text stringlengths 105 19k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix. The matrix and fibers can consist of any ceramic material, including carbon and carbon fibers. The ceramic occupying most of the volume is often from the group of oxides, such as nitrides, borides, silicides, whereas the second com... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The head group classification of a surfactant is determined by the head group ion type. Ionic surfactants derive their amphiphilicity from a charged hydrophilic head group and tend to be small, low molecular weight molecules. Ionic surfactants will stabilize particles suspended in a paint by electrostatic repulsion and... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Maximilian Fichtner (born 1961 in Heidelberg, Germany) is professor for Solid State Chemistry at the Ulm University and executive director of the Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU). | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Taurates are used as mild, well-foaming surfactants in body cleansing and personal care products (shampoos, liquid soaps and cleansers, face lotions, skin creams, bubble baths, syndet soaps), textile processing (wetting agents and detergents, dye dispersants), in crop protection formulations and in other industrial app... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In chemistry, perxenates are salts of the yellow xenon-containing anion . This anion has octahedral molecular geometry, as determined by Raman spectroscopy, having O–Xe–O bond angles varying between 87° and 93°. The Xe–O bond length was determined by X-ray crystallography to be 1.875 Å. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Rundle was born in Orleans, Nebraska in 1915. He attended University of Nebraska where he completed a bachelor of science in 1937 and a master's degree in 1938. He completed a Ph.D. in 1941 at the California Institute of Technology. His advisors were Linus Pauling and J. Holmes Sturdivant. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Cobalt oxide is often obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in an autoclave.
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide hollow spheres starts with carbohydrates and metal salts dissolved in water at 100-200 °C. The reaction produces carbon spheres, with metal ions integrated into the hydrophobic shell. The carbon cor... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Berzelius is credited with originating the chemical terms "catalysis", "polymer," "isomer," "protein" and "allotrope," although his original definitions in some cases differ significantly from modern usage. As an example, he coined the term "polymer" in 1833 to describe organic compounds which shared identical empirica... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The following table presents a list of lattice energies for some common compounds as well as their structure type. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
On 29 February 2012, Sadoway gave a TED talk on his invention of the liquid metal battery for grid-scale storage. The talk is as much about the inventive process as it is about the technology.
Sadoway was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2012 for accomplishments in energy storage... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
For dilute suspensions, Stokes law predicts the settling velocity of small spheres in fluid, either air or water. This originates due to the strength of viscous forces at the surface of the particle providing the majority of the retarding force. Stokes law finds many applications in the natural sciences, and is given ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Counterions are the mobile ions in ion exchange polymers and colloids. Ion-exchange resins are polymers with a net negative or positive charge. Cation-exchange resins consist of an anionic polymer with countercations, typically Na (sodium). The resin has a higher affinity for highly charged countercations, for example ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Some new instrumentations techniques exist that allow zeta potential to be measured. The Zeta Potential Analyzer can measure solid, fibers, or powdered material. The motor found in the instrument creates an oscillating flow of electrolyte solution through the sample. Several sensors in the instrument monitor other fact... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The use of depletion forces to initiate flocculation is a common process in water treatment. The relatively small size of dispersed particles in waste water renders typical filtration methods ineffective. However, if the dispersion was to be destabilized and flocculation occur, particles can then be filtered out to pro... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Studies have shown that PFOS is a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic pollutant. It was added to Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in May 2009. Regulations in the United States, Canada, European Union, Australia, and Japan have banned the new production of PFOS-based products, inc... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The emergence of nanocomposite hydrogels allow for more site-specific and time-controlled delivery of drugs of different sizes at improved safety and specificity. Depending on the method of inserting drugs into the material, for example, dissolved, encased, or attached, the drug carrier will be named differently: nanop... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dendrimers are unique hyper-branched synthetic polymers with monodispersed size, well-defined structure, and a highly functionalized terminal surface. They are typically composed of synthetic or natural amino acid, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Therapeutics can be loaded with relative ease onto the interior of the ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In interfacial synthesis, the polymerization happens at the interface between an aqueous and an organic layer. A typical reaction involves an aqueous solution of acid and oxidant and an organic layer of aniline together. This creates the reactive interface for polymerization to occur. As polymerization proceeds, the po... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A dangling bond adds an extra energy level between the valence band and conduction band of a lattice. This allows for absorption and emission at longer wavelengths, because electrons can take smaller energy steps by moving to and from this extra level. The energy of the photons absorbed by or emitted from this level is... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Surlyn is the brand name of an ionomer resin created by DuPont, a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid used as a coating and packaging material.
DuPont neutralizes the acid with NaOH, yielding the sodium salt.
Crystals of ethylene-methacrylic acid ionomers exhibit dual melting behavior. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In real life, most systems are not integrable and display various degrees of chaos. Classical dynamics is then said to be mixed and the system phase space is typically composed of islands of regular orbits surrounded by a large sea of chaotic orbits. The existence of the chaotic sea, where transport is classically allo... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Indium oxide is used in some types of batteries, thin film infrared reflectors transparent for visible light (hot mirrors), some optical coatings, and some antistatic coatings. In combination with tin dioxide, indium oxide forms indium tin oxide (also called tin doped indium oxide or ITO), a material used for transpare... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Open-celled metal foam, also called metal sponge, can be used in heat exchangers (compact electronics cooling, cryogen tanks, PCM heat exchangers), energy absorption, flow diffusion, scrubbers, flame arrestors, and lightweight optics. The high cost of the material generally limits its use to advanced technology, aeros... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Hysteresis is used to measure the compression properties of nanocomposite hydrogels, which shows that this material can withstand around 90% compression. This data shows that nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit superior strength relative to conventionally-made hydrogels, which would have broken down under less compression. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Aluminium foam sandwich (AFS) is a sandwich panel product which is made of two metallic dense face sheets and a metal foam core made of an aluminium alloy. AFS is an engineering structural material owing to its stiffness-to-mass ratio and energy absorption capacity ideal for application such as the shell of a high-spee... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A drawback of NMR crystallography is that the method is typically more time-consuming and more expensive (due to spectrometer costs and isotope labelling) than X-ray crystallography, it often elucidates only part of the structure, and isotope labelling and experiments may have to be tailored to obtain key structural in... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Biosurfactants are usually categorized by their molecular structure. Like synthetic surfactants, they are composed of a hydrophilic moiety made up of amino acids, peptides, (poly)saccharides, or sugar alcohols and a hydrophobic moiety consisting of fatty acids. Correspondingly, the significant classes of biosurfactants... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Estropipate was marketed under the brand names Genoral, Harmogen, Improvera, Ogen, Ortho-Est, and Sulestrex among others. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
CuHARS have been shown to completely degrade under physiological conditions (cell culture media at 37 °C), even in the absence of cells; this is possibly due to the metal chelating properties of typical cell culture medias. These may include the copper-binding properties of cerulosplasmin and of albumin. Additionall... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a potential energy barrier that, according to classical mechanics, should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or s... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Cheetham was educated at Stockport Grammar School and read chemistry at St Catherines College, Oxford, matriculating in 1965, and graduated with first class honours in 1969. He started his doctorate at Wadham College, Oxford in the same year, with a thesis on The Structures of some Non-stoichiometric Compounds'; his do... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The mechanical properties of hydrogels can be fine-tuned in many ways beginning with attention to their hydrophobic properties. Another method of modifying the strength or elasticity of hydrogels is to graft or surface coat them onto a stronger/stiffer support, or by making superporous hydrogel (SPH) composites, in whi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Shannon received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Ceramic Engineering from the University of Illinois in 1957 and 1959. He then went on to receive his Ph.D. in Ceramic Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1960. He then joined the DuPont Company as a research chemist from 1964 to 1971 where he concen... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
NbCl has a hexagonal close packed array of chloride ions. Triangles of niobium occur in octahedral spaces in the chloride array. The compositions with higher chloride have some niobium atoms missing from the structure, creating vacancies and giving rise to nonstoichiometric compounds. NbCl has this pattern of vacancies... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Surfactants play an important role as cleaning, wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, foaming and anti-foaming agents in many practical applications and products, including detergents, fabric softeners, motor oils, emulsions, soaps, paints, adhesives, inks, anti-fogs, ski waxes, snowboard wax, deinking of recycled papers, ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Mixed conductors, also known as mixed ion-electron conductors (MIEC), are a single-phase material that has significant conduction ionically and electronically. Due to the mixed conduction, a formally neutral species can transport in a solid and therefore mass storage and redistribution are enabled. Mixed conductors are... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Brine is used as a secondary fluid in large refrigeration installations for the transport of thermal energy. Most commonly used brines are based on inexpensive calcium chloride and sodium chloride. It is used because the addition of salt to water lowers the freezing temperature of the solution and the heat transport ef... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The primary functions of metallic foams in vehicles are to increase sound damping, reduce weight, increase energy absorption in case of crashes, and (in military applications) to combat the concussive force of IEDs. As an example, foam filled tubes could be used as anti-intrusion bars. Because of their low density (0.... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Bismuth telluride () is a gray powder that is a compound of bismuth and tellurium also known as bismuth(III) telluride. It is a semiconductor, which, when alloyed with antimony or selenium, is an efficient thermoelectric material for refrigeration or portable power generation. is a topological insulator, and thus exhi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Indium(III) selenide is a compound of indium and selenium. It has potential for use in photovoltaic devices and has been the subject of extensive research. The two most common phases, α and β, have a layered structure, while γ has a "defect wurtzite structure." In all, five polymorphs are known: α, β, γ, δ, κ. The α-β ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Samarium arsenide forms crystals of a cubic system, space group Fm3m, cell parameters a = 0.5921 nm, Z = 4, of NaCl-structure.
The compound melts congruently at 2257 °C. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Bittern (pl. bitterns), or nigari, is the salt solution formed when halite (table salt) precipitates from seawater or brines. Bitterns contain magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions as well as chloride, sulfate, iodide, and other ions.
Bittern is commonly formed in salt ponds where the evaporation of water prompts the ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the Langmuir-Blodgett method, the nanoparticles are injected at air-water interphase in a special Langmuir-Blodgett Trough. The floating particles are compressed closer to each other with motorized barriers which allow to control the packing density of the particles. After compressing the particles to the desired pa... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
There are case reports of adverse effects associated with excessive consumption of BVO-containing products. One case reported that a man who consumed two to four liters of a soda containing BVO on a daily basis experienced memory loss, tremors, fatigue, loss of muscle coordination, headache, and ptosis of the right eye... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Water-based defoamers are different types of oils and waxes dispersed in a water base. The oils are often mineral oil or vegetable oils and the waxes are long chain fatty alcohol, fatty acid soaps or esters. These are normally best as deaerators, which means they are best at releasing entrained air. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In charge trap flash memories, charge is stored in a trapping material, typically a silicon-nitride layer, as current flows through a dielectric. In the programming process, electrons are emitted from the substrate towards the trapping layer due to a large positive bias applied to the gate. The current transport is the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The basic components needed for the exploding wire method are a thin conductive wire and a capacitor. The wire is typically gold, aluminum, iron or platinum, and is usually less than 0.5 mm in diameter. The capacitor has an energy consumption of about 25 kWh/kg and discharges a pulse of current density 10 - 10 A/mm, le... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The use of the second order perturbation correction, Eq. (4), for the calculation of the value in the case of PJTE instability is incorrect because in this case , meaning the first perturbation correction is larger than the main term, and hence the criterion of applicability of the perturbation theory in its simplest ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Cells are very sensitive to nanotopographical features, so optimization of surfaces in tissue engineering has pushed towards implantation. Under appropriate conditions, a carefully crafted 3-dimensional scaffold is used to direct cell seeds toward artificial organ growth. The 3-D scaffold incorporates various nanoscale... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In their early 1957 paper on what is now called pseudo Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE), Öpik and Pryce showed that a small splitting of the degenerate electronic term does not necessarily remove the instability and distortion of a polyatomic system induced by the Jahn–Teller effect (JTE), provided that the splitting is suffi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
All commercial potash deposits come originally from evaporite deposits and are often buried deep below the earth's surface. Potash ores are typically rich in potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl) and other salts and clays, and are typically obtained by conventional shaft mining with the extracted ore ground ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Tunnelling is a source of current leakage in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) electronics and results in a substantial power drain and heating effects that plague such devices. It is considered the lower limit on how microelectronic device elements can be made. Tunnelling is a fundamental technique used to program t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Saiful Islam (born 14 August 1963) is a British chemist and professor of materials modelling at the Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Saiful is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), and received the Royal Society's Wolfson Research Merit Award and Hughes Medal, and the American Chemical Socie... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
ELS is useful for characterizing information about the surface of proteins. Ware and Flygare (1971) demonstrated that electrophoretic techniques can be combined with laser beat spectroscopy in order to simultaneously determine the electrophoretic mobility and diffusion coefficient of bovine serum albumin. The width of ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Macroscopic viscous flow fields can direct self-assembly of a random solution of particles into ordered crystals. However, the assembled particles tend to disassemble when the flow is stopped or removed. Shear flows are useful for jammed suspensions or random close packing. As these systems begin in nonequilibrium, flo... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
By the mid-1990s, Hazen felt that his research had reached a "respectable plateau" where the main principles of how crystals compress were known. The questions he was asking were increasingly narrow and the answers rarely surprising. So he changed research directions to study life's chemical origins. This opportunity c... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The first -quantum () will be emitted isotropically. Detecting this quantum in a detector selects a subset with an orientation of the many possible directions that has a given. The second -quantum () has an anisotropic emission and shows the effect of the angle correlation. The goal is to measure the relative probabil... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Phosphatidylcholine molecules form ~85% of the lipid in surfactant and have saturated acyl chains. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) forms about 11% of the lipids in the surfactant, it has unsaturated fatty acid chains that fluidize the lipid monolayer at the interface. Neutral lipids and cholesterol are also present. The comp... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In Gießen, Hoppe continued his extensive research in the field of solid state chemistry with a focus on the synthesis and characterization of oxo- and fluorometalates of the alkali metals. During his research he published over 650 articles in international and national peer-review journals. In addition, he had been the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The kinetic process of destabilisation can be rather long (up to several months or even years for some products) and it is often required for the formulator to use further accelerating methods in order to reach reasonable development time for new product design. Thermal methods are the most commonly used and consists i... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
John Dudley Corbett (March 23, 1926 – September 2, 2013) was an American chemist who specialized in inorganic solid-state chemistry. At Iowa State and Ames Lab, Corbett lead a research group that focused on the synthesis and characterization of two broad classes of materials, notably Zintl phases and condensed transit... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Julia Y. Chan is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Baylor University. Chan is an expert in the area of intermetallic crystal growth with a focus on new quantum materials. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Femtosecond laser micromachining is used for device fabrication by milling air holes and/or troughs into ferroelectric crystals by directing them through the focus region of a femtosecond laser beam. . The advantages of femtosecond laser micromachining for a wide range of materials have been well documented. In brief, ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
It is possible to manufacture a complicated 3D shape from in-situ bonded AFS. In case of the second type, i.e. integral foam moulding, the desired geometry of the foamed part is achieved by designing the mould inside which the foam is cast.
In the case of the third type the three-layer composite precursor is reshaped p... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A conventional route entails heating the elements in a seal-tube:
Indium(III) telluride reacts with strong acids to produce hydrogen telluride. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Salt that pierces to the surface, either on land or beneath the sea, tends to spread laterally away and such salt is said to be "allochthonous". Salt glaciers are formed on land where this happens in an arid environment, such as in the Zagros Mountains. Offshore tongues of salt are generated that may join together with... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
His research focused on the following topics:
* application of crystallographic group theory in crystal chemistry to investigate structural relationships of crystalline solids and to predict possible structure types for inorganic compounds
* synthesis of thio, polysulfido, and polyselenido complexes
* structural analys... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula FeO. Its mineral form is known as wüstite. One of several iron oxides, it is a black-colored powder that is sometimes confused with rust, the latter of which consists of hydrated iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide). Iron(II) oxide also refers to a f... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
# Selection of ingredients: The first step in creating a nanoemulsion is to select the ingredients, which include the oil, water, and emulsifying agent. The type and proportions of these ingredients will affect the stability and properties of the final emulsion.
# Preparation of oil and aqueous phases: The oil and wate... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Smith was born on September 25, 1916, in Long Beach, California, and he grew up in Long Beach and Fontana, California. He attended Pomona College, graduating in 1938, and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honors society. While as a student at Pomona, Smith authored two papers with his chemistry professor, Wesley G. Le... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
After his studies in chemistry at the University of Göttingen from 1958 to 1963 and after his diploma in chemistry in 1963, Bernt Krebs received his Dr. rer.nat. degree in 1965. In 1965 and 1966 he worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at Brookhaven National Laboratory with Walter Hamilton and Don Koenig. After his ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Certain PFASs are no longer manufactured in the United States as a result of phase-outs including the PFOA Stewardship Program (2010-2015), in which eight major chemical manufacturers agreed to eliminate the use of PFOA and PFOA-related chemicals in their products and emissions from their facilities. Although PFOA and ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
By complexing metal ions into the polymer matrix, the strength and toughness of the ionomer system is increased. Some applications where ionomers were used to increase the toughness of the overall system include coatings, adhesives, impact modification, and thermoplastics, one of the most known examples being the use o... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As proposed originally by Landau
free electrons in a solid, introduced for example by doping or irradiation, can interact with the vibrations of the lattice to form a localized quasi-particle known as a polaron. Strongly localized polarons (also called Holstein polarons) can condensate around high-symmetry sites of the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Berzelius was a prolific correspondent with leading scientists of his time, such as Gerardus Johannes Mulder, Claude Louis Berthollet, Humphry Davy, Friedrich Wöhler, Eilhard Mitscherlich and Christian Friedrich Schönbein.
In 1812, Berzelius traveled to London, England, including Greenwich to meet with prominent Britis... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Specific temperature at a specific pressure at which large groups of micelles begin to precipitate out into a quasi-separate phase. As temperature is raised above the cloud point this causes the distinct surfactant phase to form densely packed micelle groups known as aggregates. The phase separation is a reversible sep... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Barium stannate is an oxide of barium and tin with the chemical formula BaSnO. It is a wide band gap semiconductor with a perovskite crystal structure. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanoparticles can also be formed using radiation chemistry. Radiolysis from gamma rays can create strongly active free radicals in solution. This relatively simple technique uses a minimum number of chemicals. These including water, a soluble metallic salt, a radical scavenger (often a secondary alcohol), and a surfact... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Beyond arranging lipids in a way that reduces surface tension, SP-B actually directly interferes with attractive forces between water molecules. This disruption in the cohesion of water minimizes further the surface tension at the gas/fluid interface. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Coral calcium is a salt of calcium derived from fossilized coral reefs. Coral calcium is composed of calcium carbonate and trace minerals. Claims for health benefits unique to coral calcium have been discredited. Coral calcium, marketed as a cure for various diseases and linked to Okinawan longevity, is merely calcium ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solid particles do not dissolve, but get suspended throughout the bulk of the solvent, left floating around freely in the medium. The internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation, with the use of certain excip... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
There are several techniques used to map out which phase is present during perturbations done on the lipid. These perturbations include pH changes, temperature changes, pressure changes, volume changes, etc.
The most common technique used to study phospholipid phase presence is phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
For polymeric nanoparticles, the induction of stimuli-responsiveness has usually relied heavily upon well-known polymers that possess an inherent stimuli-responsiveness. Certain polymers that can undergo reversible phase transitions due to changes in temperature or pH have aroused interest.
Arguably the most utilized p... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A variety of methods are available for hobbyists to make soap. Most soapmakers use processes where the glycerol remains in the product, and the saponification continues for many days after the soap is poured into molds. The glycerol is left during the hot process method, but at the high temperature employed, the reacti... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Under Alivisatos’ leadership, the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab shifted its priorities to the more interdisciplinary areas of renewable energy and climate-change research. During his tenure, the Lab began construction on new buildings for computational research, building efficiencies, solar energy research, and biolog... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
MoS@Fe-N-C core/shell nanosphere with atomic Fe-doped surface and interface (MoS/Fe-N-C) can be used as a used an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) bifunctionally because of reduced energy barrier due to Fe-N dopants and unique nature of MoS/Fe-N-C interface. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A laser beam passes through the electrophoresis cell, irradiates the particles dispersed in it, and is scattered by the particles. The scattered light is detected by a photo-multiplier after passing through two pinholes. There are two types of optical systems: heterodyne and fringe.
Ware and Flygare developed a heterod... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A 2008 study explored the usage of femtosecond laser irradiation to create permanent spatial arrangements in transparent materials, particularly in its usage to form a singular foamed layer upon biopolymers such as collagen or curcumin. Foaming these surfaces results in a variety of surface modifications that may impro... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
He was on the faculties of Arizona State University (1992–1998) as an assistant professor, the University of Michigan (1999–2006) as the Robert W. Parry Professor of Chemistry, and the University of California, Los Angeles (2007–2012) as the Christopher S. Foote Professor of Chemistry as well as holding the Irving and ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
TRPS was developed by Izon Science Limited, producer of commercially available nanopore-based particle characterization systems. Izon Science Limited currently sell one TRPS device, known as the "Exoid". Previous devices include the "qNano", the "qNano Gold" and the "qViron". These systems have been applied to measure ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Proton tunneling is a type of quantum tunneling involving the instantaneous disappearance of a proton in one site and the appearance of the same proton at an adjacent site separated by a potential barrier. The two available sites are bounded by a double well potential of which its shape, width and height are determined... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Rüdorff was born in Berlin in 1909. He studied chemistry as an undergraduate at Technical University of Berlin and graduated in 1925. His graduate study was carried out under the supervision of Ulrich Hofmann at the same university, where he graduated with a PhD thesis titled Über die Kristallstruktur der Hexacarbonyle... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Klemm was reportedly a Professor for inorganic chemistry in Düsseldorf at some time between 1929 and 1933. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the mid-1990s, Girolami began an investigation of the synthesis of new magnetic solids via a building block approach, publishing in Science in 1995. Girolami also reported metal-substituted analogs of Prussian blue that have magnetic ordering temperatures above 100 °C. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Elemental chlorine can be produced by electrolysis of brine (NaCl solution). This process also produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Hydrogen gas (H). The reaction equations are as follows:
* Cathode:
* Anode:
* Overall process: | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The electrostatic potential energy, E, between a pair of ions of equal and opposite charge is:
where
:z = magnitude of charge on one ion
:e = elementary charge, 1.6022 C
:ε = permittivity of free space
::4ε = 1.112 C/(J·m)
:r = distance separating the ion centers
For a simple lattice consisting ions with equal and oppo... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The Salt Service is one of the smallest services under the Government of India with a sanctioned strength of only 11 posts. As a central engineering service, recruitment to the Indian Salt Service is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanocomposite hydrogels are observed to be temperature sensitive and will change temperature when their surrounding is altered. Inorganic salts, when absorbed, will result in changing the hydrogels to a lower temperature whereas cat-ionic surfactant will shift the temperature the other way. The temperature of these hyd... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nickel (III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula NiO. It is not well characterized, and is sometimes referred to as black nickel oxide. Traces of NiO on nickel surfaces have been mentioned.
Nickel (III) oxide has been studied theoretically since the early thirties, supporting its unstable nature at standar... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Miedema's approach has been applied to the classification of miscible and immiscible systems of binary alloys. These are relevant in the design of multicomponent alloys. A comprehensive classification of alloying behavior for 813 binary alloy systems consisting of transition and lanthanide metals. "Impressively, the cl... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.