| import torch |
| import gradio as gr |
| import faiss |
| import numpy as np |
|
|
| from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM |
| from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer |
|
|
| |
| GEN_MODEL_NAME = "google/flan-t5-small" |
| EMB_MODEL_NAME = "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2" |
|
|
| DEVICE = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" |
|
|
| tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(GEN_MODEL_NAME) |
| gen_model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(GEN_MODEL_NAME).to(DEVICE) |
| embedder = SentenceTransformer(EMB_MODEL_NAME, device=DEVICE) |
|
|
| DISCLAIMER = ( |
| "Disclaimer: This tool provides general health information only. " |
| "It does not give medical advice, diagnosis, or prescriptions. " |
| "Always speak to a qualified healthcare professional for personal medical concerns or emergencies." |
| ) |
|
|
| health_facts = [ |
| { |
| "id": 1, |
| "topic": "Hypertension", |
| "text": ( |
| "Hypertension is a long-term condition in which the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. " |
| "Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage blood vessels and organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. " |
| "Many people with hypertension do not have obvious symptoms, which is why it is sometimes called a 'silent killer', so regular blood pressure checks are important. " |
| "Lifestyle measures such as reducing salt intake, engaging in regular physical activity, managing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco products play a major role in controlling blood pressure." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 2, |
| "topic": "Diabetes", |
| "text": ( |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body does not use insulin properly or does not produce enough insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels over time. " |
| "If blood sugar remains high for many years, it can damage blood vessels and nerves, affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and feet. " |
| "People with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to adopt habits such as eating balanced meals with controlled portions, staying physically active, and attending regular medical checkups to monitor blood sugar and related complications. " |
| "Early detection, lifestyle changes, and appropriate medical follow-up can significantly reduce the risk of serious long-term problems." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 3, |
| "topic": "Pregnancy nutrition", |
| "text": ( |
| "During pregnancy, good nutrition supports the health of both the mother and the developing baby. " |
| "Balanced meals that include vegetables, fruits, whole grains, sources of protein, and healthy fats help supply essential vitamins and minerals. " |
| "Nutrients such as folic acid and iron are especially important in pregnancy because they support the baby’s development and help prevent certain birth defects and anemia. " |
| "Pregnant women are advised to avoid alcohol, smoking, and recreational drugs, and to discuss any supplements or herbal remedies with a qualified healthcare professional during antenatal visits." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 4, |
| "topic": "Vaccination", |
| "text": ( |
| "Vaccination is a safe and effective way to train the immune system to recognize and fight specific infections without causing the actual disease. " |
| "Many vaccines are given during childhood, but some are also recommended in adulthood, in pregnancy, and for people with certain health conditions. " |
| "Keeping vaccination schedules up to date helps protect not only the individual but also the wider community by reducing the spread of infectious diseases. " |
| "Delaying or skipping recommended vaccines can increase the risk of outbreaks and leave vulnerable groups, such as young children and older adults, unprotected." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 5, |
| "topic": "Common cold", |
| "text": ( |
| "The common cold is usually a mild infection of the nose and throat caused by viruses, often leading to symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, sneezing, and mild cough. " |
| "Most colds improve on their own within a week or two, and complications are uncommon in otherwise healthy people. " |
| "Simple measures such as resting, drinking enough fluids, and using home remedies for comfort can help people feel better while the body fights the infection. " |
| "Because the common cold is viral, antibiotics, which are designed to treat bacterial infections, do not cure it and are generally not needed." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 6, |
| "topic": "Asthma", |
| "text": ( |
| "Asthma is a long-term condition in which the airways become inflamed and narrow, making it harder for air to move in and out of the lungs. " |
| "People with asthma may experience episodes of wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, and shortness of breath, which can be mild or severe. " |
| "Common triggers include dust, smoke, cold air, respiratory infections, strong smells, and sometimes exercise. " |
| "Understanding personal triggers, avoiding them when possible, and following an asthma action plan from a healthcare professional helps reduce symptoms and improve quality of life." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 7, |
| "topic": "Malaria prevention", |
| "text": ( |
| "Malaria is a potentially serious disease transmitted by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, and it is common in many tropical and subtropical regions. " |
| "Early symptoms often include fever, chills, headache, and body pains, which can resemble other illnesses, so testing is important when malaria is suspected. " |
| "Prevention strategies include sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, using protective clothing, and reducing mosquito breeding sites such as stagnant water around the home. " |
| "Prompt testing and treatment when fever occurs in malaria-endemic areas help prevent severe illness and complications." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 8, |
| "topic": "Tuberculosis", |
| "text": ( |
| "Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that most often affect the lungs. " |
| "It spreads through the air when a person with active TB in the lungs coughs, sneezes, or speaks, and someone nearby breathes in the droplets. " |
| "Common symptoms include a persistent cough lasting more than a few weeks, chest pain, weight loss, night sweats, and fever. " |
| "Early detection, adherence to the full course of treatment prescribed by a healthcare professional, and support from TB programs are important to cure the disease and reduce transmission." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 9, |
| "topic": "HIV basics", |
| "text": ( |
| "HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system by attacking specific cells that help the body fight infections. " |
| "Without proper treatment and care, ongoing damage to the immune system can eventually lead to AIDS, which is the advanced stage of HIV infection. " |
| "HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles or sharp instruments that break the skin, and from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding without preventive measures. " |
| "Regular HIV testing, safer sex practices, and access to appropriate medical care help people living with HIV maintain their health and reduce the risk of transmission to others." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 10, |
| "topic": "Mental health", |
| "text": ( |
| "Mental health refers to a person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing how they think, feel, and behave in daily life. " |
| "Challenges such as prolonged sadness, strong anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, difficulty concentrating, or major changes in sleep and appetite can signal a mental health concern. " |
| "Life events, ongoing stress, physical illness, and social or economic pressures can all affect mental health. " |
| "Talking to trusted people, seeking professional support, and reducing stigma around mental health conditions are important steps in promoting overall wellbeing." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 11, |
| "topic": "Healthy eating", |
| "text": ( |
| "Healthy eating means choosing a variety of foods that provide the nutrients the body needs to function well and stay strong. " |
| "Meals that include vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans or lean animal proteins, and small amounts of healthy fats help support energy, growth, and disease prevention. " |
| "Limiting foods and drinks that are very high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats can reduce the risk of conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. " |
| "Regular meal patterns, mindful portion sizes, and drinking enough safe water are also important parts of a healthy eating routine." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 12, |
| "topic": "Physical activity", |
| "text": ( |
| "Physical activity includes any body movement that uses energy, from walking and household chores to structured exercise and sports. " |
| "Regular movement helps maintain a healthy weight, supports heart and lung function, strengthens muscles and bones, and can improve mood and sleep quality. " |
| "Even small amounts of daily activity are beneficial, especially for people who have been mostly inactive, and it can be built up gradually. " |
| "Choosing activities that are enjoyable and suitable for a person’s age and health status makes it easier to stay active over the long term." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 13, |
| "topic": "Childhood fever", |
| "text": ( |
| "Fever in children is usually a sign that the body is fighting an infection, which may be caused by viruses, bacteria, or other germs. " |
| "Caregivers should pay attention to the child’s overall behavior, ability to drink fluids, and level of alertness, not just the temperature reading. " |
| "Warning signs that require urgent medical attention include difficulty breathing, convulsions, persistent vomiting, inability to drink, unusual sleepiness, or a fever that lasts several days. " |
| "Keeping the child comfortable, offering fluids, and seeking professional advice when worried helps ensure that serious conditions are not missed." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 14, |
| "topic": "Diarrhoea and dehydration", |
| "text": ( |
| "Diarrhoea is the passing of loose or watery stools more often than usual and can be caused by infections, food-related issues, or other conditions. " |
| "One of the main dangers of diarrhoea, especially in young children and older adults, is dehydration, which happens when the body loses too much water and salts. " |
| "Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, reduced urination, unusual tiredness, dizziness, and in children, sunken eyes or a sunken soft spot on the head. " |
| "Offering safe fluids, watching for warning signs, and seeking medical care when diarrhoea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by blood or high fever are important steps." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 15, |
| "topic": "Menstrual health", |
| "text": ( |
| "Menstruation is a normal monthly process in people with a uterus, where the lining of the womb is shed if pregnancy has not occurred. " |
| "Cycle length and flow can vary between individuals, but sudden major changes, very heavy bleeding, or severe pain may require medical evaluation. " |
| "Using clean menstrual products, changing them regularly, and maintaining good personal hygiene help prevent irritation and infections. " |
| "Open, accurate information about menstruation supports dignity, reduces shame, and enables people to manage their periods safely and confidently." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 16, |
| "topic": "Oral and dental hygiene", |
| "text": ( |
| "Good oral hygiene helps keep the teeth, gums, and mouth healthy, which also supports overall wellbeing. " |
| "Brushing teeth at least twice a day with a suitable toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste helps remove food particles and plaque, reducing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. " |
| "Cleaning between the teeth, limiting sugary snacks and drinks, and visiting a dental professional for regular checks are also important. " |
| "Ignoring oral health problems can lead to pain, infection, tooth loss, and difficulties with eating and speaking." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 17, |
| "topic": "Smoking and health", |
| "text": ( |
| "Smoking exposes the body to many harmful chemicals that damage the lungs, heart, and blood vessels, and it greatly increases the risk of several cancers. " |
| "People who smoke are more likely to develop chronic respiratory diseases, heart disease, stroke, and complications from infections. " |
| "Stopping smoking, even after many years, brings health benefits, such as improved breathing, circulation, and reduced risk of heart attack and some cancers over time. " |
| "Support from healthcare professionals, support groups, and smoke-free environments can make it easier for people who smoke to reduce or quit." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 18, |
| "topic": "Alcohol and health", |
| "text": ( |
| "Alcohol affects the brain, liver, heart, and many other organs, and drinking large amounts or drinking frequently can harm physical and mental health. " |
| "Heavy or risky drinking is linked to liver disease, certain cancers, high blood pressure, injuries, violence, and relationship and work problems. " |
| "Some people are more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol due to age, health conditions, pregnancy, or the medicines they take. " |
| "Reducing alcohol intake, avoiding drinking in unsafe situations, and seeking help when alcohol use feels out of control can lower the risk of harm." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 19, |
| "topic": "Obesity and weight management", |
| "text": ( |
| "Obesity refers to having excessive body fat that may affect health and is often related to an imbalance between energy taken in from food and energy used by the body. " |
| "It increases the risk of several conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, joint problems, and some cancers. " |
| "Healthy weight management focuses on long-term habits, such as eating balanced meals, being physically active, getting enough sleep, and reducing long periods of sitting. " |
| "Small, realistic changes maintained over time tend to be more sustainable than extreme short-term diets." |
| ) |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": 20, |
| "topic": "Kidney health", |
| "text": ( |
| "The kidneys are organs that filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood and help regulate blood pressure, mineral balance, and red blood cell production. " |
| "Long-term uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, repeated kidney infections, and some medications or toxins can gradually damage the kidneys. " |
| "Early kidney problems often cause few or no symptoms, so regular checkups are important for people at higher risk. " |
| "Protecting kidney health includes managing chronic conditions with professional guidance, staying hydrated with safe fluids, and avoiding unnecessary use of substances that can harm the kidneys." |
| ) |
| }, |
| ] |
|
|
| corpus_texts = [item["text"] for item in health_facts] |
| corpus_embeddings = embedder.encode(corpus_texts, convert_to_numpy=True) |
|
|
| dimension = corpus_embeddings.shape[1] |
| index = faiss.IndexFlatL2(dimension) |
| index.add(corpus_embeddings) |
|
|
| unsafe_keywords = [ |
| "dose", "dosage", "mg", "milligram", "tablet", "capsule", |
| "prescribe", "prescription", "how many times", "self medicate", |
| "diagnose", "diagnosis" |
| ] |
|
|
| def is_potentially_unsafe(question: str) -> bool: |
| q_lower = question.lower() |
| return any(keyword in q_lower for keyword in unsafe_keywords) |
|
|
| def retrieve_facts(query: str, k: int = 3): |
| query_embedding = embedder.encode([query], convert_to_numpy=True) |
| distances, indices = index.search(query_embedding, k) |
| results = [] |
| for idx in indices[0]: |
| results.append(health_facts[idx]["text"]) |
| return results |
|
|
| def generate_answer_from_context(question: str, contexts, max_tokens: int = 200) -> str: |
| context_str = "\n\n".join(contexts) |
| prompt = f""" |
| You are a healthcare information assistant. Use ONLY the information in the context below to answer the user's question in simple language. |
| |
| Context: |
| {context_str} |
| |
| Rules: |
| - Do not make a diagnosis. |
| - Do not give medication doses or prescriptions. |
| - Encourage the user to talk to a qualified healthcare professional for personal decisions. |
| - If the answer is not in the context, say you are not sure and ask them to speak to a professional. |
| |
| Question: {question} |
| |
| Answer: |
| """ |
| inputs = tokenizer( |
| prompt, |
| return_tensors="pt", |
| truncation=True, |
| max_length=1024 |
| ).to(DEVICE) |
|
|
| with torch.no_grad(): |
| outputs = gen_model.generate( |
| **inputs, |
| max_new_tokens=max_tokens, |
| num_beams=4, |
| early_stopping=True |
| ) |
|
|
| answer = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True) |
| return answer.strip() |
|
|
| def health_qa_pipeline(question: str) -> str: |
| question = question.strip() |
| if len(question) == 0: |
| return "Please type a question." |
|
|
| if is_potentially_unsafe(question): |
| safe_msg = ( |
| "I cannot provide medication doses, prescriptions, or make diagnoses. " |
| "Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for that. " |
| "I can help with general information only." |
| ) |
| return f"{safe_msg}\n\n{DISCLAIMER}" |
|
|
| contexts = retrieve_facts(question, k=3) |
| answer = generate_answer_from_context(question, contexts) |
| return f"{answer}\n\n{DISCLAIMER}" |
|
|
| def qa_interface(question: str) -> str: |
| return health_qa_pipeline(question) |
|
|
| with gr.Blocks() as demo: |
| gr.Markdown("# 🧠 Health Facts Q&A Bot (Educational Only)") |
| gr.Markdown( |
| "Ask general health questions covered by the internal facts. " |
| "The bot uses retrieval augmented generation and will not give doses or diagnoses." |
| ) |
|
|
| question_box = gr.Textbox( |
| label="Your question", |
| placeholder="e.g. How can I reduce my risk of hypertension?", |
| lines=2 |
| ) |
| answer_box = gr.Textbox( |
| label="Answer", |
| lines=10 |
| ) |
| ask_button = gr.Button("Ask") |
|
|
| ask_button.click( |
| qa_interface, |
| inputs=question_box, |
| outputs=answer_box, |
| ) |
|
|
| if __name__ == "__main__": |
| demo.launch() |
|
|
