Sentence Similarity
sentence-transformers
Safetensors
bert
feature-extraction
Generated from Trainer
dataset_size:48
loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
Eval Results (legacy)
text-embeddings-inference
Instructions to use vineet10/fm2 with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- sentence-transformers
How to use vineet10/fm2 with sentence-transformers:
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer model = SentenceTransformer("vineet10/fm2") sentences = [ "The Supplier shall deliver the Batteries to the Manufacturer within 5 days of receipt of each monthly purchase order.", "What rights does the Manufacturer have regarding the inspection and rejection non-conforming Batteries?", "What is the Delivery Schedule for the Batteries?", "What constitutes a force majeure event under the Agreement?" ] embeddings = model.encode(sentences) similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) print(similarities.shape) # [4, 4] - Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
metadata
base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@3
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@3
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@3
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_map@100
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:48
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: >-
The Supplier shall deliver the Batteries to the Manufacturer within 5 days
of receipt of each monthly purchase order.
sentences:
- >-
What rights does the Manufacturer have regarding the inspection and
rejection non-conforming Batteries?
- What is the Delivery Schedule for the Batteries?
- What constitutes a force majeure event under the Agreement?
- source_sentence: >-
The Client will pay a flat fee of Rs. 52,000/-, with 50% (Rs. 26,000/-)
due upon signing the agreement and the remaining 50% due one week after
completion of pre-production. Payment delays will result in proportional
delays in data delivery and editing.
sentences:
- >-
What are the specified payment terms for the photography services under
this contract?
- >-
What actions can a user take if the platform is unable to fulfill a
successfully placed order?
- >-
What is the delivery schedule for the Batteries once the purchase order
is received?
- source_sentence: >-
Users can contact Customer Care before confirmation to request a refund
for offline services or reschedule for online services, subject to the
platform's discretion.
sentences:
- >-
How does Paratalks handle refund requests made before a service
professional confirms a booking?
- >-
What is the total quantity of electric vehicle batteries that the
Supplier agrees to supply to the Manufacturer?
- >-
What are the conditions under which a user is not entitled to a refund
according to Paratalks' refund policy?
- source_sentence: >-
In the event of a material breach of this Agreement by either Party, the
non-breaching Party shall be entitled to pursue all available remedies at
law or in equity, including injunctive relief and damages.
sentences:
- Under what conditions may this agreement be terminated?
- What events constitute Force Majeure under this Agreement?
- >-
What remedies are available to a non-breaching Party in the event of a
material breach of the Agreement?
- source_sentence: >-
No refund shall be issued in case wrong contact details are provided by
the User or the User's device being unreachable, or any other technical
glitch attributable to the User. Additionally, no refund shall be issued
for any live-session or call, whether audio or video, once the call or
live-session is connected.
sentences:
- >-
What deductions may be applied when processing refunds according to
Paratalks' refund policy?
- >-
What are the initial job title and duties of the Employee as stated in
the employment agreement?
- >-
What circumstances lead to no refund being issued to a User according to
the Refund Policy?
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
results:
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 768
type: dim_768
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.19999999999999998
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09999999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.7321315434523954
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.638888888888889
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.638888888888889
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 512
type: dim_512
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.19999999999999998
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09999999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.7321315434523954
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.638888888888889
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.638888888888889
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 256
type: dim_256
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.27777777777777773
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.19999999999999998
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09999999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.7747853857295762
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.7000000000000001
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.7000000000000001
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 128
type: dim_128
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.27777777777777773
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.16666666666666666
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09999999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.7604815838011495
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.6851851851851851
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.6851851851851851
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 64
type: dim_64
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.6666666666666666
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.6666666666666666
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.2222222222222222
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.13333333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.08333333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.5
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.6666666666666666
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.6666666666666666
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.8333333333333334
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.66452282344658
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.611111111111111
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.6262626262626262
name: Cosine Map@100
SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
Model Details
Model Description
- Model Type: Sentence Transformer
- Base model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
- Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
- Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
- Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Model Sources
- Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
- Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
- Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face
Full Model Architecture
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
Usage
Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
pip install -U sentence-transformers
Then you can load this model and run inference.
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("vineet10/fm2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
"No refund shall be issued in case wrong contact details are provided by the User or the User's device being unreachable, or any other technical glitch attributable to the User. Additionally, no refund shall be issued for any live-session or call, whether audio or video, once the call or live-session is connected.",
'What circumstances lead to no refund being issued to a User according to the Refund Policy?',
'What are the initial job title and duties of the Employee as stated in the employment agreement?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
Evaluation
Metrics
Information Retrieval
- Dataset:
dim_768 - Evaluated with
InformationRetrievalEvaluator
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 1.0 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 1.0 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.2 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.1 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 1.0 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 1.0 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7321 |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.6389 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.6389 |
Information Retrieval
- Dataset:
dim_512 - Evaluated with
InformationRetrievalEvaluator
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 1.0 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 1.0 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.2 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.1 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.3333 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 1.0 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 1.0 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7321 |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.6389 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.6389 |
Information Retrieval
- Dataset:
dim_256 - Evaluated with
InformationRetrievalEvaluator
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 1.0 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.2778 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.2 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.1 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 1.0 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7748 |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.7 |
Information Retrieval
- Dataset:
dim_128 - Evaluated with
InformationRetrievalEvaluator
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.2778 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.1667 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.1 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 1.0 |
| cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7605 |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.6852 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.6852 |
Information Retrieval
- Dataset:
dim_64 - Evaluated with
InformationRetrievalEvaluator
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.6667 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.6667 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.2222 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.1333 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0833 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.5 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 0.6667 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 0.6667 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 0.8333 |
| cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.6645 |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.6111 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.6263 |
Training Details
Training Dataset
Unnamed Dataset
- Size: 48 training samples
- Columns:
contextandquestion - Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
context question type string string details - min: 18 tokens
- mean: 41.0 tokens
- max: 85 tokens
- min: 8 tokens
- mean: 17.88 tokens
- max: 32 tokens
- Samples:
context question The contract is governed by the laws of India, and any disputes shall be resolved exclusively by the courts in Kota.What is the jurisdiction and governing law applicable to this contract?The Parties shall maintain the confidentiality of all proprietary and confidential information disclosed by one Party to the other Party in connection with this Agreement.How should proprietary and confidential information disclosed under the Agreement be treated by the Parties?No refund shall be provided for any products or merchandise that is purchased by the User from or through the Platform.What is the refund policy for products or merchandise purchased by the User through the Platform? - Loss:
MultipleNegativesRankingLosswith these parameters:{ "scale": 20.0, "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" }
Training Hyperparameters
Non-Default Hyperparameters
eval_strategy: stepsper_device_train_batch_size: 16per_device_eval_batch_size: 16num_train_epochs: 5warmup_ratio: 0.1fp16: Truebatch_sampler: no_duplicates
All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
overwrite_output_dir: Falsedo_predict: Falseeval_strategy: stepsprediction_loss_only: Trueper_device_train_batch_size: 16per_device_eval_batch_size: 16per_gpu_train_batch_size: Noneper_gpu_eval_batch_size: Nonegradient_accumulation_steps: 1eval_accumulation_steps: Nonelearning_rate: 5e-05weight_decay: 0.0adam_beta1: 0.9adam_beta2: 0.999adam_epsilon: 1e-08max_grad_norm: 1.0num_train_epochs: 5max_steps: -1lr_scheduler_type: linearlr_scheduler_kwargs: {}warmup_ratio: 0.1warmup_steps: 0log_level: passivelog_level_replica: warninglog_on_each_node: Truelogging_nan_inf_filter: Truesave_safetensors: Truesave_on_each_node: Falsesave_only_model: Falserestore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: Falseno_cuda: Falseuse_cpu: Falseuse_mps_device: Falseseed: 42data_seed: Nonejit_mode_eval: Falseuse_ipex: Falsebf16: Falsefp16: Truefp16_opt_level: O1half_precision_backend: autobf16_full_eval: Falsefp16_full_eval: Falsetf32: Nonelocal_rank: 0ddp_backend: Nonetpu_num_cores: Nonetpu_metrics_debug: Falsedebug: []dataloader_drop_last: Falsedataloader_num_workers: 0dataloader_prefetch_factor: Nonepast_index: -1disable_tqdm: Falseremove_unused_columns: Truelabel_names: Noneload_best_model_at_end: Falseignore_data_skip: Falsefsdp: []fsdp_min_num_params: 0fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: Noneaccelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}deepspeed: Nonelabel_smoothing_factor: 0.0optim: adamw_torchoptim_args: Noneadafactor: Falsegroup_by_length: Falselength_column_name: lengthddp_find_unused_parameters: Noneddp_bucket_cap_mb: Noneddp_broadcast_buffers: Falsedataloader_pin_memory: Truedataloader_persistent_workers: Falseskip_memory_metrics: Trueuse_legacy_prediction_loop: Falsepush_to_hub: Falseresume_from_checkpoint: Nonehub_model_id: Nonehub_strategy: every_savehub_private_repo: Falsehub_always_push: Falsegradient_checkpointing: Falsegradient_checkpointing_kwargs: Noneinclude_inputs_for_metrics: Falseeval_do_concat_batches: Truefp16_backend: autopush_to_hub_model_id: Nonepush_to_hub_organization: Nonemp_parameters:auto_find_batch_size: Falsefull_determinism: Falsetorchdynamo: Noneray_scope: lastddp_timeout: 1800torch_compile: Falsetorch_compile_backend: Nonetorch_compile_mode: Nonedispatch_batches: Nonesplit_batches: Noneinclude_tokens_per_second: Falseinclude_num_input_tokens_seen: Falseneftune_noise_alpha: Noneoptim_target_modules: Nonebatch_eval_metrics: Falseeval_on_start: Falsebatch_sampler: no_duplicatesmulti_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | dim_128_cosine_map@100 | dim_256_cosine_map@100 | dim_512_cosine_map@100 | dim_64_cosine_map@100 | dim_768_cosine_map@100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0.6852 | 0.7000 | 0.6389 | 0.6263 | 0.6389 |
Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.42.4
- PyTorch: 2.3.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.32.1
- Datasets: 2.20.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1
Citation
BibTeX
Sentence Transformers
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
year={2017},
eprint={1705.00652},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}