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"content": "Main Document Index | ETOL Home Page | RH Vol.2 No.4 On the Nature of Revolutionby Zheng Chaolin From Revolutionary History, Vol.2 No.4, Spring 1990. Used by permission.On the Nature of Revolution is an extract from an article published in the bulletin of the minority tendency of the Chinese Trotsky... |
{
"content": "Let us turn to China. The Guomindang is not against all revolutions. It opposes only a proletarian Socialist revolution in China. Indeed, it massacred the worker and peasant masses in the name of ‘national revolution’ (that is a bourgeois democratic revolution in English). It was the Stalinist party tha... |
{
"content": "This was Trotsky’s position as well as Lenin’s. The Old Bolshevik Preobrazhensky (though he later joined the Left Opposition) did not understand Lenin’s method. He wrote to Trotsky saying that ‘Your basic error lies in the fact that you determine the character of a revolution on the basis of who makes i... |
{
"content": "Is this land reform [nationalisation of the land] possible within capitalism? Not only is this possible, it will be the most perfect and most thorough-going ideal capitalism. Marx made this point in the Poverty of Philosophy, and demonstrated it in Capital Volume 3, and clearly expanded it especially in... |
{
"content": "Main Document Index | ETOL Home Page Chen Duxiu and the Trotskyistsby Zheng ChaolinContentsPart One: From the Moscow Group to the Chen Duxiu GroupThe Cadres Who Returned from Moscow in 1924 The Theory of National Revolution The Central Force in the Party The Moscow Group SplitsPart Two From the Chen D... |
{
"content": "The students who returned to China from Moscow in 1924 (including the first half of 1925) were united as one and worked in close concert. They had received a common schooling, and just before returning they had received special training; their views on the theory of the Chinese Revolution and on methods... |
{
"content": "But after the decision to cooperate with the Guomindang had been taken and implemented and after the alliance between the Guomindang and Russia, when the Soviets sent advisers to China plus funds and weaponry to help the Guomindang, the old tactical formula was no longer enough and the question had to b... |
{
"content": "Peng Shuzhi was unlikely to oppose the idea of uniting the Moscow people around Chen Duxiu and using Chen’s name to control the “feudal lords”: of setting up a central force in the CCP to control the rest of it. The reason he didn’t actively support Luo’s proposal was certainly not because he was agains... |
{
"content": "The first people to split away were those in the group under Chen Yannian. Chen Yannian (Secretary of the Southern Regional Committee), Mu Qing (head of the Organisational Bureau), and Huang Guozuo (alias Huang Ping, head of the Propaganda Bureau) had all returned from Moscow, where they had studied and... |
{
"content": "The second group to split away from the Moscow group were leading members of the Youth League. The Youth League turned against Chen Duxiu much later than the Guangdong cadres. I can’t say for sure when the split began, but it was probably not until 1926. After the Fourth Congress of the CCP, the Youth L... |
{
"content": "By the time that Chen and Peng arrived in Wuhan, Qu’s pamphlet attacking Peng had already appeared, and so had Mao’s Report on an Investigation of the Hunan Peasant Movement. The mood against right-opportunism had already been manufactured in Wuhan. I delayed leaving Shanghai for Wuhan until late April;... |
{
"content": "In the two months or more between the Fifth Congress and the August 7 Conference, the balance of power on the Central Committee changed greatly. The Qu-Zhang-Tan alliance had already come apart. Qu Qiubai now occupied the leading role, Zhang and Tan had marched South with the Ye-He army, Borodin had gon... |
{
"content": "Wang Ruofei worked out a plan to get Chen Duxiu back onto the Central Committee, but nothing came of it. The first obstacle was the Comintern. It was precisely the Comintern, precisely Stalin, that forced Chen Duxiu to “throw away his official’s hat” in early July, 1927; Chen had no choice but to resign... |
{
"content": "The new organ no longer used the name Guide Weekly but called itself Bolshevik. I wrote an article for the founding issue titled What Next for the Chinese Revolution after the Betrayal of the Revolution by the Guomindang? The article concluded that the revolution had already been defeated, and that we w... |
{
"content": "In the first six months after the move to Shanghai, three people were very friendly to me: Qu Qiubai, Luo Yinong, and Wang Ruofei. All of them wanted to win me over, but I kept a certain distance from them. I knew about Wang Ruofei and Chen Qiaonian’s campaign, but I took no part in it. Wang never tried... |
{
"content": "In early 1929, the Jiangsu Provincial Committee and the Central Committee clashed. There was a struggle, and the Jiangsu Committee even declared its “independence”. I forget what the conflict was about, but it was personal rather than political. Li Lisan and Xiang Ying on the Politburo had both worked i... |
{
"content": "The Military Committee of the Central Committee under Zhou Enlai did everything in its power to rescue us, and some social contacts of mine and Cai Zhende’s helped too, so except for Zhang Yisen, who spent several months in gaol, the rest of us left the Garrison Headquarters’ detention centre at Longhua... |
{
"content": "After reading each of Trotsky’s documents, Chen would raise a disagreement, and then they would argue with him; but by the next time he came he would have abandoned his previous disagreement and would raise a new one on the shoulders of their old argument. In the course of his gradual conversion to thei... |
{
"content": "All of us Chen Duxiu-ites became Trotskyists, but our motives, goals, and emphases were by no means identical. Roughly speaking, we were of two main sorts. One stressed the practical movement and recognized that given the defeat of the revolution, we should now conduct peaceful and legal campaigns, deep... |
{
"content": "At present the main issues concerning the Chinese Revolution are: (1) Will the revolutionary power issuing from the future third revolution be a workers and peasants’ democratic dictatorship or a proletarian dictatorship? (2) Should we now directly prepare an armed insurrection, or should we raise polit... |
{
"content": "Evelyn RoyThe Metamorphosis of Mr C. Das\tSource: Labour Monthly, Vol. 4, June 1923, No. 6, pp. 363-376.\tTranscription: Ted Crawford\tHTML Markup: Brian Reid\tPublic Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and... |
{
"content": "There is little that is new. His speech at Dehra Dun, the statement to the Press at Amraoti, and the statement of policy in Calcutta appear to have been incorporated bodily in this wider and all-comprehensive document, wherein its author conscientiously attempts to indicate a new path for the national m... |
{
"content": "Throughout the pages of Indian history I find a great purpose unfolding itself . . . . The great Indian nationality is in sight. It already stretches its hands across the Himalayas, not only to Asia, but to the whole world; not aggressively, but to demand its recognition and to offer its contribution . ... |
{
"content": "And yet Deshbandhu Das and his associates are playing out their unconscious rôle as the leaders of India’s bourgeois revolution against the decayed feudal autocracy of the native princes, and the absolutism of the imperial overlord. The Congress and its leaders are but the tools and instruments of those... |
{
"content": "I am further of the opinion that the Congress should take up the work of Labour and peasant organisation�. Is the service of this special interest in any way antagonistic to the service of nationalism? To find bread for the poor, to secure justice to a class of people who are engaged in a particular cla... |
{
"content": "The new party will, I think, whole-heartedly favour the formation of Labour unions and peasant unions. And while the formation of co-operative societies may represent its constructive activity, its destructive activity may, if occasion demands it, be represented by the advocacy of Labour strikes for a j... |
{
"content": "MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn RoyThe ColoniesThe Struggle of the Akali Sikhsin the Punjab(13 October 1922)From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 88, 13 October 1922, pp. 669–670.Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive.Public Domain: Marxists I... |
{
"content": "Thereupon, between the latter part of 1920 to February 1921, several shrines were seized by orderly detachments of Akalis, who would descend suddenly and in a body upon the unprepared Mahant, demand the keys, evict him and take possession. The first to be captured in this manner was the famous “Golden T... |
{
"content": "Meanwhile, the situation is described as “critical”. Battles are being fought, not alone at Guru ka Bagh, but in other parts of the Punjab, where the Akali bands have repeated their attempts to oust the mahants and put themselves in possession of the temple lends. Such lawless actions form stepping ston... |
{
"content": "MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn RoyPoliticsMr. Montagu, Martyr(22 March 1922)From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 27, 15 April 1922, p. 203.Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive.Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2020). You may freely... |
{
"content": "And only then was Mr. Montagu deprived of his office, as candy is taken from a baby, because forsooth, the naive infant forbore to consult the Cabinet before the publication of that transcendent telegram from the Government of India demanding, on behalf of Indian Mohammedans, “the evacuation of Constant... |
{
"content": " Evelyn Roy Letter to Henk Sneevliet \tSource: Transcribed from a photocopy contained in the Evelyn Trent Collection, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Thursday4-9-24.Dear Jack Horner[1] � Arrived and was safely met. It is very peaceful here and I like Com. Betsy very much. But I am... |
{
"content": "Evelyn RoyAn Indian Communist Manifesto Written: Drafted in Berlin, en route from Mexico to Moscow for the II Congress of the Comintern. First Published: Glasgow Socialist, 24 June 1920.\tSource: Transcription sent by British intelligence agents, contained in \"Nai-HPD, August 1920, File No. 110, We... |
{
"content": "The bourgeois nationalist movement cannot be significant to the world proletarian struggle or to the British working class, which is learning the worthlessness of mere political independence and sham representative government under capitalism. But the Indian proletarian movement is of vital interest. T... |
{
"content": " Evelyn Roy Letter to Henk Sneevliet \tSource: Transcribed from a photocopy contained in the Evelyn Trent Collection, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Paris Dec. 9 [1924]Dear Jack Horner,[1]Got your letter through the comrade. The Com. who came from Hamburg did not bring any news f... |
{
"content": "MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn RoyThe ColoniesMota Singh, Leader of the Indian Peasants(1 September 1922)From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 75, 1 September 1922, pp. 563–564.Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive.Public Domain: Marxists In... |
{
"content": "The daily misery of his people ate into his thoughts, but these found no outward expression until the dramatic march of the northern peasantry on that April day in 1910, to Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, to protest against the passing of the Rowlett Bill which placed all India under martial law. The peac... |
{
"content": "Evelyn RoyIndian Political Exiles in France\t\t\tSource: Labour Monthly, Vol. VII, April 1925, No. 4.\tTranscription/HTML Markup: Brian Reid\tPublic Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2007). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works.... |
{
"content": "A third case, now occupying the attention of the Indian public, is that of Mr. Moti Lal Roy, political exile in Chandernagore from British India, the founder of an Ashram or religious school, and editor of a newspaper Prabartak. Mr. Mod Lal Roy is a highly religious man, whose pupils revere him as a “gu... |
{
"content": "My expulsion can only be attributed to foreign pressure brought to bear upon the French Government, as it was brought to bear upon the American, Mexican, German and Swiss Governments. The French authorities know whence this pressure comes, but it is difficult to believe that France has voluntarily agree... |
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