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, BBC News reports the first vaccinations in Northern Ireland could be given as early as 9 December."}, {'timestamp': '12-03-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive announces that non-essential retail and some parts of the hospitality sector can reopen from 11 December.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04-2020', 'event': 'The first doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine arrive in Northern Ireland, ready for distribution the following week.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05-2020', 'event': 'An animated Christmas lights show in Lisburn is suspended after the number of people it attracts is deemed to be a COVID-19 risk.'}, {'timestamp': '12-08-2020', 'event': 'Twenty-five men and women from Palmerston residential home in east Belfast become the first care home residents in Northern Ireland to receive the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID vaccine.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09-2020', 'event': 'Lisnagarvey High School in Lisburn becomes the first school in Northern Ireland to move almost entirely to remote teaching for the rest of the term following a COVID outbreak.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10-2020', 'event': "As Northern Ireland nears the end of its latest lockdown, ministers urge people not to 'get caught up in the Christmas spirit' and to behave sensibly."}, {'timestamp': '12-11-2020', 'event': "Non-essential retailers, and restaurants, cafes and other venues serving food are permitted to reopen as Northern Ireland's latest lockdown ends."}, {'timestamp': '12-12-2020', 'event': "Dentists in Northern Ireland express their concern about the impact of COVID-19 on people's oral health as fewer dental checks may lead to serious problems not being identified soon enough to provide effective treatment."}, {'timestamp': '12-13-2020', 'event': 'Further supplies of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine arrive in Northern Ireland, bringing the number to 50,000 doses.'}, {'timestamp': '12-14-2020', 'event': "In a joint statement, the chief executives of Northern Ireland's six health trusts, have warned hospitals face being overwhelmed in the event of a COVID spike after Christmas."}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2020', 'event': 'Antrim Area Hospital reports a queue of ambulances outside its accident and emergency department as it struggles to deal with COVID patients.'}, {'timestamp': '12-16-2020', 'event': "As the Northern Ireland Executive prepares to consider 'robust interventions' to deal with COVID-19, Health Minister Robin Swann says the threat of coronavirus will hang over Christmas and 'cast a shadow well into January'."}, {'timestamp': '12-17-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive agrees to commence another lockdown from 26 December that could potentially last for six weeks.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2020', 'event': 'Education Minister Peter Weir announces that schools and other education establishments in Northern Ireland will open as normal during the first week of January.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2020', 'event': "Deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill says the situation is being kept under review after the UK government tightens Christmas rules in mainland UK."}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive meets to discuss the new variant of COVID-19 and what to do about Christmas.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-2020', 'event': 'The Northern Ireland Executive votes against proposals to introduce a travel ban between Northern Ireland and the UK mainland.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-2020', 'event': 'Sinn Féin have called for an all-Ireland ban on freight arriving from the UK because of the new variant of COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '12-23-2020', 'event': 'Health Minister Robin Swann announces that suspected cases of the new variant of COVID-19 have been discovered patients in Northern Ireland.'}, {'timestamp': '12-24-2020', 'event': "Professor Ian Young, Northern Ireland's chief scientific adviser, warns that the new variant of COVID-19 could have 'substantial consequences' if it becomes dominant."}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2020', 'event': 'Northern Ireland goes into a six-week lockdown after rules were briefly relaxed for Christmas Day.'}, {'timestamp': '12-28-2020', 'event': "Health Minister Robin Swann urges people to stay at home over the New Year, and that New Year's Eve parties could turn into 'super spreader' events."}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2020', 'event': "As a further 1,566 COVID cases are reported, the highest daily total so far, Health Minister Robin Swann says there has been a 'significant rise' in Northern Ireland's cases."}, {'timestamp': '12-31-2021', 'event': 'Northern Ireland schools will have a phased return through January, with primary school pupils being taught remotely until 11 January, and some secondary pupils in years Eight, Nine, Ten and Eleven not returning to the classroom until the end of January.'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '10-23-2020', 'event': 'Health officials launch an investigation into whether a brand of hand sanitiser used by Health and Social Care is affected by a safety recall in the Irish Republic.'}]
| 0
|
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
|
[{'timestamp': '01-03-2021', 'event': 'The country banned the entry of travelers from the US until January 15, 2021, as the new virus variant was detected in Florida.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2021', 'event': "NBI's spokesperson Ferdinand Lavin said that the bureau will investigate PSG's illegal COVID-19 vaccination."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2021', 'event': 'Manila will provide mandatory free confirmatory COVID-19 tests to all its returning residents but violators will face criminal charges as declared by mayor Isko Moreno.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2021', 'event': 'Makati will provide free COVID-19 vaccine to its constituents as the city government allocated P1 billion, (the largest amount of vaccine fund for a city in the country) according to city mayor Abby Binay.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2021', 'event': "it was revealed that the vaccine will be AstraZeneca's AZD1222."}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2021', 'event': 'A traveler from the Philippines has been tested positive for the new virus strain of COVID-19 in HK.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2021', 'event': 'The country added travel ban to foreigners from 6 more countries namely – Brazil, Finland, India, Jordan, Norway, and Portugal from January 8–15, 2020 amid the new virus variant as announced by Malacañang based on the joint recommendation of DOH and DFA.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2021', 'event': 'The country issued travel ban to foreigners from Austria and South Africa over new coronavirus strain from January 10–15, 2020 as announced by the Palace.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-2021', 'event': 'DOH announced 1,952 fresh new cases of the disease, the highest number of daily cases in a span of more than 3 weeks.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2021', 'event': 'DOH identified a total of 4,512 fixed COVID-19 vaccination posts in the whole country with a presumed rate of 100 jab tasks per team.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2021', 'event': 'Despite reported low efficacy rate, the country was able to secure 25 million sinovac vaccines which is set to arrived in February 2021 as announced by Palace spokesperson Harry Roque.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2021', 'event': 'The country extended travel ban to China, Jamaica, Luxembourg, Oman, and Pakistan from January 13–15, 2021 amid the threat of new virus strain.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2021', 'event': 'Philippine Genome Center (PGC) together with DOH officially confirmed that the more contagious B.1.17 virus variant already reached the country.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2021', 'event': 'Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine roll-out.'}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2021', 'event': 'The country extended travel ban to 35 countries and territories which includes Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, HK, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and US from January 15–31, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2021', 'event': 'Despite still indecisive use of sinovac in the country, China pledged to donate half a million doses of the said vaccine to the country as announced by their Foreign Minister Wang Yi during its recent state visit.'}, {'timestamp': '01-17-2021', 'event': 'In less than a year after its first reported case, the country breached 500,000 mark on the number of COVID-19 cases as DOH reported 1,895 fresh cases.'}, {'timestamp': '01-18-2021', 'event': 'Bontoc mayor Franklin Odsey tested positive for COVID-19, opting the capital town to imposed lockdown to its pre-identified barangays from January 18–31.'}, {'timestamp': '01-21-2021', 'event': 'Senator Pia Cayetano filed Senate Bill No. 1999 which aim to create vaccine passport initiative that will to set up a database registry of individuals who had been inoculated including their vaccination details as well as to monitor vaccine distribution and its effects.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-2021', 'event': 'Sixteen (16) more cases of UK-COVID-19 variant were reported in the country as announced by the DOH with 12 of these cases are from Bontoc, Mt. Province.'}, {'timestamp': '01-23-2021', 'event': 'Bontoc mayor Franklin Odsey revealed the reported UK variant cases originated from a Filipina who arrived on December 11, 2020, from UK.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10-2020', 'event': "Experts from DOH's technical advisory group disclosed that the more contagious UK variant had entered the country on December 10, 2020 (that time the variant was still unknown) through a Bontoc female patient who arrived from UK, much earlier than the reported case on January 13, 2021, from a Quezon City male resident who arrived from UAE."}, {'timestamp': '01-24-2021', 'event': 'Barangay Guadalupe in Cebu City placed under lockdown every Sunday that started on January 24, 2021, over the sudden spike on the number of cases within the village based on their new barangay resolution.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25-2021', 'event': 'Bontoc mayor Franklin Odysey issued an Executive Order extending lockdown in barangay Tocucan, Bontoc Ili, Caluttit, Poblacion, and Samoki effective January 25–31, 2021 amid threat of the new coronavirus variant.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25-2021', 'event': 'Commission on Higher Education approved limited face-to-face classes for students of medicine and allied health sciences in areas under MGCQ.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26-2021', 'event': 'Pasig became the first LGU in the country with COVID-19 vaccination plan approved by the DOH-WHO as announced by mayor Vico Sotto.'}, {'timestamp': '01-27-2021', 'event': 'Starting February 1, 2021, travelers arriving in the country regardless of origin are required to have their COVID-19 tests on the 5th day of quarantine instead of arrival date unless any earlier symptoms will occur as announced by Malacañang upon the recommendation of IATF-EID and DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '01-28-2021', 'event': 'FDA granted EUA of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, becoming the 2nd vaccine after Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine with approved EUA in the country.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2021', 'event': 'Palace through its spokesperson announced regions – NCR and CAR will be placed under GCQ including Batangas, Tacloban City, Davao City, Davao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, and Iligan City from February 1–28, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '01-30-2021', 'event': 'After a year of its first reported case, the country logged 2,109 COVID-19 infected individuals pushing the tally to 523,516.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2021', 'event': 'Asian Development Bank allocated $25 M to the country to loan out for procurement of COVID-19 vaccines to 70 million Filipinos, as a target by the DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2021', 'event': 'Foreigners with valid visa are allowed to entry the country starting February 16, 2021, requiring that they should have a pre-booked accommodation for at least 6 nights in accredited quarantine hotels or venues and also subject to swab test on the 6th day from their arrival date, as announced by Palace spokesperson Harry Roque.'}, {'timestamp': '02-08-2021', 'event': 'The country recorded the first death caused by UK-variant B.1.1.7 COVID-19 through an 84-year-old man from La Trinidad, Benguet got sicked between 3rd–4th week of January 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11-2021', 'event': 'The country is expected to receive an initial batch of 600,000 COVID-19 vaccine shots from Sinovac on February 23, 2021, as announced by Palace spokesman Harry Roque.'}, {'timestamp': '02-12-2021', 'event': 'The IATF-EID allows the reopening of select leisure facilities such as cinemas, theme parks, museums, libraries, and arcades in areas under General Community Quarantine.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-2021', 'event': 'Four barangays in Ubay, Bohol namely, Bood, Fatima, Poblacion, and Tapon were placed under MECQ effective immediately until further notice due to sudden spike on the numbers of COVID-19 cases in the municipality as announced by the Municipal Inter-Agency Task Force (MIATF).'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2021', 'event': 'Metro Manila mayors opposed the IATF-EID resolution allowing movie theaters to reopen, thus moving the target reopening date to March 1, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15-2021', 'event': 'The country breached the 550,000-mark on the number of COVID-19 cases with the actual total of 550,860 as DOH reported 1,685 new cases.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2021', 'event': "The country has signed an indemnity agreement as requirement to acquire Pfizer's and AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccines from COVAX as revealed by IATF-EID vaccine czar Carlito Galvez Jr."}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2021', 'event': 'Two OFW balikbayans from UAE and Canada tested positive with the disease despite receiving COVID-19 vaccine jabs.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-2021', 'event': 'Pasay LGU placed 33 barangays and 1 business establishment under a 14-day lockdown due to sudden spike of COVID-19 cases as announced by their city administrator Dennis Acorda.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-2021', 'event': "President Duterte refused NEDA's proposal of placing the entire country on MGCQ before COVID-19 vaccination roll-out."}]
|
[{'timestamp': '01-25-2021', 'event': 'Commission on Higher Education approved limited face-to-face classes for students of medicine and allied health sciences in areas under MGCQ.'}, {'timestamp': '02-11-2021', 'event': 'The country is expected to receive an initial batch of 600,000 COVID-19 vaccine shots from Sinovac on February 23, 2021, as announced by Palace spokesman Harry Roque.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10-2020', 'event': "Experts from DOH's technical advisory group disclosed that the more contagious UK variant had entered the country on December 10, 2020 (that time the variant was still unknown) through a Bontoc female patient who arrived from UK, much earlier than the reported case on January 13, 2021, from a Quezon City male resident who arrived from UAE."}, {'timestamp': '02-12-2021', 'event': 'The IATF-EID allows the reopening of select leisure facilities such as cinemas, theme parks, museums, libraries, and arcades in areas under General Community Quarantine.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2021', 'event': 'The country added travel ban to foreigners from 6 more countries namely – Brazil, Finland, India, Jordan, Norway, and Portugal from January 8–15, 2020 amid the new virus variant as announced by Malacañang based on the joint recommendation of DOH and DFA.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2021', 'event': 'Palace through its spokesperson announced regions – NCR and CAR will be placed under GCQ including Batangas, Tacloban City, Davao City, Davao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, and Iligan City from February 1–28, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '01-30-2021', 'event': 'After a year of its first reported case, the country logged 2,109 COVID-19 infected individuals pushing the tally to 523,516.'}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2021', 'event': 'The country extended travel ban to 35 countries and territories which includes Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, HK, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and US from January 15–31, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2021', 'event': 'Makati will provide free COVID-19 vaccine to its constituents as the city government allocated P1 billion, (the largest amount of vaccine fund for a city in the country) according to city mayor Abby Binay.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2021', 'event': 'Asian Development Bank allocated $25 M to the country to loan out for procurement of COVID-19 vaccines to 70 million Filipinos, as a target by the DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '01-13-2021', 'event': 'Philippine Genome Center (PGC) together with DOH officially confirmed that the more contagious B.1.17 virus variant already reached the country.'}, {'timestamp': '01-17-2021', 'event': 'In less than a year after its first reported case, the country breached 500,000 mark on the number of COVID-19 cases as DOH reported 1,895 fresh cases.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2021', 'event': 'A traveler from the Philippines has been tested positive for the new virus strain of COVID-19 in HK.'}, {'timestamp': '01-22-2021', 'event': 'Sixteen (16) more cases of UK-COVID-19 variant were reported in the country as announced by the DOH with 12 of these cases are from Bontoc, Mt. Province.'}, {'timestamp': '01-23-2021', 'event': 'Bontoc mayor Franklin Odsey revealed the reported UK variant cases originated from a Filipina who arrived on December 11, 2020, from UK.'}, {'timestamp': '01-21-2021', 'event': 'Senator Pia Cayetano filed Senate Bill No. 1999 which aim to create vaccine passport initiative that will to set up a database registry of individuals who had been inoculated including their vaccination details as well as to monitor vaccine distribution and its effects.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2021', 'event': 'The country banned the entry of travelers from the US until January 15, 2021, as the new virus variant was detected in Florida.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26-2021', 'event': 'Pasig became the first LGU in the country with COVID-19 vaccination plan approved by the DOH-WHO as announced by mayor Vico Sotto.'}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2021', 'event': 'Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine roll-out.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-2021', 'event': "President Duterte refused NEDA's proposal of placing the entire country on MGCQ before COVID-19 vaccination roll-out."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2021', 'event': "NBI's spokesperson Ferdinand Lavin said that the bureau will investigate PSG's illegal COVID-19 vaccination."}, {'timestamp': '01-27-2021', 'event': 'Starting February 1, 2021, travelers arriving in the country regardless of origin are required to have their COVID-19 tests on the 5th day of quarantine instead of arrival date unless any earlier symptoms will occur as announced by Malacañang upon the recommendation of IATF-EID and DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2021', 'event': 'The country issued travel ban to foreigners from Austria and South Africa over new coronavirus strain from January 10–15, 2020 as announced by the Palace.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2021', 'event': 'Foreigners with valid visa are allowed to entry the country starting February 16, 2021, requiring that they should have a pre-booked accommodation for at least 6 nights in accredited quarantine hotels or venues and also subject to swab test on the 6th day from their arrival date, as announced by Palace spokesperson Harry Roque.'}, {'timestamp': '02-15-2021', 'event': 'The country breached the 550,000-mark on the number of COVID-19 cases with the actual total of 550,860 as DOH reported 1,685 new cases.'}, {'timestamp': '02-13-2021', 'event': 'Four barangays in Ubay, Bohol namely, Bood, Fatima, Poblacion, and Tapon were placed under MECQ effective immediately until further notice due to sudden spike on the numbers of COVID-19 cases in the municipality as announced by the Municipal Inter-Agency Task Force (MIATF).'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2021', 'event': 'Manila will provide mandatory free confirmatory COVID-19 tests to all its returning residents but violators will face criminal charges as declared by mayor Isko Moreno.'}, {'timestamp': '01-24-2021', 'event': 'Barangay Guadalupe in Cebu City placed under lockdown every Sunday that started on January 24, 2021, over the sudden spike on the number of cases within the village based on their new barangay resolution.'}, {'timestamp': '02-17-2021', 'event': "The country has signed an indemnity agreement as requirement to acquire Pfizer's and AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccines from COVAX as revealed by IATF-EID vaccine czar Carlito Galvez Jr."}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2021', 'event': 'Despite reported low efficacy rate, the country was able to secure 25 million sinovac vaccines which is set to arrived in February 2021 as announced by Palace spokesperson Harry Roque.'}, {'timestamp': '01-28-2021', 'event': 'FDA granted EUA of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, becoming the 2nd vaccine after Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine with approved EUA in the country.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-2021', 'event': 'DOH announced 1,952 fresh new cases of the disease, the highest number of daily cases in a span of more than 3 weeks.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2021', 'event': 'Despite still indecisive use of sinovac in the country, China pledged to donate half a million doses of the said vaccine to the country as announced by their Foreign Minister Wang Yi during its recent state visit.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2021', 'event': 'The country extended travel ban to China, Jamaica, Luxembourg, Oman, and Pakistan from January 13–15, 2021 amid the threat of new virus strain.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2021', 'event': 'Metro Manila mayors opposed the IATF-EID resolution allowing movie theaters to reopen, thus moving the target reopening date to March 1, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2021', 'event': "it was revealed that the vaccine will be AstraZeneca's AZD1222."}, {'timestamp': '02-18-2021', 'event': 'Two OFW balikbayans from UAE and Canada tested positive with the disease despite receiving COVID-19 vaccine jabs.'}, {'timestamp': '01-18-2021', 'event': 'Bontoc mayor Franklin Odsey tested positive for COVID-19, opting the capital town to imposed lockdown to its pre-identified barangays from January 18–31.'}, {'timestamp': '02-08-2021', 'event': 'The country recorded the first death caused by UK-variant B.1.1.7 COVID-19 through an 84-year-old man from La Trinidad, Benguet got sicked between 3rd–4th week of January 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25-2021', 'event': 'Bontoc mayor Franklin Odysey issued an Executive Order extending lockdown in barangay Tocucan, Bontoc Ili, Caluttit, Poblacion, and Samoki effective January 25–31, 2021 amid threat of the new coronavirus variant.'}, {'timestamp': '01-11-2021', 'event': 'DOH identified a total of 4,512 fixed COVID-19 vaccination posts in the whole country with a presumed rate of 100 jab tasks per team.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-2021', 'event': 'Pasay LGU placed 33 barangays and 1 business establishment under a 14-day lockdown due to sudden spike of COVID-19 cases as announced by their city administrator Dennis Acorda.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
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[{'timestamp': '02-22-2021', 'event': "FDA granted EUA to Sinovac's CoronaVac, became the third vaccine with approved EUA in the country."}, {'timestamp': '2021', 'event': 'Cebu became the 1st province in the country to scrap RT-PCR requirement for incoming local tourists through Executive Order No. 12 of 2021 signed by Governor Gwendolyn Garcia as to ease travel restrictions and gradually reviving the tourism industry.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27-2021', 'event': 'Despite clamors of imposing MGCQ for the entire country, Malacañang approved new quarantine status placing NCR, Apayao, Baguio City, Kalinga, Mt. Province, Batangas, Tacloban City, Iligan City, Davao City, and Lanao del Sur on GCQ for March 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '02-28-2021', 'event': 'At around 4 pm at Villamor Air Base, the country officially received its first batch of COVID-19 vaccines, became the last ASEAN country to do so.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2021', 'event': 'PGH Director Dr. Gerardo Legaspi became the first official recipient of COVID-19 vaccine as vaccination rollout began in the country.'}, {'timestamp': '03-02-2021', 'event': 'Six cases of B.1.351 South African variant was detected in the country by UP-PGC as announced by DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2021', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte personally welcomed the arrival KLM Flight 803 carrying 487,200 doses of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine at Ninoy Aquino International Airport.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07-2021', 'event': 'The country has received additional 38,400 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines which arrived at 6:43 p.m at NAIA 3 as confirmed by the National Task Force against COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '03-09-2021', 'event': 'The country has breached 600,000 mark on the total of number of COVID-19 cases which peaked at 600,428 as announced by DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-2021', 'event': 'OCTA Research group named 12 cities in NCR and 3 cities in Cebu were among the top 15 areas with a significant increasing trend in the number of new COVID-19 cases.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2021', 'event': 'Metro Manila Council enforced uniform curfew from 10 P.M. to 5 A.AM in NCR that will run for 2 weeks from March 15–31, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2021', 'event': 'A new SARS-CoV-2 variant had emerged in the country named as P.3, a third generation COVID-19 variant with similarity with Japanese B.1.1.248 and Brazilian variant P.1.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2021', 'event': 'DOH logged 7,103 new COVID-19 cases, the highest recorded number of new cases in a single day in the country since the start of pandemic.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2021', 'event': "The country logged a new daily record high for the number of new COVID-19 cases at 7,999 surpassing just yesterday's record of 7,103."}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2021', 'event': 'Amid the sudden surge of COVID-19 cases in the country, President Rodrigo Duterte had placed NCR+ (includes NCR, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal) under GCQ starting March 22 until April 4, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '03-22-2021', 'event': 'The country logged a new daily high record of 8,019 new COVID-19 cases, surpassing the tally last 2 days ago, bringing the total number of cases to 671,792.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2021', 'event': 'Additional 400,000 doses of COVID-19 Sinovac vaccine donated by China arrived at NAIA at exactly 7:21 a.m.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25-2021', 'event': 'A new daily high record of 8,773 new COVID-19 cases was reported by DOH, bringing the total to 693,048 with active cases at 99,891.'}, {'timestamp': '03-26-2021', 'event': 'COVID-19 cases in the Philippines breached the 700,000-mark on Friday with another record-high 9,838 newly reported infections.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-2021', 'event': 'A new record high of 118,122 active cases out of 712,442 total COVID-19 cases with the addition of 9,595 new infections was logged by the DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2021', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte personally welcomed the arrival of Philippine Airlines flight PR361 from Beijing at Villamor Airbase carrying 1M doses of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02-2021', 'event': 'The country recorded a new all-time daily high of 15,310 new COVID-19 cases as the total confirmed cases skyrocketed to 771,497.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03-2021', 'event': 'ECQ was extended in NCR+ bubble for a week from April 5–11, 2021 as announced by Malacañang through spokesperson Harry Roque Jr.'}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2021', 'event': 'The country had breached the 800,000 mark as the total number of COVID-19 cases surged to 803,398 with 8,355 fresh cases reported. Active cases reached 143,726 or 17.9%; recoveries increased by 145 to 646,237; and death toll climbed by 10 to 13,435.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2021', 'event': "The country's COVID-19 death toll had breached 14,000-mark, which peaked at 14,059 as DOH confirmed 242 new fatalities. Additional 6,414 fresh cases and 163 recuperated patients were also reported bringing the total cases to 819,164 and total recoveries at 646,404."}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2021', 'event': "FDA granted an hospital's request for compassionate special permit to use Ivermectin against COVID-19 as revealed by Rolando Domingo, Director General. With reported unusual blood cloths with persons having low platelet count after inoculation, DOH temporarily stopped the use of AstraZeneca vaccine in the country upon FDA's recommendation, for people below 60 years old."}, {'timestamp': '04-09-2021', 'event': 'The country logged an all-time daily record on the highest number of deaths on a single day at 401 fatalities, bringing the total death toll to 14,520. Active cases also reached a new all-time high at 178,351 or 21.2% of the total cases as DOH reported 12,225 new cases and 946 recuperated patients, with total cases at 840,554 and 647,683 recoveries respectively.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11-2021', 'event': 'Malacañang through its spokesperson Harry Roque announced NCR+ bubble will be placed to a more relaxed MECQ status from April 12–30, 2021 after being put under ECQ.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2021', 'event': 'COVID-19 death toll in the country had breached 15,000 mark with additional new 204 fatalities raising the total to 15,149. DOH also logged 11,378 fresh cases and 267 recuperated patients bringing the total cases to 876,225 of which 157,451 or 18% are still active cases and 703,625 as total recoveries.'}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2021', 'event': 'COVID-19 cases in the country had breached 900,000 mark with additional 11,429 new infections bringing the total to 904,285 in which 20.3% or 183,527 as active cases. DOH also recorded new 856 recoveries and 148 fatalities, pushing the total to 705,164 for recuperated patients and 15,594 for death toll.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-2021', 'event': 'The number of recoveries in the country had reached an all-time high at 72,607 recorded in a single day since the start of the pandemic. Meanwhile, DOH also logged 10,098 new cases and 150 fatalities, pushing the total cases to 936,133 in which 141,089 or 15.1% are active; and death toll at 15,960.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19-2021', 'event': "FDA approved EUA of Bharat Biotech's Covaxin and Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 vaccine as confirmed by Director General Rolando Domingo. DOH approved FDA's recommendation to lift the suspension order on the use of AstraZeneca vaccine for people under 60 years old, as revealed by undersecretary Maria Rosario Vergeire."}, {'timestamp': '04-22-2021', 'event': 'An additional 500,000 shots of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA at 5:16 p.m. via a PAL flight which welcomed by vaccine czar Carlito Galvez Jr. and DOH Secretary Francisco Duque III.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2021', 'event': 'The country had breached 1-M mark on the number of COVID-19 cases with additional 8,929 new infections, swelling the total cases to 1,006,428. Meanwhile, DOH also logged new 11,333 recuperated patients and 70 deaths bringing total recoveries at 90.9% or 914,952 count and death toll at 1.67% or 16,853. Current active cases is 74,623 at 7.4%.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '02-27-2021', 'event': 'Despite clamors of imposing MGCQ for the entire country, Malacañang approved new quarantine status placing NCR, Apayao, Baguio City, Kalinga, Mt. Province, Batangas, Tacloban City, Iligan City, Davao City, and Lanao del Sur on GCQ for March 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '03-22-2021', 'event': 'The country logged a new daily high record of 8,019 new COVID-19 cases, surpassing the tally last 2 days ago, bringing the total number of cases to 671,792.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2021', 'event': 'PGH Director Dr. Gerardo Legaspi became the first official recipient of COVID-19 vaccine as vaccination rollout began in the country.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2021', 'event': "The country logged a new daily record high for the number of new COVID-19 cases at 7,999 surpassing just yesterday's record of 7,103."}, {'timestamp': '03-26-2021', 'event': 'COVID-19 cases in the Philippines breached the 700,000-mark on Friday with another record-high 9,838 newly reported infections.'}, {'timestamp': '04-19-2021', 'event': "FDA approved EUA of Bharat Biotech's Covaxin and Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 vaccine as confirmed by Director General Rolando Domingo. DOH approved FDA's recommendation to lift the suspension order on the use of AstraZeneca vaccine for people under 60 years old, as revealed by undersecretary Maria Rosario Vergeire."}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2021', 'event': 'COVID-19 cases in the country had breached 900,000 mark with additional 11,429 new infections bringing the total to 904,285 in which 20.3% or 183,527 as active cases. DOH also recorded new 856 recoveries and 148 fatalities, pushing the total to 705,164 for recuperated patients and 15,594 for death toll.'}, {'timestamp': '03-09-2021', 'event': 'The country has breached 600,000 mark on the total of number of COVID-19 cases which peaked at 600,428 as announced by DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '03-24-2021', 'event': 'Additional 400,000 doses of COVID-19 Sinovac vaccine donated by China arrived at NAIA at exactly 7:21 a.m.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2021', 'event': 'The country had breached 1-M mark on the number of COVID-19 cases with additional 8,929 new infections, swelling the total cases to 1,006,428. Meanwhile, DOH also logged new 11,333 recuperated patients and 70 deaths bringing total recoveries at 90.9% or 914,952 count and death toll at 1.67% or 16,853. Current active cases is 74,623 at 7.4%.'}, {'timestamp': '03-12-2021', 'event': 'OCTA Research group named 12 cities in NCR and 3 cities in Cebu were among the top 15 areas with a significant increasing trend in the number of new COVID-19 cases.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2021', 'event': 'Amid the sudden surge of COVID-19 cases in the country, President Rodrigo Duterte had placed NCR+ (includes NCR, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal) under GCQ starting March 22 until April 4, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2021', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte personally welcomed the arrival KLM Flight 803 carrying 487,200 doses of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine at Ninoy Aquino International Airport.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2021', 'event': 'Metro Manila Council enforced uniform curfew from 10 P.M. to 5 A.AM in NCR that will run for 2 weeks from March 15–31, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2021', 'event': 'DOH logged 7,103 new COVID-19 cases, the highest recorded number of new cases in a single day in the country since the start of pandemic.'}, {'timestamp': '03-25-2021', 'event': 'A new daily high record of 8,773 new COVID-19 cases was reported by DOH, bringing the total to 693,048 with active cases at 99,891.'}, {'timestamp': '03-07-2021', 'event': 'The country has received additional 38,400 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines which arrived at 6:43 p.m at NAIA 3 as confirmed by the National Task Force against COVID-19.'}, {'timestamp': '04-02-2021', 'event': 'The country recorded a new all-time daily high of 15,310 new COVID-19 cases as the total confirmed cases skyrocketed to 771,497.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2021', 'event': 'COVID-19 death toll in the country had breached 15,000 mark with additional new 204 fatalities raising the total to 15,149. DOH also logged 11,378 fresh cases and 267 recuperated patients bringing the total cases to 876,225 of which 157,451 or 18% are still active cases and 703,625 as total recoveries.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2021', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte personally welcomed the arrival of Philippine Airlines flight PR361 from Beijing at Villamor Airbase carrying 1M doses of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines.'}, {'timestamp': '04-11-2021', 'event': 'Malacañang through its spokesperson Harry Roque announced NCR+ bubble will be placed to a more relaxed MECQ status from April 12–30, 2021 after being put under ECQ.'}, {'timestamp': '04-18-2021', 'event': 'The number of recoveries in the country had reached an all-time high at 72,607 recorded in a single day since the start of the pandemic. Meanwhile, DOH also logged 10,098 new cases and 150 fatalities, pushing the total cases to 936,133 in which 141,089 or 15.1% are active; and death toll at 15,960.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2021', 'event': "The country's COVID-19 death toll had breached 14,000-mark, which peaked at 14,059 as DOH confirmed 242 new fatalities. Additional 6,414 fresh cases and 163 recuperated patients were also reported bringing the total cases to 819,164 and total recoveries at 646,404."}, {'timestamp': '03-27-2021', 'event': 'A new record high of 118,122 active cases out of 712,442 total COVID-19 cases with the addition of 9,595 new infections was logged by the DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '04-03-2021', 'event': 'ECQ was extended in NCR+ bubble for a week from April 5–11, 2021 as announced by Malacañang through spokesperson Harry Roque Jr.'}, {'timestamp': '03-02-2021', 'event': 'Six cases of B.1.351 South African variant was detected in the country by UP-PGC as announced by DOH.'}, {'timestamp': '2021', 'event': 'Cebu became the 1st province in the country to scrap RT-PCR requirement for incoming local tourists through Executive Order No. 12 of 2021 signed by Governor Gwendolyn Garcia as to ease travel restrictions and gradually reviving the tourism industry.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08-2021', 'event': "FDA granted an hospital's request for compassionate special permit to use Ivermectin against COVID-19 as revealed by Rolando Domingo, Director General. With reported unusual blood cloths with persons having low platelet count after inoculation, DOH temporarily stopped the use of AstraZeneca vaccine in the country upon FDA's recommendation, for people below 60 years old."}, {'timestamp': '04-05-2021', 'event': 'The country had breached the 800,000 mark as the total number of COVID-19 cases surged to 803,398 with 8,355 fresh cases reported. Active cases reached 143,726 or 17.9%; recoveries increased by 145 to 646,237; and death toll climbed by 10 to 13,435.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09-2021', 'event': 'The country logged an all-time daily record on the highest number of deaths on a single day at 401 fatalities, bringing the total death toll to 14,520. Active cases also reached a new all-time high at 178,351 or 21.2% of the total cases as DOH reported 12,225 new cases and 946 recuperated patients, with total cases at 840,554 and 647,683 recoveries respectively.'}, {'timestamp': '02-22-2021', 'event': "FDA granted EUA to Sinovac's CoronaVac, became the third vaccine with approved EUA in the country."}, {'timestamp': '04-22-2021', 'event': 'An additional 500,000 shots of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA at 5:16 p.m. via a PAL flight which welcomed by vaccine czar Carlito Galvez Jr. and DOH Secretary Francisco Duque III.'}, {'timestamp': '02-28-2021', 'event': 'At around 4 pm at Villamor Air Base, the country officially received its first batch of COVID-19 vaccines, became the last ASEAN country to do so.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2021', 'event': 'A new SARS-CoV-2 variant had emerged in the country named as P.3, a third generation COVID-19 variant with similarity with Japanese B.1.1.248 and Brazilian variant P.1.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
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[{'timestamp': '04-27-2021', 'event': 'All travelers, including those with recent travel history within the last 14 days from India were temporarily banned from entering the country, from April 29 to May 14, 2021, amid the threat of South Asian B.1.617 COVID-19 variant as announced by Malacañang spokesperson Harry Roque.'}, {'timestamp': '04-28-2021', 'event': 'MECQ status for NCR+ bubble is extended until May 14, 2021, as announced by President Rodrigo Duterte. Meanwhile, Abra, Santiago City, and Quirino were placed under MECQ; Apayao, Baguio City, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Batangas, Quezon, Tacloban City, Iligan City, Davao City, and Lanao del Sur under GCQ; and rest of the country under MGCQ from May 1–31, 2021. Metro Manila Council through Resolution 21-09 Series of 2021, agreed to adjust curfew hours from 10 pm to 4 am in NCR starting May 1, 2021, as announced by MMDA.'}, {'timestamp': '04-29-2021', 'event': 'The sixth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA at around 7:10 a.m consisting of 500,000 doses via a Cebu Pacific chartered flight from Beijing. In total, the country received a total of 3.5M doses of CoronaVac including the earlier 1M doses which had been donated by the Chinese government. The said vaccine batch will be temporarily stored in a cold storage facility in Marikina City before disseminating to LGUs.'}, {'timestamp': '04-30-2021', 'event': 'After an appeal from its LGU, Malacañang through its spokesperson, Sec. Roque announced Ifugao is now shifted to stricter MECQ on May 1–14, 2021 together with NCR+ bubble. Meanwhile, Puerto Princesa City is placed under GCQ status from May 1–31, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2021', 'event': 'The first batch of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 3:44 p.m consisting of 15,000 doses via Qatar Airways. Secretary Carlito Galvez Jr., NTF chief implementer and vaccine czar, said the 15,000 doses will be used for a dry run in preparation for the arrival of bigger shipments this month. The Philippine government started the vaccination of A4 priority group consisting of economic frontliners through a symbolic inoculation on Labor Day.'}, {'timestamp': '05-03-2021', 'event': 'Health Secretary Francisco Duque III administers President Rodrigo Duterte with the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05-2021', 'event': 'The country temporarily imposed ban to travelers including those with 14-days prior travel history from Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Pakistan from May 7 to 14, 2021 amid the threat of B.1.617 COVID-19 variant as announced by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2021', 'event': 'The country breached 1-M mark on the total number of recoveries as DOH announced additional 4,227 recuperated patients, bringing the total to 1,003,160 at 92.22% rate. Meanwhile, 7,733 fresh cases and 108 fatalities were also reported, raising the total confirmed cases to 1,087,885 and death toll to 18,099. The seventh batch of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:59 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific.'}, {'timestamp': '05-08-2021', 'event': 'The third batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around 1 p.m consisting of 2,030,400 doses via Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10-2021', 'event': 'The first batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around 9 p.m consisting of 193,050 doses via Air Hong Kong.'}, {'timestamp': '05-12-2021', 'event': "The second batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 9 p.m consisting of 15,000 doses via Qatar Airways. Food and Drug Administration Director General Eric Domingo told GMA News Online that the 15,000 doses delivered on Wednesday were Component 2 or the Sputnik V's second dose."}, {'timestamp': '05-13-2021', 'event': 'Malacañang through its spokesperson announced the shift of NCR plus to GCQ status from May 15–31, 2021, including CAR, Cagayan, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya, Batangas, Quezon, Puerto Princesa City, Iligan City, Davao City, and Lanao Del Sur.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2021', 'event': 'Santiago City, Zamboanga City, Quirino, and Ifugao were placed under MECQ and rest of the country under MGCQ from May 15–31, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '05-14-2021', 'event': 'All travelers including those with 14-days prior travel history from Oman and the United Arab Emirates were added to travel ban from May 15–31, 2021 as confirmed by Presidential spokesman Harry Roque upon the recommendation of DOH amid the threat of B.1.617 COVID-19 variant.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2021', 'event': "The eight batch of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:35 a.m consisting of 500,000 doses of government-procured via a commercial Cebu Pacific flight, bringing the country's total stockpile of the vaccine so far to 5.5 million of CoronaVac."}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2021', 'event': 'The highest daily vaccination rate was recorded in the country with 229,769 inoculations administered in a day since the start of the nationwide vaccination drive.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2021', 'event': 'Currently, a total of 3,718,308 doses were already administered to priority population which includes frontliners, senior citizens, and people with comorbidities.'}, {'timestamp': '05-23-2021', 'event': 'IATF-EID placed Iloilo City under MECQ status including the provinces of Apayao, Benguet, Cagayan from May 23–31, 2021 amid the sudden surge of COVID-19 cases.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2021', 'event': 'The country passed the 20,000 mark on the number of COVID-19 deaths as DOH recorded 36 additional fatalities bringing the death toll at 20,019.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-2021', 'event': 'Meanwhile, 3,972 fresh cases and 4,659 recuperations were also reported raising the total cases to 1,188,672 and recoveries to 1,120,452 at 94.26% rate.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2021', 'event': 'The third batch of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) from Moscow arrived at NAIA around 10:30 p.m consisting of 50,000 doses via Qatar Airways.'}, {'timestamp': '05-30-2021', 'event': "Barangay Namruangan in Cabugao, Ilocos Sur was placed under 'extreme' ECQ from May 29 to June 11, 2021, through a resolution approved by Mayor Edgardo Cobangbang Jr. due to rising number of COVID-19 cases."}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2021', 'event': "President Rodrigo Duterte approved IATF-EID's recommendation to extend GCQ in the NCR+ bubble from June 1–15, 2021."}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2021', 'event': 'Also placed under GCQ are Baguio City, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Abra, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Batangas, Quezon, Iligan City, Davao City, Lanao del Sur, and Cotabato City from June 1–30, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2021', 'event': 'Meanwhile, MECQ were set to Santiago City, Cagayan, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Puerto Princesa City, Iloilo City, Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Cagayan de Oro City, Butuan City, and Agusan del Sur; and MGCQ for the rest of the country from June 1–15, 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '05-31-2021', 'event': 'Travel ban was extended from June 1–15, 2021 for travelers from India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates as to prevent the spread of the double mutant B.1617 COVID-19 variant upon the approval of President Rodrigo Duterte.'}, {'timestamp': '06-06-2021', 'event': 'The ninth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:36 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-07-2021', 'event': 'FDA Director General Eric Domingo confirmed the approval of EUA of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, becoming the 8th vaccine to receive regulatory approval in the country after Sinovac, Pfizer-BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Gamaleya-Sputnik V, Johnson & Johnson, Covaxin and Moderna.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '04-27-2021', 'event': 'All travelers, including those with recent travel history within the last 14 days from India were temporarily banned from entering the country, from April 29 to May 14, 2021, amid the threat of South Asian B.1.617 COVID-19 variant as announced by Malacañang spokesperson Harry Roque.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
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[{'timestamp': '06-08-2021', 'event': 'The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the amendment to the emergency use authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine for individuals 12 and above, a health official confirmed Tuesday.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2021', 'event': 'The tenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:28 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2021', 'event': 'The second batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around 8:30 p.m consisting of 2,279,160 doses via Air Hong Kong.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2021', 'event': 'The fourth batch of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) from Moscow arrived at NAIA consisting of 100,000 doses via Qatar Airways.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2021', 'event': "DOH Undersecretary and treatment czar Leopoldo Vega revealed that only 2% of the country's 109.48M population are fully vaccinated who are able to receive both doses of COVID-19 vaccines after three months since the start of the vaccination rollout."}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2021', 'event': 'The eleventh batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:30 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-2021', 'event': 'The twelfth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:26 a.m consisting of 2,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2021', 'event': 'The first batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 11 p.m consisting of 249,600 doses via Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2021', 'event': 'The thirteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2021', 'event': 'The Philippines has administered more than 10 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to its population nearly four months since its inoculation program began.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08-2021', 'event': 'The fourth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) arrived at NAIA around 8:26 p.m consisting of 1,124,100 doses via All Nippon Airways flight from Japan.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-2021', 'event': 'The fifth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from COVAX facility arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 4 p.m consisting of 2,028,100 doses via Emirates flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-2021', 'event': 'The fourth batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 10:50 p.m consisting of 132,200 doses via Qatar Airways flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-2021', 'event': 'The fifth batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 9:30 p.m consisting of 37,800 doses via Korean Air flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2021', 'event': 'The fourteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 8 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2021', 'event': 'The second batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 5 p.m consisting of 250,800 doses via Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'The fifth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 10 a.m consisting of 1,150,800 doses via China Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'The first batch of Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the US and COVAX arrived at NAIA around 4 p.m consisting of 1,606,600 doses via Emirates flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'The country had breached 1.5 M mark on the number of COVID-19 cases as 6,040 fresh cases were added, bringing the cumulative total to 1,502,359.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'Meanwhile, DOH also recorded 7,213 recoveries, raising total recuperated patients to 1,428,504 which 95.1% of the total case.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'However, death total was increased to 26,598 as 122 succumbed patients were added to the list.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'The fifteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 8 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'The second batch of Janssen COVID-19 vaccine arrived (donated) from the US and COVAX at NAIA around 4 p.m consisting of 1,632,800 doses via Emirates flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21', 'event': 'The third batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 6:45 p.m consisting of 511,290 doses via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22', 'event': 'The sixteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:48 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23', 'event': 'The seventeenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26', 'event': 'The fourth batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 6:35 p.m consisting of 375,570 doses via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29', 'event': 'The eighteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:30 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30', 'event': 'The nineteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:38 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02', 'event': 'The sixth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around 4:30 p.m consisting of 415,040 doses from the United Kingdom.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03', 'event': 'The third batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around afternoon consisting of 3,000,060 doses through COVAX.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05', 'event': 'The twentieth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 p.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08', 'event': 'The fourth batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 4 p.m consisting of 326,400 doses via Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'The first batch of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine arrived at NAIA around 1 p.m consisting of 100,000 doses via Etihad Airways flight donated by United Arab Emirates.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'The fifth batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 8:30 p.m consisting of 813,150 doses via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12', 'event': 'The twenty-first batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 p.m consisting of 2,000,000 doses via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13', 'event': 'The sixth batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 5 p.m consisting of 15,000 doses via Qatar Airways flight QR-932.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': 'The country logged the highest single day record of new COVID-19 cases which is 17,231, stretching the total cases to 1,807,800 and active cases to 123,251 despite two laboratories failing to submit their reports.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': 'The second batch of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine donated by the Chinese government arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 around 5:55 p.m consisting of 739,200 doses via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': 'The third batch of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine (donated) consisting of 260,800 doses and the twenty-second batch of Sinovac vaccine (procured) consisting of 1 M doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 around 6:40 a.m. via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': "FDA approved EUA of Sputnik Light, a single-dose COVID-19 vaccine developed by Russia's Gamaleya Institute as announced by vaccine czar Carlito Galvez, Jr. and later confirmed by FDA Director General Eric Domingo."}, {'timestamp': '08-28', 'event': 'The country recorded a new highest single-day fresh cases with 19,441 pushing active cases and total cases to 142,679 (7.4% ) and 1,935,700 respectively.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '07-15-2021', 'event': 'The second batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 5 p.m consisting of 250,800 doses via Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-08', 'event': 'The fourth batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 4 p.m consisting of 326,400 doses via Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': "FDA approved EUA of Sputnik Light, a single-dose COVID-19 vaccine developed by Russia's Gamaleya Institute as announced by vaccine czar Carlito Galvez, Jr. and later confirmed by FDA Director General Eric Domingo."}, {'timestamp': '08-28', 'event': 'The country recorded a new highest single-day fresh cases with 19,441 pushing active cases and total cases to 142,679 (7.4% ) and 1,935,700 respectively.'}, {'timestamp': '06-13-2021', 'event': "DOH Undersecretary and treatment czar Leopoldo Vega revealed that only 2% of the country's 109.48M population are fully vaccinated who are able to receive both doses of COVID-19 vaccines after three months since the start of the vaccination rollout."}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'The country had breached 1.5 M mark on the number of COVID-19 cases as 6,040 fresh cases were added, bringing the cumulative total to 1,502,359.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29', 'event': 'The eighteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:30 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2021', 'event': 'The second batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around 8:30 p.m consisting of 2,279,160 doses via Air Hong Kong.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'The first batch of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine arrived at NAIA around 1 p.m consisting of 100,000 doses via Etihad Airways flight donated by United Arab Emirates.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-2021', 'event': 'The fifth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from COVAX facility arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 4 p.m consisting of 2,028,100 doses via Emirates flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '06-17-2021', 'event': 'The eleventh batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:30 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13', 'event': 'The sixth batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 5 p.m consisting of 15,000 doses via Qatar Airways flight QR-932.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27-2021', 'event': 'The first batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 11 p.m consisting of 249,600 doses via Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'The first batch of Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the US and COVAX arrived at NAIA around 4 p.m consisting of 1,606,600 doses via Emirates flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24-2021', 'event': 'The twelfth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:26 a.m consisting of 2,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'The second batch of Janssen COVID-19 vaccine arrived (donated) from the US and COVAX at NAIA around 4 p.m consisting of 1,632,800 doses via Emirates flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '06-08-2021', 'event': 'The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the amendment to the emergency use authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine for individuals 12 and above, a health official confirmed Tuesday.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': 'The second batch of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine donated by the Chinese government arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 around 5:55 p.m consisting of 739,200 doses via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-11-2021', 'event': 'The fourth batch of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) from Moscow arrived at NAIA consisting of 100,000 doses via Qatar Airways.'}, {'timestamp': '07-14-2021', 'event': 'The fourteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 8 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-11', 'event': 'The fifth batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 8:30 p.m consisting of 813,150 doses via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22', 'event': 'The sixteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:48 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09-2021', 'event': 'The fourth batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 10:50 p.m consisting of 132,200 doses via Qatar Airways flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08-2021', 'event': 'The fourth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) arrived at NAIA around 8:26 p.m consisting of 1,124,100 doses via All Nippon Airways flight from Japan.'}, {'timestamp': '06-10-2021', 'event': 'The tenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:28 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-16-2021', 'event': 'The fifth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 10 a.m consisting of 1,150,800 doses via China Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26', 'event': 'The fourth batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 6:35 p.m consisting of 375,570 doses via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'Meanwhile, DOH also recorded 7,213 recoveries, raising total recuperated patients to 1,428,504 which 95.1% of the total case.'}, {'timestamp': '07-21', 'event': 'The third batch of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 6:45 p.m consisting of 511,290 doses via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': 'The third batch of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine (donated) consisting of 260,800 doses and the twenty-second batch of Sinovac vaccine (procured) consisting of 1 M doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 around 6:40 a.m. via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12', 'event': 'The twenty-first batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 p.m consisting of 2,000,000 doses via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-03', 'event': 'The third batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around afternoon consisting of 3,000,060 doses through COVAX.'}, {'timestamp': '07-23', 'event': 'The seventeenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-30', 'event': 'The nineteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7:38 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2021', 'event': 'The thirteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 a.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05', 'event': 'The twentieth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 7 p.m consisting of 1,000,000 doses via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': 'The country logged the highest single day record of new COVID-19 cases which is 17,231, stretching the total cases to 1,807,800 and active cases to 123,251 despite two laboratories failing to submit their reports.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'The fifteenth batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 8 a.m consisting of 1,500,000 doses via Cebu Pacific flight.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2021', 'event': 'However, death total was increased to 26,598 as 122 succumbed patients were added to the list.'}, {'timestamp': '08-02', 'event': 'The sixth batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine arrived at NAIA around 4:30 p.m consisting of 415,040 doses from the United Kingdom.'}, {'timestamp': '06-28-2021', 'event': 'The Philippines has administered more than 10 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to its population nearly four months since its inoculation program began.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10-2021', 'event': 'The fifth batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) arrived at NAIA around 9:30 p.m consisting of 37,800 doses via Korean Air flight.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
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[{'timestamp': '08-30', 'event': 'For the 4th time in a single month, new COVID-19 cases in the country reached an all-time high peaking at 22,366 tally, raising active cases and total cases to 148,594(7.5%) and 1,976,202 respectively.'}, {'timestamp': '08-31', 'event': 'WHO through its representative Dr. Rabindra Abeyasinghe, confirmed community transmission and dominance of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in the country.'}, {'timestamp': '09-01', 'event': 'The country breached the 2-M mark on the total number of COVID-19 cases with 2,003,955 cases cumulatively as DOH reported 14,216 new infections, pushing the number of active cases to 140,949 (7%).'}, {'timestamp': '09-03', 'event': 'FDA approved the amendment to the emergency use authorization for Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for individuals 12–17 years old.'}, {'timestamp': '09-09', 'event': 'The country logged the highest daily COVID-19 cases with 22,820, bringing active cases to 166,672 (7.7%) and total accumulative count to 2,161,892.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte through Proclamation No. 1218 extended national state of calamity due to COVID-19 for another year.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10', 'event': 'Another batch of AstraZeneca vaccine (procured) consisting of 502,000 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 9 a.m. via China Airlines Flight CI 701.'}, {'timestamp': '09-10', 'event': 'Another batch of Sinovac vaccine (procured) consisting of 1.5 million doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 5:55 p.m. via Philippine Airlines Flight PR359.'}, {'timestamp': '09-11', 'event': 'The country yet again recorded the highest daily cases of COVID-19 with 26,303 new infections, stretching active cases to 185,706 (8.4%) and total count to 2,206,021.'}, {'timestamp': '09-13', 'event': 'Another batch of Sinovac vaccine (procured) consisting of 2 million doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 7 a.m. via Philippine Airlines flight from Beijing.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18', 'event': 'Another batch of Moderna vaccine (procured) consisting of 961,000 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 4 p.m.of via China Airlines flight from the United States.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18', 'event': 'Another of batch Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (donated) consisting of 190,000 doses which is allotted for second dose arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 11 p.m. from Russian Direct Investment Fund.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines (donated) consisting of 561,500 doses from COVAX facility arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 in the evening via Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '09-22-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 940,680 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9:20 p.m via Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '09-23-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 728,910 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9:20 p.m via Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '09-26-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Sinovac vaccines (procured) consisting of 3 million doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 6 p.m. via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '09-27-2021', 'event': 'With the addition of 18,449 new cases, the country breached 2.5 million on the number of COVID-19 cases, with cumulative total of 2,509,177 wherein 158,169 (6.3%) are still active cases. Meanwhile, DOH also reported 21,811 new recoveries and 93 fatalities bringing total number of recuperated patients to 2,313,412 (92.2%) and death toll at 37,494 (1.5%).'}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2021', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte approved vaccination of general population, including minors, against COVID-19 that will start in October 2021 as announced by Malacañang.'}, {'timestamp': '09-29-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (procured) consisting of 391,000 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8:30 p.m. via Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '09-30-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,233,300 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 9:30 a.m. via China Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (donated) consisting of 883,350 doses from COVAX Facility arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 4:15 p.m. via Emirates flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Sinovac vaccines (procured) consisting of 2.5 million doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 5:40 p.m. via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-02-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (donated) from COVAX Facility consisting of 889,200 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 4:15 p.m via Emirates flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (donated) from COVAX Facility consisting of 1,813,500 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 3:30 a.m. via De Havilland Beaver U-6A flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,015,560 doses in which 76,050 doses allocated for Visayas first arrived at Mactan–Cebu International Airport around 6:35 p.m.; and 862,290 doses allocated for Luzon arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8:30 p.m., via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,003,860 doses in which 141,570 doses (allocated for Visayas) first arrived at MCIA in the evening, followed by 797,940 doses (allocated for Luzon) at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8:45 p.m. via Air Hongkong flight LD-456.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Moderna vaccines (procured) consisting of 2,132,140 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 9:30 a.m. via China Airlines flight CI 701.'}, {'timestamp': '10-08-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of AstraZeneca vaccines (procured) consisting of 661,100 doses also at NAIA Terminal 1 around 9:30 a.m via same China Airlines flight CI 701.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Moderna vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,363,300 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 4:00 p.m. via China Airlines flight CI 703.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (donated) consisting of 918,450 doses from COVAX Facility arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 4:15 p.m. via Emirates Airlines flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (donated) consisting of 924,300 doses from COVAX Facility arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 4:00 p.m. via Emirates Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-11-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (procured) consisting of 272,610 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9:20 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,015,560 doses - 76,050 doses arrived at MCIA at around 6:35 p.m.; 862,290 doses at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9:35 p.m. via an Air Hongkong flight; and the remaining 77,220 doses arrived at FBIA Friday morning via PAL Flight PR 1809.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of AstraZeneca vaccines (donated) by Germany consisting of 844,800 doses from COVAX Facility arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 via Emirates Airlines Flight EK332 at around 4 p.m.'}, {'timestamp': '10-15-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,068,210 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 via Air Hongkong Flight at around 9 p.m.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Sputnik V vaccines (procured) consisting of 720,000 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 via Emirates Airlines Flight EK332 at around 4 p.m.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccines (procured) consisting of 207,090 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9 p.m. via Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-20-2021', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) consisting of 2,000 doses from the government of Brunei arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at 2:10 p.m. on board a Royal Brunei Airlines aircraft flight BI 683.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-30', 'event': 'For the 4th time in a single month, new COVID-19 cases in the country reached an all-time high peaking at 22,366 tally, raising active cases and total cases to 148,594(7.5%) and 1,976,202 respectively.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
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[{'timestamp': '10-21-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,014,390 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 10 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong plane.'}, {'timestamp': '10-21-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 400,000 jabs arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 10 p.m. via a Qatar Airways flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-2021', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (procured) for a private sector under "Dose of Hope” program consisting of 698,600 vials inside RAP80995 PC envirotainer via a China Airlines flight arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at early morning.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,016,730 shots arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 10 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-24-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine consisting of 3 million doses (1 million donated and 2 million procured) from China arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 past 6 p.m. on board a Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccine (procured) consisting of 976,950 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 9 p.m. via an Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-28', 'event': 'The country received a batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the government of Japan consisting of 896,000 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 1 at 12:30 p.m. via an All Nippon Airways flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-29', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer vaccine (procured) consisting of 976,440 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9:10 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD3458.'}, {'timestamp': '10-30', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the government of Japan consisting of 1,065,600 jabs landed at NAIA Terminal 1 at past 12:30 p.m. via an ANA Cargo flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-30', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from COVAX facility consisting of 1,546,200 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at past 3 p.m. via an Emirates flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-31', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Pfrizer COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the US through COVAX facility consisting of 2,098,980 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 7:00 p.m. via a Silk Way West Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-02', 'event': 'A batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 2.7 million shots (1,350,000 doses each of Sputnik V Components I and II), arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 3 p.m. via Philippine Airlines Flight PR8623.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte personally welcomed the arrival of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 2,805,000 doses at Villamor Air Base, Pasay City, delivered via Air Bridge Cargo Airlines at around 7:30 p.m.'}, {'timestamp': '11-09', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) consisting of 793,900 doses from COVAX facility from the government of Germany arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 4 p.m. via Emirates Flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 3 million vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 11 a.m via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 866,970 shots arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 shortly before 9 p.m. via an Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 3 million jabs from China landed at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 6 p.m. via Philippine Airline flight PR359.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 (procured) consisting of 866,970 doses from the US arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9 p.m. via Air HongKong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,279,000 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 via China Airlines flight CI701 at roughly 10 a.m.'}, {'timestamp': '11-12', 'event': "IATF-EID approved the DFA's recommendation to recognize COVID-19 vaccination certificates from the following countries: Albania, Australia, Austria, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Maldives, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Palau, Samoa, Singapore, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, and Vietnam."}, {'timestamp': '11-15', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines (donated) consisting of 301,860 doses from the United States through WHO and COVAX arrived at past 10 p.m. at NAIA Terminal 3 via an Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-16', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 1.3 million vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 9 a.m. via a China Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-17', 'event': "Country's FDA approved EUA of Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, developed by Serum Institute of India and Novavax."}, {'timestamp': '11-17', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac vaccine (procured) consisting of 3,530,400 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 past 7 a.m. via a PAL flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-18', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of additional 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 9:20 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,306,000 jabs arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at 9:51 a.m. via a China Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': "The first batch of Sputnik Light (donated), a single dose COVID-19 vaccine developed by Moscow's Gamaleya Institute, consisting of 5,000 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 past 2 p.m. via AirBridge Cargo flight RU9230."}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': 'Accompanied with this flight is a batch of Sputnik V vaccine (procured) consisting of 2,805,000 vials.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': 'A batch of additional Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of additional 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 9 p.m. via Air HongKong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 8 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines (donated) from Australia arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 10:05 a.m via Cathay Pacific Airlines flight CX907.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24', 'event': 'A batch of additional Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines (procured) consisting of additional 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 9 p.m. via Air HongKong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines (donated) from the United Kingdom (UK) through the Covax Facility consisting of 3,191,040 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at 4:03 p.m. via Emirates Flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,017,900 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8 p.m. via an Air HongKong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30', 'event': 'The country received a batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from South Korea consisting of 539,430 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01', 'event': 'The country received a batch of AstraZeneca vaccines (donated) from the government of France through COVAX consisting of 1,632,900 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 4 p.m. via Emirates flight EK 332.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer vaccine doses (procured) consisting of 1,082,250 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 3 around 8 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,497,200 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 past around 3:30 p.m via China Airlines.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,085,760 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '11-09', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) consisting of 793,900 doses from COVAX facility from the government of Germany arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 4 p.m. via Emirates Flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '11-18', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of additional 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 9:20 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '11-20', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 8 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-30', 'event': 'The country received a batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from South Korea consisting of 539,430 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '10-29', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer vaccine (procured) consisting of 976,440 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9:10 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD3458.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': 'Accompanied with this flight is a batch of Sputnik V vaccine (procured) consisting of 2,805,000 vials.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 3 million jabs from China landed at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 6 p.m. via Philippine Airline flight PR359.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer vaccine doses (procured) consisting of 1,082,250 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 3 around 8 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '10-28', 'event': 'The country received a batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the government of Japan consisting of 896,000 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 1 at 12:30 p.m. via an All Nippon Airways flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-17', 'event': "Country's FDA approved EUA of Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, developed by Serum Institute of India and Novavax."}, {'timestamp': '10-22-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,016,730 shots arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 10 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-11', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 (procured) consisting of 866,970 doses from the US arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9 p.m. via Air HongKong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-2021', 'event': 'Another batch of Pfizer vaccine (procured) consisting of 976,950 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 9 p.m. via an Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-12', 'event': "IATF-EID approved the DFA's recommendation to recognize COVID-19 vaccination certificates from the following countries: Albania, Australia, Austria, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Maldives, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Palau, Samoa, Singapore, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, and Vietnam."}, {'timestamp': '11-17', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac vaccine (procured) consisting of 3,530,400 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 past 7 a.m. via a PAL flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24', 'event': 'A batch of additional Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines (procured) consisting of additional 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 9 p.m. via Air HongKong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-08', 'event': 'President Rodrigo Duterte personally welcomed the arrival of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 2,805,000 doses at Villamor Air Base, Pasay City, delivered via Air Bridge Cargo Airlines at around 7:30 p.m.'}, {'timestamp': '10-30', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from COVAX facility consisting of 1,546,200 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at past 3 p.m. via an Emirates flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-21-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 400,000 jabs arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 10 p.m. via a Qatar Airways flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-24-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine consisting of 3 million doses (1 million donated and 2 million procured) from China arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 past 6 p.m. on board a Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-31', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Pfrizer COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the US through COVAX facility consisting of 2,098,980 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 7:00 p.m. via a Silk Way West Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10', 'event': 'A batch of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 3 million vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 11 a.m via Philippine Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '10-21-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,014,390 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 10 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong plane.'}, {'timestamp': '11-15', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines (donated) consisting of 301,860 doses from the United States through WHO and COVAX arrived at past 10 p.m. at NAIA Terminal 3 via an Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,279,000 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 via China Airlines flight CI701 at roughly 10 a.m.'}, {'timestamp': '10-22-2021', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (procured) for a private sector under "Dose of Hope” program consisting of 698,600 vials inside RAP80995 PC envirotainer via a China Airlines flight arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at early morning.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,085,760 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 9 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines (donated) from the United Kingdom (UK) through the Covax Facility consisting of 3,191,040 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at 4:03 p.m. via Emirates Flight EK332.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines (donated) from Australia arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 10:05 a.m via Cathay Pacific Airlines flight CX907.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,497,200 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 past around 3:30 p.m via China Airlines.'}, {'timestamp': '11-16', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 1.3 million vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at around 9 a.m. via a China Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,306,000 jabs arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at 9:51 a.m. via a China Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-02', 'event': 'A batch of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 2.7 million shots (1,350,000 doses each of Sputnik V Components I and II), arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 at around 3 p.m. via Philippine Airlines Flight PR8623.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': "The first batch of Sputnik Light (donated), a single dose COVID-19 vaccine developed by Moscow's Gamaleya Institute, consisting of 5,000 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 2 past 2 p.m. via AirBridge Cargo flight RU9230."}, {'timestamp': '11-19', 'event': 'A batch of additional Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of additional 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 9 p.m. via Air HongKong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01', 'event': 'The country received a batch of AstraZeneca vaccines (donated) from the government of France through COVAX consisting of 1,632,900 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 around 4 p.m. via Emirates flight EK 332.'}, {'timestamp': '10-30', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (donated) from the government of Japan consisting of 1,065,600 jabs landed at NAIA Terminal 1 at past 12:30 p.m. via an ANA Cargo flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 866,970 shots arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 shortly before 9 p.m. via an Air Hongkong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-25', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines (procured) consisting of 1,017,900 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8 p.m. via an Air HongKong flight.'}]
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
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[{'timestamp': '12-08', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,082,250 arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8:30 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09', 'event': 'A batch of Astrazeneca vaccines (procured) for a private sector consisting of 255,200 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 1 morning via a Korean Air flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,017,900 jabs arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 evening via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna vaccines (procured) consisting of 2,948,000 doses - 2,102,000 doses were purchased by the government, while 846,000 doses were bought by the private sector, landed at NAIA Terminal 1 around 9:35 a.m. via China Airlines flight CI701.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca vaccine (procured) consisting of 698,600 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 around 9:35 a.m. via the same China Airlines flight CI701.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 859,950 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at 9:05 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2021', 'event': 'DOH recorded first two cases of COVID-19 Omicron variant which came from the samples taken from a Returning Overseas Filipino (ROF) from Japan who arrived on December 1 via Philippine Airlines PR 0427 and a Nigerian national who arrived from Nigeria on November 30 via Oman Air WY 843.'}, {'timestamp': '12-17-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Moderna vaccine (donated) from the German government through COVAX consisting of 1,020,500 doses which landed at NAIA Terminal 3 shortly before 4 p.m. via Singapore Airlines Flight SQ912.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2021', 'event': 'The country received a fresh batch of Pfrizer BioNTech vaccine (donated) from the French government through COVAX consisting of 811,980 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 9 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Moderna vaccine (donated) from the German government through COVAX consisting of 1,062,100 doses which landed at NAIA Terminal 3 shortly before 4 p.m. via a Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Pfizer vaccine (donated) from the US through COVAX consisting of 1,776,060 shots which landed at NAIA Terminal 3 around 4 p.m. via an Emirates flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-2021', 'event': 'The country logged the lowest daily cases of COVID-19 this year which is 168 fresh cases, bringing the cumulative tally of 2,837,719 with 9,384 (0.31%) as active cases. It is also the lowest record since May 2020.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Pfizer vaccine (donated) from the French government through COVAX consisting of 810,810 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal around 9 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-23-2021', 'event': 'FDA approved for the first anti-COVID pill emergency use authorization for Molnupiravir.'}, {'timestamp': '12-23-2021', 'event': 'FDA approved the amendment to the emergency use authorization for Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for individuals 5–11 years old.'}, {'timestamp': '12-24-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,405,170 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at 3:40 am via an Emirates flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-25-2021', 'event': 'Metro Manila becomes the first region in the country to meet its 70% vaccination goal, with 9.59 million individuals have been fully vaccinated as of this date.'}, {'timestamp': '12-27-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna vaccine (donated) from the government of Germany through COVAX consisting of 587,800 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 past 4 p.m. via Emirates flight EK 322.'}, {'timestamp': '12-28-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Astrazeneca vaccine (procured) consisting of 2,005,300 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 1 around 11 a.m. via Korean Air flight KE621.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2021', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,981,500 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 around 11 a.m. via a Korean Air flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-30-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Prizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 before 9 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '12-18-2021', 'event': 'The country received a fresh batch of Pfrizer BioNTech vaccine (donated) from the French government through COVAX consisting of 811,980 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 past 9 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-28-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Astrazeneca vaccine (procured) consisting of 2,005,300 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 1 around 11 a.m. via Korean Air flight KE621.'}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2021', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,981,500 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 around 11 a.m. via a Korean Air flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-30-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Prizer COVID-19 vaccine (procured) consisting of 609,570 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 before 9 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-21-2021', 'event': 'The country logged the lowest daily cases of COVID-19 this year which is 168 fresh cases, bringing the cumulative tally of 2,837,719 with 9,384 (0.31%) as active cases. It is also the lowest record since May 2020.'}, {'timestamp': '12-25-2021', 'event': 'Metro Manila becomes the first region in the country to meet its 70% vaccination goal, with 9.59 million individuals have been fully vaccinated as of this date.'}, {'timestamp': '12-17-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Moderna vaccine (donated) from the German government through COVAX consisting of 1,020,500 doses which landed at NAIA Terminal 3 shortly before 4 p.m. via Singapore Airlines Flight SQ912.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Moderna vaccine (donated) from the German government through COVAX consisting of 1,062,100 doses which landed at NAIA Terminal 3 shortly before 4 p.m. via a Singapore Airlines flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna vaccines (procured) consisting of 2,948,000 doses - 2,102,000 doses were purchased by the government, while 846,000 doses were bought by the private sector, landed at NAIA Terminal 1 around 9:35 a.m. via China Airlines flight CI701.'}, {'timestamp': '12-08', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,082,250 arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 at around 8:30 p.m. via an Air Hong Kong flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 859,950 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 at 9:05 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-22-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Pfizer vaccine (donated) from the French government through COVAX consisting of 810,810 doses which arrived at NAIA Terminal around 9 p.m. via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-15-2021', 'event': 'DOH recorded first two cases of COVID-19 Omicron variant which came from the samples taken from a Returning Overseas Filipino (ROF) from Japan who arrived on December 1 via Philippine Airlines PR 0427 and a Nigerian national who arrived from Nigeria on November 30 via Oman Air WY 843.'}, {'timestamp': '12-10', 'event': 'A batch of AstraZeneca vaccine (procured) consisting of 698,600 vials arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 around 9:35 a.m. via the same China Airlines flight CI701.'}, {'timestamp': '12-23-2021', 'event': 'FDA approved the amendment to the emergency use authorization for Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for individuals 5–11 years old.'}, {'timestamp': '12-23-2021', 'event': 'FDA approved for the first anti-COVID pill emergency use authorization for Molnupiravir.'}, {'timestamp': '12-24-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,405,170 doses arrived at NAIA Terminal 1 at 3:40 am via an Emirates flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-27-2021', 'event': 'A batch of Moderna vaccine (donated) from the government of Germany through COVAX consisting of 587,800 doses landed at NAIA Terminal 3 past 4 p.m. via Emirates flight EK 322.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09', 'event': 'A batch of Astrazeneca vaccines (procured) for a private sector consisting of 255,200 shots landed at NAIA Terminal 1 morning via a Korean Air flight.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09', 'event': 'A batch of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine (procured) consisting of 1,017,900 jabs arrived at NAIA Terminal 3 evening via Air Hong Kong flight LD456.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20-2021', 'event': 'The country received a batch of Pfizer vaccine (donated) from the US through COVAX consisting of 1,776,060 shots which landed at NAIA Terminal 3 around 4 p.m. via an Emirates flight.'}]
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Timeline of Maastricht
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[{'timestamp': '10 BC', 'event': 'Construction of Roman main road from Cologne to the coast (Via Belgica).'}, {'timestamp': '1st half of 1st century AD', 'event': 'Maastricht Roman bridge built; gradual development of settlement on both sides of the river Meuse.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 150', 'event': 'Construction of Roman baths and walled sanctuary (with a 9-meter sculpted Jupiter column).'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 270', 'event': 'Destruction of Roman Maastricht by invading Germanic tribes.'}, {'timestamp': '333', 'event': 'Roman Castellum, Maastricht (fortress) built.'}, {'timestamp': '384', 'event': 'Death of Saint Servatius in Maastricht (traditional); establishment of Roman Catholic Diocese of Maastricht (uncertain; this may have happened in the 6th c. only).'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 570', 'event': 'Bishop Monulph builds a large stone church on the grave of Saint Servatius.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 590-670', 'event': 'At least twelve royal mint masters active in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '595', 'event': 'Childebert II in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '667-670', 'event': 'Childeric II in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '690-695', 'event': 'Clovis IV in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 700', 'event': 'Murder of Lambert of Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '720', 'event': 'Seat of the Maastricht diocese moved to Liège (traditional date; this may have happened later in the 8th/9th c.).'}, {'timestamp': 'late 8th/early 9th c.', 'event': 'Alcuin and Einhard (lay) abbots of Saint Servatius.'}, {'timestamp': '881', 'event': 'Sack of Maastricht by Vikings.'}, {'timestamp': '1001', 'event': 'Reburial of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine in the crypt of the church of Saint Servatius.'}, {'timestamp': '11th/12th c.', 'event': 'Chapter of Saint Servatius at its apogee; at least five successive provosts were chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire; collegiate churches of Saint Servatius and Our Lady renewed.'}, {'timestamp': '1204', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1204) by Hugues de Pierrepont, prince-bishop of Liège, and Louis II, Count of Loon; Maastricht condominium established between Liège and Brabant.'}, {'timestamp': '1229', 'event': 'Duke of Brabant gives permission to replace the (partly?) earthen defence works by a stone city wall.'}, {'timestamp': '1230', 'event': "Order of St Mary Magdalene ('white nuns') establish monastery in Maastricht (until 1796)."}, {'timestamp': '1234', 'event': 'Franciscans establish a monastery in Maastricht (throughout the ages around twenty Franciscan monasteries existed in Maastricht, including Third Order monasteries).'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 1240', 'event': "Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony establish monastery ('commandry') in Maastricht (until 1783)."}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 1250', 'event': 'Dominicans and Augustinians establish monasteries in Maastricht (until 1796).'}, {'timestamp': '1251', 'event': 'First mention of Nieuwenhof beguinage, later turned into several monasteries of Third Order Franciscan nuns and friars.'}, {'timestamp': '1275', 'event': 'Roman bridge collapses during a procession; many drowned.'}, {'timestamp': '1280-98', 'event': 'Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) built.'}, {'timestamp': '1282', 'event': 'Teutonic Order establish a commandry in Maastricht (until 1796).'}, {'timestamp': 'mid-14th century', 'event': 'second Medieval city wall built, enlarging the city surface by 400%.'}, {'timestamp': '1376', 'event': 'first mention of Saint Andrew Monastery, first a beguinage, later a monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.'}, {'timestamp': '1391', 'event': 'First recorded instance of the seven-yearly Pilgrimage of the Relics.'}, {'timestamp': '1407/08', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1407/08) by Liège rebels.'}, {'timestamp': '1438', 'event': 'Crosier Monastery, Maastricht established (until 1796)'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 1470', 'event': 'Dinghuis courthouse built.'}, {'timestamp': '1476', 'event': 'De Beyart established, monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.'}, {'timestamp': '1535', 'event': 'Fifteen anabaptists burned in Vrijthof.'}, {'timestamp': '1551', 'event': 'Jacob Bathen starts printing and publishing business.'}, {'timestamp': '1566', 'event': 'Beeldenstorm in Maastricht; several churches looted by fanatic Protestants.'}, {'timestamp': '1570', 'event': 'Jesuits establish a monastery and a college (1575).'}, {'timestamp': '1576', 'event': 'Sack of Maastricht by Spanish troops and German mercenaries.'}, {'timestamp': '1579', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1579) by Spanish forces, followed by three-day sack; all Protestants killed or expelled.'}, {'timestamp': '1632', 'event': 'Capture of Maastricht by Dutch forces; equal rights for Protestants and Catholics; several churches ceded to Protestants.'}, {'timestamp': '1638', 'event': 'Maastricht Treason: 22 traitors accused of helping the Spanish in recapturing the city; nine are executed.'}, {'timestamp': '1662', 'event': 'Municipal library founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1673', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1673) by French forces.'}, {'timestamp': '1678', 'event': 'Peace of Nijmegen: French vacate the city; Dutch in power.'}, {'timestamp': '1683', 'event': 'Maastricht City Hall completed, designed by Pieter Post. Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) partly re-built.'}, {'timestamp': '1748', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1748) by French forces; occupation lasted only a few months. Large scale model of the city and its fortifications built by the French (now in the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille).'}, {'timestamp': '1789', 'event': 'Bonbonnière theatre opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1793', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1793) by French forces (failed).'}, {'timestamp': '1794', 'event': 'Capture of Maastricht (1794) by French forces.'}, {'timestamp': '1795', 'event': 'Maastricht becomes capital of the French Meuse-Inférieure département as part of the French First Republic, later First French Empire (until 1814).'}, {'timestamp': '1796', 'event': 'Suppression of the monasteries and religious chapters in Maastricht; parish churches remain open if priests take the Oath of Hatred, which many refuse. Many art treasures, libraries and archives destroyed or looted.'}, {'timestamp': '1805', 'event': 'Generaalshuis (now a theater) built in Vrijthof.'}, {'timestamp': '1811', 'event': 'General Cemetery Tongerseweg established (including Jewish Cemetery, Maastricht).'}, {'timestamp': '1815', 'event': 'Maastricht becomes capital of the Province of Limburg, as part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.'}, {'timestamp': '1822', 'event': 'Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts founded (precursor of Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society; see 1929).'}, {'timestamp': '1824', 'event': 'Population: 20,271.'}, {'timestamp': '1826', 'event': 'Zuid-Willemsvaart (canal), including Bassin, Maastricht (port) opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1834', 'event': 'Petrus Regout manufacturer of glass and pottery in business.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Maastricht City Park in use.'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Saint Nicholas Church, Maastricht demolished.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': 'Maastricht Synagogue built.'}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'Liège-Maastricht Canal dug, parallel to Meuse. Many buildings on the riverside demolished, including Antonite Church, Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1851', 'event': 'Le Courrier de la Meuse French-language newspaper begins publication.'}, {'timestamp': '1853', 'event': 'Aachen-Maastricht Railway Company begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': "Saint Martin's Church, Maastricht rebuilt."}, {'timestamp': '1861', 'event': 'Liège–Maastricht railway begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1863', 'event': 'Société Céramique manufactory in business.'}, {'timestamp': '1865', 'event': 'Maastricht–Venlo railway begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1866', 'event': 'Population: 28,495.'}, {'timestamp': '1867', 'event': 'Maastricht taken off list of fortified cities. Medieval city wall and ring of outer fortifications largely dismantled between 1867 and circa 1920.'}, {'timestamp': '1877', 'event': 'Population: 29,083.'}, {'timestamp': '1881', 'event': 'Limburg State Archives headquartered in former First Minorite Church, Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1884', 'event': 'Bonnefantenmuseum established (as a museum of archaeology and local history).'}, {'timestamp': '1886', 'event': 'Courrier du Limbourg newspaper begins publication.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'MVV Maastricht football club formed.'}, {'timestamp': '1904', 'event': 'Population: 36,146.'}, {'timestamp': '1912', 'event': 'Maastricht Natural History Museum founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1915', 'event': 'Maastricht railway station opens (current station; it had several predecessors).'}, {'timestamp': '1916', 'event': 'Saint Lambert Church built in Neo-Byzantine style.'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Population: 41,305.'}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': 'Annexation of Sint Pieter and Oud-Vroenhoven, as well as parts of Borgharen, Meerssen, Amby, Heer and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 4.15 km2 to 35 km2. Its population increases to 54,268.'}, {'timestamp': '1926', 'event': 'Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie factory begins operating; large section of Mount Saint Peter becomes limestone quarry.'}, {'timestamp': '1929', 'event': 'Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society established.'}, {'timestamp': '1932', 'event': 'Wilhelmina Bridge built.'}, {'timestamp': '1935', 'event': 'Juliana Canal opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1940-05-10', 'event': 'Battle of Maastricht; German occupation begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1942', 'event': "Most of Maastricht's more than 500 Jews deported and killed in German concentration and extermination camps."}, {'timestamp': '09-13-1944', 'event': "Liberation of Maastricht: US troops of 30th Infantry Division ('Old Hickory') liberate the city."}, {'timestamp': '1944/45', 'event': "Maastricht serves as 'rest center' for allied forces. Maastricht Aachen Airport begins operating."}]
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[{'timestamp': '1867', 'event': 'Maastricht taken off list of fortified cities. Medieval city wall and ring of outer fortifications largely dismantled between 1867 and circa 1920.'}, {'timestamp': '1632', 'event': 'Capture of Maastricht by Dutch forces; equal rights for Protestants and Catholics; several churches ceded to Protestants.'}, {'timestamp': '1793', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1793) by French forces (failed).'}, {'timestamp': '1940-05-10', 'event': 'Battle of Maastricht; German occupation begins.'}, {'timestamp': '1834', 'event': 'Petrus Regout manufacturer of glass and pottery in business.'}, {'timestamp': '1251', 'event': 'First mention of Nieuwenhof beguinage, later turned into several monasteries of Third Order Franciscan nuns and friars.'}, {'timestamp': '1826', 'event': 'Zuid-Willemsvaart (canal), including Bassin, Maastricht (port) opened.'}, {'timestamp': '881', 'event': 'Sack of Maastricht by Vikings.'}, {'timestamp': '1275', 'event': 'Roman bridge collapses during a procession; many drowned.'}, {'timestamp': '1638', 'event': 'Maastricht Treason: 22 traitors accused of helping the Spanish in recapturing the city; nine are executed.'}, {'timestamp': '1795', 'event': 'Maastricht becomes capital of the French Meuse-Inférieure département as part of the French First Republic, later First French Empire (until 1814).'}, {'timestamp': '1881', 'event': 'Limburg State Archives headquartered in former First Minorite Church, Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 700', 'event': 'Murder of Lambert of Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1683', 'event': 'Maastricht City Hall completed, designed by Pieter Post. Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) partly re-built.'}, {'timestamp': '690-695', 'event': 'Clovis IV in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '09-13-1944', 'event': "Liberation of Maastricht: US troops of 30th Infantry Division ('Old Hickory') liberate the city."}, {'timestamp': '384', 'event': 'Death of Saint Servatius in Maastricht (traditional); establishment of Roman Catholic Diocese of Maastricht (uncertain; this may have happened in the 6th c. only).'}, {'timestamp': '1407/08', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1407/08) by Liège rebels.'}, {'timestamp': '1822', 'event': 'Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts founded (precursor of Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society; see 1929).'}, {'timestamp': '1001', 'event': 'Reburial of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine in the crypt of the church of Saint Servatius.'}, {'timestamp': '1673', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1673) by French forces.'}, {'timestamp': '1391', 'event': 'First recorded instance of the seven-yearly Pilgrimage of the Relics.'}, {'timestamp': '1851', 'event': 'Le Courrier de la Meuse French-language newspaper begins publication.'}, {'timestamp': '1942', 'event': "Most of Maastricht's more than 500 Jews deported and killed in German concentration and extermination camps."}, {'timestamp': '1853', 'event': 'Aachen-Maastricht Railway Company begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1815', 'event': 'Maastricht becomes capital of the Province of Limburg, as part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.'}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': 'Annexation of Sint Pieter and Oud-Vroenhoven, as well as parts of Borgharen, Meerssen, Amby, Heer and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 4.15 km2 to 35 km2. Its population increases to 54,268.'}, {'timestamp': '1234', 'event': 'Franciscans establish a monastery in Maastricht (throughout the ages around twenty Franciscan monasteries existed in Maastricht, including Third Order monasteries).'}, {'timestamp': '667-670', 'event': 'Childeric II in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 590-670', 'event': 'At least twelve royal mint masters active in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1376', 'event': 'first mention of Saint Andrew Monastery, first a beguinage, later a monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.'}, {'timestamp': '1926', 'event': 'Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie factory begins operating; large section of Mount Saint Peter becomes limestone quarry.'}, {'timestamp': '1204', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1204) by Hugues de Pierrepont, prince-bishop of Liège, and Louis II, Count of Loon; Maastricht condominium established between Liège and Brabant.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 150', 'event': 'Construction of Roman baths and walled sanctuary (with a 9-meter sculpted Jupiter column).'}, {'timestamp': '333', 'event': 'Roman Castellum, Maastricht (fortress) built.'}, {'timestamp': '1932', 'event': 'Wilhelmina Bridge built.'}, {'timestamp': '1579', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1579) by Spanish forces, followed by three-day sack; all Protestants killed or expelled.'}, {'timestamp': '11th/12th c.', 'event': 'Chapter of Saint Servatius at its apogee; at least five successive provosts were chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire; collegiate churches of Saint Servatius and Our Lady renewed.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': 'Maastricht Synagogue built.'}, {'timestamp': '1438', 'event': 'Crosier Monastery, Maastricht established (until 1796)'}, {'timestamp': '1811', 'event': 'General Cemetery Tongerseweg established (including Jewish Cemetery, Maastricht).'}, {'timestamp': '1662', 'event': 'Municipal library founded.'}, {'timestamp': '595', 'event': 'Childebert II in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1566', 'event': 'Beeldenstorm in Maastricht; several churches looted by fanatic Protestants.'}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': "Saint Martin's Church, Maastricht rebuilt."}, {'timestamp': '1904', 'event': 'Population: 36,146.'}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Maastricht City Park in use.'}, {'timestamp': '1944/45', 'event': "Maastricht serves as 'rest center' for allied forces. Maastricht Aachen Airport begins operating."}, {'timestamp': '1230', 'event': "Order of St Mary Magdalene ('white nuns') establish monastery in Maastricht (until 1796)."}, {'timestamp': '1789', 'event': 'Bonbonnière theatre opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1929', 'event': 'Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society established.'}, {'timestamp': '1865', 'event': 'Maastricht–Venlo railway begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Population: 41,305.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 270', 'event': 'Destruction of Roman Maastricht by invading Germanic tribes.'}, {'timestamp': '1794', 'event': 'Capture of Maastricht (1794) by French forces.'}, {'timestamp': '1912', 'event': 'Maastricht Natural History Museum founded.'}, {'timestamp': '1863', 'event': 'Société Céramique manufactory in business.'}, {'timestamp': 'mid-14th century', 'event': 'second Medieval city wall built, enlarging the city surface by 400%.'}, {'timestamp': '1824', 'event': 'Population: 20,271.'}, {'timestamp': '1551', 'event': 'Jacob Bathen starts printing and publishing business.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 1250', 'event': 'Dominicans and Augustinians establish monasteries in Maastricht (until 1796).'}, {'timestamp': '1570', 'event': 'Jesuits establish a monastery and a college (1575).'}, {'timestamp': '10 BC', 'event': 'Construction of Roman main road from Cologne to the coast (Via Belgica).'}, {'timestamp': '1748', 'event': 'Siege of Maastricht (1748) by French forces; occupation lasted only a few months. Large scale model of the city and its fortifications built by the French (now in the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille).'}, {'timestamp': '1576', 'event': 'Sack of Maastricht by Spanish troops and German mercenaries.'}, {'timestamp': '1280-98', 'event': 'Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) built.'}, {'timestamp': '1805', 'event': 'Generaalshuis (now a theater) built in Vrijthof.'}, {'timestamp': '1678', 'event': 'Peace of Nijmegen: French vacate the city; Dutch in power.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 570', 'event': 'Bishop Monulph builds a large stone church on the grave of Saint Servatius.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 1240', 'event': "Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony establish monastery ('commandry') in Maastricht (until 1783)."}, {'timestamp': '1861', 'event': 'Liège–Maastricht railway begins operating.'}, {'timestamp': '1916', 'event': 'Saint Lambert Church built in Neo-Byzantine style.'}, {'timestamp': '1877', 'event': 'Population: 29,083.'}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'Liège-Maastricht Canal dug, parallel to Meuse. Many buildings on the riverside demolished, including Antonite Church, Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1st half of 1st century AD', 'event': 'Maastricht Roman bridge built; gradual development of settlement on both sides of the river Meuse.'}, {'timestamp': '720', 'event': 'Seat of the Maastricht diocese moved to Liège (traditional date; this may have happened later in the 8th/9th c.).'}, {'timestamp': '1796', 'event': 'Suppression of the monasteries and religious chapters in Maastricht; parish churches remain open if priests take the Oath of Hatred, which many refuse. Many art treasures, libraries and archives destroyed or looted.'}, {'timestamp': 'ca. 1470', 'event': 'Dinghuis courthouse built.'}, {'timestamp': '1535', 'event': 'Fifteen anabaptists burned in Vrijthof.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'MVV Maastricht football club formed.'}, {'timestamp': '1915', 'event': 'Maastricht railway station opens (current station; it had several predecessors).'}, {'timestamp': '1884', 'event': 'Bonnefantenmuseum established (as a museum of archaeology and local history).'}, {'timestamp': '1866', 'event': 'Population: 28,495.'}, {'timestamp': '1935', 'event': 'Juliana Canal opened.'}, {'timestamp': '1476', 'event': 'De Beyart established, monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.'}, {'timestamp': '1282', 'event': 'Teutonic Order establish a commandry in Maastricht (until 1796).'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Saint Nicholas Church, Maastricht demolished.'}, {'timestamp': '1886', 'event': 'Courrier du Limbourg newspaper begins publication.'}, {'timestamp': 'late 8th/early 9th c.', 'event': 'Alcuin and Einhard (lay) abbots of Saint Servatius.'}, {'timestamp': '1229', 'event': 'Duke of Brabant gives permission to replace the (partly?) earthen defence works by a stone city wall.'}]
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Timeline of Maastricht
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[{'timestamp': '12-07-1944', 'event': 'Maastricht Meeting. Allied commanders Omar Bradley, Arthur Tedder, Dwight Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery and William Hood Simpson meet in Maastricht to discuss further strategy.'}, {'timestamp': '1948', 'event': 'Jan Van Eyck Academie established.'}, {'timestamp': '1950', 'event': 'Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts established.'}, {'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'Maastricht Institute of Arts active.'}, {'timestamp': '1960', 'event': 'Population: 90,202.'}, {'timestamp': '1961', 'event': 'De Geusselt stadium built.'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'Maastricht Academy of Music established.'}, {'timestamp': '1968', 'event': 'John F. Kennedy Bridge, Maastricht opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'Annexation of Borgharen, Itteren, Amby and Heer, as well as parts of Meerssen, Bemelen and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 35 km2 to 59 km2 and its population from 93,500 to 112,500.'}, {'timestamp': '1973', 'event': 'Museum aan het Vrijthof established.'}, {'timestamp': '1975', 'event': 'The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) starts as Pictura Fine Art Fair in Eurohal Exhibition Centre.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': 'Maastricht University opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1981', 'event': 'First European Council in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1987', 'event': 'Maastricht Randwyck railway station and Lumiere Cinema open.'}, {'timestamp': '1988', 'event': 'TEFAF moves to MECC Maastricht; Museumkelder Derlon (Roman excavation site) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'Population: 117,008.'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Academic Hospital Maastricht opens. 9/10 December: Second European Council in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-1992', 'event': 'Maastricht Treaty signed in city; Theater aan het Vrijthof opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'Bonnefantenmuseum moves to new building by Aldo Rossi in Céramique district.'}, {'timestamp': '1999', 'event': 'Centre Céramique (library and arts centre) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2002', 'event': "Gerd Leers becomes mayor; Mestreechs Volksleed officially adopted as the city's anthem."}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': 'Hoge Brug (pedestrian bridge) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2005', 'event': 'Limburg History Centre (HCL) created through merger of national and city archives.'}, {'timestamp': '2006', 'event': 'Entre Deux shopping mall rebuilt; Bookshop in adjacent Dominican Church, Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '2010', 'event': 'Onno Hoes becomes first openly gay mayor of Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '2013', 'event': 'Maastricht Noord railway station opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2014', 'event': 'Population: 121,906 municipality; 182,721 metro.'}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': 'Annemarie Penn-te Strake becomes first female mayor of Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '2016', 'event': 'Koning Willem-Alexandertunnel officially opened.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1961', 'event': 'De Geusselt stadium built.'}, {'timestamp': '2006', 'event': 'Entre Deux shopping mall rebuilt; Bookshop in adjacent Dominican Church, Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1950', 'event': 'Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts established.'}, {'timestamp': '2005', 'event': 'Limburg History Centre (HCL) created through merger of national and city archives.'}, {'timestamp': '1968', 'event': 'John F. Kennedy Bridge, Maastricht opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2003', 'event': 'Hoge Brug (pedestrian bridge) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'Annexation of Borgharen, Itteren, Amby and Heer, as well as parts of Meerssen, Bemelen and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 35 km2 to 59 km2 and its population from 93,500 to 112,500.'}, {'timestamp': '1948', 'event': 'Jan Van Eyck Academie established.'}, {'timestamp': '1999', 'event': 'Centre Céramique (library and arts centre) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2014', 'event': 'Population: 121,906 municipality; 182,721 metro.'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'Maastricht Academy of Music established.'}, {'timestamp': '1960', 'event': 'Population: 90,202.'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'Bonnefantenmuseum moves to new building by Aldo Rossi in Céramique district.'}, {'timestamp': '1973', 'event': 'Museum aan het Vrijthof established.'}, {'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'Maastricht Institute of Arts active.'}, {'timestamp': '2016', 'event': 'Koning Willem-Alexandertunnel officially opened.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-1944', 'event': 'Maastricht Meeting. Allied commanders Omar Bradley, Arthur Tedder, Dwight Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery and William Hood Simpson meet in Maastricht to discuss further strategy.'}, {'timestamp': '1981', 'event': 'First European Council in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '2013', 'event': 'Maastricht Noord railway station opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1988', 'event': 'TEFAF moves to MECC Maastricht; Museumkelder Derlon (Roman excavation site) opens.'}, {'timestamp': '2015', 'event': 'Annemarie Penn-te Strake becomes first female mayor of Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '2010', 'event': 'Onno Hoes becomes first openly gay mayor of Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '02-07-1992', 'event': 'Maastricht Treaty signed in city; Theater aan het Vrijthof opens.'}, {'timestamp': '1975', 'event': 'The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) starts as Pictura Fine Art Fair in Eurohal Exhibition Centre.'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Academic Hospital Maastricht opens. 9/10 December: Second European Council in Maastricht.'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'Population: 117,008.'}, {'timestamp': '2002', 'event': "Gerd Leers becomes mayor; Mestreechs Volksleed officially adopted as the city's anthem."}, {'timestamp': '1987', 'event': 'Maastricht Randwyck railway station and Lumiere Cinema open.'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': 'Maastricht University opens.'}]
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Timeline of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2007
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[{'timestamp': '05-15-2007', 'event': 'The shaky six-month cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinians collapsed when the military wing of Hamas, one of the leading Palestinian factions, resumed rocket attacks against Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2007', 'event': "Yusef Muhammad 'Abd al-Qader 'Adur – 24-year-old resident of Bani Na'im. Killed by IDF forces in Ramallah. Not participating in hostilities when he was killed."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2007', 'event': 'Khalil Mustafa Darwish al-Bayruti – 36-year-old resident of Ramallah. Killed by IDF forces in Ramallah. Not participating in hostilities when he was killed.'}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2007', 'event': "'Alaa Fawaz Muhammad Homran – 16-year-old resident of Arrabah. Killed by IDF forces in Ramallah. Not participating in hostilities when he was killed."}, {'timestamp': '01-04-2007', 'event': "Jamal Jamil 'Abd al-Jalil Jweiles – 29-year-old resident of Shuafat. Killed by IDF forces in Ramallah. Not participating in hostilities when he was killed."}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2007', 'event': "Kamal Mu'in Amin Khader – 18-year-old resident of the Jabalia refugee camp. Killed by IDF forces near Beit Hanoun while participating in hostilities."}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2007', 'event': 'Mussa Muhammad Mussa Kermutt – 21-year-old resident of Beit Lahiya. Killed by IDF forces near Beit Hanoun while participating in hostilities.'}, {'timestamp': '01-18-2007', 'event': "Muhannad Muhammad 'Abd Rabo Gahndur – 32-year-old resident of Nablus. Killed by IDF forces in Nablus while participating in hostilities."}, {'timestamp': '01-19-2007', 'event': "'Abir Bassam 'Abd Rabo 'Aramin – 10-year-old resident of 'Anata. Shot with rubber coated bullets by IDF forces in 'Anata on January 16 and died of those injuries on January 19. Not participating in hostilities when she was shot."}, {'timestamp': '01-24-2007', 'event': 'Mahran Zakaria Salman Abu Nseir – 16-year-old resident of Deir alBalah. Killed by IDF forces in Deir al-Balah. Not participating in hostilities when he was killed.'}, {'timestamp': '01-25-2007', 'event': 'Fadel Mutlaq Daji Balawaneh – 17-year-old resident of Tulkarm. Killed by IDF forces in Tulkarm. Not participating in hostilities when he was killed.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2007', 'event': 'Eilat bakery bombing – Mohammed Saksak is the first suicide bomber to carry out an attack in Eilat, killing 3 civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-2007', 'event': 'A would-be bomber and his accomplices are arrested by Israeli security forces in Bat Yam. Explosives are uncovered in a dumpster in Rishon LeZion. It was sponsored by Islamic Jihad.'}, {'timestamp': '02-25-2007', 'event': "Two 18-year-old Palestinian men (Mudar Abu Diya and Mussa Ahlil) stab a 42-year-old Israeli father as he prayed in a forest outside of Bat Ayin. Early next day, the youths are arrested by the IDF and Shin Bet and confess to the killing for 'nationalist' reasons, and did not proclaim affiliation to any Palestinian group."}, {'timestamp': '02-24-2007', 'event': "'The Israel Defense Forces are continuing in their efforts to foil the militants infrastructure which has benefited from renewed momentum in Nablus. The operation, code named 'Operation Hot Winter,' yielded the discovery of a warehouse used to manufacture explosive devices. IDF soldiers found gas tanks as well as significant quantities of spray chemicals inside the warehouse on Saturday morning.' (Brigadier-General Golan)."}, {'timestamp': '02-25-2007', 'event': 'Israel launches Operation Warm Winter and raids Nablus, where 117 of the 190 would-be bombers of 2006 were produced.'}, {'timestamp': '02-26-2007', 'event': '1 Palestinian civilian, Anan al-Tibi (41), is killed by shots fired by from a passing Israeli army jeep while attempting to escape a surrounded house. Dozens of Palestinians are injured as they clashed with troops.'}, {'timestamp': '02-28-2007', 'event': 'Residents of Nablus are confined to their homes as Israeli troops move house to house in search of wanted militants.'}, {'timestamp': '03-16-2007', 'event': 'Egyptian police arrest Salah Adnan Saleh, a Palestinian student at al-Azhar University, who belonged to Hamas and planned to blow himself up in Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2007', 'event': 'al-Quds Brigades Palestinians fire five Qassam rockets from the Gaza Strip to Israel in three different barrages after a relative period of calm.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2007', 'event': 'A Hamas sniper near the Karni terminal shoots at Israeli utility workers, moderately wounding Koby Ohayon, 42, while he was conducting repair work at a gas terminal near Kibbutz Nahal Oz.'}, {'timestamp': '03-21-2007', 'event': 'Israeli soldiers patrol the West Bank in search for wanted Palestinian militants.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2007', 'event': 'Seven Qassam rockets land across the western Negev.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29', 'event': 'Israeli soldiers search for two al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades brothers south of Jenin, arresting one. A group of teenagers confront soldiers and hurl rocks at them; soldiers fire back, killing one.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07', 'event': 'Israeli helicopter fires two missiles along the border near Jabalya after spotting militants trying to plant a bomb, killing 1 of them (Foad Abu Marof of DFLP) and wounding two other ones. Militants had been spotted planting explosives there two days earlier. Israeli army said militants have planted more than 40 bombs along the border since the cease-fire declaration.'}, {'timestamp': '04-08', 'event': 'A 17-year-old Palestinian stabs two Border Policemen near the Cave of the Patriarchs; another policemen shoots the assailant in the leg. The soldiers and the Palestinian are taken to Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem for treatment.'}, {'timestamp': '04-10', 'event': 'Recent interrogations of arrested members of Hamas in the West Bank town of Qalqilya produced information that the Islamic organization there was planning imminent militant attacks against Israel, including one using a large truck bomb, said the Shin Bet.'}, {'timestamp': '04-13', 'event': "Four protesters in an IDF-declared closed military zone are wounded in clashes with border police during demonstrations against the construction of the West Bank security fence in Bil'in. The IDF used rubber bullets and smoke grenades to disperse the rioters from the area."}, {'timestamp': '04-21', 'event': "Israeli troops continue a search for wanted militants. 3 militants, including commander of al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Zakaria Zubeidi, are killed as they traveled in Jenin."}, {'timestamp': '04-22', 'event': 'During an operation in Nablus, 2 gunmen are killed. Amin Lubada was involved in carrying out militant attacks in central Israel and in the production of explosive devices and explosive belts.'}, {'timestamp': '04-23', 'event': 'Hamas declares the Gaza truce over and fires a barrage of 28 rockets and 61 mortar shells at Israel on Independence Day.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26', 'event': 'Izz al-Deen al-Qassam Brigades fire two rockets from Gaza. One lands in the Mediterranean Sea and the other in open area.'}, {'timestamp': '04-28', 'event': 'Israeli troops shoot at four Hamas fighters trying to plant a bomb near the Israel-Gaza border, killing 3.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04', 'event': 'Undercover Border Police troops follow a vehicle of Islamic Jihad militants in Silat al-Hartiyah. The militants fire on the troops who then fire back killing three gunmen, one of them a wanted member.'}, {'timestamp': '05-05', 'event': 'The al-Quds Brigades of Islamic Jihad fire two rockets at Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06', 'event': 'Islamic Jihad fires seven Qassams into Israel. One explodes near a gas station in Sderot, and the shrapnel moderately to seriously wounds a 24-year-old employee all over his body.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07', 'event': 'A Quds rocket strikes a house in Sderot and lands near a nursery. 4 people suffer from shock, including a woman who lost consciousness.'}, {'timestamp': '05-10', 'event': 'Palestinian militants hurl several makeshift grenades at Israeli soldiers operating in the Nablus area.'}, {'timestamp': '05-11', 'event': "A Qassam rocket fired by Palestinians from north Gaza explodes near a strategic facility in Ashkelon's industrial zone."}, {'timestamp': '05-13', 'event': 'Residents of Sderot and neighboring communities announce a lawsuit against the Palestinian Authority for damages.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': 'Julien Soufir, a French Jewish immigrant, confesses to police to murder of an Arab taxi driver, Taysir Karaki, in Tel Aviv, for racist reasons.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': 'Izz el-Deen al-Qassam Brigades (Hamas) launches twenty rockets at Israel, injuring 17 Israelis and scoring a direct hit into a house with a mother and her 4-year-old son, wounding both, the mother seriously.'}, {'timestamp': '05-15-2023', 'event': 'Palestinians open fire at IDF troops operating in Jenin.'}, {'timestamp': '05-16-2023', 'event': 'Hamas fires eight rockets at Israel and threatens to draw Israel into Palestinian factional violence in the Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '05-17-2023', 'event': 'Three Qassam rockets land in Sderot; one explodes near a building in town, slightly damaging the structure.'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-2023', 'event': 'Thirteen rockets are fired into Israel from the Gaza Strip, one explodes in a Sderot gas station in town, lightly wounding 1 man, 2 more were treated for shock.'}, {'timestamp': '05-19-2023', 'event': 'A Palestinian militant cell fires rockets landing in and around the Israeli border town of Sderot, causing damage and a fire in a field.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '05-15-2007', 'event': 'The shaky six-month cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinians collapsed when the military wing of Hamas, one of the leading Palestinian factions, resumed rocket attacks against Israel.'}]
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Timeline of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2007
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[{'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'Five Kassam rockets strike Sderot and the surrounding areas in the course of two minutes.'}, {'timestamp': '06-22', 'event': 'IDF soldiers near Hebron shoot an unarmed Palestinian trying to breach the gate, injuring him. Soldiers yelled for him to halt—which he did not, fired warning shots and then shot the man. He died of his wounds in the hospital.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24', 'event': 'Palestinians fire two Qassams that land in Sderot, causing damage to two houses, including one that was already damaged from a Qassam about a month ago. Three Israelis are lightly wounded; several others are treated for shock. A Fatah offshoot and the al-Quds Brigades (Islamic Jihad) both claim responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27', 'event': "Four Palestinians are killed in a raid in Central Gaza, in a neighborhood in Gaza. The IDF said it targeted a vehicle, killing Fa'ad Ranuna, a senior commander of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad branch and another member of PIJ. The other two were civilians, Eiz al-Deen Jondiah(12) and Hazen Jondiah(30), caught in the crossfire."}, {'timestamp': '06-29', 'event': '2 mortars and a Qassam are fired into Israeli territory, causing no damage or casualties.'}, {'timestamp': '06-30', 'event': '3 members of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades are killed by an IAF missile in Central Gaza. One of the killed was identified as Salah Kopah, a senior member of the group. They were killed in the refugee camp of Jabalya.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01', 'event': 'During a raid in Jenin, the IDF kills a top commander of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Muhammad el-Haija. He was considered to be second in command in Jenin, after the Brigades commander Zakaria Zubeidia. 6 other militants were detained by the IDF in the West Bank.'}, {'timestamp': '07-05', 'event': 'IDF forces raided central Gaza, searching for weapons caches and smuggling tunnels, but met fierce resistance from Palestinian militants, especially Hamas. IDF forces noticed a large amount of Palestinian militants, and shot at them. Palestinians responded with gunfire, anti-tank missiles, explosive devices and mines. IDF now used bulldozers, tanks and choppers to fight the militants. At one point IAF jets joined the fight. In the clash, 11 Palestinian militants were killed, including nine from Hamas and one from Islamic Jihad. More than 20 people were wounded, including a Hamas cameraman and 2 Israeli soldiers. One of the people killed was Mohammed Siam, a local commander.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07', 'event': 'In an IDF operation in Gaza, 7 Qassam rocket launchers are noticed. All were destroyed by the IDF. Some were detonated with a timer.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': "5 Qassam rockets are fired into Israel. 4 landed in open area's, but one landed near a college in Sderot. Nobody was injured. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility."}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'A Palestinian militant, Mohammed Nazal, 24 is killed by IDF forces in an ambush near Jenin. He was a member of the Islamic Jihad, Palestinian sources confirmed.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10', 'event': '11 mortars are fired into Israeli territory in 3 separate barrages. 2 buildings contained damage, but there were no casualties. One mortars landed near the Kerem Shalom Crossing. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12', 'event': 'A soldier, Arbel Reich (21) is killed in Central Gaza in an ambush. IDF soldiers, together with tanks and bulldozers entered the area and when they entered the al-Bureij refugee camp, they were ambushed by Hamas militiamen with a burst of machine gun fire and RPG rockets. 2 other IDF soldiers were wounded. 2 Palestinian militants were wounded by an IAF airstrike in the same area.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19', 'event': 'A Qassam rocket fired from the northern Gaza Strip on Thursday hit a home in the city of Sderot. Seven people suffering from shock were taken to the Barzilai Medical Center in Ashkelon. A number of buildings were damaged in the strike.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22', 'event': 'Israeli aircraft killed 2 members of the Al Quds Brigades, the armed wing of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. The airstrike was a retaliation for the Qassams fired on Saturday evening, which landed in the Negev, causing some damage. Islamic Jihad confirmed two of its militants were killed in the attack while launching rockets, carried out by a chopper.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26', 'event': 'During a ground operation in the Gaza Strip, the IAF was called in and spotted Hamas militants near IDF soldiers in Southern Gaza. Tank fire then killed a Hamas militant who was holding a RPG in his hands, Palestinian sources said. The IDF said the missile was fired by a helicopter.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28', 'event': 'Two al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades militants are killed while planting a bomb near the Gaza-Israel border after ignoring warning fire to leave the area.'}, {'timestamp': '08-01', 'event': 'A Hamas operative and a Popular Resistance Committees militant are killed in Beit Lahiya. The two were spotted by Israeli soldiers operating in the area in search for Qassam rockets and their launchers. In the firefight an antitank missile was fired at Israeli soldiers, causing no injuries. Hamas and PRC confirmed its men were fighting Israeli soldiers in Beit Lahiya.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04', 'event': 'An Islamic Jihad commander, Raad Abu el-Adas is killed by Israeli forces near his home in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04', 'event': '3 Qassam rockets are fired at Sderot, causing 3 injured people.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05', 'event': 'An IDF officer was lightly injured in an operation in the Nablus area after Palestinian gunmen opened fire at the force.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05', 'event': 'Eight wanted Palestinian militant suspects were arrested across the West Bank on Sunday night.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06', 'event': 'An IDF force operating in the West Bank on Monday morning uncovered an explosive device weighing 40 kilograms (88 pounds), which was hidden inside the corpse of a sheep.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06', 'event': 'A rocket launched from northern Gaza landed in a kindergarten schoolyard in Sderot, moments after the completion of a Monday afternoon meeting between Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07', 'event': '2 Hamas gunman are killed in the Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07', 'event': 'An Israeli soldier is lightly injured by an explosive device thrown at IDF forces by a Palestinian in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09', 'event': 'IDF soldiers killed a Palestinian near the Suffa crossing in southern Gaza on Thursday afternoon.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10', 'event': 'A security guard at the Ateret Kohanim yeshiva in the Old City of Jerusalem shoots and kills a Palestinian man who snatched the weapon of another guard and used it to wound him.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14', 'event': 'Palestinians fire a rocket into Israel from the northern Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14', 'event': 'Israeli forces kill six Palestinians when they clashed with militants during a raid on the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'Israeli aircraft fired two missiles Friday at Palestinian rocket launchers in the northern Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'A clash in the West Bank village of Kafr Dan leaves two Palestinians dead.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'An IDF soldier is lightly injured when an explosive device is hurled at his jeep in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'In a rocket barrage, 3 Qassams and 13 mortars are fired into Israel by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18', 'event': 'Israeli forces shot three Palestinians near the border fence.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18', 'event': '5 Palestinian infiltrators are caught and brought back into Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': '6 Palestinians, all members of the armed wing of Hamas are killed when their vehicle was blown up by an Israeli missile.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': 'A Palestinian gunman from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine is killed by Israeli forces in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': '3 Palestinians are killed near the Gaza border fence.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': '2 Qassams are fired into Israel, one hitting a kindergarten, injuring and shocking some people.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22', 'event': 'In an airstrike in Northern Gaza, the IAF kills a top commander of Hamas, Yehia Habib in an airstrike.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22', 'event': 'In a fierce clash between the IDF and Islamic Jihad, 3 members of Islamic Jihad are killed by the IDF.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22', 'event': 'A Qassam is fired into Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': 'Islamic Jihad fires 7 Qassam rockets into Israeli territory, causing some damage.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': '3 Israeli soldiers are lightly injured by explosive devices thrown by militant Palestinians in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': '4 Hamas fighters are wounded in an aerial assault by the IAF.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24', 'event': 'An 11-year-old boy is killed in the crossfire between Palestinian militants and the IDF.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24', 'event': '2 Palestinian militants were using the morning fog to get unnoticed over the border fence but were sensed by IDF soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25', 'event': 'A senior commander of the Al Quds brigades in Jenin, the armed wing of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad is killed when undercover forces opened fire on his vehicle.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25', 'event': 'The militant wounded earlier this day, has succumbed to his wounds, Palestinian medical sources said.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'A Palestinian man is killed by IDF fire near the Gaza border fence.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'A Qassam rocket is fired into Israeli territory.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'An IDF major driving in the West Bank occasionally took the wrong turn, and drove to the Palestinian city of Jenin, instead of a settlement.'}, {'timestamp': '08-28', 'event': 'A Sderot resident is moderately injured by shrapnel from a Qassam rocket which fell on his house in his bedroom.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': 'A Palestinian gunman from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine is killed by Israeli forces in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19', 'event': 'A Qassam rocket fired from the northern Gaza Strip on Thursday hit a home in the city of Sderot. Seven people suffering from shock were taken to the Barzilai Medical Center in Ashkelon. A number of buildings were damaged in the strike.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'A clash in the West Bank village of Kafr Dan leaves two Palestinians dead.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': 'Islamic Jihad fires 7 Qassam rockets into Israeli territory, causing some damage.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06', 'event': 'An IDF force operating in the West Bank on Monday morning uncovered an explosive device weighing 40 kilograms (88 pounds), which was hidden inside the corpse of a sheep.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14', 'event': 'Israeli forces kill six Palestinians when they clashed with militants during a raid on the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-20', 'event': '6 Palestinians, all members of the armed wing of Hamas are killed when their vehicle was blown up by an Israeli missile.'}, {'timestamp': '06-27', 'event': "Four Palestinians are killed in a raid in Central Gaza, in a neighborhood in Gaza. The IDF said it targeted a vehicle, killing Fa'ad Ranuna, a senior commander of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad branch and another member of PIJ. The other two were civilians, Eiz al-Deen Jondiah(12) and Hazen Jondiah(30), caught in the crossfire."}, {'timestamp': '06-29', 'event': '2 mortars and a Qassam are fired into Israeli territory, causing no damage or casualties.'}, {'timestamp': '06-22', 'event': 'IDF soldiers near Hebron shoot an unarmed Palestinian trying to breach the gate, injuring him. Soldiers yelled for him to halt—which he did not, fired warning shots and then shot the man. He died of his wounds in the hospital.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'An IDF major driving in the West Bank occasionally took the wrong turn, and drove to the Palestinian city of Jenin, instead of a settlement.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05', 'event': 'An IDF officer was lightly injured in an operation in the Nablus area after Palestinian gunmen opened fire at the force.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22', 'event': 'In an airstrike in Northern Gaza, the IAF kills a top commander of Hamas, Yehia Habib in an airstrike.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01', 'event': 'During a raid in Jenin, the IDF kills a top commander of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Muhammad el-Haija. He was considered to be second in command in Jenin, after the Brigades commander Zakaria Zubeidia. 6 other militants were detained by the IDF in the West Bank.'}, {'timestamp': '08-14', 'event': 'Palestinians fire a rocket into Israel from the northern Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'Israeli aircraft fired two missiles Friday at Palestinian rocket launchers in the northern Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06', 'event': 'A rocket launched from northern Gaza landed in a kindergarten schoolyard in Sderot, moments after the completion of a Monday afternoon meeting between Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'In a rocket barrage, 3 Qassams and 13 mortars are fired into Israel by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07', 'event': 'An Israeli soldier is lightly injured by an explosive device thrown at IDF forces by a Palestinian in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '07-08', 'event': "5 Qassam rockets are fired into Israel. 4 landed in open area's, but one landed near a college in Sderot. Nobody was injured. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility."}, {'timestamp': '08-01', 'event': 'A Hamas operative and a Popular Resistance Committees militant are killed in Beit Lahiya. The two were spotted by Israeli soldiers operating in the area in search for Qassam rockets and their launchers. In the firefight an antitank missile was fired at Israeli soldiers, causing no injuries. Hamas and PRC confirmed its men were fighting Israeli soldiers in Beit Lahiya.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': '3 Palestinians are killed near the Gaza border fence.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10', 'event': 'A security guard at the Ateret Kohanim yeshiva in the Old City of Jerusalem shoots and kills a Palestinian man who snatched the weapon of another guard and used it to wound him.'}, {'timestamp': '05-20-2023', 'event': 'Five Kassam rockets strike Sderot and the surrounding areas in the course of two minutes.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24', 'event': '2 Palestinian militants were using the morning fog to get unnoticed over the border fence but were sensed by IDF soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21', 'event': '2 Qassams are fired into Israel, one hitting a kindergarten, injuring and shocking some people.'}, {'timestamp': '08-09', 'event': 'IDF soldiers killed a Palestinian near the Suffa crossing in southern Gaza on Thursday afternoon.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24', 'event': 'An 11-year-old boy is killed in the crossfire between Palestinian militants and the IDF.'}, {'timestamp': '07-12', 'event': 'A soldier, Arbel Reich (21) is killed in Central Gaza in an ambush. IDF soldiers, together with tanks and bulldozers entered the area and when they entered the al-Bureij refugee camp, they were ambushed by Hamas militiamen with a burst of machine gun fire and RPG rockets. 2 other IDF soldiers were wounded. 2 Palestinian militants were wounded by an IAF airstrike in the same area.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07', 'event': 'In an IDF operation in Gaza, 7 Qassam rocket launchers are noticed. All were destroyed by the IDF. Some were detonated with a timer.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22', 'event': 'Israeli aircraft killed 2 members of the Al Quds Brigades, the armed wing of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. The airstrike was a retaliation for the Qassams fired on Saturday evening, which landed in the Negev, causing some damage. Islamic Jihad confirmed two of its militants were killed in the attack while launching rockets, carried out by a chopper.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25', 'event': 'A senior commander of the Al Quds brigades in Jenin, the armed wing of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad is killed when undercover forces opened fire on his vehicle.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'A Palestinian man is killed by IDF fire near the Gaza border fence.'}, {'timestamp': '07-05', 'event': 'IDF forces raided central Gaza, searching for weapons caches and smuggling tunnels, but met fierce resistance from Palestinian militants, especially Hamas. IDF forces noticed a large amount of Palestinian militants, and shot at them. Palestinians responded with gunfire, anti-tank missiles, explosive devices and mines. IDF now used bulldozers, tanks and choppers to fight the militants. At one point IAF jets joined the fight. In the clash, 11 Palestinian militants were killed, including nine from Hamas and one from Islamic Jihad. More than 20 people were wounded, including a Hamas cameraman and 2 Israeli soldiers. One of the people killed was Mohammed Siam, a local commander.'}, {'timestamp': '06-24', 'event': 'Palestinians fire two Qassams that land in Sderot, causing damage to two houses, including one that was already damaged from a Qassam about a month ago. Three Israelis are lightly wounded; several others are treated for shock. A Fatah offshoot and the al-Quds Brigades (Islamic Jihad) both claim responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': '4 Hamas fighters are wounded in an aerial assault by the IAF.'}, {'timestamp': '07-26', 'event': 'During a ground operation in the Gaza Strip, the IAF was called in and spotted Hamas militants near IDF soldiers in Southern Gaza. Tank fire then killed a Hamas militant who was holding a RPG in his hands, Palestinian sources said. The IDF said the missile was fired by a helicopter.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18', 'event': '5 Palestinian infiltrators are caught and brought back into Gaza.'}, {'timestamp': '08-27', 'event': 'A Qassam rocket is fired into Israeli territory.'}, {'timestamp': '06-30', 'event': '3 members of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades are killed by an IAF missile in Central Gaza. One of the killed was identified as Salah Kopah, a senior member of the group. They were killed in the refugee camp of Jabalya.'}, {'timestamp': '08-28', 'event': 'A Sderot resident is moderately injured by shrapnel from a Qassam rocket which fell on his house in his bedroom.'}, {'timestamp': '08-25', 'event': 'The militant wounded earlier this day, has succumbed to his wounds, Palestinian medical sources said.'}, {'timestamp': '08-23', 'event': '3 Israeli soldiers are lightly injured by explosive devices thrown by militant Palestinians in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07', 'event': '2 Hamas gunman are killed in the Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '08-17', 'event': 'An IDF soldier is lightly injured when an explosive device is hurled at his jeep in Nablus.'}, {'timestamp': '07-09', 'event': 'A Palestinian militant, Mohammed Nazal, 24 is killed by IDF forces in an ambush near Jenin. He was a member of the Islamic Jihad, Palestinian sources confirmed.'}, {'timestamp': '08-18', 'event': 'Israeli forces shot three Palestinians near the border fence.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22', 'event': 'In a fierce clash between the IDF and Islamic Jihad, 3 members of Islamic Jihad are killed by the IDF.'}, {'timestamp': '07-10', 'event': '11 mortars are fired into Israeli territory in 3 separate barrages. 2 buildings contained damage, but there were no casualties. One mortars landed near the Kerem Shalom Crossing. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04', 'event': '3 Qassam rockets are fired at Sderot, causing 3 injured people.'}, {'timestamp': '08-22', 'event': 'A Qassam is fired into Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '08-05', 'event': 'Eight wanted Palestinian militant suspects were arrested across the West Bank on Sunday night.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28', 'event': 'Two al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades militants are killed while planting a bomb near the Gaza-Israel border after ignoring warning fire to leave the area.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04', 'event': 'An Islamic Jihad commander, Raad Abu el-Adas is killed by Israeli forces near his home in Nablus.'}]
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Timeline of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2007
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[{'timestamp': '08-29', 'event': '4 Qassam rockets are fired into Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '08-29', 'event': '3 Palestinian children are killed in the northern Gaza Strip between Beit Lahiya and Jabalya, when IDF attacked 5 rocket launchers aimed at southern Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '11-27', 'event': 'The IDF killed 2 Hamas militants overnight.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28', 'event': '2 Hamas militants are killed when the IAF fired a missile at 2 heavily armed militants, who were talking with each other, not far from the border.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28', 'event': '2 more Hamas militants are killed when they were noticed while trying to plant a bomb at the fence by IDF soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01', 'event': 'Five Palestinians, all Hamas militants are killed in two separate airstrikes in the Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02', 'event': 'A mortar barrage hits a kibbutz, causing some damage.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03', 'event': 'A Hamas militant is slain after a battle with the Golani corps.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03', 'event': '3 more Hamas fighters are killed while trying to launch mortars near Beit Lahiya.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04', 'event': '3 Hamas militants are killed as their training base was attacked in Deir el Balah by the IAF.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04', 'event': 'A Palestinian gunman is killed while trying to reach the Kissufim crossing.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05', 'event': '3 Hamas militants are overnight killed while launching mortars at Sderot.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05', 'event': 'An PA officer is killed by IDF fire.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06', 'event': 'A Palestinian farmer is accidentally killed by IDF fire.'}, {'timestamp': '12-11', 'event': 'In a huge operation inside the Gaza Strip, the biggest since the Hamas take-over in June, 6 Palestinians are killed and more than 60 detained.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12', 'event': 'The day after the operation, about 20 Qassams were lobbed into Israel, causing three lightly injured Israeli civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13', 'event': 'Two more Qassams are fired into Israel, causing a moderately injured woman in Sderot.'}, {'timestamp': '12-16', 'event': 'Shrapnel from a rocket lightly to moderately wounds a two-year-old boy.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18', 'event': 'Three Palestinian Islamic Jihad militants are killed in two separate airstrikes, some high ranked commanders were among the killed.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19', 'event': 'A Palestinian youth, aged 17, tries to stab one of the Israel Defense Forces soldiers stationed at the Hawara checkpoint in the West Bank.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20', 'event': 'Five Qassam rockets struck Israel at open areas near Sderot and Ashkelon.'}, {'timestamp': '12-25', 'event': '2 Hamas militants are killed in their vehicle as Israeli airplanes dropped a missile at their car.'}, {'timestamp': '12-27', 'event': 'Around 01:00 PM, Israeli forces entered the Southern Gaza Strip, looking for Qassam launchers and infrastructure.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '12-27', 'event': 'Around 01:00 PM, Israeli forces entered the Southern Gaza Strip, looking for Qassam launchers and infrastructure.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04', 'event': '3 Hamas militants are killed as their training base was attacked in Deir el Balah by the IAF.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19', 'event': 'A Palestinian youth, aged 17, tries to stab one of the Israel Defense Forces soldiers stationed at the Hawara checkpoint in the West Bank.'}, {'timestamp': '11-27', 'event': 'The IDF killed 2 Hamas militants overnight.'}, {'timestamp': '08-29', 'event': '4 Qassam rockets are fired into Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05', 'event': '3 Hamas militants are overnight killed while launching mortars at Sderot.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18', 'event': 'Three Palestinian Islamic Jihad militants are killed in two separate airstrikes, some high ranked commanders were among the killed.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28', 'event': '2 Hamas militants are killed when the IAF fired a missile at 2 heavily armed militants, who were talking with each other, not far from the border.'}, {'timestamp': '08-29', 'event': '3 Palestinian children are killed in the northern Gaza Strip between Beit Lahiya and Jabalya, when IDF attacked 5 rocket launchers aimed at southern Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '12-13', 'event': 'Two more Qassams are fired into Israel, causing a moderately injured woman in Sderot.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05', 'event': 'An PA officer is killed by IDF fire.'}, {'timestamp': '12-04', 'event': 'A Palestinian gunman is killed while trying to reach the Kissufim crossing.'}, {'timestamp': '12-01', 'event': 'Five Palestinians, all Hamas militants are killed in two separate airstrikes in the Gaza Strip.'}, {'timestamp': '12-11', 'event': 'In a huge operation inside the Gaza Strip, the biggest since the Hamas take-over in June, 6 Palestinians are killed and more than 60 detained.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28', 'event': '2 more Hamas militants are killed when they were noticed while trying to plant a bomb at the fence by IDF soldiers.'}, {'timestamp': '12-16', 'event': 'Shrapnel from a rocket lightly to moderately wounds a two-year-old boy.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12', 'event': 'The day after the operation, about 20 Qassams were lobbed into Israel, causing three lightly injured Israeli civilians.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06', 'event': 'A Palestinian farmer is accidentally killed by IDF fire.'}, {'timestamp': '12-20', 'event': 'Five Qassam rockets struck Israel at open areas near Sderot and Ashkelon.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03', 'event': '3 more Hamas fighters are killed while trying to launch mortars near Beit Lahiya.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02', 'event': 'A mortar barrage hits a kibbutz, causing some damage.'}, {'timestamp': '12-25', 'event': '2 Hamas militants are killed in their vehicle as Israeli airplanes dropped a missile at their car.'}, {'timestamp': '12-03', 'event': 'A Hamas militant is slain after a battle with the Golani corps.'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 1150 BCE', 'event': 'A possible predecessor term, Peleset, is found in five inscriptions referring to a neighboring people.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1150 BCE', 'event': 'The first known mention of Peleset is at the temple of Ramesses in Medinet Habu.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 800 BCE', 'event': "The Assyrians called the same region 'Palashtu/Palastu' or 'Pilistu,' beginning with Adad-nirari III in the Nimrud Slab."}, {'timestamp': '5th century BCE', 'event': "The term Palestine first appeared when Herodotus wrote of a 'district of Syria, called Palaistinê.'"}, {'timestamp': 'early 2nd century CE', 'event': 'The Roman province called Judaea was renamed Syria Palaestina.'}, {'timestamp': 'around the year 390', 'event': 'The imperial province of Syria Palaestina was reorganized into Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda and Palaestina Salutaris.'}, {'timestamp': '20th century', 'event': "The name was used by the British to refer to 'Mandatory Palestine.'"}, {'timestamp': '2013', 'event': "The term was officially used in the eponymous 'State of Palestine.'"}, {'timestamp': 'c. 717 BCE', 'event': "Sargon II's Prism A: records the region as Palashtu or Pilistu."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 700 BCE', 'event': 'Azekah Inscription records the region as Pi-lis-ta-a-a.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 694 BCE', 'event': 'Sennacherib "Palace Without a Rival: A Very Full Record of Improvements in and about the Capital (E1)": (the people of) Kue and Hilakku, Pilisti and Surri ("Ku-e u Hi-lak-ku Pi-lis-tu u Sur-ri").'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 675 BCE', 'event': "Esarhaddon's Treaty with Ba'al of Tyre: Refers to the entire district of Pilistu (KURpi-lis-te)."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 450 BCE', 'event': 'Herodotus, The Histories, First historical reference clearly denoting a wider region than biblical Philistia, referring to a "district of Syria, called Palaistinê" (Book 3): "The country reaching from the city of Posideium to the borders of Egypt... paid a tribute of three hundred and fifty talents. All Phoenicia, Palestine Syria, and Cyprus, were herein contained. This was the fifth satrapy."; (Book 4): "the region I am describing skirts our sea, stretching from Phoenicia along the coast of Palestine-Syria till it comes to Egypt, where it terminates"; (Book 7): "[The Phoenicians and the Syrians of Palestine], according to their own account, dwelt anciently upon the Erythraean Sea, but crossing thence, fixed themselves on the seacoast of Syria, where they still inhabit. This part of Syria, and all the region extending from hence to Egypt, is known by the name of Palestine." One important reference refers to the practice of male circumcision associated with the Hebrew people: "the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians, are the only nations who have practised circumcision from the earliest times. The Phoenicians and the Syrians of Palestine themselves confess that they learnt the custom of the Egyptians.... Now these are the only nations who use circumcision."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 340 BCE', 'event': 'Aristotle, Meteorology, "Again if, as is fabled, there is a lake in Palestine, such that if you bind a man or beast and throw it in it floats and does not sink, this would bear out what we have said. They say that this lake is so bitter and salt that no fish live in it and that if you soak clothes in it and shake them it cleans them." This is understood by scholars to be a reference to the Dead Sea.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150 BCE', 'event': 'Polemon of Athens, Greek Histories, quoted by Eusebius of Caesarea in Praeparatio Evangelica: "In the time [reign] of Apis son of Phoroneus a part of the Egyptian army was expelled from Egypt, who took up their abode not far from Arabia in the part of Syria called Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 130 BCE', 'event': 'Agatharchides (5.87, quoted in Diodorus Siculus\'s Bibliotheca historica; Strabo\'s Geographica, and Photios\' Bibliotheca): "Near (Tiran) island is a promontory, which stretches towards the Rock of the Nabataeans and Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 30 BCE', 'event': 'Tibullus, Tibullus and Sulpicia: The Poems: "Why tell how the white dove sacred to the Syrians flies unharmed through the crowded cities of Palestine?"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 2 CE', 'event': 'Ovid, Ars Amatoria: "the seventh-day feast that the Syrian of Palestine observes."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 8 CE', 'event': 'Ovid, Metamorphoses: (1) "...Dercetis of Babylon, who, as the Palestinians believe, changed to a fish, all covered with scales, and swims in a pool" and (2) "There fell also Mendesian Celadon; Astreus, too, whose mother was a Palestinian, and his father unknown."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 17 CE', 'event': 'Ovid, Fasti (poem): "When Jupiter took up arms to defend the heavens, came to Euphrates with the little Cupid, and sat by the brink of the waters of Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 40 CE', 'event': 'Philo of Alexandria, (1) Every Good Man is Free: "Moreover Palestine and Syria too are not barren of exemplary wisdom and virtue, which countries no slight portion of that most populous nation of the Jews inhabits. There is a portion of those people called Essenes."; (2) On the Life of Moses: "[Moses] conducted his people as a colony into Phoenicia, and into the Coele-Syria, and Palestine, which was at that time called the land of the Canaanites, the borders of which country were three days\' journey distant from Egypt."; (3) On Abraham: "The country of the Sodomites was a district of the land of Canaan, which the Syrians afterwards called Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 43 CE', 'event': 'Pomponius Mela, De situ orbis (Description of the World): "Syria holds a broad expanse of the littoral, as well as lands that extend rather broadly into the interior, and it is designated by different names in different places. For example, it is called Coele, Mesopotamia, Judaea, Commagene, and Sophene. It is Palestine at the point where Syria abuts the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then—where it reaches Cilicia—Antiochia. [...] In Palestine, however, is Gaza, a mighty and well fortified city."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 78', 'event': 'Pliny the Elder, Natural History, Volume 1, Book V: Chapter 13: "Next to these countries Syria occupies the coast, once the greatest of lands, and distinguished by many names; for the part which joins up to Arabia was formerly called Palaestina, Judaea, Coele, and Phoenice. The country in the interior was called Damascena, and that further on and more to the south, Babylonia."; Chapter 14: "After this, at the point where the Serbonian Bog becomes visible, Idumea and Palaestina begin. This lake, which some writers have made to be 150 miles in circumference, Herodotus has placed at the foot of Mount Casius; it is now an inconsiderable fen. The towns are Rhinocorura and, in the interior, Rafah, Gaza, and, still more inland, Anthedon: there is also Mount Argaris"; Book XII, Chapter 40: "For these branches of commerce, they have opened the city of Carræ, which serves as an entrepot, and from which place they were formerly in the habit of proceeding to Gabba, at a distance of twenty days\' journey, and thence to Palæstina, in Syria."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 80', 'event': 'Marcus Valerius Probus, Commentary on Georgics: "Edomite palms from Idumea, that is Judea, which is in the region of Syria Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 85', 'event': 'Silius Italicus, Punica: "While yet a youth, he [Titus] shall put an end to war with the fierce people of Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 90', 'event': 'Dio Chrysostom, quoted by Synesius, refers to the Dead Sea as being in the interior of Palestine, in the very vicinity of "Sodoma."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 94', 'event': 'Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews: "...these Antiquities contain what hath been delivered down to us from the original creation of man, until the twelfth year of the reign of Nero, as to what hath befallen us Jews, as well is Egypt as in Syria, and in Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 94', 'event': 'Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews: "...the children of Mesraim, being eight in number, possessed the country from Gaza to Egypt, though it retained the name of one only, the Philistim; for the Greeks call part of that country Palestine."'}]
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[{'timestamp': '5th century BCE', 'event': "The term Palestine first appeared when Herodotus wrote of a 'district of Syria, called Palaistinê.'"}, {'timestamp': 'c. 43 CE', 'event': 'Pomponius Mela, De situ orbis (Description of the World): "Syria holds a broad expanse of the littoral, as well as lands that extend rather broadly into the interior, and it is designated by different names in different places. For example, it is called Coele, Mesopotamia, Judaea, Commagene, and Sophene. It is Palestine at the point where Syria abuts the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then—where it reaches Cilicia—Antiochia. [...] In Palestine, however, is Gaza, a mighty and well fortified city."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 694 BCE', 'event': 'Sennacherib "Palace Without a Rival: A Very Full Record of Improvements in and about the Capital (E1)": (the people of) Kue and Hilakku, Pilisti and Surri ("Ku-e u Hi-lak-ku Pi-lis-tu u Sur-ri").'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 2 CE', 'event': 'Ovid, Ars Amatoria: "the seventh-day feast that the Syrian of Palestine observes."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 700 BCE', 'event': 'Azekah Inscription records the region as Pi-lis-ta-a-a.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 675 BCE', 'event': "Esarhaddon's Treaty with Ba'al of Tyre: Refers to the entire district of Pilistu (KURpi-lis-te)."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 80', 'event': 'Marcus Valerius Probus, Commentary on Georgics: "Edomite palms from Idumea, that is Judea, which is in the region of Syria Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 94', 'event': 'Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews: "...the children of Mesraim, being eight in number, possessed the country from Gaza to Egypt, though it retained the name of one only, the Philistim; for the Greeks call part of that country Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'around the year 390', 'event': 'The imperial province of Syria Palaestina was reorganized into Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda and Palaestina Salutaris.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 450 BCE', 'event': 'Herodotus, The Histories, First historical reference clearly denoting a wider region than biblical Philistia, referring to a "district of Syria, called Palaistinê" (Book 3): "The country reaching from the city of Posideium to the borders of Egypt... paid a tribute of three hundred and fifty talents. All Phoenicia, Palestine Syria, and Cyprus, were herein contained. This was the fifth satrapy."; (Book 4): "the region I am describing skirts our sea, stretching from Phoenicia along the coast of Palestine-Syria till it comes to Egypt, where it terminates"; (Book 7): "[The Phoenicians and the Syrians of Palestine], according to their own account, dwelt anciently upon the Erythraean Sea, but crossing thence, fixed themselves on the seacoast of Syria, where they still inhabit. This part of Syria, and all the region extending from hence to Egypt, is known by the name of Palestine." One important reference refers to the practice of male circumcision associated with the Hebrew people: "the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians, are the only nations who have practised circumcision from the earliest times. The Phoenicians and the Syrians of Palestine themselves confess that they learnt the custom of the Egyptians.... Now these are the only nations who use circumcision."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 30 BCE', 'event': 'Tibullus, Tibullus and Sulpicia: The Poems: "Why tell how the white dove sacred to the Syrians flies unharmed through the crowded cities of Palestine?"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 94', 'event': 'Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews: "...these Antiquities contain what hath been delivered down to us from the original creation of man, until the twelfth year of the reign of Nero, as to what hath befallen us Jews, as well is Egypt as in Syria, and in Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 130 BCE', 'event': 'Agatharchides (5.87, quoted in Diodorus Siculus\'s Bibliotheca historica; Strabo\'s Geographica, and Photios\' Bibliotheca): "Near (Tiran) island is a promontory, which stretches towards the Rock of the Nabataeans and Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': '20th century', 'event': "The name was used by the British to refer to 'Mandatory Palestine.'"}, {'timestamp': 'c. 800 BCE', 'event': "The Assyrians called the same region 'Palashtu/Palastu' or 'Pilistu,' beginning with Adad-nirari III in the Nimrud Slab."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 8 CE', 'event': 'Ovid, Metamorphoses: (1) "...Dercetis of Babylon, who, as the Palestinians believe, changed to a fish, all covered with scales, and swims in a pool" and (2) "There fell also Mendesian Celadon; Astreus, too, whose mother was a Palestinian, and his father unknown."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 17 CE', 'event': 'Ovid, Fasti (poem): "When Jupiter took up arms to defend the heavens, came to Euphrates with the little Cupid, and sat by the brink of the waters of Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1150 BCE', 'event': 'The first known mention of Peleset is at the temple of Ramesses in Medinet Habu.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 90', 'event': 'Dio Chrysostom, quoted by Synesius, refers to the Dead Sea as being in the interior of Palestine, in the very vicinity of "Sodoma."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 85', 'event': 'Silius Italicus, Punica: "While yet a youth, he [Titus] shall put an end to war with the fierce people of Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150 BCE', 'event': 'Polemon of Athens, Greek Histories, quoted by Eusebius of Caesarea in Praeparatio Evangelica: "In the time [reign] of Apis son of Phoroneus a part of the Egyptian army was expelled from Egypt, who took up their abode not far from Arabia in the part of Syria called Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': '2013', 'event': "The term was officially used in the eponymous 'State of Palestine.'"}, {'timestamp': 'c. 340 BCE', 'event': 'Aristotle, Meteorology, "Again if, as is fabled, there is a lake in Palestine, such that if you bind a man or beast and throw it in it floats and does not sink, this would bear out what we have said. They say that this lake is so bitter and salt that no fish live in it and that if you soak clothes in it and shake them it cleans them." This is understood by scholars to be a reference to the Dead Sea.'}, {'timestamp': 'early 2nd century CE', 'event': 'The Roman province called Judaea was renamed Syria Palaestina.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 717 BCE', 'event': "Sargon II's Prism A: records the region as Palashtu or Pilistu."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 40 CE', 'event': 'Philo of Alexandria, (1) Every Good Man is Free: "Moreover Palestine and Syria too are not barren of exemplary wisdom and virtue, which countries no slight portion of that most populous nation of the Jews inhabits. There is a portion of those people called Essenes."; (2) On the Life of Moses: "[Moses] conducted his people as a colony into Phoenicia, and into the Coele-Syria, and Palestine, which was at that time called the land of the Canaanites, the borders of which country were three days\' journey distant from Egypt."; (3) On Abraham: "The country of the Sodomites was a district of the land of Canaan, which the Syrians afterwards called Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 78', 'event': 'Pliny the Elder, Natural History, Volume 1, Book V: Chapter 13: "Next to these countries Syria occupies the coast, once the greatest of lands, and distinguished by many names; for the part which joins up to Arabia was formerly called Palaestina, Judaea, Coele, and Phoenice. The country in the interior was called Damascena, and that further on and more to the south, Babylonia."; Chapter 14: "After this, at the point where the Serbonian Bog becomes visible, Idumea and Palaestina begin. This lake, which some writers have made to be 150 miles in circumference, Herodotus has placed at the foot of Mount Casius; it is now an inconsiderable fen. The towns are Rhinocorura and, in the interior, Rafah, Gaza, and, still more inland, Anthedon: there is also Mount Argaris"; Book XII, Chapter 40: "For these branches of commerce, they have opened the city of Carræ, which serves as an entrepot, and from which place they were formerly in the habit of proceeding to Gabba, at a distance of twenty days\' journey, and thence to Palæstina, in Syria."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1150 BCE', 'event': 'A possible predecessor term, Peleset, is found in five inscriptions referring to a neighboring people.'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 94', 'event': 'Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews: "... Aram had the Aramites, which the Greeks called Syrians; as Laud founded the Laudites, which are now called Lydians. Of the four sons of Aram, Uz founded Trachonitis and Damascus: this country lies between Palestine and Coelesyria."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 97', 'event': 'Josephus, Against Apion: "Nor, indeed, was Herodotus of Halicarnassus unacquainted with our nation, but mentions it after a way of his own... This, therefore, is what Herodotus says, that "the Syrians that are in Palestine are circumcised.."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 100', 'event': 'Statius, Silvae, refers to "liquores Palestini" and "Isis, ...gently with thine own hand lead the peerless youth, on whom the Latian prince hath bestowed the standards of the East and the bridling of the cohorts of Palestine, (i.e., a command on the Syrian front) through festal gate and sacred haven and the cities of thy land."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 100', 'event': 'Plutarch, Parallel Lives: "Armenia, where Tigranes reigns, king of kings, and holds in his hands a power that has enabled him to keep the Parthians in narrow bounds, to remove Greek cities bodily into Media, to conquer Syria and Palestine, to put to death the kings of the royal line of Seleucus, and carry away their wives and daughters by violence." and "The triumph [of Pompey] was so great, that though it was divided into two days, the time was far from being sufficient for displaying what was prepared to be carried in procession; there remained still enough to adorn another triumph. At the head of the show appeared the titles of the conquered nations; Pontus Armenia, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Media, Colchis, the Iberians, the Albanians, Syria, Cilicia, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Palestine, Judea, Arabia, the pirates subdued both by sea and land."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 100', 'event': 'Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Cleitophon and other love stories in eight books: "Your father did not return from his absence in Palestine until two days later; and he then found a letter had arrived from Leucippe\'s father—it had come the very day after our flight—betrothing his daughter to you."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 129 or 135', 'event': 'Syria Palæstina was a Roman province between 135 and about 390. It was established by the merger of Roman Syria and Roman Judaea, shortly before or after the Bar Kokhba Revolt. There is only circumstantial evidence linking Hadrian with the name change and the precise date is not certain. The common view that the name change was intended to "sever the connection of the Jews to their historical homeland" is disputed. Zachary Foster in his doctoral dissertation wrote that "Most scholars believe the Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the provincial administrative name of Judaea to Palestine to erase the Jewish presence in the land," opining that "it’s equally likely the name change had little to do with Jew hatred and more to do with Hadrian’s romance with ancient Greece." He adds, there is a "paucity of direct evidence around who made the change, when and under what circumstances", and that it may be that Hadrian did not "rename" the country but simply "called the place what it was called". Louis Feldman argues prior to change of province name the term was used to refer to the coastal region associated with the Philistines and that first century authors differentiated Judea from Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '139', 'event': 'A Roman military diploma from Afiq names military units "in Syria Palaestin[a]."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 130', 'event': 'Pausanias (geographer), Description of Greece: (1) "Hard by is a sanctuary of the Heavenly Aphrodite; the first men to establish her cult were the Assyrians, after the Assyrians the Paphians of Cyprus and the Phoenicians who live at Ascalon in Palestine; the Phoenicians taught her worship to the people of Cythera."; (2) "In front of the sanctuary grow palm-trees, the fruit of which, though not wholly edible like the dates of Palestine, yet are riper than those of Ionia."; and (3) "[a Hebrew Sibyl] brought up in Palestine named Sabbe, whose father was Berosus and her mother Erymanthe. Some say she was a Babylonian, while others call her an Egyptian Sibyl."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150', 'event': 'Aelius Aristides, To Plato: In Defense of the Four: (671) These men alone should be classed neither among flatterers nor free men. For they deceive like flatterers, but they are insolent as if they were of higher rank, since they are involved in the two most extreme and opposite evils, baseness and willfulness, behaving like those impious men of Palestine. For the proof of the impiety of those people is that they do not believe in the higher powers. And these men in a certain fashion have defected from the Greek race, or rather from all that is higher.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150', 'event': 'Appian, Roman History: "Intending to write the history of the Romans, I have deemed it necessary to begin with the boundaries of the nations under their sway.... Here turning our course and passing round, we take in Palestine-Syria, and beyond it a part of Arabia. The Phoenicians hold the country next to Palestine on the sea, and beyond the Phoenician territory are Coele-Syria, and the parts stretching from the sea as far inland as the river Euphrates, namely Palmyra and the sandy country round about, extending even to the Euphrates itself."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150', 'event': 'Lucian of Samosata, Passing of Peregrinus: 11. "It was then that he learned the wondrous lore of the Christians, by associating with their priests and scribes in Palestine. And—how else could it be? —in a trice he made them all look like children, for he was prophet, cult-leader, head of the synagogue, and everything, all by himself. He interpreted and explained some of their books and even composed many, and they revered him as a god, made use of him as a lawgiver, and set him down as a protector, next after that other, to be sure, whom they still worship, the man who was crucified in Palestine because he introduced this new cult into the world.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150', 'event': 'Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri: "Tyre then was captured, in the archonship at Athens of Anicetus in the month I lecatombacun...Alexander now determined to make his expedition to Egypt. The rest of Syrian Palestine (as it is called) had already come over to him, but a certain eunuch, Batis, who was master of Gaza, did not join Alexander."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 150', 'event': 'Ptolemy, Geography (Ptolemy), including map.'}, {'timestamp': '155', 'event': 'First Apology of Justin Martyr, refers to "Flavia Neapolis in Palestine" in the introductory paragraph.'}, {'timestamp': '159', 'event': 'Coins from the Neapolis mint from the time of Antoninus Pius: Flavia Neapolis (?), in Syria, in Palestine, year 88 (in Greek).'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 200', 'event': 'Ulpian, On Taxes: Book I. It should be remembered that there are certain coloniae subject to the Italian Law. ...The colony of Ptolemais, which is situated between Phoenicia and Palestine, has nothing but the name of a colony. ...In Palestine there are two colonies, those of Caesarea and Aelia Capitolina; but neither of these enjoy Italian privileges.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 200', 'event': 'Tertullian, The Works of Tertullian: Palestine had not yet received from Egypt its Jewish swarm (of emigrants), nor had the race from which Christians sprung yet settled down there, when its neighbors Sodom and Gomorrah were consumed by fire from heaven.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 200', 'event': 'Sextus Julius Africanus, Epistle to Aristides: Some Idumean robbers attacking Ascalon, a city of Palestine, besides other spoils which they took from a temple of Apollo, which was built near the walls, carried off captive one Antipater, son of a certain Herod, a servant of the temple. And as the priest was not able to pay the ransom for his son, Antipater was brought up in the customs of the Idumeans, and afterwards enjoyed the friendship of Hyrcanus, the high priest of Judea. And being sent on an embassy to Pompey on behalf of Hyrcanus, and having restored to him the kingdom which was being wasted by Aristobulus his brother, he was so fortunate as to obtain the title of procurator of Palestine.'}]
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 94', 'event': 'Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews: "... Aram had the Aramites, which the Greeks called Syrians; as Laud founded the Laudites, which are now called Lydians. Of the four sons of Aram, Uz founded Trachonitis and Damascus: this country lies between Palestine and Coelesyria."'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 225', 'event': 'Cassius Dio, Historia Romana: The Eastern Wars c. 70 BCE "This was the course of events at that time in Palestine; for this is the name that has been given from of old to the whole country extending from Phoenicia to Egypt along the inner sea. They have also another name that they have acquired: the country has been named Judaea, and the people themselves Jews." [...] The Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus in 70 CE "Such was the course of these events; and following them Vespasian was declared emperor by the senate also, and Titus and Domitian were given the title of Caesars. The consular office was assumed by Vespasian and Titus while the former was in Egypt and the latter in Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 300', 'event': 'Flavius Vopiscus, Augustan History: On the lives of Firmus, Saturninus, Proculus and Bonosus: "So then, holding such an opinion about the Egyptians Aurelian forbade Saturninus to visit Egypt, showing a wisdom that was truly divine. For as soon as the Egyptians saw that one of high rank had arrived among them, they straightway shouted aloud, "Saturninus Augustus, may the gods keep you!" But he, like a prudent man, as one cannot deny, fled at once from the city of Alexandria and returned to Palestine." On the Life of Septimius Severus: "And not long afterwards he [Severus] met with Niger near Cyzicus, slew him, and paraded his head on a pike. ...The citizens of Neapolis in Palestine, because they had long been in arms on Niger\'s side, he deprived of all their civic rights, and to many individuals, other than members of the senatorial order, who had followed Niger he meted out cruel punishments." On the life of Aurelian: "Aurelian, now ruler over the entire world, having subdued both the East and the Gauls, and victor in all lands, turned his march toward Rome, that he might present to the gaze of the Romans a triumph. ...There were three royal chariots, ...twenty elephants, and two hundred tamed beasts of diverse kinds from Libya and Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 300', 'event': 'Antonine Itinerary.'}, {'timestamp': '311', 'event': 'Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea, History of the Martyrs in Palestine. As the "Father of Church History," Eusebius\' use of the name Palestine influenced later generations of Christian writers.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 362', 'event': 'Julian, Against the Galileans: "Why were you so ungrateful to our gods as to desert them for the Jews?" Was it because the gods granted the sovereign power to Rome, permitting the Jews to be free for a short time only, and then forever to be enslaved and aliens? Look at Abraham: was he not an alien in a strange land? And Jacob: was he not a slave, first in Syria, then after that in Palestine, and in his old age in Egypt? Does not Moses say that he led them forth from the house of bondage out of Egypt "with a stretched out arm"? And after their sojourn in Palestine did they not change their fortunes more frequently than observers say the chameleon changes its colour, now subject to the judges, now enslaved to foreign races?'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 365', 'event': 'Aurelius Victor, Epitome de Caesaribus: Vespasian ruled ten years. [...] Volgeses, King of Parthia, was compelled to peace. The Syria for which Palestina is the name, and Cilicia, and Trachia and Commagene, which today we call Augustophratensis, were added to the provinces. Judaea, too, was added.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 370', 'event': 'Eutropius, Breviarium historiae Romanae: "Vespasian, who had been chosen emperor in Palestine, a prince indeed of obscure birth, but worthy to be compared with the best emperors." and "Under him Judæa was added to the Roman Empire; and Jerusalem, which was a very famous city of Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 380', 'event': 'Ammianus Marcellinus, "Book XIV," The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus: Book XIV, 8, 11. "The last province of the Syrias is Palestine, a district of great extent, abounding in well-cultivated and beautiful land, and having several magnificent cities, all of equal importance, and rivalling one another as it were, in parallel lines. For instance, Caesarea, which Herod built in honour of the Prince Octavianus, and Eleutheropolis, and Neapolis, and also Ascalon, and Gaza, cities built in bygone ages."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 384', 'event': 'Saint Jerome, Epistle 33: "He (Origen) stands condemned by his bishop, Demetrius, only the bishops of Palestine, Arabia, Phenicia, and Achaia dissenting."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 385', 'event': 'Egeria, Itinerary: "The greatest part of Palestine, the land of promise, was in sight, together with the whole land of Jordan, as far as it could be seen with our eyes."'}, {'timestamp': '390', 'event': 'Auxentius of Durostorum (else Maximinus the Arian), Commenttarium on Iob: "In regione Arabiae et Palaestinorum asini, qui veloces sunt similiter ut equi."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 390', 'event': 'John Chrysostom, On Wealth and Poverty: "What about Abraham?" someone says. Who has suffered as many misfortunes as he? Was he not exiled from his country? Was he not separated from all his household? Did he not endure hunger in a foreign land? Did he not, like a wanderer, move continually, from Babylon to Mesopotamia, from there to Palestine, and from there to Egypt?" and Adversus Judaeos: "VI. ..[7] Do you not see that their Passover is the type, while our Pasch is the truth? Look at the tremendous difference between them. The Passover prevented bodily death: whereas the Pasch quelled God\'s anger against the whole world; the Passover of old freed the Jews from Egypt, while the Pasch has set us free from idolatry; the Passover drowned the Pharaoh, but the Pasch drowned the devil; after the Passover came Palestine, but after the Pasch will come heaven."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 390', 'event': 'Palaestina was organised into three administrative units: Palaestina Prima, Secunda, and Tertia (First, Second, and Third Palestine), part of the Diocese of the East. Palaestina Prima consisted of Judea, Samaria, the Paralia, and Peraea with the governor residing in Caesarea. Palaestina Secunda consisted of the Galilee, the lower Jezreel Valley, the regions east of Galilee, and the western part of the former Decapolis with the seat of government at Scythopolis. Palaestina Tertia included the Negev, southern Jordan—once part of Arabia—and most of Sinai with Petra as the usual residence of the governor. Palestina Tertia was also known as Palaestina Salutaris. Recorded in the: Codex Theodosianus, published in 438, and containing previous laws, including a first mention in 409.'}, {'timestamp': '392', 'event': 'Epiphanius of Salamis, On Weights and Measures: "So [Hadrian] passed through the city of Antioch and passed through [Coele-Syria] and Phoenicia and came to Palestine — which is also called Judea — forty-seven years after the destruction of Jerusalem."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 400', 'event': 'Genesis Rabba (90.6), Jewish midrash, proposes that the word "land" in Genesis 41:54 refers to three lands in the region – Phoenicia, Arabia and Palestine. (ויהי רעב בכל הארצות: בשלש ארצות בפנקיא ובערביא ובפלסטיני)'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 400', 'event': 'Lamentations Rabbah (1.5), Jewish midrash, proposes that the dukes of Arabia, Africa, Alexandria, and Palestine, had joined forces with Roman Emperor Vespasian. (שלש שנים ומחצה הקיף אספסיאנוס את ירושלם והיו עמו ארבעה דוכסין, דוכס דערביא, דוכס דאפריקא, דוכוס דאלכסנדריא, דוכוס דפלסטיני)'}]
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 225', 'event': 'Cassius Dio, Historia Romana: The Eastern Wars c. 70 BCE "This was the course of events at that time in Palestine; for this is the name that has been given from of old to the whole country extending from Phoenicia to Egypt along the inner sea. They have also another name that they have acquired: the country has been named Judaea, and the people themselves Jews." [...] The Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus in 70 CE "Such was the course of these events; and following them Vespasian was declared emperor by the senate also, and Titus and Domitian were given the title of Caesars. The consular office was assumed by Vespasian and Titus while the former was in Egypt and the latter in Palestine."'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 400', 'event': 'Leviticus Rabbah (parasha 5, verse 3) proposes Gath of the Philistines is the same as the "(hills or forts) of Palestine" (תלוליא דפלסטיני).'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 400', 'event': 'Cursus publicus, Tabula Peutingeriana: map: Roman road network, map index.'}, {'timestamp': '411', 'event': 'Jerome, Hieronymus on Ezekiel: "iuda et terra Israel ipsi institores tui in frumento primo; balsamum et mel et oleum et resinam proposuerunt in nundinis tuis. .'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 414', 'event': 'Jerome, Letter 129: Ad Dardanum de Terra promissionis: "You may delineate the Promised Land of Moses from the Book of Numbers (ch. 34): as bounded on the south by the desert tract called Sina, between the Dead Sea and the city of Kadesh-barnea, [which is located with the Arabah to the east] and continues to the west, as far as the river of Egypt, that discharges into the open sea near the city of Rhinocolara; as bounded on the west by the sea along the coasts of Palestine, Phoenicia, Coele‑Syria, and Cilicia; as bounded on the north by the circle formed by the Taurus Mountains and Zephyrium and extending to Hamath, called Epiphany‑Syria; as bounded on the east by the city of Antioch Hippos and Lake Kinneret, now called Tiberias, and then the Jordan River which discharges into the salt sea, now called the Dead Sea."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 430', 'event': 'Theodoret, Interpretatio in Psalmos (Theodoretus in notāre ad Psalmos): "PSALMS. CXXXIII. A Song of the Ascents, by David. Lo, how good and how pleasant The dwelling of brethren —even together! As the good oil on the head, Coming down on the beard, the beard of Aaron, That cometh down on the skirt of his robes, As dew of Hermon —That cometh down on hills of Zion, For there Jehovah commanded the blessing —Life unto the age!" [Per Psalm 133 (132), Theodoretus Cyrrhi Episcopus wrote the following commentary;] Like dew of Hermon falling on Mount Sion (v. 3). Again he changed to another image, teaching the advantage of harmony; he said it is like the dew carried down from Hermon to Sion. There is so much of it that the jars release drops. Hermon is a mountain – in Palestine, in fact – and some distance from the land of Israel.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 450', 'event': 'Theodoret, Ecclesiastical History: "The see of Caesarea, the capital of Palestine, was now held by Acacius, who had succeeded Eusebius."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 450', 'event': 'Proclus of Constantinople: "Iosuae Palaestinae exploratori cohibendi solis lunaeque cursum potestatem adtribuit."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 500', 'event': 'Tabula Peutingeriana (map)'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 500', 'event': 'Zosimus, New History: "Finding the Palmyrene army drawn up before Emisa, amounting to seventy thousand men, consisting of Palmyrenes and their allies, [Emperor Aurelian] opposed to them the Dalmatian cavalry, the Moesians and Pannonians, and the Celtic legions of Noricum and Rhaetia, and besides these the choicest of the imperial regiment selected man by man, the Mauritanian horse, the Tyaneans, the Mesopotamians, the Syrians, the Phoenicians, and the Palestinians, all men of acknowledged valour; the Palestinians besides other arms wielding clubs and staves."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 550', 'event': 'Madaba map, "οροι Αιγυπτου και Παλαιστινης" (the "border of Egypt and Palestine")'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 550', 'event': 'Christian Topography.'}, {'timestamp': '555', 'event': 'Cyril of Scythopolis, The Life of St. Saba.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 555', 'event': 'Procopius, Of the Buildings of Justinian: "In Palestine there is a city named Neapolis, above which rises a high mountain, called Garizin. This mountain the Samaritans originally held; and they had been wont to go up to the summit of the mountain to pray on all occasions, not because they had ever built any temple there, but because they worshipped the summit itself with the greatest reverence."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 560', 'event': 'Procopius, The Wars of Justinian: "The boundaries of Palestine extend toward the east to the sea which is called the Red Sea." Procopius also wrote that "Chosroes, king of Persia, had a great desire to make himself master of Palestine, on account of its extraordinary fertility, its opulence, and the great number of its inhabitants."'}, {'timestamp': '629', 'event': 'Heraclius, In 629 Heraclius restored the True Cross to Jerusalem in a majestic ceremony: I.e. the so-called Fast of Heraclius, which immediately preceding Lent, forms the first week of the Great Fast. The origin of this fast is said to be as follows: that the emperor Heraclius, on his way to Jerusalem, promised his protection to the Jews of Palestine, but that on his arrival in the holy city, the schismatical patriarch and the Christians generally prayed him to put all the Jews to the sword, because they had joined the Persians shortly before in their sack of the city and cruelties towards the Christians.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 670', 'event': 'Adomnán, De Locis Sanctis, or the Travels of Arculf: "Que utique Hebron, ut fertur, ante omnes, non solum Palestíne, civitates condita fuerat, sed etiam universas Egyptiacas urbes in sua precessit conditione, que nunc misere monstratur destructa." translated: "This Hebron, it is said, was founded before all the cities, not only of Palestine, but also preceded in its foundation all the cities of Egypt, although it has now been so miserably destroyed."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 700', 'event': 'Ravenna Cosmography'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 770', 'event': 'Thawr ibn Yazid, hadith, as quoted in Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wasiti\'s Fada\'il Bayt al-Muqaddas (c. 1019): "The most holy spot [al-quds] on earth is Syria; the most holy spot in Syria is Palestine; the most holy spot in Palestine is Jerusalem [Bayt al-maqdis]; the most holy spot in Jerusalem is the Mountain; the most holy spot in Jerusalem is the place of worship [al-masjid], and the most holy spot in the place of worship is the Dome."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 770', 'event': 'Hygeburg, The Life of Willibald: "Then, having visited the church of St. George at Diospolis [he passed] through Joppe, a coast town of Palestine, where Peter raised to life the widow Dorcas, and went along the shore of the Adriatic Sea, and adored the footsteps of our Lord at Tyre and Sidon. And then, crossing Mount Libanus, and passing through the coast town of Tripoli, he visited Damascus again, and came to Emmaus, a village of Palestine, which the Romans after the destruction of Jerusalem called, after the event of the victory, Nicopolis."'}, {'timestamp': '810–815', 'event': 'Theophanes the Confessor, Chronicles: Since Muhammad was a helpless orphan, he thought it good to go to a rich woman named Khadija ...to manage her camels and conduct her business in Egypt and Palestine... When he [Muhammad] went to Palestine he lived with both Jews and Christians, and hunted for certain writings among them.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 870', 'event': 'Ibn Khordadbeh, Book of Roads and Kingdoms: "Filastin Province 500,000 dinars of taxes" (c. 864)'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 870', 'event': 'al-Baladhuri, Conquests of the Lands Wrote that the main towns of the district, following its conquest by the Rashidun Caliphate, were Gaza, Sebastia (Sebastiya), Nablus, Caesarea, Ludd, Yibna, Imwas, Jaffa, Rafah, and Bayt Jibrin.'}, {'timestamp': '874', 'event': 'Musa ibn Sahl al-Ramli, Man nazala Filastin min al-sahaba [On the Prophetic Companions who settled in Palestine], the first known Islamic history of Syria in whole or part.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 880', 'event': "Qudama ibn Ja'far, Kitab Al Kharaj."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 820', 'event': 'Filastin Province, 195,000 dinars'}, {'timestamp': '891', 'event': 'Ya\'qubi, Book of Lands: "Of the Jund Filastin, the ancient capital was Lydda. The Caliph Sulayman subsequently founded the city of Ramla, which he made the capital.... The population of Palestine consists of Arabs of the tribes of Lakhm, Judham, Amilah, Kindah, Kais and Kinanah"'}]
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 400', 'event': 'Leviticus Rabbah (parasha 5, verse 3) proposes Gath of the Philistines is the same as the "(hills or forts) of Palestine" (תלוליא דפלסטיני).'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 900', 'event': 'Limits of the Five Patriarchates: "The first See and the first patriarchate is of Jerusalem, James, the brother of God and apostle and eyewitness, and minister of the word and secrets of secrets and hidden mysteries, contains the whole Palestine a country until Arabia."'}, {'timestamp': '903', 'event': 'Ibn al-Faqih, Concise Book of Lands'}, {'timestamp': 'after 904', 'event': 'Unknown author, possibly al-Masudi, Akhbar al-zaman (The History of Time), "Among children [of] Cainan are Falestin and Ṣidā, who gave their name to two countries".'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 913', 'event': 'Ibn Abd Rabbih'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 930', 'event': 'Patriarch Eutychius of Alexandria, Eutychii Annales: CHAPTER II: ADVERSITIES OF THE CHURCH. : 1 Persecutions of the Christians. : ...The Christians suffered less in this than in the preceding centuries. ...In the East especially in Syria and Palestine the Jews sometimes rose upon the Christians with great violence yet so unsuccessfully as to suffer severely for their temerity.'}, {'timestamp': 'before 942', 'event': 'Saadia Gaon (892–942), the great Jewish rabbi and exegete, makes the classic Jewish Arabic translation of the Torah, translating the Hebrew פלשת Pleshet Philistia as פלסטין (using Judeo-Arabic) Filasṭīn, e.g. Exodus 15:14 סכאן פלסטין the inhabitants of Palestine'}, {'timestamp': '943', 'event': 'Al-Masudi, The Meadows of Gold'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 950', 'event': 'Alchabitius, Introduction to the Art of Judgments of the Stars'}, {'timestamp': '951–978', 'event': 'Istakhri, Traditions of Countries and Ibn Hawqal, The Face of the Earth: "The provinces of Syria are Jund Filstin, and Jund al Urdunn, Jund Dimaskh, Jund Hims, and Jund Kinnasrin.... Filastin is the westernmost of the provinces of Syria... its greatest length from Rafah to the boundary of Lajjun... its breadth from Jaffa to Jericho.... Filastin is the most fertile of the Syrian provinces.... Its trees and its ploughed lands do not need artificial irrigation... In the province of Filastin, despite its small extent, there are about 20 mosques.... Its capital and largest town in Ramla, but the Holy City (of Jerusalem) comes very near this last in size"'}, {'timestamp': '985', 'event': 'Al-Maqdisi, Description of Syria, Including Palestine: "And further, know that within the province of Palestine may be found gathered together 36 products that are not found thus united in any other land.... From Palestine comes olives, dried figs, raisins, the carob-fruit, stuffs of mixed silk and cotton, soap and kercheifs"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1000', 'event': 'Suda encyclopedic lexicon: "Παλαιστίνη: ὄνομα χώρας. καὶ Παλαιστι̂νος, ὁ ἀπὸ Παλαιστίνης." / "Palestine: Name of a territory. Also [sc. attested is] Palestinian, a man from Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1029', 'event': 'Rabbi Solomon ben Judah of Jerusalem, a letter in the Cairo Geniza, refers to the province of Filastin'}, {'timestamp': '1047', 'event': 'Nasir Khusraw, Safarnama / Diary of a Journey through Syria and Palestine: "This city of Ramlah, throughout Syria and the West, is known under the name of Filastin."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1050', 'event': 'Beatus of Liébana, Beatus map, Illustrates the primitive Diaspora of the Apostles and is one of the most significant cartographic works of the European High Middle Ages.'}, {'timestamp': '1051', 'event': 'Ibn Butlan'}, {'timestamp': '1101', 'event': 'Nathan ben Jehiel, Arukh: The Lexico Aruch is a talmudical lexicon authored by Rabbi Nathan ben Jehiel, of Rome. The occurrence of פלסטיני Παλαιστίνη [Palestine] in the Genesis Rabbah is noted.'}, {'timestamp': '1100–27', 'event': 'Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana (1095–1127): "For we who were Occidentals have now become Orientals. He who was a Roman or a Frank has in this land been made into a Galilean or a Palestinian."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1130', 'event': 'Fetellus, "The city of Jerusalem is situated in the hill-country of Judea, in the province of Palestine"'}, {'timestamp': '1154', 'event': 'Muhammad al-Idrisi, Tabula Rogeriana or The Book of Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands'}, {'timestamp': '1160', 'event': 'Abraham ibn Daud, Sefer ha-Qabbalah'}, {'timestamp': '1173', 'event': 'Ali of Herat, Book of Indications to Make Known the Places of Visitations'}, {'timestamp': '1177', 'event': 'John Phocas, A Brief Description of the Castles and Cities, from the City of Antioch even unto Jerusalem; also of Syria and Phoenicia, and of the Holy Places in Palestine'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1180', 'event': 'William of Tyre, Historia Hierosolymitana'}, {'timestamp': '1185', 'event': 'Ibn Jubayr, The Travels of Ibn Jubayr'}, {'timestamp': '1220', 'event': 'Jacques de Vitry, History of Jerusalem: "And there are three Palestines, which are parts of Greater Syria. The first is that whose capital is Jerusalem, and this part is specially named Judaea. The second is that whose capital is Caesarea Philippi, which includes all the country of the Philistines. The third is that whose capital is Scythopolis, which at this day is called Bethshan. Moreover, both the Arabias are parts of Syria: the first is that whose capital is Bostrum; the second is that whose capital is Petra in the Wilderness."'}, {'timestamp': '1225', 'event': 'Yaqut al-Hamawi, Dictionary of Geographies "Filastin is the last of the provinces of Syria towards Egypt. Its capital is Jerusalem. Of the principal towns are Ashkelon, Ramle, Gaza, Arsuf, Caesarea, Nablus, Jericho, Amman, Jaffa and Bayt Jibrin"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1250', 'event': 'Bar Hebraeus: "[The Syriac language] is divided into three dialects, one of the most elegant is Aramaea, the language of Edessa, Harran, and outer Syria; next adjoining to it is Palestinian, which is used in Damascus, the mountain of Lebanon, and inner Syria; and the vulgar Chaldean Nabataean, which is a dialect of Assyrian mountains and the districts of Iraq."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1266', 'event': 'Abu al-Makarim, "The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt," Part 7 of Anecdota Oxoniensia: Semitic series Anecdota oxoniensia: At the beginning of the caliphate [of Umar] George was appointed patriarch of Alexandria. He remained four years in possession of the see.'}, {'timestamp': '1320', 'event': 'Marino Sanuto the Elder, Liber Secretorum Fidelium Crucis: "Also, the three [parts] of Palestine are called the Syrias, of which Syria Quinta is that Palestine which is properly called Philistym. Its chief city is Caesarea, beginning from Castrum Peregrinorum and extending south along the shore of the Mediterranean as far as Gaza in the south. Syria Sexta is the second Palestine whose chief city is Jerusalem including the hill country as far as the Dead Sea and the desert of Cadesbarne. Strictly this country is called Judaea, the name of a part being given to the whole. Syria Septima is the third Palestine whose chief city is Bethsan located under Mount Gelboe near the Jordan and which [contains] Galilee and the great plain of Esdrelon"'}, {'timestamp': '1321', 'event': 'Abulfeda, A Sketch of the Countries: "The Nahr Abi Futrus is the river that runs near Ramla in Filastin"'}, {'timestamp': '1322', 'event': 'Ishtori Haparchi, Sefer Kaftor Vaferach, mentions twice that Ramla is also known as Filastin'}, {'timestamp': '1327', 'event': 'Al-Dimashqi'}, {'timestamp': '1338', 'event': 'Robert Mannyng The Chronicle'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1350', 'event': 'Guidebook to Palestine (a manuscript primarily based on the 1285–1291 account of Christian pilgrim Philippus Brusserius Savonensis): "It [Jerusalem] is built on a high mountain, with hills on every side, in that part of Syria which is called Judaea and Palestine, flowing with milk and honey, abounding in corn, wine, and oil, and all temporal goods"'}, {'timestamp': '1351', 'event': 'Jamal ad Din Ahmad, Muthir al Ghiram (The Exciter of Desire) for Visitation of the Holy City and Syria: "Syria is divided into five districts, namely: i. Filastin, whose capital is Aelia (Jerusalem), eighteen miles from Ramla, which is the Holy City, the metropolis of David and Solomon. Of its towns are Ashkelon, Hebron, Sebastia, and Nablus."'}]
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 900', 'event': 'Limits of the Five Patriarchates: "The first See and the first patriarchate is of Jerusalem, James, the brother of God and apostle and eyewitness, and minister of the word and secrets of secrets and hidden mysteries, contains the whole Palestine a country until Arabia."'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1355', 'event': 'Ibn Battuta, Rihla Ibn Battuta wrote that Ramla was also known as Filastin'}, {'timestamp': '1355', 'event': 'Jacopo da Verona: Liber Peregrinationis: "Primo igitur sciendum est. quod in tota Asyria et Palestina et Egipto et Terra Sancta sunt multi cristiani sub potentia soldani subjugati solventes annuale tributum soldano multa et multa milia."'}, {'timestamp': '1377', 'event': 'Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah: "Filastin Province taxes – 310,000 dinars plus 300,000 ratls of olive oil"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1421', 'event': 'John Poloner "The land which we call the Holy Land came to be divided by lot among the twelve tribes of Israel, and with regard to one part was called the kingdom of Judaea ... with regard to the other part it was called the kingdom of Samaria... Both these kingdoms, together with the land of Philistim, were called Palestine, which was but a part thereof, even as Saxony and Lorraine are parts of Germany, and Lombardy and Tuscany are parts of Italy. And note that there are three Palestines. In the first, the capital city is Jerusalem, with all its hill country even to the Dead Sea and the wilderness of Kadesh Barnea. The second, whose capital city is Caesarea by the sea, with all the land of Philistim\' beginning at Petra Incisa, and reaching as far as Gaza, was the Holy Land toward the south. The third is the capital city of Bethsan, at the foot of Mount Gilboa. This was once called Scythopolis, and is the place where the corpses of Saul\'s soldiers were hung up. This Palestine is properly called Galilee"'}, {'timestamp': '1430', 'event': 'Abu-l Fida Ishak, Muthir al Ghiram (The Exciter of Desire)'}, {'timestamp': '1459', 'event': 'Fra Mauro map'}, {'timestamp': '1470', 'event': 'Al-Suyuti: "Syria is divided into five provinces, or sections:— First, Palestine, so called because first inhabited by Philistin son of Kusin, son of Muti, son of Yūmán, son of Yasith, son of Noah. Its first frontier town is on the Egyptian road Rafah, or Al Arish: next to this is Gaza, then Ramula, or Ramlat Phalistin. Of great cities in Palestine are, Elía, which is the Baitu-l-Mukaddas, eighteen miles from Ramlah (this holy city was the residence of David and Solomon), and Ascalon, and the city of Abraham, and Sebaste, and Neapolis. The whole extent of Palestine is, in length, two days’ journey to one who rides at the rate of a slow-moving beast; and in width, from Japha to Jericho, about as much."'}, {'timestamp': '1480', 'event': 'Felix Fabri "Joppa is the oldest port, and the most ancient city of the province of Palestine"'}, {'timestamp': '1482', 'event': "Francesco di Niccolò Berlinghieri, Geographia, a treatise based upon Ptolemy's Geographica: map: Present-Day Palestine and the Holy Land"}, {'timestamp': '1492', 'event': 'Martin Behaim\'s "Erdapfel" globe'}, {'timestamp': '1496', 'event': 'Mujir al-Din al-\'Ulaymi, The Glorious History of Jerusalem and Hebron: According to Haim Gerber: "Among other things Mujir al-Din’s book is notable for its extensive use of the term "Palestine. " The simple fact is that Mujir al-Din calls the country he lives in Palestine (Filastin), a term he repeats 22 times. One other name he uses for the country is the Holy Land, used as frequently as Palestine. No other names, such as Southern Syria, are ever mentioned... What area did he have in mind when speaking about Palestine? It stretched from Anaj, a point near al-Arish, to Lajjun, south of the Esdraelon valley. It was thus clearly equivalent to the Jund Filastin of classical Islam."'}, {'timestamp': '1536', 'event': 'Jacob Ziegler, Terrae sanctae, quam palestinam nominant, Syriae, Arabiae, Aegypti & Schondiae doctissima descriptio'}, {'timestamp': '1540', 'event': 'Guillaume Postel: Syriae Descriptio'}, {'timestamp': '1553', 'event': 'Pierre Belon, Observations, "De Plusieurs Arbes, Oiseaux, et autres choses singulieres, produictes en la terre de Palestine"'}, {'timestamp': '1560', 'event': 'Geneva Bible, the first mass-produced English-language Bible, translates the Hebrew פלשת Pleshet as "Palestina" (e.g. Ex. 15:14; Isa. 14:29, 31) and "Palestina"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1560', 'event': 'Ebussuud Efendi: Ebu Suud is asked in a fatwa, "What is the meaning of the term the Holy Land, arazi-i mukaddese?" His answer is that various definitions of the term exist, among them the whole of Syria, to Aleppo and Ariha in the north. Others equate it with the area of Jerusalem (al-Quds); still others equate it with the term "Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1561', 'event': 'Anthony Jenkinson, published by Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation: "I William Harborne, her Majesties Ambassadour, Ligier with the Grand Signior, for the affaires of the Levant Company in her Majesties name confirme and appoint Richard Forster Gentleman, my Deputie and Consull in the parts of Alepo, Damasco, Aman, Tripolis, Jerusalem, and all other ports whatsoever in the provinces of Syria, Palestina, and Jurie, to execute the office of Consull over all our Nation her Majesties subjects"'}, {'timestamp': '1563', 'event': 'Josse van Lom, physician of Philip II of Spain: A treatise of continual fevers: "Therefore the Scots, English, Livonians, Danes, Poles, Dutch and Germans, ought to take less blood away in winter than in summer; on the contrary, the Portuguese, Moors, Egyptians, Palestinians, Arabians, and Persians, more in the winter than in summer"'}, {'timestamp': '1563', 'event': 'John Foxe, Foxe\'s Book of Martyrs: "Romanus, a native of Palestine, was deacon of the church of Casearea at the time of the commencement of Diocletian\'s persecution."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1565', 'event': 'Tilemann Stella, map: The Holy Land, the land of promise, which is a part of Syria, the parts that are called Palestina at The Library of Congress'}, {'timestamp': '1565', 'event': 'Ignazio Danti, map: Anatolian peninsula and Middle East in the Palazzo Vecchio (Florence town hall)'}, {'timestamp': '1570', 'event': 'Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World), map: Palestinæ'}, {'timestamp': '1570', 'event': 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, folio 51'}, {'timestamp': '1577', 'event': 'Holinshed\'s Chronicles: "The principal and chief cause I suppose and think to be, because that whereas the patriarch of Jerusalem named Heraclius came in an ambassage unto him, in the name and behalf of all the whole land of Palestine called the Holy Land, requesting that he would take upon him to be their help, and defending the same against the Saladin then king of Egypt and of Damascus"'}, {'timestamp': '1583', 'event': 'Leonhard Rauwolf, Leonis Flaminii Itinerarium per Palaestinam Das ist, Eine mit vielen schönen Curiositaeten angefüllte Reiß-Beschreibung'}, {'timestamp': '1591', 'event': 'Johannes Leunclavius: Historiae Musulmanae Turcorum Latin: "Cuzzimu barec ea ciuitas est Palæstinæ, quam veteres Hierosolyma dixerunt, Hebræi Ierusalem. Nomen hodiernum significa locum benedictum vel inclytum," translates as "Quds Barış is the city of the Palestinians, also known as Hierosolyma, in Hebrew, Jerusalem. The name means the holy one or the glorious one"'}, {'timestamp': '1591', 'event': 'Giovanni Botero'}, {'timestamp': '1594', 'event': 'Uri ben Shimon and Jakob Christmann (ed.): Calendarium Palaestinorum Et Universorum Iudaeorum... "Auctore Rabbi Ori filio Simeonis, Iudeo Palaestino" [Author Rabbi Uri son of Simeon, Palestinian Jew]"'}, {'timestamp': '1596', 'event': "Giovanni Antonio Magini, Geographia, Cosmographia, or Universal Geography: An atlas of Claudius Ptolemy's world of the 2nd century, with maps by Giovanni Antonio Magini of Padua, map: Palaestina, vel Terra Sancta, at Google Books"}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1600', 'event': 'Shakespeare: The Life and Death of King John: Scene II.1 "Richard, that robb\'d the lion of his heart, and fought the holy wars in Palestine" / Othello Scene IV.3: "I know a lady in Venice would have walked barefoot to Palestine for a touch of his [Lodovico\'s] nether lip."'}]
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[{'timestamp': 'c. 1561', 'event': 'Anthony Jenkinson, published by Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation: "I William Harborne, her Majesties Ambassadour, Ligier with the Grand Signior, for the affaires of the Levant Company in her Majesties name confirme and appoint Richard Forster Gentleman, my Deputie and Consull in the parts of Alepo, Damasco, Aman, Tripolis, Jerusalem, and all other ports whatsoever in the provinces of Syria, Palestina, and Jurie, to execute the office of Consull over all our Nation her Majesties subjects"'}, {'timestamp': '1553', 'event': 'Pierre Belon, Observations, "De Plusieurs Arbes, Oiseaux, et autres choses singulieres, produictes en la terre de Palestine"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1565', 'event': 'Tilemann Stella, map: The Holy Land, the land of promise, which is a part of Syria, the parts that are called Palestina at The Library of Congress'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1421', 'event': 'John Poloner "The land which we call the Holy Land came to be divided by lot among the twelve tribes of Israel, and with regard to one part was called the kingdom of Judaea ... with regard to the other part it was called the kingdom of Samaria... Both these kingdoms, together with the land of Philistim, were called Palestine, which was but a part thereof, even as Saxony and Lorraine are parts of Germany, and Lombardy and Tuscany are parts of Italy. And note that there are three Palestines. In the first, the capital city is Jerusalem, with all its hill country even to the Dead Sea and the wilderness of Kadesh Barnea. The second, whose capital city is Caesarea by the sea, with all the land of Philistim\' beginning at Petra Incisa, and reaching as far as Gaza, was the Holy Land toward the south. The third is the capital city of Bethsan, at the foot of Mount Gilboa. This was once called Scythopolis, and is the place where the corpses of Saul\'s soldiers were hung up. This Palestine is properly called Galilee"'}, {'timestamp': '1540', 'event': 'Guillaume Postel: Syriae Descriptio'}, {'timestamp': '1470', 'event': 'Al-Suyuti: "Syria is divided into five provinces, or sections:— First, Palestine, so called because first inhabited by Philistin son of Kusin, son of Muti, son of Yūmán, son of Yasith, son of Noah. Its first frontier town is on the Egyptian road Rafah, or Al Arish: next to this is Gaza, then Ramula, or Ramlat Phalistin. Of great cities in Palestine are, Elía, which is the Baitu-l-Mukaddas, eighteen miles from Ramlah (this holy city was the residence of David and Solomon), and Ascalon, and the city of Abraham, and Sebaste, and Neapolis. The whole extent of Palestine is, in length, two days’ journey to one who rides at the rate of a slow-moving beast; and in width, from Japha to Jericho, about as much."'}, {'timestamp': '1536', 'event': 'Jacob Ziegler, Terrae sanctae, quam palestinam nominant, Syriae, Arabiae, Aegypti & Schondiae doctissima descriptio'}, {'timestamp': '1492', 'event': 'Martin Behaim\'s "Erdapfel" globe'}, {'timestamp': '1563', 'event': 'John Foxe, Foxe\'s Book of Martyrs: "Romanus, a native of Palestine, was deacon of the church of Casearea at the time of the commencement of Diocletian\'s persecution."'}, {'timestamp': '1430', 'event': 'Abu-l Fida Ishak, Muthir al Ghiram (The Exciter of Desire)'}, {'timestamp': '1355', 'event': 'Jacopo da Verona: Liber Peregrinationis: "Primo igitur sciendum est. quod in tota Asyria et Palestina et Egipto et Terra Sancta sunt multi cristiani sub potentia soldani subjugati solventes annuale tributum soldano multa et multa milia."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1560', 'event': 'Ebussuud Efendi: Ebu Suud is asked in a fatwa, "What is the meaning of the term the Holy Land, arazi-i mukaddese?" His answer is that various definitions of the term exist, among them the whole of Syria, to Aleppo and Ariha in the north. Others equate it with the area of Jerusalem (al-Quds); still others equate it with the term "Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': '1459', 'event': 'Fra Mauro map'}, {'timestamp': '1565', 'event': 'Ignazio Danti, map: Anatolian peninsula and Middle East in the Palazzo Vecchio (Florence town hall)'}, {'timestamp': '1570', 'event': 'Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World), map: Palestinæ'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1600', 'event': 'Shakespeare: The Life and Death of King John: Scene II.1 "Richard, that robb\'d the lion of his heart, and fought the holy wars in Palestine" / Othello Scene IV.3: "I know a lady in Venice would have walked barefoot to Palestine for a touch of his [Lodovico\'s] nether lip."'}, {'timestamp': '1563', 'event': 'Josse van Lom, physician of Philip II of Spain: A treatise of continual fevers: "Therefore the Scots, English, Livonians, Danes, Poles, Dutch and Germans, ought to take less blood away in winter than in summer; on the contrary, the Portuguese, Moors, Egyptians, Palestinians, Arabians, and Persians, more in the winter than in summer"'}, {'timestamp': '1560', 'event': 'Geneva Bible, the first mass-produced English-language Bible, translates the Hebrew פלשת Pleshet as "Palestina" (e.g. Ex. 15:14; Isa. 14:29, 31) and "Palestina"'}, {'timestamp': '1594', 'event': 'Uri ben Shimon and Jakob Christmann (ed.): Calendarium Palaestinorum Et Universorum Iudaeorum... "Auctore Rabbi Ori filio Simeonis, Iudeo Palaestino" [Author Rabbi Uri son of Simeon, Palestinian Jew]"'}, {'timestamp': '1355', 'event': 'Ibn Battuta, Rihla Ibn Battuta wrote that Ramla was also known as Filastin'}, {'timestamp': '1591', 'event': 'Giovanni Botero'}, {'timestamp': '1583', 'event': 'Leonhard Rauwolf, Leonis Flaminii Itinerarium per Palaestinam Das ist, Eine mit vielen schönen Curiositaeten angefüllte Reiß-Beschreibung'}, {'timestamp': '1577', 'event': 'Holinshed\'s Chronicles: "The principal and chief cause I suppose and think to be, because that whereas the patriarch of Jerusalem named Heraclius came in an ambassage unto him, in the name and behalf of all the whole land of Palestine called the Holy Land, requesting that he would take upon him to be their help, and defending the same against the Saladin then king of Egypt and of Damascus"'}, {'timestamp': '1496', 'event': 'Mujir al-Din al-\'Ulaymi, The Glorious History of Jerusalem and Hebron: According to Haim Gerber: "Among other things Mujir al-Din’s book is notable for its extensive use of the term "Palestine. " The simple fact is that Mujir al-Din calls the country he lives in Palestine (Filastin), a term he repeats 22 times. One other name he uses for the country is the Holy Land, used as frequently as Palestine. No other names, such as Southern Syria, are ever mentioned... What area did he have in mind when speaking about Palestine? It stretched from Anaj, a point near al-Arish, to Lajjun, south of the Esdraelon valley. It was thus clearly equivalent to the Jund Filastin of classical Islam."'}, {'timestamp': '1482', 'event': "Francesco di Niccolò Berlinghieri, Geographia, a treatise based upon Ptolemy's Geographica: map: Present-Day Palestine and the Holy Land"}, {'timestamp': '1377', 'event': 'Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah: "Filastin Province taxes – 310,000 dinars plus 300,000 ratls of olive oil"'}, {'timestamp': '1591', 'event': 'Johannes Leunclavius: Historiae Musulmanae Turcorum Latin: "Cuzzimu barec ea ciuitas est Palæstinæ, quam veteres Hierosolyma dixerunt, Hebræi Ierusalem. Nomen hodiernum significa locum benedictum vel inclytum," translates as "Quds Barış is the city of the Palestinians, also known as Hierosolyma, in Hebrew, Jerusalem. The name means the holy one or the glorious one"'}, {'timestamp': '1480', 'event': 'Felix Fabri "Joppa is the oldest port, and the most ancient city of the province of Palestine"'}, {'timestamp': '1570', 'event': 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, folio 51'}, {'timestamp': '1596', 'event': "Giovanni Antonio Magini, Geographia, Cosmographia, or Universal Geography: An atlas of Claudius Ptolemy's world of the 2nd century, with maps by Giovanni Antonio Magini of Padua, map: Palaestina, vel Terra Sancta, at Google Books"}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1607', 'event': 'Hans Jacob Breuning von Buchenbach, Enchiridion Orientalischer Reiß Hanns Jacob Breunings, von vnnd zu Buchenbach, so er in Türckey, benandtlichen in Griechenlandt, Egypten, Arabien, Palestinam, vnd in Syrien, vor dieser zeit verrichtet (etc.)'}, {'timestamp': '1610', 'event': 'Douay–Rheims Bible, uses the name Palestine (e.g. Jer 47:1; Ez 16:"1 And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: 2 Son of man, make known to Jerusalem her abominations. 3 And thou shalt say: Thus saith the Lord God to Jerusalem:...56 as it is at this time, making thee a reproach of the daughters of Syria, and of all the daughters of Palestine round about thee, that encompass thee on all sides.")'}, {'timestamp': '1611', 'event': 'King James Version, translates the Hebrew פלשת Pleshet as "Palestina" (e.g. Ex. 15:14; Isa. 14:29, 31) and "Palestine" (e.g. Jl 3:4)'}, {'timestamp': '1613', 'event': 'Salomon Schweigger, Ein newe Reyßbeschreibung auß Teutschland nach Constantinopel und Jerusalem'}, {'timestamp': '1616', 'event': 'Pietro Della Valle: Viaggi di Pietro della Valle il Pellegrino'}, {'timestamp': '1624', 'event': 'Francis Bacon, New Atlantis, "The Phoenicians, and especially the Tyrians, had great fleets; so had the Carthaginians their colony, which is yet farther west. Toward the east the shipping of Egypt, and of Palestine, was likewise great."'}, {'timestamp': '1625', 'event': 'Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus, "And lastly, in the more Eastward, and South parts, as in that part of Cilicia, that is beyond the River Piramus, in Syria, Palestine, Ægypt and Lybia, the Arabian Tongue hath abolished it"'}, {'timestamp': '1637', 'event': 'Philipp Cluverius, Introductionis in universam Geographiam (Introduction to World Geography), map: Palaestina et Phienice cum parte Coele Syria'}, {'timestamp': '1639', 'event': 'Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre also A Pisgah sight of Palestine'}, {'timestamp': '1642', 'event': "Vincenzo Berdini, Historia dell'antica, e moderna Palestina, descritta in tre parti."}, {'timestamp': '1647', 'event': 'Sadiq Isfahani, The Geographical Works of Sadik Isfahani: "Filistin, a region of Syria, Damascus, and Egypt, comprising Ramla, Ashkelon, Beit al Mukuddes (Jerusalem), Kanaan, Bilka, Masisah, and other cities; and from this province is denominated the "Biaban-i Filistin" (or Desert of Palestine), which is also called the "Tiah Beni-Israil""'}, {'timestamp': '1648–57', 'event': 'Kâtip Çelebi, Cihânnümâ (printed by Ibrahim Muteferrika in 1729); the first detailed Ottoman mapping of its Syrian provinces: "The clime of Syria is divided into a number of provinces (eyālet). One is Shām, [M 562] which consists of Damascus. The others are Jerusalem, Tripoli, Sidon, and Aleppo. Syria is then subdivided into ten sanjaks: Damascus, which is the pasha sanjak, Jerusalem, Gaza, Nablus, ʿAj[l]ūn, Lajjūn, Ṣafad, Sidon, Beirut, and Ḳarak and Shawbak. However, Jerusalem, Gaza, Nablus, ʿAjlūn and Ṣafad are a separate group. The noblest of the administrative divisions of Syria is Palestine. Let me begin with it because it includes the district of Jerusalem... Palestine is composed of two sanjaks: Gaza and Jerusalem. Borders: In the southwest the border goes from the Mediterranean and al-ʿArīsh to the Wilderness of the Israelites [Tīh = Sinai]. In the southeast it is the Dead Sea [Bahar Lut] and the Jordan River. In the north it goes from the Jordan River to the borders of Urdun as far as Caesarea."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1649', 'event': 'Evliya Çelebi, Travels in Palestine: "All chronicles call this country the Land of Palestine"'}, {'timestamp': '1649', 'event': 'Johann Heinrich Alsted, Scientiarum Omnium Encyclopaedia: XI. Palestina lacus tres sunt, è quibus duo posteriores natissimi sum historia sacra (11. Palestine has three lakes, the later two of these I relate to Biblical history)'}, {'timestamp': '1650', 'event': ''}, {'timestamp': '1655', 'event': 'Christoph Heidmann, Palaestina: CAPUT V. – De Urbibus Maritimis Philistaeorum, et aliis ad limitem usq AEgypti. Palaestina propriè dicta est ea terrae sanctae pars, quae ad mare Mediterraneum sita urbes aliquot illustres, & reges potentes olim habuit: quod antè etiam indicatum. Populus Philistini sive Philistaei, aut Philistiim appellati, corruptè Palaestini, Graecis, ut & Sulpicio Severo, ?? ?, id est peregrini Ita gentes vocabant à religione & ritibus Iudaeorum aver fas. 2. Hieronymus Philistiim prius Chasloím appellatos ait, posteros Cham, quos nos inquit, corrupté Palaestinos dicimus 3. Fines ejus â Castro peregrinorum seu Dor, aut Caesarea Palaestinae, vel turre Stratonis, usque Gazam, aut torrentem AEgypti, extendir Adrichomius, aitque Enakim inter cos, id est gigantes fuisse robustissimos.'}, {'timestamp': '1660', 'event': 'Manuel de Almeida, Historia de Etiopía a Alta ou Abassia (reprinted in 1710): "This same name [Ethiopia] also denotes those Countries lying along the Red Sea, on the side of Arabia, as far as Palastine, which in Holy Writ are call\'d Ethiopia."'}, {'timestamp': '1664', 'event': "Jean de Thévenot, Relation d'un voyage fait au Levan: Acre est une ville de Palestine située au bord de la mer, elle s'appelloit anciennement Acco."}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1670', 'event': 'Khayr al-Din al-Ramli, al-Fatawa al-Khayriyah: According to Haim Gerber "on several occasions Khayr al-Din al-Ramli calls the country he was living in Palestine, and unquestionably assumes that his readers do likewise. What is even more remarkable is his use of the term "the country" and even "our country" (biladuna), possibly meaning that he had in mind some sort of a loose community focused around that term. " Gerber describes this as "embryonic territorial awareness, though the reference is to social awareness rather than to a political one.'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1670', 'event': 'Salih b. Ahmad al-Timurtashi, The Complete Knowledge of the Limits of the Holy Land and Palestine and Syria (Sham).'}, {'timestamp': '1677', 'event': "Olfert Dapper, Precise Description of whole Syria, and Palestine or Holy Land, 'Naukeurige Beschrijving van Gantsch Syrie en Palestijn of Heilige Lant'"}, {'timestamp': '1681', 'event': 'Olfert Dapper, Asia, oder genaue und gründliche Beschreibung des ganzen Syrien und Palestins, oder Gelobten Landes (Asia, or accurate and thorough description of all Syria and Palestine, or the promised land. (German text; Amsterdam 1681 & Nürnberg 1688)): Gewisse und Gründliche Beschreibung des Gelobten Landes / sonsten Palestina geheissen (Certain and thorough description of the Promised Land / otherwise called Palestine)'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1682', 'event': 'Zucker Holy Land Travel Manuscript: Antiochia die vornehmste und hauptstadt des ganzen Syrien (und auch Palestinia) [Antioch the capital and chief of the whole Syria (and Palestine)]. (p. 67 Calesyria)'}, {'timestamp': '1683', 'event': "Alain Manesson Mallet, Description De l'Univers: map: Syrie Moderne at Archive.org."}, {'timestamp': '1688', 'event': 'John Milner, A Collection of the Church-history of Palestine: Hitherto of Places, now follows an account of the Persons concerned in the Church-History of Palestine. (Milner 1688, p. 19, at Google Books)'}, {'timestamp': '1688', 'event': 'Edmund Bohun, A Geographical Dictionary, Representing the Present and Ancient Names of All the Countries: Jerusalem, Hierosolyma, the Capital City of Palestine, and for a long time of the whole Earth; taken notice of by Pliny, Strabo, and many of the Ancients.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1607', 'event': 'Hans Jacob Breuning von Buchenbach, Enchiridion Orientalischer Reiß Hanns Jacob Breunings, von vnnd zu Buchenbach, so er in Türckey, benandtlichen in Griechenlandt, Egypten, Arabien, Palestinam, vnd in Syrien, vor dieser zeit verrichtet (etc.)'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1693', 'event': "Patrick Gordon (Ma FRS), Geography Anatomiz'd: Palestine, or Judea, Name. ] This Country ...is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards, Palestina; by the French, Palestine; by the Germans Palestinen, or das Gelobte Land; by the English, Palestine, or the Holy Land. (Gordon 1704, p. 290, at Google Books)"}, {'timestamp': '1696', 'event': 'Matthaeus Hiller, Philistaeus exul, s. de origine, diis et terra Palaestinorum diss.'}, {'timestamp': '1703', 'event': 'Henry Maundrell, A journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem at Easter, A.D. 1697: For the husbanding of these mountains, their manner was to gather up the stones, and place them in several lines, along the sides of the hills, in form of a wall. By such borders, they supported the mould from tumbling, or being washed down; and formed many beds of excellent soil, rising gradually one above another, from the bottom to the top of the mountains. Of this form of culture you see evident footsteps, wherever you go in all the mountains of Palestine. Thus the very rocks were made fruitful And perhaps there is no spot of ground in this whole land, that was not formerly improved, to the production of something or other, ministering to the sustenance of human life.'}, {'timestamp': '1704', 'event': "Martin Baumgarten, Travels through Egypt, Arabia, Palestine, and Syria, 'A Collection of Voyages and Travels: Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts': Gaza, or Gazera, was once a great and strong City, and one of the five principal ones in Palestine, and was call'd so by the Persians."}, {'timestamp': '1709', 'event': 'Matthäus Seutter, map: Deserta Aegypti, Thebaidis, Arabiae, Syriae etc. ubi accurata notata sunt loca inhabitata per Sanctos Patres Anachoretas at The Library of Congress'}, {'timestamp': '1714', 'event': 'Johann Ludwig Hannemann, Nebo Chemicus Ceu Viatorium Ostendens Viam In Palestinam Auriferam'}, {'timestamp': '1714', 'event': 'Adriaan Reland, Hadriani Relandi Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata: CAPUT VII. DE NOMINE PALAESTINAE. [i.]Regio omnis quam Judaei incoluerunt nomen Palaestinae habuit. [ii.]Hebraeorum scriptores, Philo, Josephus, & alii hoc nomine usi. [iii.] פלסטיני in antiquissimis Judaeorum scriptis. (Chapter 7. Palestine. [i.]The country that the Jews inhabited was called Palestine. [ii.]The Hebrew Scriptures, Philo, Josephus, et al. who have used this name. [iii.] פלסטיני [Palestinian] in ancient Jewish writings.) [...] Chapter 8. Syria-Palaestina, Syria, and Coelesyria. Herodotus described Syria-Palaestina. The Palestinian southern boundary is lake Serbonian. Jenysus & Jerusalem are cities of Palestine, as is Ashdod and Ashkelon. Palestine is different from Phoenice. map: Palaestina prima.'}, {'timestamp': '1717', 'event': "Laurent d'Arvieux, Voyage dans la Palestine"}, {'timestamp': '1718', 'event': 'Isaac de Beausobre, David Lenfant, Le Nouveau Testament de notre seigneur Jesus-Christ: On a déja eu occasion de parler des divers noms, que portoit autrefois la Terre d Israël, Ici nous désignerons sous le nom de Palestine qui est le plus commun. (We previously spoke of the various names for the Land of Israel, ...Now we will refer to the Land of Israel by the name of Palestine which is the most common)'}, {'timestamp': '1718', 'event': "John Toland, Nazarenus: or Jewish, Gentile and Mahometan Christianity: NOW if you'll suppose with me (till my proofs appear) this pre-eminence and immortality of the Mosaic Republic in its original purity, it will follow; that, as the Jews known at this day, and who are dispers'd over Europe, Asia, and Africa, with some few in America, are found by good calculation to be more numerous than either the Spaniards (for example) or the French: so if they ever happen to be resettl'd in Palestine upon their original foundation, which is not at all impossible; they will then, by reason of their excellent constitution, be much more populous, rich, and powerful than any other nation now in the world. I Wou'd have you consider, whether it be not both the interest and duty of Christians to assist them in regaining their country. But more of this when we meet. I am with as much respect as friendship (dear Sir) ever yours, [signed] J.T. [at] Hague 1719 (Toland 1718, p. 8 at Google Books)."}, {'timestamp': '1720', 'event': "Richard Cumberland, Sanchoniatho's Phoenician History: That the Philistines who were of Mizraim's family, were the first planters of Crete. ...I observe that in the Scripture language the Philistines are call'd Cerethites, Sam. xxx. 14, 16. Ezek. xxv. 16. Zeph. ii. 5. And in the two last of these places the Septuagint translates that word Cretes. The name signifies archers, men that in war were noted for skill in using bows and arrows. ...[I] believe that both the people and the religion, (which commonly go together) settled in Crete, came from these Philistines who are originally of Ægyptian race."}, {'timestamp': '1730', 'event': 'Joshua Ottens, map: Persia (Iran, Iraq, Turkey)'}, {'timestamp': '1736', 'event': 'Herman Moll, map: Turkey in Asia'}, {'timestamp': '1737', 'event': "Isaac Newton, Interpretation of Daniel's Prophecies"}, {'timestamp': '1738', 'event': 'D. Midwinter, A New Geographical Dictionary ... to which is now added the latitude and longitude of the most considerable cities and towns,&c. , of the world: Jerusalem, Palestine, Asia – [Latitude 32 44 N] – [Longitude 35 15 E]'}, {'timestamp': '1741', 'event': 'William Cave, Scriptorum eccleriasticorum historia literaria'}, {'timestamp': '1741', 'event': 'Jonas Korten, Jonas Kortens Reise nach dem weiland Gelobten nun aber seit 1700 Jahren unter dem Fluche ligenden Lande, wie auch nach Egypten, dem Berg Libanon, Syrien und Mesopotamien.'}, {'timestamp': '1743', 'event': 'Richard Pococke: Description of the East'}, {'timestamp': '1744', 'event': 'Charles Thompson (fict. name.), The travels of the late Charles Thompson esq.: I shall henceforwards, without Regard to geographical Niceties and Criticisms, consider myself as in the Holy Land, Palestine or Judea; which Names I find used indifferently, though perhaps with some Impropriety, to signify the same Country.'}, {'timestamp': '1744', 'event': 'Johann Christoph Harenberg, La Palestine ou la Terre Sainte: Map: Palaestina seu Terra olim tum duodecim tribubus distributa, tum a Davide et Salomone, et Terra Gosen Archived 2015-07-01 at the Wayback Machine at the National Library of Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '1746', 'event': 'Modern History Or the Present State of All Nations: "Palestine, or the Holy Land, sometimes also called Judea, is bound by Mount Libanus on the north; by Arabia Deserta on the east; by Arabia Petrea on the south; and by the Mediterranean Sea on the west"'}, {'timestamp': '1747', 'event': 'The modern Gazetteer: "Palestine, a part of Asiatic Turkey, is situated between 36 and 38 degrees of E longitude and between 31 and 34 degrees of N latitude, bounded by the Mount Libanus, which divides it from Syria, on the North, by Mount Hermon, which separates it from Arabia Deserta, on the East, by the mountains of Seir, and the deserts of Arabia Petraea, on the South, and by the Mediterranean Sea on the West, so that it seems to have been extremely well secured against foreign invasions."'}, {'timestamp': '1750', 'event': 'Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti, Veritas religionis christianae contra atheos, polytheos, idololatras, mahometanos, [et] judaeos ...'}, {'timestamp': '1751', 'event': 'The London Magazine'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1738', 'event': 'D. Midwinter, A New Geographical Dictionary ... to which is now added the latitude and longitude of the most considerable cities and towns,&c. , of the world: Jerusalem, Palestine, Asia – [Latitude 32 44 N] – [Longitude 35 15 E]'}, {'timestamp': '1704', 'event': "Martin Baumgarten, Travels through Egypt, Arabia, Palestine, and Syria, 'A Collection of Voyages and Travels: Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts': Gaza, or Gazera, was once a great and strong City, and one of the five principal ones in Palestine, and was call'd so by the Persians."}, {'timestamp': '1750', 'event': 'Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti, Veritas religionis christianae contra atheos, polytheos, idololatras, mahometanos, [et] judaeos ...'}, {'timestamp': '1717', 'event': "Laurent d'Arvieux, Voyage dans la Palestine"}, {'timestamp': '1718', 'event': "John Toland, Nazarenus: or Jewish, Gentile and Mahometan Christianity: NOW if you'll suppose with me (till my proofs appear) this pre-eminence and immortality of the Mosaic Republic in its original purity, it will follow; that, as the Jews known at this day, and who are dispers'd over Europe, Asia, and Africa, with some few in America, are found by good calculation to be more numerous than either the Spaniards (for example) or the French: so if they ever happen to be resettl'd in Palestine upon their original foundation, which is not at all impossible; they will then, by reason of their excellent constitution, be much more populous, rich, and powerful than any other nation now in the world. I Wou'd have you consider, whether it be not both the interest and duty of Christians to assist them in regaining their country. But more of this when we meet. I am with as much respect as friendship (dear Sir) ever yours, [signed] J.T. [at] Hague 1719 (Toland 1718, p. 8 at Google Books)."}, {'timestamp': '1720', 'event': "Richard Cumberland, Sanchoniatho's Phoenician History: That the Philistines who were of Mizraim's family, were the first planters of Crete. ...I observe that in the Scripture language the Philistines are call'd Cerethites, Sam. xxx. 14, 16. Ezek. xxv. 16. Zeph. ii. 5. And in the two last of these places the Septuagint translates that word Cretes. The name signifies archers, men that in war were noted for skill in using bows and arrows. ...[I] believe that both the people and the religion, (which commonly go together) settled in Crete, came from these Philistines who are originally of Ægyptian race."}, {'timestamp': '1744', 'event': 'Johann Christoph Harenberg, La Palestine ou la Terre Sainte: Map: Palaestina seu Terra olim tum duodecim tribubus distributa, tum a Davide et Salomone, et Terra Gosen Archived 2015-07-01 at the Wayback Machine at the National Library of Israel.'}, {'timestamp': '1709', 'event': 'Matthäus Seutter, map: Deserta Aegypti, Thebaidis, Arabiae, Syriae etc. ubi accurata notata sunt loca inhabitata per Sanctos Patres Anachoretas at The Library of Congress'}, {'timestamp': '1714', 'event': 'Adriaan Reland, Hadriani Relandi Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata: CAPUT VII. DE NOMINE PALAESTINAE. [i.]Regio omnis quam Judaei incoluerunt nomen Palaestinae habuit. [ii.]Hebraeorum scriptores, Philo, Josephus, & alii hoc nomine usi. [iii.] פלסטיני in antiquissimis Judaeorum scriptis. (Chapter 7. Palestine. [i.]The country that the Jews inhabited was called Palestine. [ii.]The Hebrew Scriptures, Philo, Josephus, et al. who have used this name. [iii.] פלסטיני [Palestinian] in ancient Jewish writings.) [...] Chapter 8. Syria-Palaestina, Syria, and Coelesyria. Herodotus described Syria-Palaestina. The Palestinian southern boundary is lake Serbonian. Jenysus & Jerusalem are cities of Palestine, as is Ashdod and Ashkelon. Palestine is different from Phoenice. map: Palaestina prima.'}, {'timestamp': '1718', 'event': 'Isaac de Beausobre, David Lenfant, Le Nouveau Testament de notre seigneur Jesus-Christ: On a déja eu occasion de parler des divers noms, que portoit autrefois la Terre d Israël, Ici nous désignerons sous le nom de Palestine qui est le plus commun. (We previously spoke of the various names for the Land of Israel, ...Now we will refer to the Land of Israel by the name of Palestine which is the most common)'}, {'timestamp': '1736', 'event': 'Herman Moll, map: Turkey in Asia'}, {'timestamp': '1730', 'event': 'Joshua Ottens, map: Persia (Iran, Iraq, Turkey)'}, {'timestamp': '1747', 'event': 'The modern Gazetteer: "Palestine, a part of Asiatic Turkey, is situated between 36 and 38 degrees of E longitude and between 31 and 34 degrees of N latitude, bounded by the Mount Libanus, which divides it from Syria, on the North, by Mount Hermon, which separates it from Arabia Deserta, on the East, by the mountains of Seir, and the deserts of Arabia Petraea, on the South, and by the Mediterranean Sea on the West, so that it seems to have been extremely well secured against foreign invasions."'}, {'timestamp': '1703', 'event': 'Henry Maundrell, A journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem at Easter, A.D. 1697: For the husbanding of these mountains, their manner was to gather up the stones, and place them in several lines, along the sides of the hills, in form of a wall. By such borders, they supported the mould from tumbling, or being washed down; and formed many beds of excellent soil, rising gradually one above another, from the bottom to the top of the mountains. Of this form of culture you see evident footsteps, wherever you go in all the mountains of Palestine. Thus the very rocks were made fruitful And perhaps there is no spot of ground in this whole land, that was not formerly improved, to the production of something or other, ministering to the sustenance of human life.'}, {'timestamp': '1693', 'event': "Patrick Gordon (Ma FRS), Geography Anatomiz'd: Palestine, or Judea, Name. ] This Country ...is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards, Palestina; by the French, Palestine; by the Germans Palestinen, or das Gelobte Land; by the English, Palestine, or the Holy Land. (Gordon 1704, p. 290, at Google Books)"}, {'timestamp': '1696', 'event': 'Matthaeus Hiller, Philistaeus exul, s. de origine, diis et terra Palaestinorum diss.'}, {'timestamp': '1714', 'event': 'Johann Ludwig Hannemann, Nebo Chemicus Ceu Viatorium Ostendens Viam In Palestinam Auriferam'}, {'timestamp': '1743', 'event': 'Richard Pococke: Description of the East'}, {'timestamp': '1737', 'event': "Isaac Newton, Interpretation of Daniel's Prophecies"}, {'timestamp': '1741', 'event': 'Jonas Korten, Jonas Kortens Reise nach dem weiland Gelobten nun aber seit 1700 Jahren unter dem Fluche ligenden Lande, wie auch nach Egypten, dem Berg Libanon, Syrien und Mesopotamien.'}, {'timestamp': '1744', 'event': 'Charles Thompson (fict. name.), The travels of the late Charles Thompson esq.: I shall henceforwards, without Regard to geographical Niceties and Criticisms, consider myself as in the Holy Land, Palestine or Judea; which Names I find used indifferently, though perhaps with some Impropriety, to signify the same Country.'}, {'timestamp': '1746', 'event': 'Modern History Or the Present State of All Nations: "Palestine, or the Holy Land, sometimes also called Judea, is bound by Mount Libanus on the north; by Arabia Deserta on the east; by Arabia Petrea on the south; and by the Mediterranean Sea on the west"'}, {'timestamp': '1741', 'event': 'William Cave, Scriptorum eccleriasticorum historia literaria'}, {'timestamp': '1751', 'event': 'The London Magazine'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1759', 'event': 'Johannes Aegidius van Egmont, John Heyman (of Leydon), Travels Through Part of Europe, Asia Minor, the Islands of the Archipelago, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mount Sinai, &c. &c. : The Jews of Jerusalem are divided into three sects, the Karaites, who adhere to the letter of the Scripture, without admitting any comments, or glosses; the Rabbinists, who receive for indubitable truths, all the comments and traditions so well known in the world, and are hence much more superstitious than the former; the third are the Askenites, who come from Germany, and are known among their brethren by the name of new converts; not being descended from the twelve tribes. [...] Besides these three sects, there is in the country of Palestine a fourth sort of Jews, but sworn enemies to the others, I mean the Samaritans; these have frequently endeavoured by the arts of bribery to obtain the privilege of living in Jerusalem, and in order to accomplish this design, have lavished away above five hundred purses.'}, {'timestamp': '1763', 'event': 'Voltaire, The Works of M. de Voltaire: Additions to the essay on general history: The same may be said of the prohibition of eating pork, blood, or the flesh of beasts dying of any disease; these are precepts of health. The flesh of swine in particular is a very unwholesome food in those hot countries, as well as in the Palestine, that lies in their neighbourhood. When the Mahometan religion spread itself into colder climates, this abstinence ceased to be reasonable; but nevertheless did not cease to be in force. (Voltaire, ed. Smollett and Francklin 1763, p. 42 at Google Books)'}, {'timestamp': '1765', 'event': 'Christoph Schrader, Gebhardt Theodor Meier, Tabulae chronologicae a prima rerum origine et inde ad nostra tempora: 225 CE. Jews were allowed to live in Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1778', 'event': 'Denis Diderot, Encyclopédie, "Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': '1779', 'event': 'George Sale, Ancient Part of Universal History: "How Judæa came to be called also Phœnice, or Phœnicia, we have already shewn in the history of that nation. At present, the name of Palestine is that which has most prevailed among the Christian doctors, Mahommedan and other writers. (See Reland Palestin. illustrat.)"'}, {'timestamp': '1782', 'event': 'Johann Georg Meusel, Bibliotheca historica: Sectio I. Scriptores de Palaestina I. Scriptores universales A. Itineraria et Topographiae a testibus oculatis conditae. 70 B. Geographi Palaestinae recentiores, qui non ipsi terram istam perlustrarunt, sed ex itinerariis modo recensitis aliisque fontibus sua depromserunt. 94 II. Scriptores de Palaestina Speciales A. Scriptores de aere folo et fetilitate Palaestinae. 110 [...] E. Scriptores de variis argumentis aliis hue pertinentibus. 117'}, {'timestamp': '1788', 'event': 'Constantine de Volney, Travels through Syria and Egypt, in the years 1783, 1784, and 1785: Palestine abounds in sesamum from which oil is procured and doura as good as that of Egypt. ...Indigo grows without cultivating on the banks of the Jordan, in the country of Bisan. ...As for trees, the olive-tree of Provence grows at Antioch and Ramla, to the height of the beech. ...there were in the gardens of Yaffa, two plants of the Indian cotton-tree which grow rapidly, nor has this town lost its lemons, its enormous citrons, or its water melons. ...Gaza produces dates like Mecca, and pomegranates like Algiers.'}, {'timestamp': '1791', 'event': 'Giovanni Mariti, Travels Through Cyprus, Syria, and Palestine; with a General History of the Levant. Translated from the Italian: OF THE HEBREWS. TWO kinds of Jews are found in Syria and Palestine; one of which are originally from these countries, and the other foreigners. A diversity of religious systems divides them, as well as all the other nations on the earth, who give too much importance to the spirit of theological dispute. They are distinguished into Talmudists, and Caraites, or enemies of the Talmud: and such is the inveterate hatred of the latter against the rest of their brethren, that they will not suffer them to be interred in the same burying-grounds, where all mankind in the like manner must moulder in-to dust.'}, {'timestamp': '1794', 'event': "Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, map: A New Map of Turkey in Asia"}, {'timestamp': '1799', 'event': 'Pierre Jacotin, Napoleon\'s director of surveyancing, begins work on the "Jacotin Map": The region is labelled "Palestine" in French and فلسطين أو أرض قدس ("Palestine or Holy Land") in Arabic'}, {'timestamp': '1801', 'event': 'Thomas Roberts (toxophilite), The English Bowman, Or Tracts on Archery: "The Philistines, indeed, are frequently noticed in sacred history, as men very skilful in the use of the bow. To this ancient people, who appear to have been a very warlike nation, the invention of the bow and arrow has been ascribed. Universal Hist. (anc. part) vol. 2. p. 220."'}, {'timestamp': '1803', 'event': 'Cedid Atlas, showing the term ارض فلاستان ("Land of Palestine")'}, {'timestamp': '1805', 'event': 'Palestine Association founded'}, {'timestamp': '1806', 'event': 'Lant Carpenter, An Introduction to the Geography of the New Testament: He brought out in 1806 a popular manual of New Testament geography. (Levant map, p. PA4, at Google Books)'}, {'timestamp': '1809', 'event': 'Reginald Heber, Palestine: a Poem'}, {'timestamp': '1811', 'event': 'François-René de Chateaubriand, Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem (Travels in Greece, Palestine, Egypt, and Barbary, during the years 1806 and 1807 [trans. 1812]): As to travellers of very recent date such as Muller, Vanzow, Korte, Bescheider, Mariti, Volney, Niebuhr, and Brown, they are almost totally silent respecting the holy places. The narrative of Deshayes (1621), who was sent to Palestine by Louis XIII, appears therefore to me the fittest to be followed.'}, {'timestamp': '1812', 'event': 'William Crotch, Palestine (an oratorio)'}, {'timestamp': '1819', 'event': 'George Paxton, Illustrations of the Holy Scriptures: in three Parts. \u2003 1. From the Geography of the East. \u2003 2. From the Natural History of the East. \u2003 3. From the Customs of Ancient and Modern Nations. Females of distinction in Palestine, and even in Mesopotamia, are not only beautiful and well-shaped, but, in consequence of being always kept from the rays of the sun, are very fair.'}, {'timestamp': '1819', 'event': 'Abraham Rees, Palestine & Syria, The Cyclopædia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature: Palestine, says Volney, is a district independent of every Pachalic.'}, {'timestamp': '1822', 'event': 'Conrad Malte-Brun, Universal Geography, Or, a Description of All the Parts of the World, on a New Plan: BOOK XXVII. TURKEY IN ASIA.'}, {'timestamp': '1822', 'event': 'James Silk Buckingham, Travels in Palestine, through the countries of Bashan and Gilead, east of the river Jordan: incl. a visit to the cities of Geraza and Gamala, in the Decapolis.'}, {'timestamp': '1822', 'event': 'Robert Richardson, Travels Along the Mediterranean and Parts Adjacent: In Company with the Earl of Belmore, During the Years 1816-17-18.'}, {'timestamp': '1823', 'event': 'Charles Leonard Irby, James Mangles, Travels in Egypt and Nubia, Syria, and Asia Minor; During the Years 1817 and 1818.'}, {'timestamp': '1823', 'event': 'Ernst Friedrich Karl Rosenmüller, "Geographie von Palästina." Handbuch der biblischen Altertumskunde: Biblische Geographie.'}, {'timestamp': '1824', 'event': 'Robert Watt, Syria, Bibliotheca Britannica; Or, A General Index to British and Foreign Literature: SYRIA (S.), a province of Turkey, in Asia.'}, {'timestamp': '1827', 'event': "Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, Allgemeine deutsche Real-Encyklopädie für die gebildeten Stände: Palästina (Falesthin), wegen der, den Nachkommen Abraham's gegebenen Verheißung, das gelobte Land genannt."}, {'timestamp': '1827', 'event': 'Philippe Vandermaelen, Atlas universel de geographie physique: map: Syrie et Palestine {Asie 63}, at Princeton gisserver.'}, {'timestamp': '1830', 'event': 'Josiah Conder, "Palestine." The Modern Traveller.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1759', 'event': 'Johannes Aegidius van Egmont, John Heyman (of Leydon), Travels Through Part of Europe, Asia Minor, the Islands of the Archipelago, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mount Sinai, &c. &c. : The Jews of Jerusalem are divided into three sects, the Karaites, who adhere to the letter of the Scripture, without admitting any comments, or glosses; the Rabbinists, who receive for indubitable truths, all the comments and traditions so well known in the world, and are hence much more superstitious than the former; the third are the Askenites, who come from Germany, and are known among their brethren by the name of new converts; not being descended from the twelve tribes. [...] Besides these three sects, there is in the country of Palestine a fourth sort of Jews, but sworn enemies to the others, I mean the Samaritans; these have frequently endeavoured by the arts of bribery to obtain the privilege of living in Jerusalem, and in order to accomplish this design, have lavished away above five hundred purses.'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1833', 'event': 'Heinrich Friedrich Pfannkuche: "In the writings of the Greeks and Romans, we need not look for indications of a very familiar acquaintance with the history and language of the Palestinian Jews, since they did not even vouchsafe their attention to the language and national writings of the more civilized nations of antiquity, such as the Carthaginians, Phoenicians, and Strabo, from whom we have quoted above the passages bearing upon our subject, is perhaps the only one who imparts this general information of the Syrians, (to whom the Palestinians also belonged,) that they and their neighbours spoke a cognate language, but he enters on no farther explanation as to the difference between their dialects"'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1834', 'event': 'Neophytos, monk of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre: "The conquest of Ptolemais was celebrated in Jerusalem with illuminations, dancing and music, in every street and place in the city... The Moslems alone could not hide their sorrow and sullenness (although they danced with the rest), because they had a presentment that Egypt would use its power against them. They felt they could not continue to act as they wished, and that hereafter Jerusalem and all of Palestine would be reformed."'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': 'Karl Georg von Raumer, Palästina'}, {'timestamp': '1835', 'event': "Heinrich Berghaus, Asia, Sammlung von Denkschriften in Beziehung auf die Geo- und Hydrographie dieses Erdtheils; zur Erklärung und Erläuterung seines Karten-Atlas zusammengetragen: Map of Syria (No. 5 of Berghaus' Atlas of Asia): Karte von Syrien, den Manen Jacotin's und Burckhardt's gewidmet at the National Library of Israel."}, {'timestamp': '1837', 'event': 'Lord Lindsay, Letters on Egypt, Edom and the Holy Land: "...we bade adieu to Jerusalem... It was our intention, after exploring Palestine (properly so called), to cross the Jordan, and visit Jerash"'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Humphry Davy, The collected works of Sir Humphry Davy: Palestine, a name supposed to be derived from the ancient Philistine coast, has been applied, from the earliest of modern ages, to the territory anciently assigned as the portion of the twelve tribes. The dimensions of this country do not correspond to its fame: it may be 150 miles in length north and south, and nearly as much in extreme breadth. It is bounded on the west by the Mediterranean; on the north it ranges along the southern skirts of Libanus; while on the east and south it passes into the Arabian desert, amid long ranges of rocky hills. Judea is a high country, rising by successive terraces from a shore that is, in many places bold and lofty. Its principal eminences, Carmel, Bashan, Tabor, do not ascend into bleak and rugged heights: they are covered with villages, rich pastures, and luxuriant woods; on their slopes are copious vineyards, and in the clefts of the rocks numerous bees, feeding on their aromatic plants, deposit their honey. Traces are even found of a cultivation, by artificial terraces, equal to that which prevails in the most improved parts of the East.'}, {'timestamp': '1838', 'event': 'Charles G. Addison, Damascus and Palmyra: a journey to the East: In the commencement of 1834, insurrections broke out in the mountains of Nablous, on Djebel Khalil, and in various parts of Palestine. Some of them, it is admitted, were promoted by the lawless and the disaffected to all settled government; others were fostered by the Sheikhs, who were discontented at their exactions from Christian pilgrims being put an end to, and many by the Bedouin Arabs and the mountaineers of Lebanon, who were discontented that the contributions they had been in the habit of imposing upon villages had been stopped.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': 'Ferdinand de Géramb, A pilgrimage to Palestine, Egypt and Syria: And, once more, that which most contributes to render Palestine a desert is the despotic government under which it groans, and the motto of which is destruction. It cannot be too often repeated —the Porte daily puts up this wretched country to auction : the pacha who offers most becomes its tyrant. Master of the life of the Arab as well as of his camel, of his horse as well as of his tent, he marks his passage by exactions alone. At sight of his satellites coming to levy the tribute, the population of whole villages abandon their ruined dwellings; and the poor oppressed inhabitants choose rather to die of want, in caverns of the rocks, than to expire under the bastinado of the soldier, who on his part, enraged at seeing his prey escape, revenges himself by cutting down the olive-tree of the fugitive whom he could not overtake.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': "George Long, Palestine & Syria, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: The modern history of Palestine is more conveniently included under SYRIA. The only portions of it which demand a separate notice have been treated of under Crusades. At present the country forms a part of Syria being included under the pashaliks of Damascus Akka and Tripoli and forming part of the viceroyalty of the pasha of Egypt. [...] In the most usual application of the word, Syria was the district bounded by the range of Amanus on the north, by the Mediterranean on the west, by the Euphrates and the Arabian Desert on the east and south, and by the 'river of Egypt' probably the river (El-Arish) on the south-west. In a still narrower sense it sometimes denoted the same district, with the exception of Phoenicia and Palestine, (Ptol., v. 16.) Herodotus, in speaking of Palestine, includes it in Syria, as a subordinate division: he calls it 'the Palestine Syria' (???, ii. 106)."}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': 'John Kitto, The Pictorial History of Palestine and The Holy Land including a Complete History Of The Jews, Vol. I. Biblical History. Vol. II. Biblical History, Continued. Natural History And Geography.'}, {'timestamp': '1841', 'event': 'John Kitto, Palestine: the Physical Geography and Natural History of the Holy Land, Illustrated with Woodcuts.'}, {'timestamp': '1841', 'event': 'Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, mount Sinai and Arabia Petrea: The great body of Christians in Palestine are of the Greek church ; but they are all native Arabs, and employ only the Arabic language in their worship.'}, {'timestamp': '1841', 'event': 'Charles Henry Churchill in correspondence with Sir Moses Montefiore: "Were the resources which you all possess steadily directed towards the regeneration of Syria and Palestine, there cannot be a doubt but that, under the blessing of the Most High, [the European Powers] would amply repay the undertaking, and that you would end by obtaining the sovereignty of at least Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': '1842', 'event': 'Adriano Balbi, System of universal geography, founded on the works of Malte-Burn and Balbi: Cities, Towns, &c. , in Syria and Palestine. Santa Saba, 8 or 9 miles S.E. of Jerusalem, a monastery remarkable for its situation on a height, which rises precipitously several hundred feet from the deep valley of the brook Kedron. Beside it are numerous grottoes, which are said to have been inhabited by more than 10,000 monks at the epoch when St. Saba introduced the monastic life into Palestine. In continual danger from the wild Arabs, the convent appears like a fortress, with immensely strong and lofty towers.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Alexander Keith, The Land of Israel, According to the Covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob: Palestine abounding in cultivated and flourishing regions, has several great cities which rival each other in their excellence, viz. Caesarea, Eleutheropolis, Neapolis, Askelon, and Gaza. The region beyond the Jordan, donominated Arabia, is rich in the variety of the merchandise of which it is full; it has besides other large towns the cities of Bostra, Gerasa, and Philadelphia, which the solidity of their walls renders most secure (Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv. cap. viii.). [...] In Palestine, sesamum abounds, from which they procure oil, and dourra (a kind of pulse) as good as that of Egypt. Maize thrives in the light soil of Baalbec; and even rice is cultivated with success on the borders of the marshy countries of Havula. They have lately begun to cultivate sugar-canes in the gardens of Saide and of Beyrout, equal to those of the Delta. Indigo grows without cultivation on the banks of the Jordan, in the country of Bisan, and needs but care to improve the quality. Tobacco is now cultivated throughout all the mountains. As for trees, the olive of Provence grows at Antioch, and at Ramla, to the height of the beech.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1833', 'event': 'Heinrich Friedrich Pfannkuche: "In the writings of the Greeks and Romans, we need not look for indications of a very familiar acquaintance with the history and language of the Palestinian Jews, since they did not even vouchsafe their attention to the language and national writings of the more civilized nations of antiquity, such as the Carthaginians, Phoenicians, and Strabo, from whom we have quoted above the passages bearing upon our subject, is perhaps the only one who imparts this general information of the Syrians, (to whom the Palestinians also belonged,) that they and their neighbours spoke a cognate language, but he enters on no farther explanation as to the difference between their dialects"'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Origen Bacheler, Restoration and Conversion of the Jews: But ever since 1832, when Mehemet Ali took possession of Syria, there has been a remarkable flocking of the Jews to Palestine. The precise number of them at present in the Holy Land is estimated to amount to about 40,000.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Stephen Olin, Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and the Holy land: European merchants could not live in the East, except under the protection of their own consuls. They never become subjects to the native rulers. If some civilized, Christian power would rescue Palestine, by treaty or force, from Mohammedan rule, and establish an enlightened, equitable, and stable government, then might it become a desirable residence for civilized men; but on no other condition could a residence there be endured by any but barbarians, content to be poor and tolerant from long habit of oppression and injustice. It fills me with surprise to see some of the best men of England labouring to promote the colonization of Jews in Palestine, and that under existing governments. The Jews are precisely the last people on earth fitted for such an enterprise, as they are a nation of traffickers, and know nothing of agriculture. Besides, the Jews of Europe and America are civilized and wealthy, and would not relish oppression and robbery, even in Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': "Johann Friedrich Röhr, Röhr's Historico-geographical account of Palestine: Researches in Palestine: Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1799, gave new importance to Palestine. It was connected with his conquest of Egypt, and was undertaken nominally to repulse the Turkish army under Djezzar (Or the Butcher, so called by his subjects from his incredible cruelties. He died in 1808, apparently with a quiet conscience), the Pacha of St Jean d'Acre, by which he was threatened, and prevent it obstructing his intentions as to Egypt, but actually to get possession of the vast wealth of this Pacha, treasured up in Acre, and make this the foundation of other extensive projects as to the east."}, {'timestamp': '1844', 'event': 'J. T. Bannister, A Survey of the Holy Land...: "Tacitus compares both the climate and the soil to those of Italy, and particularly specifies the palm and balsam-trees as productions which gave the country an advantage over his own. Justin confirms the account of Tacitus, respecting the exuberant produce of Palestine, its beautiful climate, its palm and fragrant balsam-trees."'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Encyclopædia Metropolitana, "Syria."'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Salomon Munk, Palestine, Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique," in "L\'Univers Pittoresque: Under the name Palestine, we comprehend the small country formerly inhabited by the Israelites, and which is today part of Acre and Damascus pachalics. It stretched between 31 and 33° N. latitude and between 32 and 35° degrees E. longitude, an area of about 1300 lieues carrées (League (unit)#France). Some zealous writers, to give the land of the Hebrews some political importance, have exaggerated the extent of Palestine; but we have an authority for us that one can not reject. St. Jerome, who had long traveled in this country, said in his letter to Dardanus (ep. 129) that the northern boundary to that of the southern, was a distance of 160 Roman miles, which is about 55 lieues (League (unit)#France). He paid homage to the truth despite his fears, as he said himself, of availing the Promised Land to pagan mockery, "Pudet dicere latitudinem terrae repromissionis, ne ethnicis occasionem blasphemandi dedisse uideamur."'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Walter McLeod, The geography of Palestine: MODERN DIVISIONS. 8. Palestine is now divided into pashalicks, the most important of which are Akka and Damascus. The country is under the dominion of the Turks, and is governed by Mehemet Pasha, who has been recently appointed the governor-general of Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Thomas Wright (biographer), Early travels in Palestine: comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald, [and others]: Arculf, Willibald, Bernard, Sæwulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela, Sir John Mandeville, De la Brocquiere, and Maundrell.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Carl Ritter, The Comparative Geography of Palestine and the Sinaitic Peninsula: CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF THE AUTHORITIES ON THE GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE. ...the lists of authorities given by Reland, Pococke, Meusel, Bellermann, Rosenmüller, Berghaus, Hammer-Purgstall, and more especially by von Raumer and Robinson. ...Others which we have from the English and the French ...John Kitto, Munk.'}, {'timestamp': '1848–49', 'event': 'Ottoman Archives: Ottoman map of Palestine, showing the term "filastin ülkesi" ("the land of Palestine") for the region between Ramle and Jaffa south of the Yarkon River.'}, {'timestamp': '1849', 'event': "William F. Lynch, Narrative of the United States' Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea: To the east of Bethlehem is the hill where the shepherds heard the annunciation of the birth of the Messiah; and in the plain below, the field where Ruth gleaned after the reapers. The country around was luxuriant with vegetation, and the yellow grain, even as we looked, was falling beneath the sickle. Variegated flint, chalk and limestone, without fossils, cropped out occasionally on the hill sides; but along the lower slopes, and in the bottom of the valley, were continuous groves, with a verdant carpet beneath them. It was the most rural and the loveliest spot we had seen in Palestine. From among many flowers we gathered a beautiful white one, free from all earthly taint, fit emblem of the purity of the infant Godhead."}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'Yehoseph Schwarz, A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine: In the year 5592 (1832), Mahmud Ali, pacha of Alexandria in Egypt, declared himself independent of the Sultan of Constantinople. His son, Abraim Pacha, moved suddenly with a large force towards Palestine, and took without almost any resistance on the part of the adherents of the Sultan, Jaffa, Jerusalem, Nablus, and Chaifa, and placed Egyptian soldiers as garrisons in the same, and appeared next before Akko, which was occupied by Abd Alla Pacha, and besieged it a long time, and took it finally by storm, carrying away the Pacha as prisoner to Egypt. He gradually now occupied all Palestine, Syria, Arabia, and Nubia.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'James Redhouse, An English and Turkish dictionary: Regarded as the original and authoritative Ottoman-English dictionary, translates Holy Land as dari-filastin (House of Palestine).'}, {'timestamp': '1858', 'event': 'Josias Leslie Porter, A handbook for travellers in Syria and Palestine: The modern inhabitants of Southern Palestine may be divided into two classes—the Bedawin, or wandering tribes who dwell in tents, and the Fellahin, who reside in villages. [...] The plain of Akka is one of the richest in Palestine —producing alike the most luxuriant crops and the rankest weeds in the country.'}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'Samuel Augustus Mitchell, map: Turkey in Asia and Geographicus – Arabia'}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'David Kay (FRGS), ed. Thomas Stewart Traill, Palestine, Encyclopædia Britannica: [Palestine] ...was finally subdued in 1517 by Selim I., the sultan of the Turks, under whom it has continued for more than 300 years. ...until the memorable invasion of Egypt by the French army in 1798. Bonaparte being apprised that preparations were making in the pashalic of Acre for attacking him in Egypt, resolved, according to his usual tactics, to anticipate the movements of his enemies. He accordingly marched across the desert which divides Egypt from Palestine, and invaded the country at the head of 10,000 troops. After taking several towns, and among the rest Jaffa, where he stained his character by the atrocious massacre of 4000 prisoners. (Kay 1859)'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1848–49', 'event': 'Ottoman Archives: Ottoman map of Palestine, showing the term "filastin ülkesi" ("the land of Palestine") for the region between Ramle and Jaffa south of the Yarkon River.'}, {'timestamp': '1858', 'event': 'Josias Leslie Porter, A handbook for travellers in Syria and Palestine: The modern inhabitants of Southern Palestine may be divided into two classes—the Bedawin, or wandering tribes who dwell in tents, and the Fellahin, who reside in villages. [...] The plain of Akka is one of the richest in Palestine —producing alike the most luxuriant crops and the rankest weeds in the country.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Stephen Olin, Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and the Holy land: European merchants could not live in the East, except under the protection of their own consuls. They never become subjects to the native rulers. If some civilized, Christian power would rescue Palestine, by treaty or force, from Mohammedan rule, and establish an enlightened, equitable, and stable government, then might it become a desirable residence for civilized men; but on no other condition could a residence there be endured by any but barbarians, content to be poor and tolerant from long habit of oppression and injustice. It fills me with surprise to see some of the best men of England labouring to promote the colonization of Jews in Palestine, and that under existing governments. The Jews are precisely the last people on earth fitted for such an enterprise, as they are a nation of traffickers, and know nothing of agriculture. Besides, the Jews of Europe and America are civilized and wealthy, and would not relish oppression and robbery, even in Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1847', 'event': 'Walter McLeod, The geography of Palestine: MODERN DIVISIONS. 8. Palestine is now divided into pashalicks, the most important of which are Akka and Damascus. The country is under the dominion of the Turks, and is governed by Mehemet Pasha, who has been recently appointed the governor-general of Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Carl Ritter, The Comparative Geography of Palestine and the Sinaitic Peninsula: CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF THE AUTHORITIES ON THE GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE. ...the lists of authorities given by Reland, Pococke, Meusel, Bellermann, Rosenmüller, Berghaus, Hammer-Purgstall, and more especially by von Raumer and Robinson. ...Others which we have from the English and the French ...John Kitto, Munk.'}, {'timestamp': '1856', 'event': 'James Redhouse, An English and Turkish dictionary: Regarded as the original and authoritative Ottoman-English dictionary, translates Holy Land as dari-filastin (House of Palestine).'}, {'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Thomas Wright (biographer), Early travels in Palestine: comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald, [and others]: Arculf, Willibald, Bernard, Sæwulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela, Sir John Mandeville, De la Brocquiere, and Maundrell.'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Salomon Munk, Palestine, Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique," in "L\'Univers Pittoresque: Under the name Palestine, we comprehend the small country formerly inhabited by the Israelites, and which is today part of Acre and Damascus pachalics. It stretched between 31 and 33° N. latitude and between 32 and 35° degrees E. longitude, an area of about 1300 lieues carrées (League (unit)#France). Some zealous writers, to give the land of the Hebrews some political importance, have exaggerated the extent of Palestine; but we have an authority for us that one can not reject. St. Jerome, who had long traveled in this country, said in his letter to Dardanus (ep. 129) that the northern boundary to that of the southern, was a distance of 160 Roman miles, which is about 55 lieues (League (unit)#France). He paid homage to the truth despite his fears, as he said himself, of availing the Promised Land to pagan mockery, "Pudet dicere latitudinem terrae repromissionis, ne ethnicis occasionem blasphemandi dedisse uideamur."'}, {'timestamp': '1844', 'event': 'J. T. Bannister, A Survey of the Holy Land...: "Tacitus compares both the climate and the soil to those of Italy, and particularly specifies the palm and balsam-trees as productions which gave the country an advantage over his own. Justin confirms the account of Tacitus, respecting the exuberant produce of Palestine, its beautiful climate, its palm and fragrant balsam-trees."'}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'David Kay (FRGS), ed. Thomas Stewart Traill, Palestine, Encyclopædia Britannica: [Palestine] ...was finally subdued in 1517 by Selim I., the sultan of the Turks, under whom it has continued for more than 300 years. ...until the memorable invasion of Egypt by the French army in 1798. Bonaparte being apprised that preparations were making in the pashalic of Acre for attacking him in Egypt, resolved, according to his usual tactics, to anticipate the movements of his enemies. He accordingly marched across the desert which divides Egypt from Palestine, and invaded the country at the head of 10,000 troops. After taking several towns, and among the rest Jaffa, where he stained his character by the atrocious massacre of 4000 prisoners. (Kay 1859)'}, {'timestamp': '1849', 'event': "William F. Lynch, Narrative of the United States' Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea: To the east of Bethlehem is the hill where the shepherds heard the annunciation of the birth of the Messiah; and in the plain below, the field where Ruth gleaned after the reapers. The country around was luxuriant with vegetation, and the yellow grain, even as we looked, was falling beneath the sickle. Variegated flint, chalk and limestone, without fossils, cropped out occasionally on the hill sides; but along the lower slopes, and in the bottom of the valley, were continuous groves, with a verdant carpet beneath them. It was the most rural and the loveliest spot we had seen in Palestine. From among many flowers we gathered a beautiful white one, free from all earthly taint, fit emblem of the purity of the infant Godhead."}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'Samuel Augustus Mitchell, map: Turkey in Asia and Geographicus – Arabia'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': 'Origen Bacheler, Restoration and Conversion of the Jews: But ever since 1832, when Mehemet Ali took possession of Syria, there has been a remarkable flocking of the Jews to Palestine. The precise number of them at present in the Holy Land is estimated to amount to about 40,000.'}, {'timestamp': '1850', 'event': 'Yehoseph Schwarz, A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine: In the year 5592 (1832), Mahmud Ali, pacha of Alexandria in Egypt, declared himself independent of the Sultan of Constantinople. His son, Abraim Pacha, moved suddenly with a large force towards Palestine, and took without almost any resistance on the part of the adherents of the Sultan, Jaffa, Jerusalem, Nablus, and Chaifa, and placed Egyptian soldiers as garrisons in the same, and appeared next before Akko, which was occupied by Abd Alla Pacha, and besieged it a long time, and took it finally by storm, carrying away the Pacha as prisoner to Egypt. He gradually now occupied all Palestine, Syria, Arabia, and Nubia.'}, {'timestamp': '1843', 'event': "Johann Friedrich Röhr, Röhr's Historico-geographical account of Palestine: Researches in Palestine: Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1799, gave new importance to Palestine. It was connected with his conquest of Egypt, and was undertaken nominally to repulse the Turkish army under Djezzar (Or the Butcher, so called by his subjects from his incredible cruelties. He died in 1808, apparently with a quiet conscience), the Pacha of St Jean d'Acre, by which he was threatened, and prevent it obstructing his intentions as to Egypt, but actually to get possession of the vast wealth of this Pacha, treasured up in Acre, and make this the foundation of other extensive projects as to the east."}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Encyclopædia Metropolitana, "Syria."'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'Henry Stafford Osborn, Palestine, past and present: with biblical, literary, and scientific notices: The medals stamped with the impress of grapes, as we have shown upon the coin of Herod, (page 486,) the figure of the palm-tree so frequently seen on other medals stamped by Vespasian and Titus, and the medal of young Agrippa holding fruits, all indicate the excellence of the country. Notwithstanding all this, Mr. Gibbon remarks, speaking of Phoenicia and Palestine (Chap. i. p. 21), "The former of these was a narrow and rocky coast; the latter was a territory scarcely superior to Wales either in fertility or extent. ...M. Guizot supposes he based his remark upon a passage in Strabo (Bk. xvi. 1104), who speaks only of the country around Jerusalem which he says was unfruitful and arid for sixty stadia (probably five or six miles;) in other places giving excellent testimony to the fertility of Palestine. He says, "About Jericho is a forest of palm-trees, and the country for a hundred stadia is full of springs and well peopled."'}, {'timestamp': '1860', 'event': 'Josias Leslie Porter, ed. Thomas Stewart Traill, Syria, Encyclopædia Britannica: The modern inhabitants of Syria and Palestine are a mixed race, made up of the descendants of the ancient Syrians who occupied the country in the early days of Christianity and of the Arabians who came in with the armies of the khalifs and settled in the cities and villages. The number of the latter being comparatively small, the mixture of blood did not visibly change the type of the ancient people. This may be seen by comparing the Christians with the Muslems. The former are undoubtedly of pure Syrian descent, while the latter are more or less mixed, and yet there is no visible distinction between the two save what dress makes. (Porter 1860)'}, {'timestamp': '1860', 'event': '36th United States Congress, The Massacres in Syria: a Faithful Account of the Cruelties and Outrages Suffered by the Christians of Mount Lebanon, During the Late Persecutions in Syria: With a Succinct History of Mahometanism and the Rise of the Maronites, Druses ... and Other Oriental Sects ...: EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN SYRIA. I. —Hermits and Pilgrims. [...] II. —Origin of Monks. The hermits and anchorets, as they were called, were held in high esteem, and thousands of pilgrims, from all parts, sought their cells to obtain the benefit of their prayers. In the fourth century, the ancient lands of Syria and Palestine were full of such "holy men," and soon after they began to form societies and live together, as brethren, under oaths and regulations. This was the origin of religious houses or convents of monks; and the beginning of that monastic system which afterward extended throughout all Christendom. (36th U.S. Congress 1860, p. 11)'}, {'timestamp': '1865', 'event': "William 'Corky' Norton, How I Got My Cork Legs, The St. James's Magazine: I was then at Malta, serving on board the [HMS] Powerful, 80-gun ship, Captain Charles Napier; ...This was in 1840 ...England, inspired by Lord Palmerston, had determined, in defiance of France, to put down the Pacha of Egypt, Mohammed Ali, and his equally miscreant son. ...I was consequently present at the bombardment of Beirût —Queen City of Palestine— at the landing, witnessed the panic-flight of the much-boasted Egyptians at the bare sight of our fellows, and was present at the fall of Acre. I never estimated very highly the glory of that Syrian campaign. What real resistance could a multitude of Egyptian soldiers offer to a well-organized British force? It signifies little to the wolves how numerous the sheep may be."}, {'timestamp': '1865', 'event': "William McClure Thomson, The land of promise: travels in modern Palestine [from The land and the Book]. : From Samaria to Nablûs is two hours' easy riding; first south, over the shoulder of the mountain, and then east ward, up the lovely vale of Nablûs. Nothing in Palestine surpasses it in fertility and natural beauty, and this is mainly due to the fine mill-stream which flows through it. The whole country is thickly studded with villages; the plains clothed with grass or grain; and the rounded hills with orchards of olive, fig, pomegranate, and other trees."}, {'timestamp': '1867', 'event': 'Titus Tobler, Bibliographica Geographica Palaestinae.'}, {'timestamp': '1871', 'event': 'John Tillotson, Palestine Its Holy Sites and Sacred Story'}, {'timestamp': '1872–1917', 'event': 'The Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem was commonly referred to at the time as "Palestine." In the 1880s the Ottoman government briefly considered to officially rename it.'}, {'timestamp': '1873', 'event': 'William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: 2: Iabadius-Zymethus: PALAESTINA (Παλαιστίνη : Eth. (Παλαιστίνόs), the most commonly received and classical name for the country, otherwise called the Land of Canaan, Judaea, the Holy Land, &c. This name has the authority of the prophet lsaiah, among the sacred writers: and was received by the earliest secular historians. Herodotus calls the Hebrews Syrians of Palestine; and states that the sea-border of Syria, inhabited, according to him by Phoenicians from the Red Sea, was called Palaestina as far as Egypt (vii. 89). He elsewhere places Syria Palaestina between Phoenice and Egypt; Tyre and Sidon in Phoenice: Ascalon, Cadytis Ienysus in Palaestina Syriae; elsewhere he places Cadytis and Azotus simply in Syria (iv. 39, iii. 5, ii. 116, 157, i. 105, iii. 5). [...] The most valuable contributions to the ancient geography of Palestine are those of Eusebius and his commentator S. Jerome in the Onomasticon, composed by the former, and translated, with important additions and corrections, by the latter who has also interspersed in his commentaries and letters numerous geographical notices of extreme value. They are not, however, of such a character as to be available under this general article, but are fully cited under the names of the towns, &c.'}, {'timestamp': '1875', 'event': 'Karl Baedeker, Palaestina und Syrien: Handbuch für Reisende: VI. Die Araber nennen Syrien, worunter sie auch Palästina (Filistin) begreifen, "esch-Schäm." Dieser Name bezeichnet eigentlich das \'links\' gelegene Land, im Gegensatz zu el-Yemen, das \'rechts\' gelegene Land, (Südarabien). Bei den Türken hört man den Namen Süristän. Die Türken theilten Syrien in fünf Gouvernements (Paschaliks): Aleppo, Tripolis, Damascus, Saida (später Akka) und Palästina. Diese Eintheilung hat aber im Laufe der Jahrhunderte viele Veränderungen erlitten. Bis vor Kurzem war Syrien nur in zwei Grossgouvernements (wiläyet) mit den Hauptstädten Damascus und Aleppo getheilt. In neuester Zeit ist Jerusalem ebenfalls Sitz eines von der Pforte direct abhängigen Centrai-Gouverneurs (wäli) geworden und zwar in Folge des Versuches, die turbulenten Stämme jenseits des Jordan auf die Dauer zu pacificiren.'}, {'timestamp': '1875', 'event': 'Isabel Burton, The Inner Life of Syria, Palestine, and the Holy Land: From My Private Journal: We rode to Dayr el Kamar, a large village in the territory of El Manásíf.'}, {'timestamp': '1876', 'event': "Thomas Cook, Cook's Tourists' Handbook for Palestine and Syria: Sir Moses Montefiore's mission has been to assist the Jews, not by indiscriminate charity, but by giving them means and scope for labour."}, {'timestamp': '1879', 'event': "Nu'man ibn 'Abdu al-Qasatli: al-Rawda al-Numaniyya in the travelogue to Palestine and some Syrian Towns."}, {'timestamp': '1880s', 'event': 'The Ottoman government issues a number of decrees to foreign governments, intended to limit Zionist immigration, land purchases and settlement.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'Henry Stafford Osborn, Palestine, past and present: with biblical, literary, and scientific notices: The medals stamped with the impress of grapes, as we have shown upon the coin of Herod, (page 486,) the figure of the palm-tree so frequently seen on other medals stamped by Vespasian and Titus, and the medal of young Agrippa holding fruits, all indicate the excellence of the country. Notwithstanding all this, Mr. Gibbon remarks, speaking of Phoenicia and Palestine (Chap. i. p. 21), "The former of these was a narrow and rocky coast; the latter was a territory scarcely superior to Wales either in fertility or extent. ...M. Guizot supposes he based his remark upon a passage in Strabo (Bk. xvi. 1104), who speaks only of the country around Jerusalem which he says was unfruitful and arid for sixty stadia (probably five or six miles;) in other places giving excellent testimony to the fertility of Palestine. He says, "About Jericho is a forest of palm-trees, and the country for a hundred stadia is full of springs and well peopled."'}]
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Timeline of the name "Palestine"
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[{'timestamp': '1889', 'event': 'Albrecht Socin (University of Tubingen), "Palestine." The Encyclopædia Britannica: "Lists based on information collected by the Turkish Government ...for the sanjak of Jerusalem (with the districts Jerusalem, Yáfá, Hebron), 276 places with about 24,000 houses (families); for the sanjak Belká (with the districts of Nábulus Jennin Ajlun and Es-Salt), 317 places and 18,984 houses; for the sanjak Akka (Acre) (with the districts Akka, Haifa, and Safed), 160 places with 11,023 houses, —making a total of 753 places with 54,237 houses."'}, {'timestamp': '1890', 'event': 'Reinhold Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palestine, from the year A.D. 333 to A.D. 1878: among the books on Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'First Zionist Congress: the Basel program sets out the goals of the Zionist movement: "Zionism aims at establishing for the Jewish people a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine".'}, {'timestamp': '1898', 'event': 'Khalil Beidas, his preface to his translation of Akim Olesnitsky\'s A Description of the Holy Land: "the people of Palestine were in need of a geography book about their country... the Palestinian peasant waits impatiently for winter to come, for the season’s rain to moisten his fossilized fields."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1900–10', 'event': 'Ottoman Governors: According to Haim Gerber "The remnants of the correspondence of the Ottoman governors with their superiors in the first decade of the twentieth century quite often relate to the Zionist question and the resistance to it among local inhabitants."'}, {'timestamp': '1900', 'event': 'J. M. Robertson, Christianity and Mythology: Long before Biblical Judaism was known, the people of Palestine shared in the universal rituals of the primeval cults of sun and moon, Nature and symbol.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'Salim Qub‘ayn and Najib Nassar, "A Palestinian describes Palestinian towns."'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'The Anglo-Palestine bank: A subsidiary of the Bank Leumi, the financial instrument of the Zionist Organization.'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'Falastin newspaper was founded in Jaffa by Palestinian Christians.'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'David George Hogarth, "Syria." Encyclopædia Britannica: "Population. —The actual population of Syria is over 3,000,000 spread over a superficial area of about 600,000 sq. m., i.e. about 51⁄2 persons to the square mile."'}, {'timestamp': '1913', 'event': 'Al-Karmil (newspaper): "We hoped that they [the Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization] would rid us of Zionist threats and dangers."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1913', 'event': 'Ruhi Khalidi, Zionism or the Zionist Question, according to Haim Gerber "It is noteworthy that whenever the name of the country appears, it is always Palestine, never southern Syria or anything else."'}, {'timestamp': '1914', 'event': 'Four days after Britain\'s declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire at a British Cabinet meeting on 9 November 1914, David Lloyd George, Chancellor of the Exchequer, "referred to the ultimate destiny of Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': '1915', 'event': 'VIII Corps (Ottoman Empire), Filastin Risalesi ("Palestine Document"), an Ottoman army country survey which formally identified Palestine as including the sanjaqs of Akka (the Galilee), the Sanjaq of Nablus, and the Sanjaq of Jerusalem (Kudus Sherif).'}, {'timestamp': '1918', 'event': 'House of Commons of the United Kingdom: Minutes: "Major Earl Winterton asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs what facilities have been given to the Palestinian and Syrian political leaders now in Egypt to visit Palestine?"'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Zionist Organization, Statement on Palestine at the Paris Peace Conference: "The boundaries of Palestine shall follow the general lines set out below: Starting on the North at a point on the Mediterranean Sea in the vicinity south of Sidon and following the watersheds of the foothills of the Lebanon as far as Jisr El-Karaon thence to El-Bire..."'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Syrian National Congress: "We ask that there be no separation of the southern part of Syria, known as Palestine, nor of the littoral western zone, which includes Lebanon, from the Syrian country."'}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': 'Franco-British boundary agreement – the framework agreement in which the borders of the Mandate of Palestine were established, being finally approved on 7 March 1923.'}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': 'Herbert Samuel during an Advisory Council meeting: "After some further discussion on the part of several members, [Samuel] said that when he had to decide the wording for the stamps, he was aware that there was no other name in the Hebrew language for this land except \'Eretz-Israel\'. At the same time he thought that if \'Eretz-Israel\' only were used, it might not be regarded by the outside world as a correct rendering of the word \'Palestine,\' and in the case of passports or certificates of nationality, it might perhaps give rise to difficulties, so it was decided to print \'Palestine\' in Hebrew letters and to add after it the letters \'Aleph\' \'Yod,\' which constitute a recognised abbreviation of the Hebrew name. [Samuel] still thought that this was a good compromise. Dr. Salem wanted to omit \'Aleph\' \'Yod\' and Mr. Yellin wanted to omit \'Palestine\'. The right solution would be to retain both."'}, {'timestamp': '1921', 'event': 'Syrian-Palestinian Congress'}, {'timestamp': '1923', 'event': 'British Mandate for Palestine is ratified'}, {'timestamp': '1926', 'event': 'Permanent Mandates Commission: "M. Palacios [Spanish representative], returning to the concrete questions of a general character of which the Arabs complained, recalled those concerning the national title, the national hymn and the flag.... As regards the first point, the Arabs claimed that it was not in conformity with Article 22 of the Mandate to print the initials and even the words "Eretz Israel" after the name "Palestine" while refusing the Arabs the title "Surial Janonbiah" ("Southern Syria"). The British Government had not accepted the use of this Arab title, but gave the place of honour to the Hebrew word used for 2,000 years and decided that the official name in Hebrew was "Palestina" followed by the initials signifying "Aleph Jod," the regular Hebrew name. Was the question still under discussion and could the accredited representative give the Commission any further information? Colonel Symes explained that the country was described as "Palestine" by Europeans and as "Falestin" by the Arabs. The Hebrew name for the country was the designation "Land of Israel," and the Government, to meet Jewish wishes, had agreed that the word "Palestine" in Hebrew characters should be followed in all official documents by the initials which stood for that designation. As a set-off to this, certain of the Arab politicians suggested that the country should be called "Southern Syria" in order to emphasise its close relation with another Arab State. "'}, {'timestamp': '1936', 'event': 'Peel Commission Report: "[Jewish nationalism] claims, for example, that, though Palestine is not an Arab word and might therefore fairly serve for Jews as well as Arabs, Eretz Israel (Land of Israel) should be also accepted as the official translation of "Palestine," and protests that the printing of the Hebrew initials "E. I." after "Palestine" on every stamp and coin is not enough."'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1913', 'event': 'Al-Karmil (newspaper): "We hoped that they [the Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization] would rid us of Zionist threats and dangers."'}, {'timestamp': '1900', 'event': 'J. M. Robertson, Christianity and Mythology: Long before Biblical Judaism was known, the people of Palestine shared in the universal rituals of the primeval cults of sun and moon, Nature and symbol.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'Salim Qub‘ayn and Najib Nassar, "A Palestinian describes Palestinian towns."'}, {'timestamp': '1889', 'event': 'Albrecht Socin (University of Tubingen), "Palestine." The Encyclopædia Britannica: "Lists based on information collected by the Turkish Government ...for the sanjak of Jerusalem (with the districts Jerusalem, Yáfá, Hebron), 276 places with about 24,000 houses (families); for the sanjak Belká (with the districts of Nábulus Jennin Ajlun and Es-Salt), 317 places and 18,984 houses; for the sanjak Akka (Acre) (with the districts Akka, Haifa, and Safed), 160 places with 11,023 houses, —making a total of 753 places with 54,237 houses."'}, {'timestamp': '1936', 'event': 'Peel Commission Report: "[Jewish nationalism] claims, for example, that, though Palestine is not an Arab word and might therefore fairly serve for Jews as well as Arabs, Eretz Israel (Land of Israel) should be also accepted as the official translation of "Palestine," and protests that the printing of the Hebrew initials "E. I." after "Palestine" on every stamp and coin is not enough."'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Syrian National Congress: "We ask that there be no separation of the southern part of Syria, known as Palestine, nor of the littoral western zone, which includes Lebanon, from the Syrian country."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1913', 'event': 'Ruhi Khalidi, Zionism or the Zionist Question, according to Haim Gerber "It is noteworthy that whenever the name of the country appears, it is always Palestine, never southern Syria or anything else."'}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': 'Franco-British boundary agreement – the framework agreement in which the borders of the Mandate of Palestine were established, being finally approved on 7 March 1923.'}, {'timestamp': '1914', 'event': 'Four days after Britain\'s declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire at a British Cabinet meeting on 9 November 1914, David Lloyd George, Chancellor of the Exchequer, "referred to the ultimate destiny of Palestine."'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'First Zionist Congress: the Basel program sets out the goals of the Zionist movement: "Zionism aims at establishing for the Jewish people a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine".'}, {'timestamp': '1923', 'event': 'British Mandate for Palestine is ratified'}, {'timestamp': '1921', 'event': 'Syrian-Palestinian Congress'}, {'timestamp': '1918', 'event': 'House of Commons of the United Kingdom: Minutes: "Major Earl Winterton asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs what facilities have been given to the Palestinian and Syrian political leaders now in Egypt to visit Palestine?"'}, {'timestamp': '1926', 'event': 'Permanent Mandates Commission: "M. Palacios [Spanish representative], returning to the concrete questions of a general character of which the Arabs complained, recalled those concerning the national title, the national hymn and the flag.... As regards the first point, the Arabs claimed that it was not in conformity with Article 22 of the Mandate to print the initials and even the words "Eretz Israel" after the name "Palestine" while refusing the Arabs the title "Surial Janonbiah" ("Southern Syria"). The British Government had not accepted the use of this Arab title, but gave the place of honour to the Hebrew word used for 2,000 years and decided that the official name in Hebrew was "Palestina" followed by the initials signifying "Aleph Jod," the regular Hebrew name. Was the question still under discussion and could the accredited representative give the Commission any further information? Colonel Symes explained that the country was described as "Palestine" by Europeans and as "Falestin" by the Arabs. The Hebrew name for the country was the designation "Land of Israel," and the Government, to meet Jewish wishes, had agreed that the word "Palestine" in Hebrew characters should be followed in all official documents by the initials which stood for that designation. As a set-off to this, certain of the Arab politicians suggested that the country should be called "Southern Syria" in order to emphasise its close relation with another Arab State. "'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'Falastin newspaper was founded in Jaffa by Palestinian Christians.'}, {'timestamp': '1890', 'event': 'Reinhold Röhricht, Bibliotheca Geographica Palestine, from the year A.D. 333 to A.D. 1878: among the books on Palestine.'}, {'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'The Anglo-Palestine bank: A subsidiary of the Bank Leumi, the financial instrument of the Zionist Organization.'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'Zionist Organization, Statement on Palestine at the Paris Peace Conference: "The boundaries of Palestine shall follow the general lines set out below: Starting on the North at a point on the Mediterranean Sea in the vicinity south of Sidon and following the watersheds of the foothills of the Lebanon as far as Jisr El-Karaon thence to El-Bire..."'}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': 'Herbert Samuel during an Advisory Council meeting: "After some further discussion on the part of several members, [Samuel] said that when he had to decide the wording for the stamps, he was aware that there was no other name in the Hebrew language for this land except \'Eretz-Israel\'. At the same time he thought that if \'Eretz-Israel\' only were used, it might not be regarded by the outside world as a correct rendering of the word \'Palestine,\' and in the case of passports or certificates of nationality, it might perhaps give rise to difficulties, so it was decided to print \'Palestine\' in Hebrew letters and to add after it the letters \'Aleph\' \'Yod,\' which constitute a recognised abbreviation of the Hebrew name. [Samuel] still thought that this was a good compromise. Dr. Salem wanted to omit \'Aleph\' \'Yod\' and Mr. Yellin wanted to omit \'Palestine\'. The right solution would be to retain both."'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1900–10', 'event': 'Ottoman Governors: According to Haim Gerber "The remnants of the correspondence of the Ottoman governors with their superiors in the first decade of the twentieth century quite often relate to the Zionist question and the resistance to it among local inhabitants."'}, {'timestamp': '1898', 'event': 'Khalil Beidas, his preface to his translation of Akim Olesnitsky\'s A Description of the Holy Land: "the people of Palestine were in need of a geography book about their country... the Palestinian peasant waits impatiently for winter to come, for the season’s rain to moisten his fossilized fields."'}, {'timestamp': '1911', 'event': 'David George Hogarth, "Syria." Encyclopædia Britannica: "Population. —The actual population of Syria is over 3,000,000 spread over a superficial area of about 600,000 sq. m., i.e. about 51⁄2 persons to the square mile."'}, {'timestamp': '1915', 'event': 'VIII Corps (Ottoman Empire), Filastin Risalesi ("Palestine Document"), an Ottoman army country survey which formally identified Palestine as including the sanjaqs of Akka (the Galilee), the Sanjaq of Nablus, and the Sanjaq of Jerusalem (Kudus Sherif).'}]
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Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (October 2020)
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[{'timestamp': '10-01-2020', 'event': 'At least 86 people were arrested for alleged unlawful assembly during National Day protests.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2020', 'event': 'A campaign titled "Resist China" called upon all citizens to speak up against the oppression, threats, and invasion caused by Communist China in Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Taiwan on Communist China\'s national day.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2020', 'event': "Hundreds of protesters showed support for Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement, along with support for persecuted ethnic groups in China, on the streets of Shinjuku."}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2020', 'event': "On behalf of German pro-protest lobbying group Wir für Hongkong, Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Glacier Kwong now studying in Germany, and German journalist, pro-democracy activist and sinologist David Missal, who was expelled from China in 2018 while studying at Qinghua University, started an online petition seeking 50,000 international signatures to add China onto the German parliament's meeting agenda."}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2020', 'event': 'The Motley Fool is a subscription-based private investment analysis company that opened its Hong Kong office about two years ago. Their Hong Kong lead analyst announced that the company would move out of Hong Kong citing "uncertainties" by the national security law and the worsening US-China relationship.'}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2020', 'event': "Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail reported that the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada accepted a Hong Kong couple's application seeking asylum as refugees."}, {'timestamp': '10-06-2020', 'event': 'A Hong Kong primary school teacher was fired over a worksheet he designed that asked students to think about the meaning of free speech in relations to freedom of expression.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2020', 'event': 'Israel cellphone data extraction company Cellebrite stated in an October 7 press release that while the company "empowers law enforcement agencies and enterprises to make our communities safer by providing solutions that help lawfully acquire digital evidence in criminal investigations and civil proceedings," it will stop its service with Hong Kong Police and Chinese authorities.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2020', 'event': 'Hong Kong police arrested nine individuals for their alleged assistance to the attempted escape of twelve Hongkongers to Taiwan.'}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2020', 'event': 'AFP News journalist Anthony Wallace won this year\'s Bayeux Calvados\' Public\'s Choice Award for his work series titled "Hong Kong: A Popular Revolt" (Hong Kong, une révolte populaire) capturing scenes of the months-long Hong Kong pro-democracy protests.'}, {'timestamp': '09-13-2019', 'event': "thousands of Hong Kong citizens celebrated mid-autumn festival by lighting up their cellphones along the symbolic Lion Rock trail with a 'Free HK' neon-light sign at the summit."}, {'timestamp': '10-10-2019', 'event': "US State department over Twitter criticized Hong Kong authorities' arrest of the nine individuals on 10 August, calling for Hong Kong government to 'work to secure the return of due process rights, not make new arrests'."}, {'timestamp': '10-12-2019', 'event': 'Italian pro-democracy political group Radicali Italiani has organized a 12-day event throughout Italy to bring awareness of the 12 Hong Kong residents captured by Chinese coastguards for over 50 days and incommunicado.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-2019', 'event': "Hong Kong pro-democracy protesters were awarded this year's International Republic Institute (IRI)'s John S. McCain Freedom Award."}, {'timestamp': '10-14-2019', 'event': 'Over 100 academics from over 16 countries signed an online joint statement to increase international political pressure on China regarding the national security law.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2020', 'event': "Executive Order 13936 of the United States came into effect, which sanctioned 10 China and Hong Kong officials 'whose actions have undermined freedoms of assembly, speech, press, or the rule of law, or whose actions have reduced the high degree of autonomy of Hong Kong'."}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2020', 'event': 'Sauli Niinistö, President of Finland, formally approved the suspension of the extradition agreement between Finland and Hong Kong.'}, {'timestamp': '10-21-2020', 'event': "In a meeting with German Consul General Dieter Lamlé, Chief Secretary Matthew Cheung and Secretary for Security John Lee expressed their 'stern opposition' to Germany having granted a three-year refuge status to an unidentified CUHK female student on 14 October."}, {'timestamp': '10-22-2020', 'event': 'The British government announced that the new immigration route for British National (Overseas) citizens from Hong Kong would be open for applications on 31 January 2021.'}, {'timestamp': '10-23-2020', 'event': 'Ireland suspends its extradition treaty with Hong Kong explicitly due to the enactment of the Hong Kong national security law by Beijing.'}, {'timestamp': '10-27-2020', 'event': 'Student activist Tony Chung was arrested by the Hong Kong police national security unit outside the U.S. Consulate General in Hong Kong.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '10-01-2020', 'event': 'At least 86 people were arrested for alleged unlawful assembly during National Day protests.'}]
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Timeline of the 2011–2012 Syrian uprising
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[{'timestamp': '03-15-2011', 'event': "The Syrian 'Day of Rage' protests were gathered on 15 March 2011."}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2012', 'event': 'On 15 July 2012 the Red Cross declared the situation to be a civil war.'}, {'timestamp': '10-2019', 'event': 'In October 2019, Kurdish leaders of Rojava, a region within Syria, announced they had reached a major deal with the government of Syria under Assad.'}, {'timestamp': '2022', 'event': 'In 2022, the leader of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Mazloum Abdi, said that Kurdish forces were willing to work with Syrian government forces to defend against Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2022', 'event': 'In July 2022, the SDF and the official Syrian military forged active plans to coordinate actively together to create defense plans to guard against invasion by Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'As of 2023, the civil war had largely subsided, mainly achieving a stalemate.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'In early 2023, reports indicated that the forces of ISIS in Syria had mostly been defeated, with only a few cells remaining in various remote locations.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'In 2023, various sources reported that the war had settled into the status of a low-level conflict, which had mainly achieved a stalemate.'}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2011', 'event': 'On 1 July 2011, 100,000 people protested against the government across Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29-2011', 'event': 'The beginning of organized insurgency is typically marked by the formation of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) on 29 July 2011.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2013', 'event': 'FSA forces took control of most of the southern city of Nawa after seizing up to 40 army posts stationed in the city.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2013', 'event': 'Kurdish YPG forces secured control of the northern town of Ras al-Ain, after days of fighting with the al-Nusra Front.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2013', 'event': 'FSA fighters seized control of the western Aleppo suburb of Khan al-Asal.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2013', 'event': 'After weeks of fighting and bombardment in Homs, the Syrian Army captured the historic Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29-2013', 'event': 'Two days later, captured the district of Khaldiyeh.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2013', 'event': "Around 10 rebel brigades launched a large-scale offensive on the Ba'athist government stronghold of Latakia Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2013', 'event': 'Rebels captured Menagh Military Airbase after a 10-month siege.'}, {'timestamp': '08-21-2013', 'event': 'A chemical attack took place in the Ghouta region of the Damascus countryside, leading to thousands of casualties and several hundred dead in the opposition-held stronghold.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2013', 'event': 'Rebels captured the town of Ariha.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-2013', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces recaptured Ariha."}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2013', 'event': "Rebel forces took over the town of Khanasir in Aleppo Governorate which was the Ba'athist government's last supply route for the city of Aleppo."}, {'timestamp': '09-08-2013', 'event': 'Rebels led by the al-Nusra Front captured the Christian town of Maaloula, 43 km north of Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-2013', 'event': 'The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) overran the FSA-held town of Azaz in the north.'}, {'timestamp': '09-20-2013', 'event': 'Alawite militias including the NDF killed 15 civilians in the Sunni village of Shaykh al-Hadid in Hama Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2013', 'event': 'Rebels seized the Ramtha border post in Daraa Governorate on the Syria Jordan crossing after fighting which left 26 soldiers dead along with 7 foreign rebel fighters.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2013', 'event': "AFP reported that Syria's army re-took the town of Khanasir."}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army managed to reopen the supply route between Aleppo and Khanasir.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2013', 'event': 'Rebels seized the Hajanar guard post on the Jordanian border after a month of fierce fighting.'}, {'timestamp': '10-14-2013', 'event': "SOHR reported that rebels captured the Resefa and Sinaa districts of Deir ez-Zor city, as well as Deir ez-Zor's military hospital."}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2013', 'event': 'AFP reported that Syrian troops recaptured the town of Bweida, south of Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2013', 'event': "The Syrian Ba'athist government's head of Military Intelligence in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Jameh Jameh, was assassinated by rebels in Deir ez-Zor city."}, {'timestamp': '10-24-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army retook control of the town of Hatetat al-Turkman, located southeast of Damascus, along the Damascus International Airport road.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-2013', 'event': 'Kurdish rebel fighters seized control of the strategic Yarubiya border crossing between Syria and Iraq from al-Nusra in Al Hasakah Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '11-01-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army retook control of the key city of Al-Safira.'}, {'timestamp': '11-02-2013', 'event': 'The next day, the Syrian Army and its allies recaptured the village of Aziziyeh on the northern outskirts of Al-Safira.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10-2013', 'event': "The Syrian Army had taken full control of 'Base 80', near Aleppo's airport."}, {'timestamp': '11-13-2013', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces captured most of Hejeira."}, {'timestamp': '11-15-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army retook control of the city of Tell Hassel near Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '11-18-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian troops stormed the town of Babbila.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19-2013', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces took full control of Qara."}, {'timestamp': '11-23-2013', 'event': "Al-Nusra Front and other Islamist rebels captured the al-Omar oil field, Syria's largest oil field, in Deir al-Zor Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '11-24-2013', 'event': "Rebels captured the towns of Bahariya, Qasimiya, Abbadah, and Deir Salman in Damascus's countryside."}, {'timestamp': '11-28-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army recaptured Deir Attiyeh.'}, {'timestamp': '12-02-2013', 'event': "Rebels led by the Free Syrian Army recaptured the historic Christian town of Ma'loula."}, {'timestamp': '12-09-2013', 'event': 'The Army took full control of Nabek, with fighting continuing in its outskirts.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-2013', 'event': 'Tension between moderate rebel forces and ISIL had been high since ISIL captured the border town of Azaz from FSA forces.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2013', 'event': 'Conflict was renewed over Azaz in early October.'}, {'timestamp': '11-01-2013', 'event': 'In late November ISIL captured the border town of Atme from an FSA brigade.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2014', 'event': 'The Army of the Mujahideen, the Free Syrian Army and the Islamic Front launched an offensive against ISIL in Aleppo and Idlib governorates.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2014', 'event': "Opposition rebels managed to expel ISIL forces from the city of Raqqa, ISIL's largest stronghold and capital of the Raqqa Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2014', 'event': 'Opposition rebels expelled most ISIL forces from the city of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2014', 'event': 'Turkish aircraft near the border fired on an ISIL convoy inside the Aleppo province of Syria, killing 11 ISIL fighters and an ISIL emir.'}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2014', 'event': 'By mid-February, the al-Nusra Front joined the battle in support of rebel forces, and expelled ISIL from the Deir Ezzor Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2014', 'event': 'By March, the ISIL forces fully retreated from the Idlib Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of Sahel in the Qalamoun region.'}, {'timestamp': '03-08-2014', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces took over Zara, in Homs Governorate, further blocking rebel supply routes from Lebanon."}, {'timestamp': '03-11-2014', 'event': "Ba'athist Government forces and Hezbollah took control of the Rima Farms region, directly facing Yabrud."}, {'timestamp': '03-16-2014', 'event': "Hezbollah and Ba'athist government forces captured Yabrud, after Free Syrian Army fighters made an unexpected withdrawal."}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2014', 'event': 'Israel used artillery against a Syrian Army base, after four of its soldiers had been wounded by a roadside bomb while patrolling Golan Heights.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army captured Ras al-Ain near Yabrud, after two days of fighting and al-Husn in Homs Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of the Krak des Chevaliers in al-Husn.'}, {'timestamp': '03-22-2014', 'event': 'Rebels took control of the Kesab border post in the Latakia Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2014', 'event': 'Syrian Army took control of the villages of Flitah and Ras Maara near the border with Lebanon.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2014', 'event': 'Rebels captured the town of Babulin, Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '04-09-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of Rankous in the Qalamoun region.'}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2014', 'event': "Rebels in Aleppo stormed the Ba'athist government-held Ramouseh industrial district in an attempt to cut the Army supply route."}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of Al-Zabadani.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2014', 'event': 'The FSA announced they had begun an offensive against ISIL in the Raqqa Governorate.'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '10-14-2013', 'event': "SOHR reported that rebels captured the Resefa and Sinaa districts of Deir ez-Zor city, as well as Deir ez-Zor's military hospital."}, {'timestamp': '04-09-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of Rankous in the Qalamoun region.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of the Krak des Chevaliers in al-Husn.'}, {'timestamp': '03-11-2014', 'event': "Ba'athist Government forces and Hezbollah took control of the Rima Farms region, directly facing Yabrud."}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2014', 'event': "Opposition rebels managed to expel ISIL forces from the city of Raqqa, ISIL's largest stronghold and capital of the Raqqa Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '09-20-2013', 'event': 'Alawite militias including the NDF killed 15 civilians in the Sunni village of Shaykh al-Hadid in Hama Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '09-03-2013', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces recaptured Ariha."}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2014', 'event': "Rebels in Aleppo stormed the Ba'athist government-held Ramouseh industrial district in an attempt to cut the Army supply route."}, {'timestamp': '03-22-2014', 'event': 'Rebels took control of the Kesab border post in the Latakia Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '10-16-2013', 'event': 'AFP reported that Syrian troops recaptured the town of Bweida, south of Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '10-01-2013', 'event': 'Conflict was renewed over Azaz in early October.'}, {'timestamp': '11-18-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian troops stormed the town of Babbila.'}, {'timestamp': '11-02-2013', 'event': 'The next day, the Syrian Army and its allies recaptured the village of Aziziyeh on the northern outskirts of Al-Safira.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2013', 'event': 'Rebels seized the Hajanar guard post on the Jordanian border after a month of fierce fighting.'}, {'timestamp': '01-08-2014', 'event': 'Opposition rebels expelled most ISIL forces from the city of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09-2013', 'event': 'The Army took full control of Nabek, with fighting continuing in its outskirts.'}, {'timestamp': '10-24-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army retook control of the town of Hatetat al-Turkman, located southeast of Damascus, along the Damascus International Airport road.'}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2013', 'event': "The Syrian Ba'athist government's head of Military Intelligence in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Jameh Jameh, was assassinated by rebels in Deir ez-Zor city."}, {'timestamp': '01-03-2014', 'event': 'The Army of the Mujahideen, the Free Syrian Army and the Islamic Front launched an offensive against ISIL in Aleppo and Idlib governorates.'}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2014', 'event': 'The FSA announced they had begun an offensive against ISIL in the Raqqa Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-01-2014', 'event': 'By March, the ISIL forces fully retreated from the Idlib Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'In 2023, various sources reported that the war had settled into the status of a low-level conflict, which had mainly achieved a stalemate.'}, {'timestamp': '07-15-2012', 'event': 'On 15 July 2012 the Red Cross declared the situation to be a civil war.'}, {'timestamp': '09-18-2013', 'event': 'The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) overran the FSA-held town of Azaz in the north.'}, {'timestamp': '11-28-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army recaptured Deir Attiyeh.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2022', 'event': 'In July 2022, the SDF and the official Syrian military forged active plans to coordinate actively together to create defense plans to guard against invasion by Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '08-26-2013', 'event': "Rebel forces took over the town of Khanasir in Aleppo Governorate which was the Ba'athist government's last supply route for the city of Aleppo."}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2011', 'event': 'On 1 July 2011, 100,000 people protested against the government across Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '11-24-2013', 'event': "Rebels captured the towns of Bahariya, Qasimiya, Abbadah, and Deir Salman in Damascus's countryside."}, {'timestamp': '11-01-2013', 'event': 'In late November ISIL captured the border town of Atme from an FSA brigade.'}, {'timestamp': '03-18-2014', 'event': 'Israel used artillery against a Syrian Army base, after four of its soldiers had been wounded by a roadside bomb while patrolling Golan Heights.'}, {'timestamp': '11-15-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army retook control of the city of Tell Hassel near Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '11-23-2013', 'event': "Al-Nusra Front and other Islamist rebels captured the al-Omar oil field, Syria's largest oil field, in Deir al-Zor Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '11-01-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army retook control of the key city of Al-Safira.'}, {'timestamp': '08-04-2013', 'event': "Around 10 rebel brigades launched a large-scale offensive on the Ba'athist government stronghold of Latakia Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '09-18-2013', 'event': 'Tension between moderate rebel forces and ISIL had been high since ISIL captured the border town of Azaz from FSA forces.'}, {'timestamp': '01-29-2014', 'event': 'Turkish aircraft near the border fired on an ISIL convoy inside the Aleppo province of Syria, killing 11 ISIL fighters and an ISIL emir.'}, {'timestamp': '10-2019', 'event': 'In October 2019, Kurdish leaders of Rojava, a region within Syria, announced they had reached a major deal with the government of Syria under Assad.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29-2013', 'event': 'Two days later, captured the district of Khaldiyeh.'}, {'timestamp': '11-19-2013', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces took full control of Qara."}, {'timestamp': '12-02-2013', 'event': "Rebels led by the Free Syrian Army recaptured the historic Christian town of Ma'loula."}, {'timestamp': '2022', 'event': 'In 2022, the leader of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Mazloum Abdi, said that Kurdish forces were willing to work with Syrian government forces to defend against Turkey.'}, {'timestamp': '03-15-2011', 'event': "The Syrian 'Day of Rage' protests were gathered on 15 March 2011."}, {'timestamp': '09-08-2013', 'event': 'Rebels led by the al-Nusra Front captured the Christian town of Maaloula, 43 km north of Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '11-10-2013', 'event': "The Syrian Army had taken full control of 'Base 80', near Aleppo's airport."}, {'timestamp': '04-26-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of Al-Zabadani.'}, {'timestamp': '07-29-2011', 'event': 'The beginning of organized insurgency is typically marked by the formation of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) on 29 July 2011.'}, {'timestamp': '10-03-2013', 'event': "AFP reported that Syria's army re-took the town of Khanasir."}, {'timestamp': '02-01-2014', 'event': 'By mid-February, the al-Nusra Front joined the battle in support of rebel forces, and expelled ISIL from the Deir Ezzor Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2013', 'event': 'FSA forces took control of most of the southern city of Nawa after seizing up to 40 army posts stationed in the city.'}, {'timestamp': '03-08-2014', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces took over Zara, in Homs Governorate, further blocking rebel supply routes from Lebanon."}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2013', 'event': 'The Syrian Army managed to reopen the supply route between Aleppo and Khanasir.'}, {'timestamp': '04-04-2014', 'event': 'Rebels captured the town of Babulin, Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'In early 2023, reports indicated that the forces of ISIS in Syria had mostly been defeated, with only a few cells remaining in various remote locations.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'As of 2023, the civil war had largely subsided, mainly achieving a stalemate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-04-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army took control of Sahel in the Qalamoun region.'}, {'timestamp': '07-22-2013', 'event': 'FSA fighters seized control of the western Aleppo suburb of Khan al-Asal.'}, {'timestamp': '09-28-2013', 'event': 'Rebels seized the Ramtha border post in Daraa Governorate on the Syria Jordan crossing after fighting which left 26 soldiers dead along with 7 foreign rebel fighters.'}, {'timestamp': '03-19-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army captured Ras al-Ain near Yabrud, after two days of fighting and al-Husn in Homs Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-2013', 'event': 'Kurdish rebel fighters seized control of the strategic Yarubiya border crossing between Syria and Iraq from al-Nusra in Al Hasakah Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '03-16-2014', 'event': "Hezbollah and Ba'athist government forces captured Yabrud, after Free Syrian Army fighters made an unexpected withdrawal."}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2013', 'event': 'Rebels captured the town of Ariha.'}, {'timestamp': '08-06-2013', 'event': 'Rebels captured Menagh Military Airbase after a 10-month siege.'}, {'timestamp': '03-29-2014', 'event': 'Syrian Army took control of the villages of Flitah and Ras Maara near the border with Lebanon.'}, {'timestamp': '07-27-2013', 'event': 'After weeks of fighting and bombardment in Homs, the Syrian Army captured the historic Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque.'}, {'timestamp': '07-18-2013', 'event': 'Kurdish YPG forces secured control of the northern town of Ras al-Ain, after days of fighting with the al-Nusra Front.'}, {'timestamp': '11-13-2013', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces captured most of Hejeira."}, {'timestamp': '08-21-2013', 'event': 'A chemical attack took place in the Ghouta region of the Damascus countryside, leading to thousands of casualties and several hundred dead in the opposition-held stronghold.'}]
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Timeline of the 2011–2012 Syrian uprising
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[{'timestamp': '04-29-2014', 'event': 'Activists said that the Syrian Army captured Tal Buraq near the town of Mashara in Quneitra without any clashes.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2014', 'event': 'A truce went into effect in the city of Homs, SOHR reported.'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-2014', 'event': "The head of Syria's Air Defense, General Hussein Ishaq, died of wounds sustained during a rebel attack on an air defense base near Mleiha the previous day."}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2014', 'event': "Syria held a presidential election in Ba'athist government-held areas."}, {'timestamp': '06-05-2014', 'event': 'ISIL seized swathes of territory in Iraq in addition to heavy weapons and equipment from the Iraqi Army.'}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2014', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces retook the town of Kessab in northern Latakia Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2014', 'event': "ISIL took control of the Shaar oil field, killing 90 pro-Ba'athist government forces while losing 21 fighters."}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army secured the field, although fighting continued in its outskirts.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2014', 'event': 'The Islamic State took control of the Division 17 base near Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2014', 'event': 'ISIL took the Brigade 93 base in Raqqa using weapons captured from their offensive in Iraq.'}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2014', 'event': 'ISIL forces took the towns of Akhtarin and Turkmanbareh from rebels in Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-2015', 'event': "The Ba'athist government of Syria announced that US-led coalition warplanes had fired nine missiles at its army camp near Ayyash, Deir al-Zour province, on the evening prior, killing three soldiers and wounding 13 others; three armoured vehicles, four military vehicles, heavy machine-guns and an arms and ammunition depot were also destroyed."}, {'timestamp': '12-14-2015', 'event': "Russia's government news media reported that the Syrian Ba'athist government forces retook a Marj al-Sultan military airbase east of Damascus that had been held by Jaysh al-Islam."}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2015', 'event': "The UN resolution 2254 endorsed the ISSG's transitional plan but did not clarify who would represent the Syrian opposition, while condemning terrorist groups like ISIL and al-Qaeda; it made no mention of the future role of Syrian President Bashar Assad."}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2016', 'event': "The Syria Ba'athist government announced that its army and allied forces had established 'full control' of the strategically situated town of Salma, a predominantly Sunni village in the mostly Alawite northwestern province of Latakia, and continued to advance north."}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2016', 'event': "ISIL militants launched raid on Ba'athist government-held areas in the city of Deir ez-Zor and killed up to 300 people."}, {'timestamp': '01-21-2016', 'event': "Russia's activity presumably aimed at setting up a new base in the Ba'athist government-controlled Kamishly Airport was first reported."}, {'timestamp': '01-24-2016', 'event': "The Syrian Ba'athist government announced its forces, carrying on with their Latakia offensive, had seized the predominantly Sunni-populated town of Rabia, the last major town held by rebels in western Latakia province."}, {'timestamp': '01-26-2016', 'event': "The Syrian Ba'athist government established 'full control' over the town of Al-Shaykh Maskin in the Daraa Governorate, thus completing the operation that had begun in late December 2015."}, {'timestamp': '02-26-2016', 'event': "The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2268 that endorsed a previously brokered U.S.-Russian deal on a 'cessation of hostilities'."}, {'timestamp': '02-27-2016', 'event': 'The cease-fire started at 00:00 (Damascus time).'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2016', 'event': 'The Syrian Democratic Forces fully captured the northern city of Manbij from ISIL and some days later announced a new offensive towards Al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '08-24-2016', 'event': "Turkey's armed forces invaded Syria in the Jarabulus area controlled by ISIL starting what the Turkish president called the Operation Euphrates Shield."}, {'timestamp': '09-12-2016', 'event': 'A U.S.-Russian brokered cease-fire came into effect.'}, {'timestamp': '09-19-2016', 'event': 'The Syrian Army declared that it would no longer observe the truce.'}, {'timestamp': '09-22-2016', 'event': 'The Syrian army declared a new offensive in Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '12-14-2016', 'event': "The final rebel stronghold in Aleppo was recaptured by the Syrian Ba'athist government, followed by a ceasefire agreement."}, {'timestamp': '03-2015', 'event': "The Syrian Information Minister announced that his government considered recognizing Kurdish autonomy 'within the law and constitution'."}, {'timestamp': '10-2016', 'event': 'There were reports of a Russian initiative for federalization with a focus on northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '10-26-2016', 'event': 'US Defense Secretary Ash Carter said that an offensive to retake Raqqa from ISIL would begin within weeks.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2016', 'event': "Syrian Ba'athist government forces completely recaptured all of rebel-held parts of Aleppo, ending the 4-year battle in the city."}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2016', 'event': "Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a new ceasefire deal had been reached between the Syrian Ba'athist Government and opposition groups."}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2017', 'event': "Rebel groups said that they would disengage from planned talks after alleged ceasefire violations by Ba'athist Government forces in the Wadi Barada valley near Damascus."}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2017', 'event': 'The ceasefire between Assad forces and rebels collapsed throughout the country, leading to fresh clashes in various locations and a fresh rebel offensive in Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '01-23-2017', 'event': 'A new peace conference in Geneva was held on 23 February, the same day as Turkish forces captured Al-Bab from ISIL north-east of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '03-17-2017', 'event': 'Syrian military fired S-200 missiles at Israeli jets over Golan Heights.'}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2017', 'event': 'The U.N. Commission of Inquiry on Syria reported that on 20 March up to 150 civilians were killed near a school in Raqqa by U.S.-led coalition air strikes.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-2017', 'event': "Ba'athist Government forces entered Dayr Hafir, the last stronghold held by ISIL in East Aleppo, and secured it."}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2017', 'event': 'An agreement was reportedly brokered by Qatar and Iran for the evacuation for four besieged towns in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2017', 'event': "The American attack, taking place on 7 April 2017, was the first officially announced deliberate attack on Syrian Ba'athist government forces."}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2017', 'event': "The agreement to exchange the inhabitants of the rebel-held towns of Zabadani and Madaya with the inhabitants of the pro-Ba'athist government towns of Al-Fu'ah and Kafraya began to be implemented."}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2017', 'event': "A convoy of buses carrying evacuees from Al-Fu'ah and Kafriya was attacked by a suicide bomber in Aleppo, killing more than 126 people."}, {'timestamp': '04-24-2017', 'event': 'The Turkish Air Force conducted several airstrikes on YPG and YPJ positions near al-Malikiyah.'}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2017', 'event': "Russia, Iran, and Turkey signed an agreement in Astana to create four 'de-escalation zones' in Syria."}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2017', 'event': 'The ceasefire came into effect on 6 May.'}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2017', 'event': 'The U.S., Russia, and Jordan agreed to a ceasefire in part of southwestern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-19-2017', 'event': "It was reported that the U.S. had decided to halt the CIA program to equip and train anti-Ba'athist government rebel groups."}, {'timestamp': '09-05-2017', 'event': "The Ba'athist government's Central Syria offensive culminated in the breaking of the three-year ISIL siege of Deir ez-Zor."}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2017', 'event': 'The Kurdish-dominated SDF announced they had established full control of the city of Raqqa in northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '11-2017', 'event': "By mid-November the Ba'athist government forces and allied militia established full control over Deir ez-Zor and captured the town of Abu Kamal in eastern Syria."}, {'timestamp': '12-06-2017', 'event': "Russia declared Syria to have been 'completely liberated' from ISIL."}, {'timestamp': '12-11-2017', 'event': 'President Putin visited the Russian base in Syria, where he announced that he had ordered the partial withdrawal of the forces deployed to Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2017', 'event': "Russian defence minister Sergey Shoigu said that Russia had set about 'forming a permanent grouping' at its naval facility at Tartus and Hmeymim airbase."}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2018', 'event': "the Turkish military began a cross-border operation in the Kurdish-majority Afrin Canton and the Tel Rifaat Area of Shahba Canton in Northern Syria, against the Kurdish-led Democratic Union Party in Syria (PYD), its armed wing People's Protection Units (YPG), and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) positions."}, {'timestamp': '01-2018', 'event': 'the Syrian Army and its allies continued to advance against the forces of Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and other rebels in the Hama Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '02-10-2018', 'event': 'the Syrian Air Defense Force shot down an Israeli F-16 fighter jet in response to an Israeli cross-border raid on Iranian targets near Damascus through Lebanese airspace.'}, {'timestamp': '02-21-2018', 'event': "the Ba'athist government began an operation to capture rebel-held Ghouta east of Damascus; the operation started with an intensive air campaign."}]
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[{'timestamp': '08-24-2016', 'event': "Turkey's armed forces invaded Syria in the Jarabulus area controlled by ISIL starting what the Turkish president called the Operation Euphrates Shield."}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2017', 'event': 'The ceasefire came into effect on 6 May.'}, {'timestamp': '07-25-2014', 'event': 'The Islamic State took control of the Division 17 base near Raqqa.'}, {'timestamp': '12-18-2015', 'event': "The UN resolution 2254 endorsed the ISSG's transitional plan but did not clarify who would represent the Syrian opposition, while condemning terrorist groups like ISIL and al-Qaeda; it made no mention of the future role of Syrian President Bashar Assad."}, {'timestamp': '01-02-2017', 'event': "Rebel groups said that they would disengage from planned talks after alleged ceasefire violations by Ba'athist Government forces in the Wadi Barada valley near Damascus."}, {'timestamp': '03-17-2017', 'event': 'Syrian military fired S-200 missiles at Israeli jets over Golan Heights.'}, {'timestamp': '10-2016', 'event': 'There were reports of a Russian initiative for federalization with a focus on northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '03-28-2017', 'event': 'An agreement was reportedly brokered by Qatar and Iran for the evacuation for four besieged towns in Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '09-22-2016', 'event': 'The Syrian army declared a new offensive in Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2014', 'event': 'ISIL took the Brigade 93 base in Raqqa using weapons captured from their offensive in Iraq.'}, {'timestamp': '01-20-2018', 'event': "the Turkish military began a cross-border operation in the Kurdish-majority Afrin Canton and the Tel Rifaat Area of Shahba Canton in Northern Syria, against the Kurdish-led Democratic Union Party in Syria (PYD), its armed wing People's Protection Units (YPG), and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) positions."}, {'timestamp': '05-04-2017', 'event': "Russia, Iran, and Turkey signed an agreement in Astana to create four 'de-escalation zones' in Syria."}, {'timestamp': '07-17-2014', 'event': "ISIL took control of the Shaar oil field, killing 90 pro-Ba'athist government forces while losing 21 fighters."}, {'timestamp': '10-17-2017', 'event': 'The Kurdish-dominated SDF announced they had established full control of the city of Raqqa in northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '12-06-2017', 'event': "Russia declared Syria to have been 'completely liberated' from ISIL."}, {'timestamp': '01-14-2017', 'event': 'The ceasefire between Assad forces and rebels collapsed throughout the country, leading to fresh clashes in various locations and a fresh rebel offensive in Daraa.'}, {'timestamp': '09-19-2016', 'event': 'The Syrian Army declared that it would no longer observe the truce.'}, {'timestamp': '09-05-2017', 'event': "The Ba'athist government's Central Syria offensive culminated in the breaking of the three-year ISIL siege of Deir ez-Zor."}, {'timestamp': '12-2016', 'event': "Syrian Ba'athist government forces completely recaptured all of rebel-held parts of Aleppo, ending the 4-year battle in the city."}, {'timestamp': '02-10-2018', 'event': 'the Syrian Air Defense Force shot down an Israeli F-16 fighter jet in response to an Israeli cross-border raid on Iranian targets near Damascus through Lebanese airspace.'}, {'timestamp': '12-07-2015', 'event': "The Ba'athist government of Syria announced that US-led coalition warplanes had fired nine missiles at its army camp near Ayyash, Deir al-Zour province, on the evening prior, killing three soldiers and wounding 13 others; three armoured vehicles, four military vehicles, heavy machine-guns and an arms and ammunition depot were also destroyed."}, {'timestamp': '07-19-2017', 'event': "It was reported that the U.S. had decided to halt the CIA program to equip and train anti-Ba'athist government rebel groups."}, {'timestamp': '12-29-2016', 'event': "Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a new ceasefire deal had been reached between the Syrian Ba'athist Government and opposition groups."}, {'timestamp': '02-26-2016', 'event': "The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2268 that endorsed a previously brokered U.S.-Russian deal on a 'cessation of hostilities'."}, {'timestamp': '07-07-2017', 'event': 'The U.S., Russia, and Jordan agreed to a ceasefire in part of southwestern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-12-2016', 'event': "The Syria Ba'athist government announced that its army and allied forces had established 'full control' of the strategically situated town of Salma, a predominantly Sunni village in the mostly Alawite northwestern province of Latakia, and continued to advance north."}, {'timestamp': '12-14-2015', 'event': "Russia's government news media reported that the Syrian Ba'athist government forces retook a Marj al-Sultan military airbase east of Damascus that had been held by Jaysh al-Islam."}, {'timestamp': '06-05-2014', 'event': 'ISIL seized swathes of territory in Iraq in addition to heavy weapons and equipment from the Iraqi Army.'}, {'timestamp': '04-29-2014', 'event': 'Activists said that the Syrian Army captured Tal Buraq near the town of Mashara in Quneitra without any clashes.'}, {'timestamp': '05-18-2014', 'event': "The head of Syria's Air Defense, General Hussein Ishaq, died of wounds sustained during a rebel attack on an air defense base near Mleiha the previous day."}, {'timestamp': '04-12-2017', 'event': "The agreement to exchange the inhabitants of the rebel-held towns of Zabadani and Madaya with the inhabitants of the pro-Ba'athist government towns of Al-Fu'ah and Kafraya began to be implemented."}, {'timestamp': '04-15-2017', 'event': "A convoy of buses carrying evacuees from Al-Fu'ah and Kafriya was attacked by a suicide bomber in Aleppo, killing more than 126 people."}, {'timestamp': '11-2017', 'event': "By mid-November the Ba'athist government forces and allied militia established full control over Deir ez-Zor and captured the town of Abu Kamal in eastern Syria."}, {'timestamp': '10-26-2016', 'event': 'US Defense Secretary Ash Carter said that an offensive to retake Raqqa from ISIL would begin within weeks.'}, {'timestamp': '04-24-2017', 'event': 'The Turkish Air Force conducted several airstrikes on YPG and YPJ positions near al-Malikiyah.'}, {'timestamp': '05-07-2014', 'event': 'A truce went into effect in the city of Homs, SOHR reported.'}, {'timestamp': '12-11-2017', 'event': 'President Putin visited the Russian base in Syria, where he announced that he had ordered the partial withdrawal of the forces deployed to Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '01-21-2016', 'event': "Russia's activity presumably aimed at setting up a new base in the Ba'athist government-controlled Kamishly Airport was first reported."}, {'timestamp': '08-13-2014', 'event': 'ISIL forces took the towns of Akhtarin and Turkmanbareh from rebels in Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '12-26-2017', 'event': "Russian defence minister Sergey Shoigu said that Russia had set about 'forming a permanent grouping' at its naval facility at Tartus and Hmeymim airbase."}, {'timestamp': '01-23-2017', 'event': 'A new peace conference in Geneva was held on 23 February, the same day as Turkish forces captured Al-Bab from ISIL north-east of Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '01-26-2016', 'event': "The Syrian Ba'athist government established 'full control' over the town of Al-Shaykh Maskin in the Daraa Governorate, thus completing the operation that had begun in late December 2015."}, {'timestamp': '06-14-2014', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces retook the town of Kessab in northern Latakia Governorate."}, {'timestamp': '03-2015', 'event': "The Syrian Information Minister announced that his government considered recognizing Kurdish autonomy 'within the law and constitution'."}, {'timestamp': '12-14-2016', 'event': "The final rebel stronghold in Aleppo was recaptured by the Syrian Ba'athist government, followed by a ceasefire agreement."}, {'timestamp': '01-24-2016', 'event': "The Syrian Ba'athist government announced its forces, carrying on with their Latakia offensive, had seized the predominantly Sunni-populated town of Rabia, the last major town held by rebels in western Latakia province."}, {'timestamp': '03-20-2017', 'event': 'The U.N. Commission of Inquiry on Syria reported that on 20 March up to 150 civilians were killed near a school in Raqqa by U.S.-led coalition air strikes.'}, {'timestamp': '01-2018', 'event': 'the Syrian Army and its allies continued to advance against the forces of Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and other rebels in the Hama Governorate.'}, {'timestamp': '08-12-2016', 'event': 'The Syrian Democratic Forces fully captured the northern city of Manbij from ISIL and some days later announced a new offensive towards Al-Bab.'}, {'timestamp': '01-16-2016', 'event': "ISIL militants launched raid on Ba'athist government-held areas in the city of Deir ez-Zor and killed up to 300 people."}, {'timestamp': '07-20-2014', 'event': 'The Syrian Army secured the field, although fighting continued in its outskirts.'}, {'timestamp': '06-03-2014', 'event': "Syria held a presidential election in Ba'athist government-held areas."}, {'timestamp': '09-12-2016', 'event': 'A U.S.-Russian brokered cease-fire came into effect.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27-2016', 'event': 'The cease-fire started at 00:00 (Damascus time).'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-2017', 'event': "Ba'athist Government forces entered Dayr Hafir, the last stronghold held by ISIL in East Aleppo, and secured it."}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2017', 'event': "The American attack, taking place on 7 April 2017, was the first officially announced deliberate attack on Syrian Ba'athist government forces."}, {'timestamp': '02-21-2018', 'event': "the Ba'athist government began an operation to capture rebel-held Ghouta east of Damascus; the operation started with an intensive air campaign."}]
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Timeline of the 2011–2012 Syrian uprising
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[{'timestamp': '03-18-2018', 'event': 'on the 58th day of the Turkish military operation in Afrin, Operation Olive Branch, the Syrian National Army (SNA or FSA), Turkish Armed Forces and disparate rebel groups captured Afrin from the YPG and the YPJ, displacing up to 200,000 people.'}, {'timestamp': '04-07-2018', 'event': 'a chemical attack was reported in the city of Douma, with 70 people killed and 500 injured.'}, {'timestamp': '04-14-2018', 'event': "the U.S., U.K. and France launched missile strikes on multiple Ba'athist government targets in Syria as a response to the suspected chemical attack in Douma."}, {'timestamp': '07-03-2018', 'event': 'NES/SDF authorities removed some YPG flags from cities and towns under their control in Northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '07-28-2018', 'event': "the Kurdish-led council in northern Syria reported that it had decided to create a roadmap for a 'democratic and decentralized Syria' with the Syrian Government."}, {'timestamp': '07-29-2018', 'event': "former PYD co-chair Salih Muslim reported that the atmosphere during the meeting with the Syrian government had been 'positive and promising'."}, {'timestamp': '07-30-2018', 'event': "a Syrian Kurdish MP and leader of the Damascus-based 'Syrian Kurds National Initiative', Omar Ose, urged the NES/SDF to enter into full negotiations (as opposed to 'talks') with the Syrian Government."}, {'timestamp': '04-19-2018', 'event': 'the Syrian army and allied Palestinian groups began an offensive against the Yarmouk camp for Palestinian refugees in Southern Damascus.'}, {'timestamp': '05-21-2018', 'event': "pro-Ba'athist government troops fully recaptured Yarmouk camp, thus allowing the Syrian Arab Army to fully control the capital after 6 years."}, {'timestamp': '05-01-2018', 'event': "the U.S. government announced the U.S.-led coalition's 'operations to liberate the final ISIS strongholds in Syria'."}, {'timestamp': '06-2018', 'event': 'the Southern Syria offensive began.'}, {'timestamp': '07-06-2018', 'event': 'as a result of the Southern Syria offensive, the Syrian Army backed by Russian forces reached the border with Jordan and captured the Nasib Border Crossing.'}, {'timestamp': '09-08-2018', 'event': 'clashes in Quamishli took place between the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria and Syrian Arab Republic forces yet again.'}, {'timestamp': '09-17-2018', 'event': 'Israel hit multiple targets in western Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '09-24-2018', 'event': "Russian defence minister Sergey Shoygu confirmed that the Syrian army would receive S-300 air-defence missile systems to strengthen Syria's combat air defence capabilities."}, {'timestamp': '09-17-2018', 'event': 'Russian president Vladimir Putin and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan reached an agreement to create a buffer zone in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '10-2018', 'event': 'envoys from Russia, Turkey, France and Germany issued a joint statement affirming the need to respect territorial integrity of Syria as a whole.'}, {'timestamp': '07-2018', 'event': 'the reconstruction was estimated to cost a minimum of US$400 billion.'}, {'timestamp': '12-12-2018', 'event': "the Turkish government announced it would begin operations against Rojava (the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria) 'in a few days' in an apparent rebuke of US efforts at ensuring Turkish border security in the area."}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2018', 'event': 'President Trump abruptly announced the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, after which Turkey postponed the planned attack.'}, {'timestamp': '12-25-2018', 'event': "Israel launched an attack from or across Lebanese air space, 'in response to an anti-aircraft missile launched from Syria' according to the IDF."}, {'timestamp': '12-28-2018', 'event': "Ba'athist government forces were said to be on the outskirts of the strategically important northern city of Manbij."}, {'timestamp': '12-30-2018', 'event': "the Syrian Ba'athist government officially allowed Iraq to strike ISIL on Syrian territory."}, {'timestamp': '01-01-2019', 'event': 'Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) attacked and seized the positions of the National Front for Liberation (NLF) across rebel-held Idlib and Aleppo.'}, {'timestamp': '01-09-2019', 'event': 'a truce was reached between the two factions, with the NLF surrendering their last positions in Idlib to Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2019', 'event': 'Hayat Tahrir al-Sham took control of the remaining positions previously held by the NLF.'}, {'timestamp': '01-05-2019', 'event': 'a Kurdish fighter was killed and two British special forces troops were seriously injured by an ISIL attack near the town of Deir al-Zour.'}, {'timestamp': '01-06-2019', 'event': 'US National Security Adviser John Bolton said, on a trip to Israel and Turkey, that the withdrawal of US troops from Syria depends on certain conditions.'}, {'timestamp': '01-10-2019', 'event': 'US Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, said at a joint news conference that the US would withdraw its troops from Syria while continuing the battle against ISIL.'}, {'timestamp': '01-15-2019', 'event': 'a suicide bombing by an ISIL militant next to a US patrol in Kurdish-held Manbij killed 18 people, including four US service personnel.'}, {'timestamp': '03-23-2019', 'event': "the SDF said the five-year 'caliphate' was over and ISIL was now defeated in Syria."}, {'timestamp': '04-20-2019', 'event': 'ISIL reported that they had killed 35 government troops in the Homs and Deir al-Zour provinces.'}, {'timestamp': '05-06-2019', 'event': 'the Syrian Government, in coordination with the Russian Aerospace Forces, launched a ground offensive against Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.'}, {'timestamp': '08-19-2019', 'event': 'Syrian Government forces managed to take control over the town of Khan Shaykhun.'}, {'timestamp': '09-2019', 'event': 'over 120 Churches had been damaged or demolished by all sides in Syrian war since 2011.'}, {'timestamp': '08-07-2019', 'event': 'the United States and Turkey reached a deal, which would set up a new demilitarized buffer zone in northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-30-2019', 'event': 'the Syrian government and Russia announced the launch of a unilateral ceasefire starting from 31 August to stabilise the situation in Idlib.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2019', 'event': 'Turkish President Erdogan warned about a full-scale Turkish invasion of northern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '10-07-2019', 'event': 'the U.S. government declared that while U.S. forces would not support the Turkish operation, they would withdraw from the area.'}, {'timestamp': '10-09-2019', 'event': 'Turkish President Erdogan announced that the offensive into north-eastern Syria had begun.'}, {'timestamp': '10-13-2019', 'event': 'the Syrian government and the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava) made an agreement focused on deterring the Turkish-led offensive in north-eastern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '12-09-2019', 'event': 'various local accounts indicated that Turkey was moving Syrian refugees into its zone of operations in Northern Syria for the first time.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2019', 'event': 'Erdogan stated that Turkey was ready to resettle 1 million Syrian refugees in the northern Syria areas that Turkey had invaded.'}, {'timestamp': '12-19-2019', 'event': 'Syrian Army forces and allies launched a ground offensive in the northwestern Syria countryside.'}, {'timestamp': '12-2019', 'event': 'Russia and Syria escalated their attacks against rebel forces in and around the Idlib province by the end of 2019.'}, {'timestamp': '01-28-2020', 'event': "The Syrian Army captured Ma'arrat al-Nu'man."}, {'timestamp': '02-19-2020', 'event': 'Turkish President Erdogan declared his intentions of changing the border between Syria and Turkey into a secure place for people from both countries.'}, {'timestamp': '02-05-2020', 'event': 'government forces fully encircled Saraqib, including four Turkish observation posts.'}, {'timestamp': '02-14-2020', 'event': 'The road was fully under government control.'}, {'timestamp': '02-16-2020', 'event': 'the government in control over western Aleppo, including the cities of Haritan and Anadan.'}, {'timestamp': '02-20-2020', 'event': 'the rebels launched a counteroffensive towards Saraqib with Turkish artillery support.'}, {'timestamp': '02-27-2020', 'event': 'The offensive in northwestern Syria witnessed a major escalation as a result of pro-government airstrikes which targeted a Turkish mechanized infantry battalion near a post in the town of Balyun.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'active fighting in the conflict between the Syrian government and rebel groups had mostly subsided, but there were occasional flareups in Northwestern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': 'early 2023', 'event': 'reports indicated that the forces of ISIS in Syria had mostly been defeated, with only a few cells remaining in various remote locations.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'Turkey was continuing its attacks on various militias within Syria, consisting mostly of the YPG.'}, {'timestamp': 'mid-2022', 'event': 'President Erdoğan openly stated his support for the operations, in talks with Moscow.'}, {'timestamp': 'early 2023', 'event': 'Turkish-backed militias carried out military attacks against Kurdish militias, using tanks and artillery.'}, {'timestamp': '03-2023', 'event': 'the Syrian government declared that it would not seek any reconciliation with Turkey, unless Turkey withdrew all of its proxy forces from Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '08-10-2023', 'event': 'the 10th of August movement was launched, a new pan-Syrian protest movement.'}, {'timestamp': 'late August 2023', 'event': 'a general strike in Suweida sparked protests across southern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'various sources reported that the conflict had settled into low-level conflict, which had mainly achieved a stalemate.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'the main military conflict was not between the Syrian government and rebels, but rather between Turkish forces and factions within Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '10-05-2023', 'event': 'the Turkish Armed Forces launched a series of air and ground strikes targeting the Syrian Democratic Forces in Northeastern Syria.'}, {'timestamp': '2023', 'event': 'the airstrikes were launched in response to the 2023 Ankara bombing, which the Turkish government alleges was carried out by attackers originating from Northeastern Syria.'}]
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[{'timestamp': '03-18-2018', 'event': 'on the 58th day of the Turkish military operation in Afrin, Operation Olive Branch, the Syrian National Army (SNA or FSA), Turkish Armed Forces and disparate rebel groups captured Afrin from the YPG and the YPJ, displacing up to 200,000 people.'}]
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Timeline of liberal parties in Serbia and Montenegro
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[{'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Beginning of differentiating of political currents, liberals noticeable next to the conservatives'}, {'timestamp': '1858', 'event': 'Liberals organized themselves though not yet as political party in the modern sense'}, {'timestamp': '1881', 'event': 'The group established the Society for the promotion of Serbian Literature (Дружина за помагање српске књижевности) NGO'}, {'timestamp': '1883', 'event': 'The organization is formed into a political party: Liberal Party (Либерална странка)'}, {'timestamp': '1904', 'event': 'A left-wing faction seceded as the ⇒ Liberal Democratic Party (Либерално демократска странка) returning to original liberal ideas, the remainder continues as the National Party (Национална странка) straying far away from liberalism'}, {'timestamp': '1905', 'event': "The ⇒ Liberal Democratic Party reunited the National Party into the People's Party (Народна странка) of the liberal center"}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'The party merged with the Independent Radical Party and the Serbian Progressive Party (among many others) into the ⇒ Yugoslav Democratic Party'}, {'timestamp': '1842', 'event': 'The Constitution-defenders (Уставобранитељи) are organized, first forefathers of the progressives'}, {'timestamp': '1868', 'event': 'The Young Conservatives are organized, although not yet as a political party'}, {'timestamp': '1881', 'event': 'The Serbian Progressive Party (Српска напредна странка) is founded with many strong liberal ideas'}, {'timestamp': '1896', 'event': 'The party dissolved'}, {'timestamp': '1906', 'event': 'The party is reestablished, fully reformed'}, {'timestamp': '1914', 'event': 'The conservative faction seceded as the Serbian Conservative Party (Конзервативна странка)'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': "The party merged with the People's Party and the Independent Radical Party (along with many others) into the ⇒ Yugoslav Democratic Party"}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': "The party is reestablished by the remainder that didn't join into the Democrats"}, {'timestamp': '1925', 'event': 'The party ceased to exist'}, {'timestamp': '1881', 'event': "People's Radical Party (Народна радикална странка) was founded as a classical radical party."}, {'timestamp': '1903', 'event': "Liberal wing secedes from the People's Radical Party and forms the Independent Radical Party (Самостална радикална странка)"}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': "The Independent Radical Party merges with the ⇒ Serbian Progressive Party and the People's Party, along with many other political forces from former Austria-Hungary into the pan-Yugoslav ⇒ State Party of Serbian, Croatian and Slovene Democrats"}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': "The Independent Radical Party merges with the Serbian Progressive Party and the People's Party, along with many other political forces from former Austria-Hungary into the pan-Yugoslav State Party of Serbian, Croatian and Slovene Democrats (Државотворна странка демократа Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца / Državnotvorna stranka demokrata Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca)"}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'A group of hard-core republicans secedes'}, {'timestamp': '1920', 'event': 'The republican dissidents form the Republican Democratic Party (Републиканска демократска странка / Republikanska demokratska stranka)'}, {'timestamp': '1921', 'event': 'Republican Party is renamed as Yugoslav Republican Party (Југословенска републиканска странка / Jugoslovenska republikanska stranka)'}, {'timestamp': '1921', 'event': 'The party is formally named as the Yugoslav Democratic Party (Југословенска демократска странка / Jugoslovenska demokratska stranka) gaining a statute'}, {'timestamp': '1924', 'event': 'A faction formed the ⇒ Independent Democratic Party (Самостална демократска странка / Samostalna demokratska stranka)'}, {'timestamp': '1929', 'event': 'monarchic dictatorship is established and parties are banned'}, {'timestamp': '1935', 'event': 'preserving structure, the Democrats return into politics with the reintroduction of multi-parliamentarism'}, {'timestamp': '1945', 'event': 'Parties are again banned, JDS goes into pacifist resistance to Communism'}, {'timestamp': '1948', 'event': 'JDS is destroyed by Communists, but "Our Word" (Naša reč) emigrant newspaper is organized maintaining Democrats\' ideology'}, {'timestamp': '1963', 'event': 'emigrants reform the party as the Democratic Alternative (Demokratska alternativa) emigrant movement abroad'}, {'timestamp': '1968', 'event': 'student liberal demonstrations in Belgrade, opposition to Communist dictatorship formed => Committee for the Protection of Human Rights (Комитет за заштиту људских права / Komitet za zaštitu ljudskih права), considered predecessor of the modern Democratic Party'}, {'timestamp': '1982', 'event': 'Democratic Alternative ceases to exist'}, {'timestamp': '1989', 'event': 'Reestablishment of the party declared (Democratic Party (Serbia)'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'The party is reorganized as a political party, but just in Serbia'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': '"Our Word" stops editing'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'A nationalist group seceded as the Serbian Liberal Party (Српска либерална странка / Srpska liberalna stranka)'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'Conservative wing seceded as the Democratic Party of Serbia (Демократска странка Србије / Demokratska stranka Srbije)'}, {'timestamp': '1996', 'event': 'A faction seceded as the Democratic Center (Демократски центар / Demokratski centar)'}, {'timestamp': '2001', 'event': 'The party changed its ideology to social democracy'}, {'timestamp': '2004', 'event': 'The ⇒ Democratic Centre returned into the Democratic Party'}, {'timestamp': '2005', 'event': 'A faction led by Čedomir Jovanović seceded as the Liberal Democratic Party'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': '⇒ Civic Alliance of Serbia merged into the Liberal Democratic Party'}, {'timestamp': '1989', 'event': 'The pan-Yugoslav Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia (Savez reformskih snaga Jugoslavije) is founded'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'The party is renamed in Serbia into the Reformist Party (Reformska stranka)'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'The party merged with the Republican Club (Republikanski klub) into the Civic Alliance of Serbia (Građanski savez Srbije)'}, {'timestamp': '1992', 'event': 'The ⇒ Reformist Party merged with the Republican Club (Republikanski klub) to form the Civic Alliance of Serbia (Građanski savez Srbije)'}, {'timestamp': '1996', 'event': 'A left wing faction seceded as the ⇒ Social Democratic Union (Socijaldemokratska unija)'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'The party merged into the ⇒ Liberal Democratic Party'}]
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[{'timestamp': '1848', 'event': 'Beginning of differentiating of political currents, liberals noticeable next to the conservatives'}]
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Timeline of telescopes, observatories, & observing technology
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[{'timestamp': '1900s BCE', 'event': 'Taosi Astronomical Observatory, Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China'}, {'timestamp': '1500s BCE', 'event': 'Shadow clocks invented in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia'}, {'timestamp': '600s BCE', 'event': "11th–7th century BCE, Zhou dynasty astronomical observatory (灵台) in Fenghao (today's Xi'an), China"}, {'timestamp': '200s BCE', 'event': 'Thirteen Towers solar observatory, Chankillo, Peru'}, {'timestamp': '200s BCE', 'event': 'Antikythera Mechanism, a geared astronomical computer that calculates lunar and solar eclipses, the position of the Sun and the Moon the lunar phase (age of the moon), has several lunisolar calendars, including the Olympic Games calendar. It is at the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece.'}, {'timestamp': '100s BCE', 'event': "220-206 BCE, Han dynasty astronomical observatory (灵台) in Chang'an and Luoyang. During East Han dynasty, astronomical observatory (灵台) built in Yanshi, Henan Province, China"}, {'timestamp': '100s BCE', 'event': '220-150 BCE, Astrolabe invented by Apollonius of Perga'}, {'timestamp': '400s', 'event': '5th century – Observatory at Ujjain, India'}, {'timestamp': '600s', 'event': '632–647 – Cheomseongdae observatory is built in the reign of Queen Seondeok at Gyeongju, then the capital of Silla (present day South Korea)'}, {'timestamp': '600s', 'event': "618–1279 – Tang dynasty-Song dynasty, observatories built in Chang'an, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, China"}, {'timestamp': '700s', 'event': '700–96 – Brass astrolabe constructed by Muhammad al-Fazari based on Hellenistic sources'}, {'timestamp': '800s', 'event': '9th century – quadrant invented by Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 9th century Baghdad and is used for astronomical calculations'}, {'timestamp': '800s', 'event': '800–33 – The first modern observatory research institute built in Baghdad, Iraq, by Arabic astronomers during time of Al-Mamun'}, {'timestamp': '800s', 'event': '825–35 – Al-Shammisiyyah observatory by Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi in Baghdad, Iraq'}, {'timestamp': '900s', 'event': '10th century – Large astrolabe of diameter 1.4 meters constructed by Ibn Yunus'}, {'timestamp': '994', 'event': 'First sextant constructed in Ray, Iran, by Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi. It was a very large mural sextant that achieved a high level of accuracy for astronomical measurements.'}, {'timestamp': '1000', 'event': 'Mokattam observatory in Egypt for Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah'}, {'timestamp': '11th century', 'event': 'Planisphere invented by Biruni'}, {'timestamp': '11th century', 'event': 'Universal latitude-independent astrolabe invented by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)'}, {'timestamp': '1023', 'event': 'Hamedan observatory in Persia'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1030', 'event': 'Treasury of Optics by Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) of Iraq and Egypt'}, {'timestamp': '1074–92', 'event': 'Malikshah Observatory at Isfahan used by Omar Khayyám'}, {'timestamp': '1100–50', 'event': 'Jabir ibn Aflah develops instruments resembling and perhaps inspiring the torquetum, an observational instrument and mechanical analog computer device'}, {'timestamp': '1119–25', 'event': 'Cairo al-Bataihi observatory for Al-Afdal Shahanshah'}, {'timestamp': '1259', 'event': 'Maragheh observatory and library of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi built in Persia under Hulagu Khan'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1270', 'event': 'Terrace for Managing Heaven 26 observatory network of Guo Shoujing under Khubilai Khan'}, {'timestamp': '1276', 'event': 'Dengfeng Star Observatory Platform, Gaocheng, Dengfeng City, Henan Province, China'}, {'timestamp': '1371', 'event': 'The idea of using hours of equal time length throughout the year in a sundial was the innovation of Ibn al-Shatir'}, {'timestamp': '1420', 'event': 'Samarkand observatory of Ulugh Beg'}, {'timestamp': '1442', 'event': 'Beijing Ancient Observatory in China'}, {'timestamp': '1467–71', 'event': 'Observatory at Nagyvarad Oradea, Kingdom of Hungary for Matthias Corvinus. Tabula Varadensis.'}, {'timestamp': '1472', 'event': 'The Nuremberg observatory of Regiomontanus and Bernhard Walther.'}, {'timestamp': '1560', 'event': 'Kassel observatory under Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hesse'}, {'timestamp': '1575–80', 'event': 'Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din under Sultan Murad III'}, {'timestamp': '1576', 'event': 'Royal Danish Astronomical Observatory Uraniborg at Hven by Tycho Brahe'}, {'timestamp': '1577–80', 'event': 'Taqi al-Din invents a mechanical astronomical clock that measures time in seconds, one of the most important innovations in 16th-century practical astronomy, as previous clocks were not accurate enough to be used for astronomical purposes.'}, {'timestamp': '1577–80', 'event': 'Taqi al-Din invents framed sextant'}, {'timestamp': '1581', 'event': 'Royal Danish Astronomical Observatory Stjerneborg at Hven by Tycho Brahe'}, {'timestamp': '1600', 'event': 'Prague observatory in Benátky nad Jizerou by Tycho Brahe'}, {'timestamp': '1603', 'event': "Johann Bayer's Uranometria is published"}, {'timestamp': '1608', 'event': 'Hans Lippershey tries to patent an optical refracting telescope, the first recorded functional telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1609', 'event': 'Galileo Galilei builds his first optical refracting telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1616', 'event': 'Niccolò Zucchi experiments with a reflecting telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1633', 'event': 'Construction of Leiden University Observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1641', 'event': 'William Gascoigne invents telescope cross hairs'}, {'timestamp': '1641', 'event': 'Danzig/Gdansk observatory of Jan Hevelius'}, {'timestamp': '1642', 'event': 'Copenhagen University Royal observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1661', 'event': 'James Gregory proposes an optical reflecting telescope with parabolic mirrors'}, {'timestamp': '1667', 'event': 'Paris Observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1668', 'event': 'Isaac Newton constructs the first "practical" reflecting telescope, the Newtonian telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1672', 'event': 'Laurent Cassegrain designs the Cassegrain telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1675', 'event': 'Royal Greenwich Observatory of England'}, {'timestamp': '1684', 'event': 'Christiaan Huygens publishes "Astroscopia Compendiaria" in which he described the design of very long aerial telescopes'}, {'timestamp': '1704', 'event': 'First observatory at Cambridge University (based at Trinity College)'}, {'timestamp': '1724', 'event': 'Indian observatory of Sawai Jai Singh at Delhi'}, {'timestamp': '1725', 'event': 'St. Petersburg observatory at Royal Academy'}, {'timestamp': '1732', 'event': 'Indian observatories of Sawai Jai Singh at Varanasi, Ujjain, Mathura, Madras'}, {'timestamp': '1733', 'event': 'Chester Moore Hall invents the achromatic lens refracting telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1734', 'event': 'Indian observatory of Sawai Jai Singh at Jaipur'}, {'timestamp': '1753', 'event': 'Real Observatorio de Cádiz (Spain)'}, {'timestamp': '1753', 'event': 'Vilnius Observatory at Vilnius University, Lithuania'}, {'timestamp': '1758', 'event': 'John Dollond reinvents the achromatic lens'}, {'timestamp': '1761', 'event': 'Joseph-Nicolas Delisle 62 observing station network for observing the transit of Venus'}, {'timestamp': '1769', 'event': 'Short reflectors used at 63 station network for transit of Venus'}, {'timestamp': '1774', 'event': 'Vatican Observatory (Specola Vaticana), originally established as the Observatory of the Roman College.'}, {'timestamp': '1780', 'event': 'Florence Specola observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1789', 'event': 'William Herschel finishes a 49-inch (1.2 m) optical reflecting telescope, located in Slough, England'}, {'timestamp': '1798', 'event': 'Real Observatorio de la Isla de Léon (actualmente Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada) (Spain)'}, {'timestamp': '1803', 'event': 'National Astronomical Observatory (Colombia), the first observatory in the Americas'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Swathithirunal opened Trivandrum observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1839', 'event': 'Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (inventor of the daguerreotype photographic process) attempts to photograph the moon. Tracking errors in guiding the telescope during the long exposure made the photograph came out as an indistinct fuzzy spot'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': 'John William Draper takes make a successful photographic image of the Moon, the first astronomical photograph'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Lord Rosse finishes the Birr Castle 72-inch (1.8 m) optical reflecting telescope, located in Parsonstown, Ireland'}, {'timestamp': '1849', 'event': 'Santiago observatory set up by USA, later becomes Chilean National Observatory (now part of the University of Chile)'}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'Kirchhoff and Bunsen develop spectroscopy'}, {'timestamp': '1864', 'event': "Herschel's so-called GC (General Catalogue) of nebulae and star clusters published"}, {'timestamp': '1868', 'event': 'Janssen and Lockyer discover Helium observing spectra of the Sun'}, {'timestamp': '1871', 'event': 'German Astronomical Association organized network of 13 (later 16) observatories for stellar proper motion studies'}, {'timestamp': '1863', 'event': 'William Allen Miller and Sir William Huggins use the photographic wet collodion plate process to obtain the first ever photographic spectrogram of a star, Sirius and Capella.'}, {'timestamp': '1872', 'event': 'Henry Draper photographs a spectrum of Vega that shows absorption lines.'}, {'timestamp': '1878', 'event': 'Dreyer published a supplement to the GC of about 1000 new objects, the New General Catalogue'}, {'timestamp': '1883', 'event': 'Andrew Ainslie Common uses the photographic dry plate process and a 36-inch (91 cm) reflecting telescope in his backyard to record 60 minute exposures of the Orion nebula that for the first time showed stars too faint to be seen by the human eye.'}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'Paris conference institutes Carte du Ciel project to map entire sky to 14th magnitude photographically'}, {'timestamp': '1888', 'event': 'First light of 91cm refracting telescope at Lick Observatory, on Mount Hamilton near San Jose, California'}, {'timestamp': '1889', 'event': 'Astronomical Society of the Pacific founded'}, {'timestamp': '1890', 'event': 'Albert A. Michelson proposes the stellar interferometer'}, {'timestamp': '1892', 'event': 'George Ellery Hale finishes a spectroheliograph, which allows the Sun to be photographed in the light of one element only'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'Alvan Clark finishes the Yerkes 40-inch (1.0 m) optical refracting telescope, located in Williams Bay, Wisconsin'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '1500s BCE', 'event': 'Shadow clocks invented in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia'}, {'timestamp': '1839', 'event': 'Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (inventor of the daguerreotype photographic process) attempts to photograph the moon. Tracking errors in guiding the telescope during the long exposure made the photograph came out as an indistinct fuzzy spot'}, {'timestamp': '1684', 'event': 'Christiaan Huygens publishes "Astroscopia Compendiaria" in which he described the design of very long aerial telescopes'}, {'timestamp': '900s', 'event': '10th century – Large astrolabe of diameter 1.4 meters constructed by Ibn Yunus'}, {'timestamp': '1576', 'event': 'Royal Danish Astronomical Observatory Uraniborg at Hven by Tycho Brahe'}, {'timestamp': '1900s BCE', 'event': 'Taosi Astronomical Observatory, Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China'}, {'timestamp': '1892', 'event': 'George Ellery Hale finishes a spectroheliograph, which allows the Sun to be photographed in the light of one element only'}, {'timestamp': '1724', 'event': 'Indian observatory of Sawai Jai Singh at Delhi'}, {'timestamp': '1641', 'event': 'Danzig/Gdansk observatory of Jan Hevelius'}, {'timestamp': '1753', 'event': 'Real Observatorio de Cádiz (Spain)'}, {'timestamp': '1616', 'event': 'Niccolò Zucchi experiments with a reflecting telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1845', 'event': 'Lord Rosse finishes the Birr Castle 72-inch (1.8 m) optical reflecting telescope, located in Parsonstown, Ireland'}, {'timestamp': '1753', 'event': 'Vilnius Observatory at Vilnius University, Lithuania'}, {'timestamp': '1868', 'event': 'Janssen and Lockyer discover Helium observing spectra of the Sun'}, {'timestamp': '1836', 'event': 'Swathithirunal opened Trivandrum observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1780', 'event': 'Florence Specola observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1883', 'event': 'Andrew Ainslie Common uses the photographic dry plate process and a 36-inch (91 cm) reflecting telescope in his backyard to record 60 minute exposures of the Orion nebula that for the first time showed stars too faint to be seen by the human eye.'}, {'timestamp': '1840', 'event': 'John William Draper takes make a successful photographic image of the Moon, the first astronomical photograph'}, {'timestamp': '1872', 'event': 'Henry Draper photographs a spectrum of Vega that shows absorption lines.'}, {'timestamp': '1734', 'event': 'Indian observatory of Sawai Jai Singh at Jaipur'}, {'timestamp': '11th century', 'event': 'Planisphere invented by Biruni'}, {'timestamp': '1560', 'event': 'Kassel observatory under Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hesse'}, {'timestamp': '1769', 'event': 'Short reflectors used at 63 station network for transit of Venus'}, {'timestamp': '1661', 'event': 'James Gregory proposes an optical reflecting telescope with parabolic mirrors'}, {'timestamp': '1890', 'event': 'Albert A. Michelson proposes the stellar interferometer'}, {'timestamp': '1642', 'event': 'Copenhagen University Royal observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1774', 'event': 'Vatican Observatory (Specola Vaticana), originally established as the Observatory of the Roman College.'}, {'timestamp': '1577–80', 'event': 'Taqi al-Din invents a mechanical astronomical clock that measures time in seconds, one of the most important innovations in 16th-century practical astronomy, as previous clocks were not accurate enough to be used for astronomical purposes.'}, {'timestamp': '1675', 'event': 'Royal Greenwich Observatory of England'}, {'timestamp': '400s', 'event': '5th century – Observatory at Ujjain, India'}, {'timestamp': '1633', 'event': 'Construction of Leiden University Observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1259', 'event': 'Maragheh observatory and library of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi built in Persia under Hulagu Khan'}, {'timestamp': '1276', 'event': 'Dengfeng Star Observatory Platform, Gaocheng, Dengfeng City, Henan Province, China'}, {'timestamp': '1789', 'event': 'William Herschel finishes a 49-inch (1.2 m) optical reflecting telescope, located in Slough, England'}, {'timestamp': '800s', 'event': '825–35 – Al-Shammisiyyah observatory by Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi in Baghdad, Iraq'}, {'timestamp': '1603', 'event': "Johann Bayer's Uranometria is published"}, {'timestamp': '1467–71', 'event': 'Observatory at Nagyvarad Oradea, Kingdom of Hungary for Matthias Corvinus. Tabula Varadensis.'}, {'timestamp': '1641', 'event': 'William Gascoigne invents telescope cross hairs'}, {'timestamp': '1863', 'event': 'William Allen Miller and Sir William Huggins use the photographic wet collodion plate process to obtain the first ever photographic spectrogram of a star, Sirius and Capella.'}, {'timestamp': '600s', 'event': '632–647 – Cheomseongdae observatory is built in the reign of Queen Seondeok at Gyeongju, then the capital of Silla (present day South Korea)'}, {'timestamp': '200s BCE', 'event': 'Antikythera Mechanism, a geared astronomical computer that calculates lunar and solar eclipses, the position of the Sun and the Moon the lunar phase (age of the moon), has several lunisolar calendars, including the Olympic Games calendar. It is at the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece.'}, {'timestamp': '600s BCE', 'event': "11th–7th century BCE, Zhou dynasty astronomical observatory (灵台) in Fenghao (today's Xi'an), China"}, {'timestamp': '1704', 'event': 'First observatory at Cambridge University (based at Trinity College)'}, {'timestamp': '1609', 'event': 'Galileo Galilei builds his first optical refracting telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1000', 'event': 'Mokattam observatory in Egypt for Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah'}, {'timestamp': '200s BCE', 'event': 'Thirteen Towers solar observatory, Chankillo, Peru'}, {'timestamp': '1758', 'event': 'John Dollond reinvents the achromatic lens'}, {'timestamp': '1100–50', 'event': 'Jabir ibn Aflah develops instruments resembling and perhaps inspiring the torquetum, an observational instrument and mechanical analog computer device'}, {'timestamp': '1472', 'event': 'The Nuremberg observatory of Regiomontanus and Bernhard Walther.'}, {'timestamp': '800s', 'event': '800–33 – The first modern observatory research institute built in Baghdad, Iraq, by Arabic astronomers during time of Al-Mamun'}, {'timestamp': '1672', 'event': 'Laurent Cassegrain designs the Cassegrain telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1371', 'event': 'The idea of using hours of equal time length throughout the year in a sundial was the innovation of Ibn al-Shatir'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1030', 'event': 'Treasury of Optics by Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) of Iraq and Egypt'}, {'timestamp': '1420', 'event': 'Samarkand observatory of Ulugh Beg'}, {'timestamp': '11th century', 'event': 'Universal latitude-independent astrolabe invented by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)'}, {'timestamp': '1889', 'event': 'Astronomical Society of the Pacific founded'}, {'timestamp': '1803', 'event': 'National Astronomical Observatory (Colombia), the first observatory in the Americas'}, {'timestamp': '1608', 'event': 'Hans Lippershey tries to patent an optical refracting telescope, the first recorded functional telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1878', 'event': 'Dreyer published a supplement to the GC of about 1000 new objects, the New General Catalogue'}, {'timestamp': '1897', 'event': 'Alvan Clark finishes the Yerkes 40-inch (1.0 m) optical refracting telescope, located in Williams Bay, Wisconsin'}, {'timestamp': '100s BCE', 'event': "220-206 BCE, Han dynasty astronomical observatory (灵台) in Chang'an and Luoyang. During East Han dynasty, astronomical observatory (灵台) built in Yanshi, Henan Province, China"}, {'timestamp': '1600', 'event': 'Prague observatory in Benátky nad Jizerou by Tycho Brahe'}, {'timestamp': '1577–80', 'event': 'Taqi al-Din invents framed sextant'}, {'timestamp': '1074–92', 'event': 'Malikshah Observatory at Isfahan used by Omar Khayyám'}, {'timestamp': '1888', 'event': 'First light of 91cm refracting telescope at Lick Observatory, on Mount Hamilton near San Jose, California'}, {'timestamp': '1575–80', 'event': 'Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din under Sultan Murad III'}, {'timestamp': '1668', 'event': 'Isaac Newton constructs the first "practical" reflecting telescope, the Newtonian telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1871', 'event': 'German Astronomical Association organized network of 13 (later 16) observatories for stellar proper motion studies'}, {'timestamp': '1119–25', 'event': 'Cairo al-Bataihi observatory for Al-Afdal Shahanshah'}, {'timestamp': '1733', 'event': 'Chester Moore Hall invents the achromatic lens refracting telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1581', 'event': 'Royal Danish Astronomical Observatory Stjerneborg at Hven by Tycho Brahe'}, {'timestamp': '1798', 'event': 'Real Observatorio de la Isla de Léon (actualmente Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada) (Spain)'}, {'timestamp': '700s', 'event': '700–96 – Brass astrolabe constructed by Muhammad al-Fazari based on Hellenistic sources'}, {'timestamp': '1849', 'event': 'Santiago observatory set up by USA, later becomes Chilean National Observatory (now part of the University of Chile)'}, {'timestamp': '1023', 'event': 'Hamedan observatory in Persia'}, {'timestamp': '600s', 'event': "618–1279 – Tang dynasty-Song dynasty, observatories built in Chang'an, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, China"}, {'timestamp': '800s', 'event': '9th century – quadrant invented by Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 9th century Baghdad and is used for astronomical calculations'}, {'timestamp': '1864', 'event': "Herschel's so-called GC (General Catalogue) of nebulae and star clusters published"}, {'timestamp': '1442', 'event': 'Beijing Ancient Observatory in China'}, {'timestamp': '1887', 'event': 'Paris conference institutes Carte du Ciel project to map entire sky to 14th magnitude photographically'}, {'timestamp': '100s BCE', 'event': '220-150 BCE, Astrolabe invented by Apollonius of Perga'}, {'timestamp': '994', 'event': 'First sextant constructed in Ray, Iran, by Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi. It was a very large mural sextant that achieved a high level of accuracy for astronomical measurements.'}, {'timestamp': '1732', 'event': 'Indian observatories of Sawai Jai Singh at Varanasi, Ujjain, Mathura, Madras'}, {'timestamp': '1761', 'event': 'Joseph-Nicolas Delisle 62 observing station network for observing the transit of Venus'}, {'timestamp': '1859', 'event': 'Kirchhoff and Bunsen develop spectroscopy'}, {'timestamp': '1667', 'event': 'Paris Observatory'}, {'timestamp': 'c. 1270', 'event': 'Terrace for Managing Heaven 26 observatory network of Guo Shoujing under Khubilai Khan'}, {'timestamp': '1725', 'event': 'St. Petersburg observatory at Royal Academy'}]
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Timeline of telescopes, observatories, & observing technology
|
[{'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada established'}, {'timestamp': '1904', 'event': 'Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington founded'}, {'timestamp': '1907', 'event': 'F.C. Brown and Joel Stebbins develop a selenium cell photometer at the University of Illinois Observatory.'}, {'timestamp': '1912', 'event': 'Joel Stebbins and Jakob Kunz begin to use a photometer using a photoelectric cell at the University of Illinois Observatory.'}, {'timestamp': '1917', 'event': 'Mount Wilson 100-inch (2.5 m) optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located in Mount Wilson, California'}, {'timestamp': '1918', 'event': '1.8m Plaskett Telescope begins operation at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada'}, {'timestamp': '1919', 'event': 'International Astronomical Union (IAU) founded'}, {'timestamp': '1930', 'event': 'Bernard-Ferdinand Lyot invents the coronagraph'}, {'timestamp': '1930', 'event': 'Karl Jansky builds a 30-meter long rotating aerial radio telescope This was the first radio telescope.'}, {'timestamp': '1933', 'event': 'Bernard-Ferdinand Lyot invents the Lyot filter'}, {'timestamp': '1934', 'event': 'Bernhard Schmidt finishes the first 14-inch (360 mm) Schmidt optical reflecting telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1936', 'event': 'Palomar 18-inch (460 mm) Schmidt optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located in Palomar, California'}, {'timestamp': '1937', 'event': 'Grote Reber builds a 31-foot (9.4 m) radio telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1941', 'event': 'Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov invents the Maksutov telescope which is adopted by major observatories in the Soviet Union and internationally. It is now also a popular design with amateur astronomers'}, {'timestamp': '1946', 'event': 'Martin Ryle and his group perform the first astronomical observations with a radio interferometer'}, {'timestamp': '1947', 'event': 'Bernard Lovell and his group complete the Jodrell Bank 218-foot (66 m) non-steerable radio telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1949', 'event': 'Palomar 48-inch (1.2 m) Schmidt optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located in Palomar, California'}, {'timestamp': '1949', 'event': 'Palomar 200-inch (5.1 m) optical reflecting telescope (Hale Telescope) begins regular operation, located in Palomar, California'}, {'timestamp': '1953', 'event': 'Luoxue Mountain Cosmic Rays Research Center, Yunnan Province, in China founded'}, {'timestamp': '1954', 'event': 'Earth rotation aperture synthesis suggested (see e.g. Christiansen and Warburton (1955))'}, {'timestamp': '1956', 'event': 'Dwingeloo Radio Observatory 25 m telescope completed, Dwingeloo, Netherlands'}, {'timestamp': '1957', 'event': 'Bernard Lovell and his group complete the Jodrell Bank 250-foot (75 m) steerable radio telescope (the Lovell Telescope)'}, {'timestamp': '1957', 'event': 'Peter Scheuer publishes his P(D) method for obtaining source counts of spatially unresolved sources'}, {'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'Radio Observatory of the University of Chile, located at Maipú, Chile founded'}, {'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'The 3C catalogue of radio sources is published (revised in 1962)'}, {'timestamp': '1959', 'event': 'The Shane 120-inch (3.0 m) Telescope Opened at Lick Observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1960', 'event': 'Owens Valley 27-meter radio telescopes begin operation, located in Big Pine, California'}, {'timestamp': '1961', 'event': 'Parkes 64-metre radio telescope begins operation, located near Parkes, Australia'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'European Southern Observatory (ESO) founded'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'Kitt Peak solar observatory founded'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'Green Bank, West Virginia 90m radio telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1962', 'event': 'Orbiting Solar Observatory 1 satellite launched'}, {'timestamp': '1963', 'event': 'Arecibo 300-meter radio telescope begins operation, located in Arecibo, Puerto Rico'}, {'timestamp': '1964', 'event': "Martin Ryle's 1-mile (1.6 km) radio interferometer begins operation, located in Cambridge, England"}, {'timestamp': '1965', 'event': 'Owens Valley 40-meter radio telescope begins operation, located in Big Pine, California'}, {'timestamp': '1967', 'event': 'First VLBI images, with 183 km baseline'}, {'timestamp': '1969', 'event': 'Observations start at Big Bear Solar Observatory, located in Big Bear, California'}, {'timestamp': '1969', 'event': 'Las Campanas Observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'Cerro Tololo 158-inch (4.0 m) optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located in Cerro Tololo, Chile'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'Kitt Peak National Observatory 158-inch (4.0 m) optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located near Tucson, Arizona'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'Uhuru x-ray telescope satellite'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'Antoine Labeyrie performs the first high-resolution optical speckle interferometry observations'}, {'timestamp': '1970', 'event': 'Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope completed, near Westerbork, Netherlands'}, {'timestamp': '1972', 'event': '100 m Effelsberg radio telescope inaugurated (Germany)'}, {'timestamp': '1973', 'event': 'UK Schmidt Telescope 1.2 metre optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located in Anglo-Australian Observatory near Coonabarabran, Australia'}, {'timestamp': '1974', 'event': 'Anglo-Australian Telescope 153-inch (3.9 m) optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located in Anglo-Australian Observatory near Coonabarabran, Australia'}, {'timestamp': '1975', 'event': 'Gerald Smith, Frederick Landauer, and James Janesick use a CCD to observe Uranus, the first astronomical CCD observation'}, {'timestamp': '1975', 'event': 'Antoine Labeyrie builds the first two-telescope optical interferometer'}, {'timestamp': '1976', 'event': 'The 6-m BTA-6 (Bolshoi Teleskop Azimutalnyi or “Large Altazimuth Telescope”) goes into operation on Mt. Pashtukhov in the Russian Caucasus'}, {'timestamp': '1978', 'event': 'Multiple Mirror 176-inch (4.5 m) equivalent optical/infrared reflecting telescope begins operation, located in Amado, Arizona'}, {'timestamp': '1978', 'event': 'International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) telescope satellite'}, {'timestamp': '1978', 'event': 'Einstein High Energy Astronomy Observatory x-ray telescope satellite'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'UKIRT 150-inch (3.8 m) infrared reflecting telescope begins operation, located at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'Canada-France-Hawaii 140-inch (3.6 m) optical reflecting telescope begins operation, located at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii'}, {'timestamp': '1979', 'event': 'NASA Infrared Telescope Facility[1] 120-inch (3.0 m) infrared reflecting telescope begins operation, located at Mauna Kea, Hawaii'}, {'timestamp': '1980', 'event': 'Completion of construction of the VLA, located in Socorro, New Mexico'}, {'timestamp': '1983', 'event': 'Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) telescope'}, {'timestamp': '1984', 'event': 'IRAM 30-m telescope at Pico Veleta near Granada, Spain completed'}, {'timestamp': '1987', 'event': '15-m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope UK submillimetre telescope installed at Mauna Kea Observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1987', 'event': '5-m Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) installed at the ESO La Silla Observatory'}, {'timestamp': '1988', 'event': 'Australia Telescope Compact Array aperture synthesis radio telescope begins operation, located near Narrabri, Australia'}, {'timestamp': '1989', 'event': 'Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite'}, {'timestamp': '1990', 'event': 'Hubble 2.4m space Telescope launched, mirror found to be flawed'}, {'timestamp': '1991', 'event': 'Compton Gamma Ray Observatory satellite'}, {'timestamp': '1993', 'event': 'Keck 10-meter optical/infrared reflecting telescope begins operation, located at Mauna Kea, Hawaii'}, {'timestamp': '1993', 'event': 'Very Long Baseline Array of 10 dishes'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope (COAST)—the first very high resolution optical astronomical images (from aperture synthesis observations)'}, {'timestamp': '1995', 'event': 'Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope of thirty 45 m dishes at Pune'}, {'timestamp': '1996', 'event': 'Keck 2 10-meter optical/infrared reflecting telescope begins operation, located at Mauna Kea, Hawaii'}, {'timestamp': '1997', 'event': 'The Japanese HALCA satellite begins operations, producing first VLBI observations from space, 25,000 km maximum baseline'}, {'timestamp': '1998', 'event': 'First light at VLT1, the 8.2 m ESO telescope'}, {'timestamp': '2001', 'event': 'First light at the Keck Interferometer. Single-baseline operations begin in the near-infrared.'}, {'timestamp': '2001', 'event': 'First light at VLTI interferometry array. Operations on the interferometer start with single-baseline near-infrared observations with the 103 m baseline.'}, {'timestamp': '2005', 'event': 'First imaging with the VLTI using the AMBER optical aperture synthesis instrument and three VLT telescopes.'}, {'timestamp': '2005', 'event': 'First light at SALT, the largest optical telescope in the Southern Hemisphere, with a hexagonal primary mirror of 11.1 by 9.8 meters.'}, {'timestamp': '2007', 'event': 'First light at Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC), in Spain, the largest optical telescope in the world with an effective diameter of 10.4 meters.'}, {'timestamp': '2021', 'event': "James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), was launched 25 December 2021 on an ESA Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana and will succeed the Hubble Space Telescope as NASA's flagship mission in astrophysics."}, {'timestamp': '07-01-2023', 'event': 'Euclid, was launched on 1 July 2023 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, to study dark matter and energy.'}, {'timestamp': '09-06-2023', 'event': 'XRISM was launched on 6 September 2023 on a H-IIA rocket to study the formation of the universe and the dark matter.'}, {'timestamp': '2020', 'event': 'first light planned in 2020'}, {'timestamp': '2027', 'event': 'first light planned in 2027'}, {'timestamp': '2019', 'event': "Launch was planned for 2019, but the project's website is now defunct and no updates have been provided on the fate of the effort."}, {'timestamp': '2021', 'event': 'Science first light of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory is anticipated for 2021 with full science operations to begin a year later.'}, {'timestamp': '2027', 'event': 'Launch is tentatively scheduled for 2027.'}]
|
[{'timestamp': '1902', 'event': 'Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada established'}]
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Timeline of the Cox Report controversy
|
[{'timestamp': '06-01-1995', 'event': "Sometime in June, a walk-in agent for People's Republic of China intelligence services approached the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) office in Taiwan and provided them with an official PRC document classified 'Secret' that contained design information of all seven of America's nuclear warheads. President Bill Clinton's Director of Central Intelligence, John Deutch, was informed the following month."}, {'timestamp': '07-01-1995', 'event': "Clinton's former Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary, Chief of Staff Leon Panetta, and deputy director of Central Intelligence George Tenet learned of the PRC's theft of America's nuclear warhead designs sometime in July 1995, but did not inform the President at that time."}, {'timestamp': '10-31-1995', 'event': "On or about October 31, the FBI first learned of the PRC's possible theft of advanced U.S. nuclear weapons designs."}, {'timestamp': '11-01-1995', 'event': "CIA Director Deutch informed Clinton's National Security Adviser Anthony Lake about the PRC's theft of America's nuclear weapon designs sometime in November 1995. The president was not briefed at that time."}, {'timestamp': '02-14-1996', 'event': "On February 14, a People's Liberation Army (PLA) space launch vehicle crashed, destroying the Loral Space & Communications satellite (Intelsat 708) it was carrying."}, {'timestamp': '03-27-1996', 'event': 'On March 27, Energy Department officials were notified by an American agent that it appeared the PRC recently stole U.S. neutron bomb secrets.'}, {'timestamp': '04-13-1996', 'event': "On April 13, the Energy Department briefed the White House about the PRC's espionage at Los Alamos weapons lab."}, {'timestamp': '05-30-1997', 'event': 'On May 30, the FBI formally opened a criminal investigation into the theft of the W-88 nuclear design.'}, {'timestamp': '10-29-1997', 'event': 'On October 29, President Clinton certified that China was not engaging in the export of nuclear technology to non-nuclear nations.'}, {'timestamp': '11-02-1997', 'event': 'PRC President Jiang Zemin completed his tour of the United States with a November 2–3 visit to Los Angeles.'}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1997', 'event': "On November 7, 1997, Energy Secretary Federico Peña announced the department had taken actions to strengthen the safeguards and security at the department's defense nuclear facilities."}, {'timestamp': '02-01-1998', 'event': 'President Clinton authorized the sale to China of a Loral-made satellite sometime in February 1998.'}, {'timestamp': '02-1996', 'event': 'Justice Department prosecutors who were investigating the company for possible violations of export law regarding the February 1996 failed rocket launch in China opposed this.'}, {'timestamp': '2002', 'event': 'Loral was eventually fined $14 million in 2002 for its involvement in illegally transferring missile technology to China.'}, {'timestamp': '02-1996', 'event': "Also in February, President Clinton issued a Presidential Decision Directive (PDD-61) that attempted to tighten security in all of the United States' weapons laboratories."}, {'timestamp': '06-18-1996', 'event': "On June 18, the House of Representatives voted 409–10 to allow the creation of a special committee to investigate whether technology or information was transferred to the People's Republic of China that may have contributed to the enhancement of their nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles."}, {'timestamp': '10-17-1996', 'event': 'On October 17, President Clinton signed into law recently passed legislation by Congress that reversed his 1996 Executive Order that shifted control over commercial satellite exports permits from the State Department to the Commerce Department.'}, {'timestamp': '12-05-1996', 'event': "On December 5, The New York Times reported the Justice Department was investigating the Central Intelligence Agency for possibly obstructing justice by giving Hughes Electronics information about the House Select Committee's investigation of the company."}, {'timestamp': '01-03-1999', 'event': "On January 3, the House Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China released their classified report on their findings regarding China's espionage campaign against the United States to government officials in Congress and the White House."}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1999', 'event': "On March 6, The New York Times published an article entitled 'China Stole Nuclear Secrets From Los Alamos, U.S. Officials Say'."}, {'timestamp': '03-08-1999', 'event': 'The Energy Department fired nuclear scientist Wen Ho Lee on March 8, 1999.'}, {'timestamp': '05-25-1999', 'event': "On May 25, the United States House of Representatives released the unanimously agreed upon Cox Report (AKA Report of the Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China) which detailed publicly for the first time China's espionage campaign against the United States."}, {'timestamp': '12-1999', 'event': "In December 1999, four Stanford University professors release a report rebutting the Cox Commission, noting 'The language of the report, particularly its Overview, was inflammatory and some allegations did not seem to be well supported....Some important and relevant facts are wrong and a number of conclusions are, in our view, unwarranted.'"}]
|
[{'timestamp': '2002', 'event': 'Loral was eventually fined $14 million in 2002 for its involvement in illegally transferring missile technology to China.'}, {'timestamp': '10-29-1997', 'event': 'On October 29, President Clinton certified that China was not engaging in the export of nuclear technology to non-nuclear nations.'}, {'timestamp': '02-1996', 'event': "Also in February, President Clinton issued a Presidential Decision Directive (PDD-61) that attempted to tighten security in all of the United States' weapons laboratories."}, {'timestamp': '02-01-1998', 'event': 'President Clinton authorized the sale to China of a Loral-made satellite sometime in February 1998.'}, {'timestamp': '12-1999', 'event': "In December 1999, four Stanford University professors release a report rebutting the Cox Commission, noting 'The language of the report, particularly its Overview, was inflammatory and some allegations did not seem to be well supported....Some important and relevant facts are wrong and a number of conclusions are, in our view, unwarranted.'"}, {'timestamp': '10-17-1996', 'event': 'On October 17, President Clinton signed into law recently passed legislation by Congress that reversed his 1996 Executive Order that shifted control over commercial satellite exports permits from the State Department to the Commerce Department.'}, {'timestamp': '06-18-1996', 'event': "On June 18, the House of Representatives voted 409–10 to allow the creation of a special committee to investigate whether technology or information was transferred to the People's Republic of China that may have contributed to the enhancement of their nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles."}, {'timestamp': '03-08-1999', 'event': 'The Energy Department fired nuclear scientist Wen Ho Lee on March 8, 1999.'}, {'timestamp': '10-31-1995', 'event': "On or about October 31, the FBI first learned of the PRC's possible theft of advanced U.S. nuclear weapons designs."}, {'timestamp': '12-05-1996', 'event': "On December 5, The New York Times reported the Justice Department was investigating the Central Intelligence Agency for possibly obstructing justice by giving Hughes Electronics information about the House Select Committee's investigation of the company."}, {'timestamp': '11-02-1997', 'event': 'PRC President Jiang Zemin completed his tour of the United States with a November 2–3 visit to Los Angeles.'}, {'timestamp': '03-27-1996', 'event': 'On March 27, Energy Department officials were notified by an American agent that it appeared the PRC recently stole U.S. neutron bomb secrets.'}, {'timestamp': '03-06-1999', 'event': "On March 6, The New York Times published an article entitled 'China Stole Nuclear Secrets From Los Alamos, U.S. Officials Say'."}, {'timestamp': '11-07-1997', 'event': "On November 7, 1997, Energy Secretary Federico Peña announced the department had taken actions to strengthen the safeguards and security at the department's defense nuclear facilities."}, {'timestamp': '04-13-1996', 'event': "On April 13, the Energy Department briefed the White House about the PRC's espionage at Los Alamos weapons lab."}, {'timestamp': '02-1996', 'event': 'Justice Department prosecutors who were investigating the company for possible violations of export law regarding the February 1996 failed rocket launch in China opposed this.'}, {'timestamp': '11-01-1995', 'event': "CIA Director Deutch informed Clinton's National Security Adviser Anthony Lake about the PRC's theft of America's nuclear weapon designs sometime in November 1995. The president was not briefed at that time."}, {'timestamp': '05-25-1999', 'event': "On May 25, the United States House of Representatives released the unanimously agreed upon Cox Report (AKA Report of the Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China) which detailed publicly for the first time China's espionage campaign against the United States."}, {'timestamp': '02-14-1996', 'event': "On February 14, a People's Liberation Army (PLA) space launch vehicle crashed, destroying the Loral Space & Communications satellite (Intelsat 708) it was carrying."}, {'timestamp': '07-01-1995', 'event': "Clinton's former Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary, Chief of Staff Leon Panetta, and deputy director of Central Intelligence George Tenet learned of the PRC's theft of America's nuclear warhead designs sometime in July 1995, but did not inform the President at that time."}, {'timestamp': '05-30-1997', 'event': 'On May 30, the FBI formally opened a criminal investigation into the theft of the W-88 nuclear design.'}, {'timestamp': '01-03-1999', 'event': "On January 3, the House Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China released their classified report on their findings regarding China's espionage campaign against the United States to government officials in Congress and the White House."}, {'timestamp': '06-01-1995', 'event': "Sometime in June, a walk-in agent for People's Republic of China intelligence services approached the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) office in Taiwan and provided them with an official PRC document classified 'Secret' that contained design information of all seven of America's nuclear warheads. President Bill Clinton's Director of Central Intelligence, John Deutch, was informed the following month."}]
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