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<image>The diagram below shows a set of images of normal cell division within an animal. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. In cells 1 and 4, the ratio of the number of DNA molecules to chromosomes is 1:1, and the daughter cells of cell 2 are called secondary spermatocytes.
B. The daughter cells produced by cells 1, 2, 3, and 4 all contain homologous chromosomes.
C. Cell 1 divides to form somatic cells, and cell 4 divides to form sperm cells or polar bodies.
D. The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in cell 4, and the independent assortment of non-homologous chromosomes occurs in cell 2.
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A
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<image>The diagram below is a schematic of joint structure. Which of the following descriptions about animal movement and behavior is incorrect? ( ).
A. The formation of body movement requires skeletal muscle contraction under the stimulation of nerve impulses, pulling bones to move around the joint.
B. 2. Contains synovial fluid, which gives the joint flexibility, and 2. is enclosed by 3. and 5.
C. Feeding behavior ensures the survival of animals; rhythmic behavior keeps animals' lives in sync with the periodic changes in the environment.
D. Instinct and learning are the two most fundamental ways animals adapt to their environment.
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B
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<image>Experiments have shown that the short-distance transport of IAA occurs from cell to cell, and the carriers for input and output cells are different, with the output being related to PIN proteins. PIN proteins export IAA through exocytosis (dependent on auxin response factor ARF). Figure 2 shows part of the mechanism. According to the figure, which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. From Figure 1, it can be seen that the transport of IAA can only occur from the morphological upper end to the lower end of the coleoptile.
B. IAA, AUX/IAA, and TIR1 proteins combine to promote IAA export.
C. Although the carriers for input and output cells of IAA are different, both consume ATP.
D. An increase in the content of TPL and AUX/IAA protein complexes aids in the export of IAA.
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D
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<image>Curve models can be used to analyze related biological phenomena. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. If x represents light intensity and y represents net photosynthetic rate, then a can represent the light compensation point, and b can represent the light saturation point.
B. If x represents substance concentration and y represents the rate of substance absorption, then the factor limiting the transmembrane transport rate at point b is the number of carriers.
C. If x represents temperature and y represents the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, then c represents the optimal temperature for enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
D. If x represents time and y represents the value of intracellular free water/bound water, then the metabolic intensity of the cell gradually weakens from a to b.
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A
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<image>Disease A and Disease B are both single-gene genetic disorders. The pedigree of a certain family is shown below, where individual II<sub>4</sub> does not carry the pathogenic gene for Disease A. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. Disease A is an autosomal recessive disorder, and Disease B is an X-linked recessive disorder.
B. The probability that II<sub>1</sub> and III<sub>5</sub> have the same genotype is 1/4.
C. The offspring of II<sub>3</sub> and II<sub>4</sub> theoretically have 9 genotypes and 4 phenotypes.
D. If the sex chromosome composition of III<sub>7</sub> is XXY, the most likely source of the abnormal gamete is the mother.
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D
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<image>The diagram represents a part of the process of specific immunity in the body. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. Process I is part of humoral immunity, and process II is part of cellular immunity.
B. The binding of antibodies to antigens and the binding of cell $$d$$ to target cells are both specific.
C. Process I and process II function independently in the human immune system.
D. Cell $$c$$ is a plasma cell, and cell $$d$$ is an effector $$T$$ cell.
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C
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<image>The diagram shows a set of images related to cell division within the same species of animal. Which of the following statements is correct? ( ) (1) It is impossible for the above cells to appear simultaneously in a female animal. (2) Cells with homologous chromosomes are 2 and 3. (3) The ratio of chromosome number: DNA number: chromatid number is not equal to 1:2:2 in 1 and 4. (4) Cells undergoing meiosis are 2 and 4.
A. (1)(2)
B. (2)(3)
C. (1)(3)
D. (3)(4)
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D
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<image>When a specific part of an isolated nerve fiber is appropriately stimulated, a temporary change in potential occurs across the cell membrane at the stimulated site, generating a nerve impulse. Diagram A represents the structure of the cell membrane at this site. Diagram B shows the changes in potential difference across the membrane before and after stimulation. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. At point a, K<sup>+</sup> moves from side 2 to side 1 of the cell membrane
B. The formation of the resting potential may be related to II on the membrane
C. During the process from b to c, a large amount of Na<sup>+</sup> moves from side 1 to side 2 of the cell membrane
D. At point b, the potential on side 1 of the cell membrane is higher than on side 2
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D
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<image>The diagram illustrates the change in the content or synthesis of a certain substance within an organism after a change in conditions. Which of the following corresponds incorrectly to the change in content or synthesis over time with the change in conditions? ( )
A. Iodine deficiency in food -- content of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in animals
B. Feeding thyroid hormone -- content of thyroid-stimulating hormone in animals
C. Decrease in temperature -- content of abscisic acid in plants
D. Unilateral light exposure -- content of auxin on the shaded side of plants
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B
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<image>The diagram below represents a reflex arc and a locally enlarged view of nerve fibers. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. In diagram A, the structure indicated by 1 belongs to the receptor of the reflex arc.
B. In structure 6 of diagram A, the mode of signal conversion is electrical signal → chemical signal → electrical signal.
C. Between the excited area and the adjacent unexcited area, charge movement occurs due to the potential difference, forming a local current.
D. If diagram B represents the distribution of charges inside and outside the membrane at the moment the nerve fiber is stimulated, then a and c are excited areas.
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D
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<image>The diagram illustrates an experiment using E. coli to investigate the method of DNA replication. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The experiment results can be obtained by detecting radioactivity intensity.
B. In tube 3, both strands of the DNA in band b contain <sup>14</sup>N.
C. If tube 3 is absent, separating the DNA in tube 2 into single strands and then performing density gradient centrifugation can prove that DNA replication is semi-conservative.
D. (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sup>35</sup>SO<sub>4</sub> and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sup>32</sup>SO<sub>4</sub> can be used to replace <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>Cl and <sup>14</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>Cl in the experiment.
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A
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<image>The image shows the effects of several hormones on blood sugar levels. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. These three hormones have a synergistic effect on raising blood sugar levels.
B. Compared to glucagon, adrenaline has a more prolonged effect on raising blood sugar levels.
C. The target cells for glucagon and adrenaline in raising blood sugar levels are completely different.
D. Cortisone has a significant promoting effect on the actions of the other two hormones.
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C
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<image>The diagram shows the process of gene function and trait expression. According to the diagram, which of the following is incorrect? ( )
A. Process 1 is transcription, which uses one strand of DNA as a template and four types of ribonucleotides as raw materials to synthesize RNA.
B. Process 3 only requires mRNA, amino acids, ribosomes, enzymes, and ATP to complete.
C. A gene mutation occurs on a segment of DNA, but the resulting protein may not necessarily change.
D. Cystic fibrosis is directly controlled by genes affecting traits, causing changes in structural proteins.
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B
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<image>The diagram shows the formation process of an egg and early embryo in a certain mammal ($$N$$ represents the chromosome set). Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. Cell III can only form a mature egg under the influence of a sperm.
B. Half of the genetic material in Cell IV comes from Cell III, and the other half comes from the sperm.
C. During the cleavage of Cell IV, the volume of each cell continuously increases.
D. During embryo splitting, the inner cell mass of the gastrula must be equally divided.
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A
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<image>In the phototropism experiment conducted on oat coleoptiles as shown in the diagram (where the foil cover is opaque and the mica sheet is impermeable), which of the following can bend towards the light source? ( )
A. A, B
B. B, C
C. C, D
D. A, D
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B
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<image>As shown in the diagram: In diagram A, 1 and 2 represent the eyepiece, 3 and 4 represent the objective lens, and 5 and 6 represent the distance between the objective lens and the slide. Diagrams B and C represent images observed under different objective lenses. The correct description is ( )
A. The magnification of 2 is smaller, and the magnification of 3 is greater than that of 4
B. To switch the specimen in the field of view from diagram B to C, you should use 3 and simultaneously raise the tube
C. To switch from diagram B to C, the correct adjustment sequence is: rotate the turret → adjust the diaphragm → move the specimen → rotate the fine focus knob
D. To observe the maximum number of cells, the combination generally used in diagram A is 2, 3, 5.
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A
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<image>Analyzing the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes, which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. b forms the basic framework of the biological membrane and is unrelated to the selective permeability of the cell membrane.
B. The more types and quantities of d on the cell membrane, the more complex the functions of the cell membrane.
C. a is on the outside of the cell membrane.
D. d affects both the fluidity of the biological membrane and its selective permeability.
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A
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<image>The process of the bacteriophage infection experiment proving that DNA is the genetic material is shown in the diagram. The incorrect description of this experiment is ( )
A. The first step of the experiment uses bacteriophages labeled with <sup>32</sup>P
B. The second step is controlled within a certain time to allow the bacteriophage to complete infection without the bacterial cells breaking
C. The purpose of stirring in the third step is to separate the bacteria from the bacteriophage outside the bacteria (bacteriophage coat)
D. A small amount of bacteriophage not separating from the bacteria results in a small amount of radioactivity in the precipitate
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A
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<image>The diagram illustrates the basic steps in the formation of a new species. Which analysis of the diagram is incorrect? ( )
A. a represents mutation and genetic recombination, providing raw materials for biological evolution.
B. b represents reproductive isolation, which is a hallmark of new species formation.
C. c represents the formation of a new species, which cannot exchange genes with the original species.
D. d represents geographic isolation, and the formation of a new species necessarily requires geographic isolation.
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D
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<image>The spines of cucumbers are controlled by two pairs of independently inherited alleles (A and a, B and b), where gene B can inhibit the expression of gene A, as shown in the diagram. Now, two varieties with genotypes AABB and aabb are crossed to obtain F<sub>1</sub>, and F<sub>1</sub> is self-crossed to obtain F<sub>2</sub>. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The phenotype of F<sub>1</sub> is large-spined cucumber
B. The ratio of large-spined cucumbers to small-spined cucumbers in F<sub>2</sub> is 3:5
C. The genotype of large-spined cucumbers in F<sub>2</sub> is AAbb or Aabb
D. There are 5 types of genotypes for small-spined cucumbers in F<sub>2</sub>
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C
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<image>The diagram shows the division of a spermatogonium cell of an animal with a chromosome number of $$2m$$ and a nuclear $$\text{DNA}$$ number of $$2n$$. Two pairs of genes, $$\text{A}$$, $$\text{a}$$ and $$\text{B}$$, $$\text{b}$$, are located on two pairs of homologous chromosomes. 1 and 3 represent the stage where the centromeres of the chromosomes are moving towards the poles (crossing over is not considered). Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The genotypes of the other 3 sperm cells produced simultaneously with the sperm cell in the diagram are $$\text{aB}$$, $$\text{aB}$$, $$\text{Ab}$$.
B. Homologous chromosomes are present in both 1 and 2, but not in 3. The chromosome number in 1, 2, and 3 is $$2m$$.
C. 1 contains 4 sets of chromosomes, while 2 and 3 each contain 2 sets of chromosomes.
D. The separation of alleles and the independent assortment of non-allelic genes on non-homologous chromosomes occur in the cell shown in 2.
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B
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<image>The diagram shows a partial schematic of energy flow in an ecosystem, where 1, 2, and 3 each represent certain energy values. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The relationship of predation and being preyed upon among organisms cannot be reversed, so energy flow is unidirectional.
B. Represents the total energy flowing through the ecosystem.
C. Generally, 2 is 10% to 20% of 1.
D. From the perspective of energy relationships: 1 > 2 > 3.
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B
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<image>Two types of cells have the following characteristics. Based on the characteristics given in the table, which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Cell I is a prokaryotic cell and could be cyanobacteria.
B. Cell II is a eukaryotic cell and could be a plant root tip cell.
C. The DNA of both types of cells is mainly distributed on chromosomes.
D. Cell II appeared later than Cell I in the fossil record.
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C
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<image>The diagram shows the relationship between substances in chloroplasts and mitochondria within a mesophyll cell of a leaf. The production and reaction sites of substances a to c are shown in the diagram. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The production of substance a is accompanied by the production of NADPH
B. b is glucose, which can directly enter the mitochondria for oxidative breakdown
C. Increasing the light intensity appropriately accelerates the consumption rate of substance c in the chloroplast
D. When the production and consumption rates of substance c in the mesophyll cell are equal, the leaf may need to consume external substance a
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B
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<image>The table below compares the structure and function of various organelles. Which of the following is correct? ( )
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
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D
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<image>Research shows that 'regulatory T cells' can suppress immune responses, preventing excessive immune reactions from damaging the body's own tissues and organs. The number of regulatory T cells is determined by two proteins with opposite functions: Mcl-1 and Bim (as shown in the figure). If the activity of the Mcl-1 protein is lost, which of the following diseases is most likely to occur ( )
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Rheumatic heart disease
C. Congenital lymph node hypoplasia
D. AIDS
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B
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<image>The diagram illustrates the periodic changes in chromosomes during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The duration of the cell cycle is the same for all cells of the same organism.
B. In higher animal cells, the centrosome replicates during the c~d period.
C. In plant cells, the activity of the Golgi apparatus increases during the a~b period.
D. The differences in the mitosis process between animal and plant cells occur during the e~a period.
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C
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<image>Some animal cells are placed in a beaker containing a high concentration of sugar solution, as shown in the figure, where only water molecules can pass through the cell membrane. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The high concentration of sugar solution causes the animal cells to lose water and shrink.
B. Water molecules cannot move from the animal cells into the beaker.
C. The animal cells absorb water through osmosis and increase in volume.
D. The animal cells will undergo plasmolysis.
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A
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<image>The diagram shows the positional relationship of certain genes and chromosomes in an animal cell. M, m, and N, n represent two pairs of homologous chromosomes, while A, a, and B, b represent alleles. The following analysis of the cell division situation in some cells of the animal's testis is reasonable ( )
A. Under normal circumstances, if a cell contains these 8 chromosomes: MMmmNNnn, then this cell is in the anaphase of mitosis
B. Under normal circumstances, if a cell's genotype is AABB, then this cell is called a primary spermatocyte
C. During the formation of secondary spermatocytes, the chromosomes in the diagram undergo replication, synapsis, and centromere division
D. Genes on chromosomes M and N may undergo crossing over
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A
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<image>The diagram shows an experiment schematic for 'Isolation and Counting of Urea-Decomposing Bacteria in Soil'. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The dilution factor of the sample in test tube 3 is 10<sup>3</sup> times
B. The average number of colonies obtained from the plate culture using the dilution from test tube 4 is about 10 times that of test tube 5
C. The results from test tube 5 indicate that there are 1.7×10<sup>8</sup> bacterial strains per gram of soil
D. The results obtained from this experimental method often tend to be higher than the actual number of viable bacteria
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B
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<image>The SARS virus is a single-stranded +RNA virus. This +RNA can serve as mRNA to translate proteins and also as a template to synthesize -RNA. The diagram shows the replication process of the SARS virus. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The proportion of purines required in process 1 is the same as the proportion of purines required in process 2.
B. The template, raw materials, and ribosomes required in process 3 are all provided by the host cell.
C. Single-stranded -RNA is essential in the life activities of the SARS virus.
D. The enzyme involved in processes 1 and 2 is RNA polymerase, which acts on the phosphodiester bond.
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D
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<image>The diagram shows a pair of homologous chromosomes and their alleles in the primary oocyte of a certain animal (genotype AaBb). Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. This cell can ultimately produce 4 types of gametes
B. The variation shown in the diagram can be observed under a light microscope
C. Genetic recombination has occurred between the two pairs of genes shown in the diagram
D. The segregation of the B and b genes occurs only in the anaphase of the first meiotic division
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C
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<image>The image shows the experimental results of how temperature affects the catalysis of sucrose decomposition by sucrase. In the experiment, the substrate amount is sufficient, and other conditions are the same and suitable. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The optimal temperature for this enzyme is 40°C
B. Sucrase provides activation energy to the sucrose molecules
C. Under the condition of 40°C, the enzyme-catalyzed reaction rate remains basically unchanged during the period from t<sub>1</sub> to t<sub>2</sub>
D. When the 80°C experimental group is transferred back to 40°C, the reaction products will increase
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C
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<image>The genotype of a certain diploid male animal is AaBb. The diagram shows part of the chromosomes (including a pair of sex chromosomes) in a cell of this individual that is in a state of division. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. Chromosomal structural variation occurred during the formation of this cell
B. This cell is in the anaphase of the second meiotic division
C. This cell contains 3 sets of chromosomes and 6 chromosomes
D. The genotypes of the gametes formed by the division of this cell are aBX<sup>A</sup>, aBX, AbX, bX
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A
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<image>When constructing the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, some "passages" were designed to allow animals to cross. The image shows one of them. Doing this ( ) 1. Can reduce the construction investment of the railway 2. Can ensure the normal life, free migration, and reproduction of rare wild animals like Tibetan antelopes 3. Is beneficial for maintaining ecological balance 4. Is beneficial for protecting biodiversity
A. 1.2.3.
B. 1.3.4.
C. 1.2.4.
D. 2.3.4.
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D
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<image>Artemisinin is primarily used for symptom control of malignant malaria and treatment of chloroquine-resistant strains. To rapidly detect artemisinin, researchers used cell engineering technology to prepare monoclonal antibodies against artemisinin. The basic operation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. In step 1, after injecting the corresponding antigen, cells can be extracted from the mouse spleen.
B. In step 2, inactivated viruses can be used to induce fusion, and in step 5, the operation is simpler if conducted in vivo.
C. In step 3, selective media is commonly used, and in step 4, antigen-antibody hybridization technology is often used.
D. The screening methods in steps 3 and 4 are different, and the genetic material of cells C and D is also different.
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A
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<image>Assume that in a certain population, only individuals with the genotype $$\text{Aa}$$ exist. Due to changes in external factors, this population is divided into two populations, A and B. The diagram shows the change in the frequency of gene $$\text{A}$$ in the two populations after the split. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. At time $$\text{T}$$, the frequency of the heterozygous genotype in populations A and B is the same.
B. At time $$\text{T}$$, after mixing populations A and B, the frequency of gene $$\text{A}$$ is $$0.5$$.
C. At time $$\text{T}$$, populations A and B begin to exhibit reproductive isolation.
D. The environment directly influences gene frequency through selection on genotypes.
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A
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<image>A research team conducted an experiment to investigate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the growth of a certain unicellular green alga under normal temperature conditions and low-temperature stress. The results are shown in the figure. Which of the following conclusions cannot be drawn? ( )
A. Under low-temperature stress, ABA can induce the synthesis of IAA to promote growth.
B. ABA can counteract the damage caused by low-temperature stress to algae.
C. Under normal temperature conditions, ABA inhibits the growth of algae.
D. The synthesis of ABA may increase when naturally growing algae encounter low temperatures.
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A
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<image>The image shows a cell diagram observed by a student during an experiment on 'plasmolysis and deplasmolysis in plant cells' using the outer epidermal cells of a purple onion bulb scale. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. In the diagram, 1, 2, 3, and 6 together form the cell's protoplast layer.
B. In the diagram, 1 is mainly composed of cellulose, and 6 is filled with a sucrose solution.
C. In the diagram, the concentration of the solution at 6 is definitely greater than at 7.
D. In the diagram, during plasmolysis, the color at 7 gradually becomes lighter.
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B
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<image>Protein molecules can be hydrolyzed by peptidases, and which peptide bond is hydrolyzed depends on the type of peptidase. Peptidase $$\text{P}$$ can cleave the peptide bond formed between the amino group of an amino acid with side chain $$\text{R}_{4}$$ and the carboxyl group of the adjacent amino acid. The following statement is incorrect ( )
A. The peptide chain shown in the figure is formed by the dehydration condensation of five amino acids.
B. Complete hydrolysis of this peptide chain requires $$4$$ water molecules.
C. This peptide chain contains at least $$1$$ free amino group and $$1$$ free carboxyl group.
D. Peptidase $$\text{P}$$ can catalyze the cleavage of the chemical bonds indicated by arrows $$1$$ and $$3$$.
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D
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<image>The diagram shows the process and function of synthesizing a certain polymer protein related to magnetic field recognition in the retinal cell nucleus of a domestic pigeon. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. There are no M and R genes or polymer proteins in the muscle cells of domestic pigeons.
B. The synthesis of the polymer in retinal cells requires two physiological processes: transcription and translation.
C. The inability of domestic pigeons to fly normally may be related to structural abnormalities in the M and R genes.
D. Tying a small magnetic needle to the leg of a domestic pigeon may affect its flight direction.
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A
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<image>Which of the following statements about the diagram of Drosophila somatic cell chromosomes is incorrect? ( )
A. This diagram represents the chromosome composition of a female Drosophila somatic cell
B. This diagram represents the chromosome composition of a male Drosophila somatic cell
C. There are 4 pairs of chromosomes in the somatic cells of Drosophila
D. The X chromosome and Y chromosome are a pair of sex chromosomes
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A
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<image>Nostoc colonies appear black-blue and hair-like; lettuce is a green plant. Both are favored by people due to their names sounding like 'prosperity' and 'wealth' respectively. Which of the following is a common feature of Nostoc and lettuce? ( )
A. They are eukaryotic organisms
B. They contain chloroplasts
C. They are autotrophic organisms
D. They have a nuclear membrane
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C
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<image>After HIV infects the human body, the flow direction of its genetic information is shown in the diagram. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. Processes 1 and 2 synthesize DNA molecules by unwinding and replicating simultaneously
B. In process 4, genetic information flows from mRNA to tRNA, and then to protein
C. Process 3 can synthesize the RNA of the progeny HIV
D. Process 1 occurs inside the virus, while processes 2, 3, and 4 occur inside the human body
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C
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<image>Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone in plants with various functions. It has been confirmed through research that ABA enhances plant cold resistance by reducing the relative electrolyte permeability of leaves through decreasing cell membrane permeability. A research team conducted two experiments using several healthy rice seedlings to verify ABA's enhancement of plant cold resistance. First, they performed a 48-hour pretreatment at room temperature with different concentrations of ABA. After completing the second treatment, they measured the relative electrolyte permeability of the leaves as shown in the figure. Which of the following related analyses is incorrect? ( )
A. The second treatment involved placing the seedlings in low-temperature conditions for a period of time.
B. Rice seedlings treated with 10<sup>-5</sup> mol/L abscisic acid had the highest cold resistance.
C. Abscisic acid enhances plant cold resistance by directly participating in cell metabolism.
D. It is speculated that the synthesis of abscisic acid in plants increases under cold conditions, with synthesis sites being the root cap and wilting leaves.
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C
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<image>The diagram shows changes in certain characteristics of plant communities in the southern grassland region of Ningxia over different years of land restoration. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The succession of communities on the restored grassland is secondary succession.
B. The community succession in this region will definitely result in the formation of a forest.
C. The changes in the richness index and aboveground biomass are roughly positively correlated with the years of land restoration.
D. After land restoration, the resistance stability of this grassland region shows an upward trend.
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B
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<image>As shown in the diagram, there are two reproductive processes of sheep ($$c$$ is a mammary gland cell). Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The $$a$$ cell must be capacitated before it can fuse with the $$b$$ cell.
B. Among the $$a$$ to $$e$$ cells, only $$d$$ has homologous chromosomes.
C. The acquisition of individuals $$1$$ and $$2$$ may both involve embryo transfer technology.
D. The formation process of individuals $$1$$ and $$2$$ involves cell division, differentiation, aging, and apoptosis.
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B
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<image>When the skeletal muscle is rapidly stretched, a potential change process is recorded at point d. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The receptor is located within the skeletal muscle.
B. When the skeletal muscle is stretched, neurotransmitters can be detected at point c.
C. From a to d forms a complete reflex arc.
D. Point d is located on the efferent nerve.
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C
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<image>The diagram shows the hydrolysis of substance S into P under the catalysis of enzyme E. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Enzyme E can provide activation energy for the reaction.
B. If S is maltose, Fehling's reagent can be used to detect the formation of P.
C. The hydrolysis products of enzyme E are substances such as H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub>.
D. If S represents a dipeptide, then E and P can respectively represent peptidase and amino acids.
|
D
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<image>In plants, sucrose synthesized in mesophyll cells is continuously transported out and then translocated by sieve tubes to other parts for storage and utilization. The diagram illustrates the transmembrane transport of sucrose molecules and related processes. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The functions of the sucrose carrier and ATPase are the same
B. The transport of sucrose in the diagram is related to H<sup>+</sup>, and the transport of K<sup>+</sup> is related to ATP
C. Sucrose cannot be processed into brown sugar, white sugar, or rock sugar
D. A higher pH in mesophyll cells is conducive to the export of sucrose molecules
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B
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<image>As shown in the figure, the 'Ice Bucket Challenge' is a charitable activity aimed at raising awareness about a rare disease known as 'ALS' (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), while also raising funds to help with treatment. When a bucket of ice water is poured over the head, a normal body will react in a series of ways. Based on this, which of the following descriptions is incorrect? ( )
A. The capillaries in the skin constrict, blood flow decreases, and heat loss is reduced.
B. Through pathways 1, 3, and 4, the secretion of thyroid hormones and adrenaline increases.
C. After the ice water is poured, the body's heat loss increases, heat production also increases, and body temperature remains normal.
D. The secretion of the endocrine glands in the figure involves hierarchical regulation and feedback regulation mechanisms.
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B
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<image>Researchers conducted the following experiments to investigate the 'substance that induces the maturation of early oocytes (maturation-promoting factor)'. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. Experiment one is the experimental group, experiment two is the control group
B. The cytoplasm of early oocytes contains maturation-promoting factors
C. It is speculated that the chemical nature of the 'maturation-promoting factor' is progesterone
D. Progesterone has the effect of inducing the synthesis of the 'maturation-promoting factor'
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D
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<image>Facilitated diffusion requires the assistance of carrier proteins or channel proteins on the cytoplasmic membrane. As shown in figures A and B, they respectively represent two types of facilitated diffusion: carrier-mediated and channel-mediated. The diffusion speed of channel-mediated diffusion is much faster than that of carrier-mediated diffusion. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The transport rate of this process is completely positively correlated with the concentration difference across the membrane
B. Both carrier proteins and channel proteins have a certain degree of specificity
C. In both methods A and B, there is a process of solute molecules binding to the corresponding proteins
D. This process requires energy consumption
|
B
|
|
<image>The diagram shows the process of excitation conduction along a nerve fiber. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. An action potential peak appears at point b
B. The potential at point a is mainly dependent on the outflow of Na<sup>+</sup>
C. The generation of potential at point b does not consume ATP
D. When in the state at point c, there is transmembrane ion transport in the cell
|
B
|
|
<image>Auxin can promote plant cell growth, and its mechanism of action is shown in the diagram. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. Auxin binds to cell membrane receptors, triggering the active transport of H<sup>+</sup> outwards
B. The cell wall undergoes structural changes under acidic conditions, leading to cell expansion and growth
C. The regulatory effect of auxin depends on intracellular signal transduction
D. Auxin directly regulates gene expression by binding to membrane receptors
|
D
|
|
<image>Albinism is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, while Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by muscle degeneration. The diagram below is a pedigree chart of a family investigated by researchers for DMD. It is known that individuals II<sub>3</sub> and II<sub>9</sub> do not carry any pathogenic genes. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The gene related to DMD is a recessive gene on the X chromosome.
B. The probability that II<sub>8</sub> is homozygous is 0.
C. The probability that IV<sub>19</sub> is heterozygous is 5/8.
D. IV<sub>22</sub> having DMD could be due to the loss of one X chromosome.
|
C
|
|
<image>There are three test tubes A, B, and C. First, add 2mL of soluble starch solution to each test tube, then follow the steps shown in the diagram, and finally test with Fehling's reagent. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. Comparing test tubes A and B shows that enzymes have specificity.
B. Comparing test tubes A and C shows that enzyme activity is affected by temperature.
C. The experimental result is that a brick-red precipitate appears in test tubes B and C.
D. A brick-red precipitate will appear in test tube A.
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram shows a simplified process for producing fuel ethanol. Analyze the diagram and identify the incorrect statement ( )
A. To obtain microorganism A, it is advisable to collect soil samples from soil rich in cellulose.
B. The microorganism B commonly used in process 2 in the diagram is yeast.
C. Microorganism A and microorganism B utilize the same carbon source.
D. Cellulase preparations can be used to replace the function of microorganism A.
|
C
|
|
<image>As shown in the figure below, a semipermeable membrane is installed at point $$c$$ in the middle of a U-shaped tube. On side $$a$$, an aqueous solution of cytochrome $$c$$ (a protein with a relative molecular mass of 13,000 Daltons) is added (red in color). On side $$b$$, pure water is added, and the liquid levels on sides $$a$$ and $$b$$ are made equal. After some time, the experimental result is ( )
A. The liquid levels on both $$a$$ and $$b$$ are equal, and side $$b$$ is colorless
B. The liquid levels on both $$a$$ and $$b$$ are equal, and side $$b$$ is red
C. The liquid level on side $$a$$ is lower than on side $$b$$, and side $$b$$ is red
D. The liquid level on side $$a$$ is higher than on side $$b$$, and side $$b$$ is colorless
|
D
|
|
<image>The biological meaning represented in the diagram is incorrect ( )
A. If 1 represents the biological membrane system of a eukaryotic cell, 2-4 can respectively represent the cell membrane, organelle membrane, and nuclear membrane
B. If 1 represents the modes of transmembrane transport, 2-4 can respectively represent passive transport, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis
C. If 1 represents the types of RNA, 2-4 can respectively represent tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA
D. If 1 represents heritable variation, 2-4 can respectively represent gene mutation, gene recombination, and chromosomal variation
|
B
|
|
<image>Lactase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose. There are two related experiments, with all other experimental conditions set to optimal conditions. The experimental results are as follows. Which of the following analyses is correct?
A. In Experiment 1, if the enzyme concentration is further increased, the relative reaction rate will no longer increase.
B. In Experiment 1, increasing the lactose concentration will decrease the relative reaction rate.
C. In Experiment 2, if the lactose concentration is further increased, the relative reaction rate will no longer increase.
D. In Experiment 2, if the reaction temperature is increased by 5°C, the relative reaction rate will increase.
|
C
|
|
<image>The correct statement about compounds in human cells in the table is ( )
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram represents a model of the action of a certain type of enzyme. This model cannot explain ( )
A. Enzymes have specificity
B. A represents the enzyme
C. The vast majority of enzymes are proteins
D. The structure of the enzyme does not change before and after the reaction
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram shows the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion in the human body, where A, B, and C represent the corresponding glands, and a, b, c represent the corresponding hormones. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. Among the three hormones a, b, and c, the target cells of hormone c are the most widespread in the human body.
B. The chemical nature of hormones a, b, and c is all protein.
C. In patients with significantly lower than normal levels of hormone c, injecting hormone a can help determine whether the lesion is in gland A or B.
D. This diagram illustrates hierarchical regulation and feedback regulation of hormone secretion.
|
B
|
|
<image>The diagram shows the structure of the cell membrane and the modes of transmembrane transport of substances. Numbers represent structures, and letters represent substances. Which of the following explanations is incorrect? ( )
A. The molecular structure of 1. differs among different types of cells.
B. The arrangement of 2. is the same in all cell membrane structures.
C. The substances transported from low concentration to high concentration are a and c.
D. The substances transported from high concentration to low concentration are b and d.
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram below shows the regulation process of pancreatic islet B cells on liver cell metabolism. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The receptor on liver cells that receives hormone stimulation is a glycoprotein.
B. After receiving hormone signals, liver cells accelerate the uptake, utilization, and conversion of glucose.
C. The organelles directly involved in the synthesis and secretion of hormones include ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
D. Liver cells cannot synthesize insulin because they do not have the insulin gene.
|
D
|
|
<image>In the observation of two fields of view under a microscope, where cell A is the main object of observation, the correct sequence of operations when moving from field of view A to field of view B is 1. Rotate the coarse focus knob 2. Rotate the fine focus knob 3. Adjust the diaphragm 4. Rotate the nosepiece 5. Move the slide.
A. 2.3.4.
B. 1.2.
C. 4.3.2.
D. 5.1.2.
|
C
|
|
<image>As shown in the diagram, the process flowchart is for an experiment using the shoot tip cells of a corn seedling ($$2\text{N}=20$$) with the genotype $$\text{BbTt}$$. Which of the following is incorrect? ( )
A. Genetic recombination occurs in process 2 of the diagram. In process 3, chromatids can be observed under a microscope during prophase and metaphase.
B. The principle of using colchicine to cultivate polyploids is that it can inhibit the formation of the spindle apparatus.
C. Plant A, being a diploid, can have up to $$4$$ sets of chromosomes in its somatic cells. Plant C is a haploid, and its developmental starting point is a gamete.
D. The greatest advantage of using seedling 2 for breeding is the significant shortening of the breeding cycle. The probability of plant B being homozygous is $$25\%$$.
|
D
|
|
<image>The diagram shows a submicroscopic structural model of a certain eukaryotic cell. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The process of mitosis is related to structure 3.
B. It is mainly composed of DNA and proteins.
C. The energy required for the cell's life activities is provided by structure 6.
D. This cell is a lower plant cell.
|
D
|
|
<image>The diagram below shows the process of certain substance changes during cell metabolism. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The ATP produced in process 5 in mesophyll cells can be used for the reduction of C<sub>3</sub> in process 6.
B. In human cells, processes 2 and 5 occur in different locations, but both can synthesize ATP.
C. Processes 1, 4, and 5 all require the participation of oxygen to proceed normally.
D. In eukaryotic cells, the enzymes catalyzing processes 1, 2, and 3 are all located in the cytosol.
|
D
|
|
<image>The main function of lysosomes is phagocytosis and digestion. There are two types of phagocytosis: one is autophagy; the other is heterophagy, as shown in the figure. Based on this, please determine which of the following statements is incorrect ( ).
A. The removal of aging organelles within the cell is achieved through autophagy.
B. Lysosomes are involved in the processing of antigens.
C. The fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes demonstrates the fluidity of biological membranes.
D. Phagocytes specifically recognize antigens through phagocytosis.
|
D
|
|
<image>The diagram illustrates the process of material exchange between cells in the human body and the external environment. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. a, b, and c represent blood, lymph, and tissue fluid, respectively, and together they form the internal environment of the human body.
B. When the concentration of inorganic salts in a is too high, certain cells in the hypothalamus will increase their secretion.
C. Under normal circumstances, after eating, the insulin content in a will continuously increase.
D. The direct fluid from which human cardiac muscle cells absorb oxygen is b.
|
B
|
|
<image>The diagram shows a part of the specific immune response process in the human body. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. Cell C is specific and has receptors on its cell membrane that can specifically bind to antigens.
B. Compared to Cell A, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in Cell C are more developed.
C. The completion of process 4 requires the participation of proteins on the cell membrane.
D. After HIV invades the human body, both processes shown in the diagram will occur.
|
A
|
|
<image>The diagram represents the basic steps in the formation of a new species. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. Natural selection determines the direction of biological variation and evolution, thereby leading to the formation of biodiversity.
B. Due to changes in the gene frequency of a population, evolution will inevitably lead to the formation of new species.
C. Geographic isolation can cause differences in the gene pool of a population, inevitably leading to reproductive isolation.
D. Once reproductive isolation is established between two populations, these two populations belong to two different species.
|
D
|
|
<image>The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a synapse. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. When the electrical signal reaches '1', it relies on the chemical substances in structure '3' to transmit to II, but it converts back to an electrical signal upon reaching II.
B. The only type of synaptic connection is axon-to-cell body.
C. The chemical nature of the structure on '6' that can bind with the substances inside '3' is glycoprotein, which has specificity.
D. The presence of a large number of '2' indicates that this process requires energy consumption.
|
B
|
|
<image>A certain genetic disorder is controlled by a pair of alleles. The following is a pedigree chart for this genetic disorder, where individual 3 does not carry the pathogenic gene, and an ultrasound has detected that individual 7 is pregnant with twins. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. This disorder is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder.
B. The probability that individual 5 and a normal male will have a child with the disorder is 25%.
C. An ultrasound can diagnose whether the fetus carries the pathogenic gene.
D. If the twins in the chart are fraternal twins, the probability that both are normal is 25%.
|
D
|
|
<image>Regarding the descriptions of the following four diagrams, which one is correct? ( )
A. Substance A is the genetic material in eukaryotic cells
B. The monosaccharide that makes up substance C is deoxyribose or ribose
C. Hemoglobin composed of diagram B contains the element Fe
D. The main compound detected in germinating wheat seed cells is sucrose
|
C
|
|
<image>The experiment measured the content of three major types of organic compounds in the dry seeds of wheat, soybean, and peanut as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. The Fehling's solution A and B, used for identifying reducing sugars, can be directly used for protein identification.
B. When testing for the presence of fat in cells using peanuts, a microscope is needed, and Sudan IV staining solution can be used.
C. Adding Fehling's solution to the ground filtrate of wheat seeds and heating in a water bath results in a brick-red color.
D. The amount of O<sub>2</sub> required for germination of the same mass of the three seeds is different, with peanuts requiring the least.
|
B
|
|
<image>"Aerobic exercise" has become a popular term in recent years, gaining the endorsement of many scholars and experts. It refers to a state of physiological balance where the oxygen intake of the human body equals its demand. The diagram shows the relationship between exercise intensity and the levels of lactic acid and oxygen consumption rate in the blood. Based on the knowledge learned, which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. Segment $$ab$$ represents aerobic respiration, segment $$bc$$ represents both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and segment $$cd$$ represents anaerobic respiration.
B. After the exercise intensity exceeds $$c$$, the production of $$\ce{CO_{2}}$$ in muscle cells will be greater than the consumption of $$\ce{O_{2}}$$.
C. Anaerobic respiration causes most of the energy in organic matter to be lost as heat, with the remainder stored in $$\text{ATP}$$.
D. If the exercise intensity exceeds $$c$$ for a long time, a large accumulation of lactic acid will cause muscle soreness and fatigue.
|
D
|
|
<image>The following represents an experiment regarding auxin research. Which of the following statements about the experimental results is correct? ( )
A. The coleoptile placed in M grows slower than the one placed in N
B. The coleoptile placed in N grows slower than the one placed in M
C. The coleoptile placed in M bends to one side while the one placed in N does not bend
D. The coleoptile placed in N bends to one side while the one placed in M does not bend
|
B
|
|
<image>The diagram below is a schematic representation of the transmission of excitation between neurons. Which description of this diagram is incorrect?
A. Neurotransmitters are released from location 1.
B. The energy required for excitation transmission mainly comes from location 4.
C. Excitation can be transmitted bidirectionally between locations 1 and 3.
D. At location 1, excitation is converted from an electrical signal to a chemical signal.
|
C
|
|
<image>In the diagram, 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all coleoptiles with their tips removed. The tip of 2 is an ordinary agar block, while the agar blocks on the tips of 3 and 4 have previously had coleoptile tips placed on them. Which coleoptiles can grow upright and which can grow bent? ( )
A. 4, 3.
B. 3, 4.
C. 2, 3.
D. 3, 2.
|
B
|
|
<image>In a study of human genetic diseases, a family was found to have individuals with genetic disease A (genes A, a), genetic disease B (genes B, b), and genetic disease C (genes D, d). The pedigree chart is shown in the image. It is known that disease A is a sex-linked genetic disease, and both I-1 and I-2 do not carry the pathogenic gene for disease C. All three genetic diseases are single-gene disorders. Without considering new gene mutations within the family, which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The inheritance pattern of disease A is X-linked dominant inheritance.
B. If II-7 carries the pathogenic gene for disease B, the genotype of II-6 is DDBbX<sup>A</sup>X<sup>a</sup>.
C. If II-7 does not carry the pathogenic gene for disease B, the variation causing III-13 to have two genetic diseases occurs during the first meiotic division.
D. If III-18 marries a carrier of the d gene and they have a phenotypically normal son, the probability that the son carries the d gene is \frac{3} {5}
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram illustrates the experimental process of breeding a new rice variety with large panicles (D) and disease resistance (tt) from two rice varieties: large panicles (D) without disease resistance (T) and small panicles (d) with disease resistance (t). Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. This breeding method is not suitable for breeding poultry and livestock.
B. Through hybridization, the relevant traits located in different parents are concentrated in F<sub>1</sub>.
C. Recombinant types will appear in F<sub>2</sub>, so selection often starts from F<sub>2</sub>.
D. Individuals in F<sub>2</sub> that exhibit excellent traits are the desirable superior varieties.
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram represents the structure of a cell nucleus. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. It is a structure composed of RNA and proteins.
B. It is the site for storage and replication of genetic material and serves as the control center of the cell.
C. The structure shown in the diagram can only be seen in eukaryotic cells using an electron microscope.
D. The nuclear membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules, and macromolecules such as proteins and RNA can pass through the nuclear pores to enter and exit the nucleus.
|
C
|
|
<image>The graph below shows the respiration curve of yeast using glucose as a substrate. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. Point A is where yeast aerobic respiration is weakest
B. Segment AC indicates that yeast can produce alcohol
C. Segment AC indicates that yeast only undergoes anaerobic respiration
D. The shaded area represents the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> produced by yeast anaerobic respiration
|
C
|
|
<image>Scientists provided mammary gland cells of mammals with amino acids labeled with 35S, and measured the changes in the area of various membrane structures during the synthesis and secretion of mammary gland proteins by the cells. The results are shown in the figure. Which of the following options correctly represents the names of the membrane structures a, b, and c, and the order in which the radioactive label appears?
A. a Ribosome → b Endoplasmic Reticulum → c Golgi Apparatus
B. a Endoplasmic Reticulum → b Golgi Apparatus → c Cell Membrane
C. a Golgi Apparatus → c Endoplasmic Reticulum → b Cell Membrane
D. a Endoplasmic Reticulum → c Golgi Apparatus → b Cell Membrane
|
D
|
|
<image>The diagram is a schematic representation of simulated respiratory movements. Which of the following statements is correct? ( ).
A. The balloon simulates the lungs, and the rubber membrane simulates the diaphragm.
B. Diagram A simulates exhalation, with the diaphragm contracting.
C. Diagram B simulates inhalation, with the diaphragm relaxing.
D. This model can simulate changes in the anteroposterior diameter of the thoracic cavity.
|
A
|
|
<image>Transport proteins can be divided into carrier proteins and channel proteins. When a nerve cell is excited, Na<sup>+</sup> enters the cell in large quantities along the concentration gradient. This process requires the assistance of transport proteins, but the transport proteins do not bind with Na<sup>+</sup>. Which of the following options in the diagram represents Na<sup>+</sup> entering the cell? ( )
A.
B.
C.
D.
|
B
|
|
<image>The diagram represents a protein molecule composed of 100 amino acids. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
A. This molecule contains 98 peptide bonds.
B. This protein contains at least 4 free carboxyl groups.
C. These 100 amino acids contain at least 100 carboxyl groups.
D. These 100 amino acids contain at least 102 amino groups.
|
D
|
|
<image>A certain type of fly is a destructive parasite of poultry. Two groups of flies with the same population size were treated separately with insecticides and ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation can cause male flies to become sterile. The experimental results are shown in the figure. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. Using ionizing radiation to induce genetic mutations that cause male sterility is called artificial mutagenesis.
B. If a different insecticide is used on group a starting from the 7th generation, it is expected that the population change curve from the 7th to the 14th generation will be similar to curve b in the figure.
C. The gradual increase in population after treating the first generation with insecticide is the result of individuals with drug resistance being preserved and continuing to reproduce through directional natural selection.
D. Using ionizing radiation is more effective than insecticides for exterminating flies and can also avoid pollution, thus protecting the environment.
|
B
|
|
<image>The diagram represents the energy pyramids of two specific ecosystems, A and B. Which of the following explanations is correct? ( ) 1. A person who eats corn will definitely obtain more energy than a person who eats beef. 2. Energy flows unidirectionally along the food chain, and the transfer efficiency decreases progressively with each higher trophic level. 3. If the amount of corn in A and B is the same, and A can support 10,000 people, then B can support at least 500 people.
A. 1, 3.
B. 1, 2, 3.
C. 2, 3.
D. 3.
|
D
|
|
<image>The following are images of cells from a certain diploid higher animal at different stages of division. The incorrect statement is ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.
A. The cells cannot be plasma cells or effector T cells
B. Cells containing two sets of chromosomes are 1, 2, and 3
C. The daughter cells produced by cell division can only be polar bodies
D. Independent assortment of non-allelic genes on non-homologous chromosomes is occurring in the cells
|
B
|
|
<image>Regarding the description of the protein in the diagram below, which of the following is correct? ( )
A. The R group contains a total of 17 amino groups
B. There are a total of 126 peptide bonds
C. It contains two peptide chains
D. A total of 125 water molecules are removed during the formation of this protein
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram shows some steps related to an experiment with onions. Based on the diagram, which of the following is correct? ( )
A. Experiments 1-4 do not require a separate control group to eliminate the interference of unrelated variables.
B. The purpose of the absorbent paper in step 2 is to absorb excess sucrose solution.
C. In step 5, rinsing can wash away excess stain.
D. Cell B has 4 sets of chromosomes, and homologous chromosome pairing occurs in the stage before A.
|
A
|
|
<image>The diagram shows the relationship between the amount of product formed by an enzyme at different temperatures and time. Which of the following information cannot be obtained from the diagram? ( )
A. The optimal temperature range for the enzyme reaction
B. Enzyme inactivation due to heat
C. The relationship between the amount of product formed and time in the enzyme reaction
D. The relationship between the reaction rate and the amount of enzyme
|
D
|
|
<image>Acute promyelocytic leukemia is the most dangerous type of leukemia. The pathogenesis is shown in the diagram. Academician Wang Zhenyi, the recipient of the 2010 National Highest Science and Technology Award, invented the "induced differentiation therapy" which combines the use of retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide to treat this disease. Retinoic acid modifies PML-RARa, causing cancer cells to redifferentiate and "return to normal"; arsenic trioxide can induce the degradation of this oncoprotein, causing partial differentiation of cancer cells and eventually leading them to apoptosis. Which of the following analyses is incorrect? ( )
A. This leukemia is caused by chromosomal variation in promyelocytes.
B. This leukemia is related to the production of new genes in promyelocytes.
C. Both retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide alter the DNA structure of cancer cells.
D. "Induced differentiation therapy" will effectively reduce the accumulation of cancer cells in the patient's bone marrow.
|
C
|
|
<image>The diagram shows a typical cell nucleus and its surrounding structures. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ( )
A. The connection between 1 and 5 makes the relationship between the cytoplasm and the nuclear material closer.
B. 2 in the diagram is the nuclear pore complex, which allows not only material exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm but also information exchange.
C. If 4 inside the nucleus is damaged, the synthesis of proteins in the cell will not proceed normally.
D. The cell nucleus is the control center of cellular life activities and the metabolic center of the cell.
|
D
|
|
<image>Figure A shows a longitudinal section of a curved part of a seedling under a microscope; Figure B is a graph showing the effect of auxin concentration on the growth of a certain tissue in the seedling. Analyze the following statements to determine which is correct ( )
A. If Figure A shows the curved part of a coleoptile growing towards light under unilateral illumination, then the left side is the light-facing side and the auxin concentration is higher on the right side.
B. If Figure A shows the curved part of a decapitated coleoptile with an auxin-containing agar block placed on the cut surface, it may have been exposed to unilateral light on the left side of the coleoptile.
C. If Figure A shows the curved part of a root growing towards gravity, then the auxin concentration on the left side may be c in Figure B, and on the right side, it may be m, demonstrating the dual nature of auxin's effects.
D. If Figure A shows the curved part of a stem growing away from gravity and the auxin concentration on the right side is m in Figure B, then the auxin concentration on the left side is greater than m.
|
C
|
|
<image>The table below shows the concentrations of substances M and N in the plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine of a normal person. Based on this table ( )
A. M is glucose, N is protein
B. M is glucose, N is urea
C. M is urea, N is protein
D. M is urea, N is glucose
|
D
|
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