andrewcropper/ilp-datasets

Relational learning datasets

A collection of 55 relational learning and inductive logic programming (ILP) datasets.

Datasets

Dataset	Domain	Description	Tasks
1d	Visual Reasoning	1D-ARC grid transformation tasks (Xu et al., AAAI 2023)	18 types × 50 instances
aids	Molecular	Antiviral activity against HIV (Riesen & Bunke, SSPR/SPR 2008)	1
alzheimer	Molecular	Drug design for Alzheimer's disease, source attributed to King et al. 1995	4
arc1	Visual Reasoning	Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (Chollet, arXiv 2019)	2
arc2	Visual Reasoning	Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (Chollet, arXiv 2019)	1120
biodegradability	Molecular	Aerobic aqueous biodegradability prediction (Džeroski et al., Applied AI 1998)	1
bongard	Visual Reasoning	Visual concept learning in the Bongard style (Nie et al., NeurIPS 2020)	12
bzr	Molecular	Benzodiazepine receptor binding (Sutherland et al., J. Chem. Inf. 2003)	1
chebi_1624	Molecular	ChEBI ontology molecular classification (Hastings et al., NAR 2016)	1808
chess	Games	King-Rook vs King endgame (Michie et al., UCI ML Repository 1994)	3
chess_tactics	Games	Tactical theme classification from the Lichess open puzzle database, CC0	9
clevr	Visual Reasoning	Visual reasoning tasks derived from CLEVR (Johnson et al., CVPR 2017)	130
conceptarc	Visual Reasoning	ConceptARC benchmark (Moskvichev et al., arXiv 2023)	16
conceptnet	Knowledge Graph	ConceptNet 5.5 commonsense relation prediction (Speer et al., AAAI 2017)	10
cora	Graph Structure	Author-field token classification in bibliographic references (McCallum et al., 2000; Kok & Domingos, ICML 2005)	1
cox2	Molecular	Cyclooxygenase-2 binding (Sutherland et al., J. Chem. Inf. 2003)	1
dhfr	Molecular	Dihydrofolate reductase binding (Sutherland et al., J. Chem. Inf. 2003)	1
drugdrug	Graph Structure	Drug-drug interaction prediction (Dhami et al., Smart Health 2018)	1
ecoli	Molecular	Structure-activity relationships: E. coli, pyrimidines, triazines (Muggleton et al., ML Workshop 1992)	3
fb15k	Knowledge Graph	Freebase 15K link prediction (Bordes et al., NeurIPS 2013)	237
flashfill	Program Synthesis	FlashFill Excel string transformations (Gulwani, POPL 2011)	15
geoi_lp	Other / Synthetic	GeoILP synthetic rule induction benchmark (Chen et al., ICLR 2025)	1042
grapheval	Graph Structure	LeetCode graph algorithm problems, GraphEval36K benchmark (Wu et al., arXiv 2024)	40
hepatitis	Molecular	Hepatitis subtype classification (Motl & Schulte, arXiv 2015)	1
iggp	Games	Inductive General Game Playing — 50 diverse games (Cropper et al., Machine Learning 2020)	340
imdb	Knowledge Graph	IMDB movie industry relational learning (Blockeel & De Raedt, AI 1998)	3
iparc	Visual Reasoning	ILP-flavoured ARC challenge (Challa et al., ILP 2022)	6
jr	Program Synthesis	List function tasks (Rule et al., Nature Communications 2024)	250
kandinsky	Visual Reasoning	Kandinsky pattern concept learning (Müller & Holzinger, AIJ 2021)	24
kinship	Knowledge Graph	Family relationship learning (Hinton, CogSci 1986)	7
legal2logic	Other / Synthetic	Legal2Proleg statutory rule learning (Xue et al., arXiv 2026)	18
lpp	Games	Logic program policies for games (Silver et al., AAAI 2020)	5
mesh	Graph Structure	Mesh dataset from the IC London ILP dataset collection	1
mini-arc	Visual Reasoning	Miniature ARC tasks (Kim et al., NeurIPS Workshop 2022)	149
mol	Molecular	Molecular property prediction, OGB collection (Hu et al., NeurIPS 2020)	61
mutag	Molecular	Mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds (Debnath et al., J. Med. Chem. 1991)	1
nations	Knowledge Graph	Political/economic/military relations between 14 countries (Rummel, Sage 1972; Kok & Domingos, ICML 2007)	55
nci1	Molecular	NCI anti-cancer activity benchmark (Wale et al., KAIS 2008)	1
nci109	Molecular	NCI anti-cancer activity benchmark, companion to NCI1 (Wale et al., KAIS 2008)	1
peptides_func	Molecular	Peptide functional classification, LRGB (Dwivedi et al., NeurIPS 2022)	10
protein	Molecular	Protein function classification from the IC London ILP dataset collection	1
PTC	Molecular	Predictive Toxicology Challenge carcinogenicity (Helma et al., Bioinformatics 2001)	1
qm9	Molecular	Quantum chemistry molecular properties (Ramakrishnan et al., Sci. Data 2014)	15
relbench	Other / Synthetic	RelBench relational database prediction tasks (Robinson et al., arXiv 2024)	59
satellite	Graph Structure	Satellite dataset from the IC London ILP dataset collection	1
stepgame	Spatial Reasoning	Multi-step spatial relational reasoning (Shi et al., AAAI 2022)	9
strings	Program Synthesis	Character-level string transformations (Cropper, IJCAI 2019)	329
tox21	Molecular	Toxicology across 12 assays, OGB (Hu et al., NeurIPS 2020)	12
toxicology	Molecular	Carcinogenicity in rodents, CTU Prague (Helma et al., Bioinformatics 2001)	1
trains	Games	Trains classification (Larson & Michalski, SIGART 1977)	4
uwcse	Knowledge Graph	UW-CSE university department advisedby prediction (Richardson & Domingos, ML 2006)	1
wn18rr	Knowledge Graph	WordNet 18 Reduced Relations link prediction (Dettmers et al., AAAI 2018)	11
yago3_10	Knowledge Graph	YAGO3 knowledge graph, 10 high-frequency relations (Mahdisoltani et al., CIDR 2015)	10
yeast	Molecular	Yeast gene function classification (Struyf et al., ECML 2006)	1
zendo	Visual Reasoning	Zendo concept learning game (Bramley et al., CogSci 2018)	14
zinc250k	Molecular	ZINC250k drug-likeness properties (Gómez-Bombarelli et al., ACS Cent. Sci. 2018)	3

Total: 56 datasets, 6131+ tasks

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Format

Each task directory contains three files:

• bk.pl — background knowledge (ground facts)
• exs.pl — positive and negative examples
• bias.pl — hypothesis search space (head/body predicates, types, formatted for the Popper system.)