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In solid-state physics, the Hill limit is a critical distance defined in a lattice of actinide or rare-earth atoms. These atoms own partially filled or levels in their valence shell and are therefore responsible for the main interaction between each atom and its environment. In this context, the hill limit is define... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Copper(II) chloride is used as a catalyst in a variety of processes that produce chlorine by oxychlorination. The Deacon process takes place at about 400 to 450 °C in the presence of a copper chloride:
Copper(II) chloride catalyzes the chlorination in the production of vinyl chloride and dichloromethane.
Copper(II) chl... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Semi-solid and soft nanoparticles have been produced. A prototype nanoparticle of semi-solid nature is the liposome. Various types of liposome nanoparticles are currently used clinically as delivery systems for anticancer drugs and vaccines.
The breakdown of biopolymers into their nanoscale building blocks is considere... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The room temperature form of NbO has a tetragonal, rutile-like structure with short Nb-Nb distances, indicating Nb-Nb bonding. The high temperature form also has a rutile-like structure with short Nb-Nb distances. Two high-pressure phases have been reported: one with a rutile-like structure (again, with short Nb-Nb dis... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Detergents are a group of compounds with an amphiphilic structure, where each molecule has a hydrophilic (polar) head and a long hydrophobic (non-polar) tail. The hydrophobic portion of these molecules may be straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbons, or it may have a steroid structure. The hydrophilic portion is more v... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
It is sometimes difficult to determine if a material is non-stoichiometric or if the formula is best represented by large numbers. The oxides of tungsten illustrate this situation. Starting from the idealized material tungsten trioxide, one can generate a series of related materials that are slightly deficient in oxy... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A similar reaction like that of MoO is used in halogen lamps. The tungsten is evaporated from the tungsten filament and converted with traces of oxygen and iodine into the WOI, at the high temperatures near the filament the compound decomposes back to tungsten, oxygen and iodine.
:WO + I WOI, ΔH < 0 (exothermic) | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Ulrich Müller (born 6 July 1940 in Bogotá) is a German chemist that is known for his works on solid-state chemistry and the application of crystallographic group theory to crystal chemistry. He is the author of several textbooks on chemistry, solid-state chemistry, and crystallography. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Dead Sea salt was used by the peoples of Ancient Egypt and it has been utilized in various unguents, skin creams, and soaps since then. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Douglas Keszler has received a number of awards and honors, including the following:
* Exxon Solid-state Chemistry Award (1988)
* Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow (1990)
* T. T. Sugihara Young Faculty Research Award (1994)
* F.A. Gilfillan Award (2001)
* OSU Researcher of the Year Award (2003)
* SWOSU Alumni Fellow (200... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In chemistry, a carbide usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. In metallurgy, carbiding or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When κa is between large values where simple analytical models are available, and low values where numerical calculations are valid, Henrys equation can be used when the zeta potential is low. For a nonconducting sphere, Henrys equation is , where f is the Henry function, one of a collection of functions which vary sm... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Using BCS theory and the known energy gaps of the pi and sigma bands of electrons (2.2 and 7.1 meV, respectively), the pi and sigma bands of electrons have been found to have two different coherence lengths (51 nm and 13 nm, respectively). The corresponding London penetration depths are 33.6 nm and 47.8 nm. This implie... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The spin interaction that is usually employed for structural analyses via solid state NMR spectroscopy is the magnetic dipolar interaction.
Additional knowledge about other interactions within the studied system like the chemical shift or the electric quadrupole interaction can be helpful as well, and in some cases sol... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Researchers produced an artificial tooth whose microstructure mimicked that of a real tooth. The outer layers, corresponding to enamel, were hard and structurally complex. The outer layers contained glass nanoparticles and aluminium oxide plates were aligned perpendicular to the surface. After the outer layers hardened... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Pure bismuth is a semimetal, containing a small band gap, which leads to it having a relatively high conductivity ( at 20 °C). When the bismuth is doped with antimony, the conduction band decreases in energy and the valence band increases in energy. At an antimony concentration of 4%, the two bands intersect, forming a... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Solid foams are a class of lightweight cellular engineering materials. These foams are typically classified into two types based on their pore structure: open-cell-structured foams (also known as reticulated foams) and closed-cell foams. At high enough cell resolutions, any type can be treated as continuous or "continu... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Copper(II) chloride is a mild oxidant. It starts to decompose to copper(I) chloride and chlorine gas around and is completely decomposed near :
The reported melting point of copper(II) chloride of is a melt of a mixture of copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride. The true melting point of can be extrapolated by u... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The energy of the hyperfine electrical interaction between the charge distribution of the core and the extranuclear static electric field can be extended to multipoles. The monopole term only causes an energy shift and the dipole term disappears, so that the first relevant expansion term is the quadrupole term:
: i... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
George Blasse (28 August 1934 – 30 December 2020) was a Dutch chemist. He was a professor of solid-state chemistry at Utrecht University for most of his career.
Blasse was born on 28 August 1934 in Amsterdam. He studied chemistry at the University of Amsterdam. In 1964 he obtained his PhD under E.W. Gorter at Leiden Un... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Aquasomes form a three-layered structure, made of a polyhydroxy oligomer coated core upon which the drug is loaded. The biochemically active molecules are able to interact with the coated core through different Van der Waal forces, entropic forces, and ionic and non-covalent bonds. The structure of aquasomes enables th... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Kauzlarich received a Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the College of William & Mary in 1980. Although originally planning to become a high school chemistry teacher, her collegiate mentors encouraged her to pursue graduate studies in chemistry. She did her graduate studies with Bruce A. Averill at Michigan State U... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Keszler’s research group focuses on the synthesis and study of inorganic molecules and materials related to next-generation electronic and energy devices. Their discovery and development on water-based chemistries for high-quality films demonstrates the leading results in the field of ultra small-scale dense nanopatter... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* HWK-Fellowship, Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Delmenhorst, Germany (2021)
* Research Excellence in Materials Chemistry, Chemical Institute of Canada (2021)
* Parex Innovation Fellow, University of Calgary (2020)
* Peak Scholar, University of Calgary (2019)
* Keith Laidler Award, Canadian Society for Chemistry, The Chemi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Other possible deposition methods include methods utilizing particle self-assembly by solvent evaporation, doctor blade, chemical vapor deposition and transfer printing. Some of these methods like solvent evaporation are extremely simple but produce low-quality films. Other methods such as the chemical vapor deposition... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Arthur W. Thomas, then an instructor in Food Chemistry at Columbia University, volunteered for military service in the spring of 1917 and was mustered in as a First Lieutenant in the newly formed Sanitary Corps in the U.S. National Army in September 1917. He was assigned to the Food and Nutrition Section or Division o... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Titanium's propensity to form an oxide layer on its surface prevents corrosion of surfaces that are in contact with human tissues because the surface oxides minimize diffusion of metal ions from the bulk material to the surface. When titanium gains a coating to make it more bioactive, it can turn the already biocompati... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Turbidity is commonly treated using a settling or filtration process, or both settling and filtration. Depending on the application, flocculants may be dosed into the water stream to increase the effectiveness of the settling or filtration process. Potable water treatment and municipal wastewater plants often remove tu... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
There are two general types of methods for preparing miniemulsions:
* High-energy methods - For the high-energy methods, the shearing proceeds usually via exposure to high power ultrasound of the mixture or with a high-pressure homogenizer, which are high-shearing processes.
* Low-energy methods - For the low-energy m... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
;YL 6000 series:
* YL6000 - NOR gate (red) ("NOR")
* YL6001 - Emitter follower (yellow) ("EF")
* YL6004 - High power output (Double-sized module) ("HP")
* YL6005, YL6005/00 - Counter unit (triple binary) ("3C") (violet)
* YL6005/05 - Single divide by 2 counter (violet) ("1C")
* YL6006 - Timer (brown) ("TU")
* YL6007 - ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Gérard Férey (14 July 1941 – 19 August 2017) was a French chemist who was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and a professor at the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. He specialized in the physical chemistry of solids and materials. He focused on the crystal chemistry of inorganic fluorides and... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The original theory from 1927 of nucleation in nanoparticle formation was Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). It was believed that the changes in particle size could be described by burst nucleation alone. In 1950, Viktor LaMer used CNT as the nucleation basis for his model of nanoparticle growth. There are three portio... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Bismuth antimonides, Bismuth-antimonys, or Bismuth-antimony alloys, (BiSb) are binary alloys of bismuth and antimony in various ratios.
Some, in particular BiSb, were the first experimentally-observed three-dimensional topological insulators, materials that have conducting surface states but have an insulating interior... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanocomposites that can respond to an external stimulus are of increased interest due to the fact that, because of the large amount of interaction between the phase interfaces, the stimulus response can have a larger effect on the composite as a whole. The external stimulus can take many forms, such as a magnetic, ele... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Salt-concrete (or salzbeton) is a building material that is used to reduce the water inflow in mining shafts in salt mines. It is composed of 16% cement, 39% halite, 16% limestone powder, 14% water and 15% sand. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Surfactants are composed of a polar head group that is hydrophilic and a nonpolar tail group that is hydrophobic. The head groups can be anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or nonionic. The tail group can be a hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, or a siloxane. Extensive variation in the surfactant’s solution and interfacial proper... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The stabilization of a foam is caused by van der Waals forces between the molecules in the foam, electrical double layers created by dipolar surfactants, and the Marangoni effect, which acts as a restoring force to the lamellae.
The Marangoni effect depends on the liquid that is foaming being impure. Generally, surfact... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
PPS, available as PPS Silent Surfactant from Expedeon, is the abbreviation for sodium 3-(4-(1,1-bis(hexyloxy)ethyl)pyridinium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate. This acetalic detergent is split under acidic conditions into hexanol and the zwitterionic 3-acetyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Uranium dioxide is produced by reducing uranium trioxide with hydrogen.
:UO + H → UO + HO at 700 °C (973 K)
This reaction plays an important part in the creation of nuclear fuel through nuclear reprocessing and uranium enrichment. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Aggregate exposures to consumers (direct and indirect dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation) have been estimated to be 1.42 ug/Kg bw/day.
Calcium xylene sulfonate and sodium cumene sulfonate have been shown to cause temporary, slight eye irritation in animals. Studies have not found hydrotropes to be mutagenic, c... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Acid salts are a class of salts that produce an acidic solution after being dissolved in a solvent. Its formation as a substance has a greater electrical conductivity than that of the pure solvent. An acidic solution formed by acid salt is made during partial neutralization of diprotic or polyprotic acids. A half-neutr... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Aggregation in colloidal dispersions (or stable suspensions) has been characterized by the degree of interparticle attraction. For attractions strong relative to the thermal energy (given by kT), Brownian motion produces irreversibly flocculated structures with growth rates limited by the rate of particle diffusion. T... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The above-mentioned dipolar interaction can be measured directly, e.g. between pairs of heteronuclear spins like C/N in many organic compounds. Furthermore, the strength of the dipolar interaction modulates parameters like the longitudinal relaxation time or the spin diffusion rate which therefore can be examined to ob... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Microelectrophoresis is a method of studying electrophoresis of various dispersed particles using optical microscopy. This method provides image of moving particles, which is its unique advantage. e.g. observation of RBCs, neutrophiles and bacteria. This type of electrophoresis is carried out in a closed medium with cr... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The ratio of Fe to Fe within a rock determines, in part, the silicate mineral assemblage of the rock. Within a rock of a given chemical composition, iron enters minerals based on the bulk chemical composition and the mineral phases which are stable at that temperature and pressure. Iron may only enter minerals such as ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Because of the properties of europium(II) oxide, thin layers of the oxide deposited on silicon are being studied for use as spin filters. Spin filter materials only allow electrons of a certain spin to pass, blocking electrons of the opposite spin. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In experiments by Yunteng Qu et al., dangling bonds on graphene oxide were used to bind single metal atoms (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) for applications in catalysis. Metal atoms were adsorbed by oxidizing metal from a foam and coordinating the metal ions to the dangling bonds on the oxygen of the graphene oxide. The resulting cat... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
This Table, reports the three main Miedema parameters for the elements of the Periodic table for whom the model is applicable.
These are original parameters which are after page 24 of the book after F.R. De Boer, R. Boom, W.C.M. Mattens, A.R. Miedema and A.K. Niessen Cohesion in Metals. Transition Metal Alloys (198... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Michael O’Keeffe was born in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England, on the 3rd April, 1934. He was one of four children born to Dr. E. Joseph O’Keeffe, an immigrant from Ireland, and his mother Marjorie G. O’Keeffe (née Marten). From 1942 to 1951 he attended Prior Park College (Bath) and then from 1951 to 1957 the Univers... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Using a single body-centered cubic colloidal crystal, the occurrence of Kossel lines in diffraction patterns were used to monitor the initial nucleation and subsequent motion caused distortion of the crystal. Continuous or homogeneous deformations occurring beyond the elastic limit produce a flowing crystal, where the ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
There are suggestions that depletion forces may be a significant contributor in some biological systems, specifically in membrane interactions between cells or any membranous structure. With concentrations of large molecules such as proteins or carbohydrates in the extracellular matrix, it is likely some depletion forc... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
While biodegradable, this class of chemicals may be toxic to life in water at concentrations of less than 1 mg/L. Water downstream of mining operations is often contaminated with xanthates. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In Canada, BVO is currently permitted as a food additive, but only in beverages containing citrus or spruce oils.
In the European Union, BVO is banned from use as a food additive; it was originally banned in the UK and several other European countries in 1970; and any BVO-containing products that may slip through the r... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The term magnetic structure of a material pertains to the ordered arrangement of magnetic spins, typically within an ordered crystallographic lattice. Its study is a branch of solid-state physics. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Synthesis of metallic nanofoams may be accomplished through a variety of methods. In 2006, researchers produced metal nanofoams by igniting pellets of energetic metal bis(tetrazolato)amine complexes. Nanofoams of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, and palladium have been prepared through this technique. These mate... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Ionic micelles are typically very affected by the salt concentration. In ionic micelles the monomers are typically fully ionized, but the high electric field strength at the surface of the micelles will cause adsorption of some proportion of the free counter-ions. In this case a chemical equilibrium process can be assu... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
PTC rubber is a silicone rubber which conducts electricity with a resistivity that increases exponentially with increasing temperature for all temperatures up to a temperature where the resistivity grows to infinity. Above this temperature the PTC rubber is an electrical insulator. PTC rubber is made from polydimethyls... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Alivisatos became president of the University of Chicago on September 1, 2021. He is the 14th president of the University of Chicago, succeeding Robert J. Zimmer who was president from 2006 to 2021. Alivisatos also serves as a John D. MacArthur Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Pritzker Sc... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
People who work at fluorochemical production plants and in manufacturing industries that use PFASs in the industrial process can be exposed to PFASs in the workplace. Much of what we know about PFASs exposure and health effects began with medical surveillance studies of workers exposed to PFASs at fluorochemical produc... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Minimum solid area models assume that the load bearing area (cross-sectional area normal to the stress) is the logical basis for modeling mechanical behavior. MSA models assume pore interaction results in reduction of stress. Therefore, the minimum solid areas are the carriers of stress. As a result, predicted mechanic... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A depletion force is an effective attractive force that arises between large colloidal particles that are suspended in a dilute solution of depletants, which are smaller solutes that are preferentially excluded from the vicinity of the large particles. One of the earliest reports of depletion forces that lead to partic... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* Prix de chimie du solide de la Société chimique de France (Solid State Chemistry award of the Chemical Society of France) (1983)
* Prix Paul Pascal de l’Académie des sciences (Paul Pascal award of the French Academy of Sciences) (1992)
* Prix de l’Institut français du pétrole de l’Académie des sciences (French Instit... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Self-assembly of nanoscale structures from functional nanoparticles has provided a powerful path to developing small and powerful electronic components. Nanoscale objects have always been difficult to manipulate because they cannot be characterized by molecular techniques and they are too small to observe optically. Bu... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Aquasomes can be characterized by a variety of techniques that analyze the properties of their three functional units: the ceramic core, carbohydrate coating, and bioactive drug. Characterization of aquasomes after synthesis is done to gain a better understanding of each of the facets that provide or contribute to thei... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The components interact via non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, van der Waals interactions and Π-interactions. These interactions lead to a cocrystal lattice energy that is generally more stable than the crystal structures of the individual components. The intermolecular interactions... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Dincăs research primarily focuses on electrical conductivity of MOFs, which was previously unknown and resulted in a new categorization of such materials with "charge mobility values". His focus is on the exploration of increasing electrical conductivity capacities through the marriage of organic and inorganic material... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the recent years nanocomposites have been designed to withstand high temperatures by the addition of Carbon Dots (CDs) in the polymer matrix. Such nanocomposites can be utilized in environments wherein high temperature resistance is a prime criterion. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*S. Sarkar, B. Chen, C. Zhou, S.N. Shirazi, F. Langer, J. Schwenzel, and V. Thangadurai,* “Synergistic Approach toward Developing Highly Compatible Garnet-Liquid Electrolyte Interphase in Hybrid Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries,” Adv. Energy Mater., 13 (8), 2203897 (14 pages) (2023) (cover page)
*T. Boteju, A. M. Ab... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Anthony Roy West FRSE, FRSC, FInstP, FIMMM (born 21 January 1947) is a British chemist and materials scientist, and Professor of Electroceramics and Solid State Chemistry at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Sheffield. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Xanthate anions also undergo alkylation to give xanthate esters, which are generally stable:
:ROCSK + R′X → ROC(S)SR′ + KX
The C-O bond in these compounds are susceptible to cleavage by the Barton–McCombie deoxygenation, which provides a means for deoxygenation of alcohols.
They can be oxidized to dixanthogen disulfide... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Due to its high price and special properties, the use of PVK is limited to special areas. It is used in insulation technology, electrophotography (e.g. in copiers and laser printers), for the fabrication of polymer photonic crystals, for organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices. In addition, PVK is a well... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Over his career, Goodenough authored more than 550 articles, 85 book chapters and reviews, and five books, including two seminal works, Magnetism and the Chemical Bond (1963) and Les oxydes des metaux de transition (1973). | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
For a realistic description of optical processes in solid materials, it is essential to go beyond the simple picture of the optical Bloch equations and to treat many-body interactions that describe the coupling among the elementary material excitations by, e.g., the see article Coulomb interaction between the electrons... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Mercury(II) iodide displays thermochromism; when heated above 126 °C (400 K) it undergoes a phase transition, from the red alpha crystalline form to a pale yellow beta form. As the sample cools, it gradually reacquires its original colour. It has often been used for thermochromism demonstrations. A third form, which is... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
N-Oleoylsarcosine is a mild surfactant which irritates skin and eyes comparatively little and is therefore used in personal care products such as skin cleansing agents because of its antimicrobial and virucidal properties.
The sarcosine head group of the long-chain amphiphilic N-acylamino acid is responsible for the fo... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Colloidal nanocrystals are a new class of optical materials that essentially constitute a new form of matter that can be considered as "artificial atoms." Like atoms, they have discrete optical energy spectra that are tunable over a wide range of wavelengths. The desired behavior and transmission directly correlates to... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Methods have been developed for the synthesis of diverse types of molecular wires (e.g. organic molecular wires and inorganic molecular wires). The basic principle is to assemble repeating modules. Organic molecular wires are usually synthesized via transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Polyaniline nanofibers can also be synthesized through "rapid mixing" reactions. This method attempts to prevent overgrowth that would compromise the nanofiber nature of the polymer by stopping the polymerization immediately after nanofibers have been formed. This is achieved by the rapid mixing of the monomer, aniline... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Miriam M. Unterlass (* 22. October 1986 in Erlangen) is a German chemist and full professor of solid state chemistry at the University of Konstanz. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The KKR method, also called "multiple scattering theory" or Greens function method, finds the stationary values of the inverse transition matrix T rather than the Hamiltonian. A variational implementation was suggested by Korringa, Kohn and Rostocker, and is often referred to as the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method. The m... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As bipyridinium derivatives, the viologens are related to 4,4'-bipyridyl. The basic nitrogen centers in these compounds are alkylated to give viologens:
:(CHN) + 2 RX → [(CHNR)](X)
The alkylation is a form of quaternization. When the alkylating agent is a small alkyl halide, such as methyl chloride or methyl b... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Molecular wires (or sometimes called molecular nanowires) are molecular chains that conduct electric current. They are the proposed building blocks for molecular
electronic devices. Their typical diameters are less than three nanometers, while their lengths may be macroscopic, extending to centimeters or more. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The crystal structure of calcium hexaboride is a cubic lattice with calcium at the cell centre and compact, regular octahedra of boron atoms linked at the vertices by B-B bonds to give a three-dimensional boron network. Each calcium has 24 nearest-neighbor boron atoms The calcium atoms are arranged in simple cubic pack... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 1807, Berzelius was appointed professor in chemistry and pharmacy at the Karolinska Institute. Between 1808 and 1836, Berzelius worked together with Anna Sundström, who acted as his assistant and was the first female chemist in Sweden.
In 1808, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. At th... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Anti-foams are added in certain types of detergents to reduce foaming that might decrease the action of the detergent. For example, dishwasher detergents have to be low foaming for the dishwasher to work properly.
Defoamer is added into the recovery tank of carpet extractors to prevent too much-foaming damage to the va... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Housed in a plastic container, the bomb has a metal partition that separates two liquid reagents. Once the partition is removed, the liquids mix and react, causing them to rapidly expand and then solidify, creating a physical barrier blocking the tunnel. The device is either set at its target by an individual or throw... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
By including quantum tunnelling, the astrochemical syntheses of various molecules in interstellar clouds can be explained, such as the synthesis of molecular hydrogen, water (ice) and the prebiotic important formaldehyde. Tunnelling of molecular hydrogen has been observed in the lab. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Pyrite is the most common of sulfide minerals and is widespread in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is a common accessory mineral in igneous rocks, where it also occasionally occurs as larger masses arising from an immiscible sulfide phase in the original magma. It is found in metamorphic rocks as a prod... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
To make , sea salt is packed into bamboo canisters and sealed with yellow clay. The mixture is baked in an iron oven and roasted in a pine fire.
A bamboo stem is filled with bay salt produced from Korea's west coast, sealed with red clay, and baked in a kiln with pine tree firewood. The baked salt lumps harden after ba... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The table below lists common flocculants along with their chemical formulas, net electrical charge, molecular weight and current applications. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Diquat is an isomer of viologens, being derived from 2,2-bipyridine (instead of the 4,4-isomer). It also is a potent herbicide that functions by disrupting electron-transfer.
Extended viologens have been developed based on conjugated oligomers such as based on aryl, ethylene, and thiophene units are inserted between th... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
MoS excels as a lubricating material (see below) due to its layered structure and low coefficient of friction. Interlayer sliding dissipates energy when a shear stress is applied to the material. Extensive work has been performed to characterize the coefficient of friction and shear strength of MoS in various atmospher... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Michael Stanley Whittingham (born 22 December 1941) is a British-American chemist. He is a professor of chemistry and director of both the Institute for Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering program at Binghamton University, State University of New York. He also serves as director of the Northeas... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Gregory S. Girolami (born October 16, 1956) is the William H. and Janet G. Lycan Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses on the synthesis, properties, and reactivity of new inorganic, organometallic, and solid state species. Girolami has been elected a fellow of the A... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) measure the Brownian motion of nanoparticles whose speed of motion, or diffusion constant, Dt, is related to particle size through the Stokes–Einstein equation.
where
*Dt is the diffusion constant, a product of diffusion coefficient D and time... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Because of its direct relevance to products of commerce, solid state inorganic chemistry has been strongly driven by technology. Progress in the field has often been fueled by the demands of industry, sometimes in collaboration with academia. Applications discovered in the 20th century include zeolite and platinum-base... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In a domestic setting, "soap" usually refers to what is technically called a toilet soap, used for household and personal cleaning. When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and fats/oils, which can then be separated from the article being cleaned.
The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside micel... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Odom attended Stanford University, where she earned a BS in chemistry, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and received the Standford's Marsden Memorial Prize for Chemistry Research (1996). She obtained her PhD in chemical physics from Harvard University in 2001 under the guidance of Charles M. Lieber, then conducted post-d... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Although ammonium bicarbonate has been utilized in the manufacturing of titanium foams, it is not an ideal spacer in that it has a low melting/dissociation point and some solubility in titanium. This results in considerable shrinkage which makes control of pore shape difficult. Furthermore, the decomposition releases e... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Ballistic foam is a foam that sets hard. It is widely used in the manufacture and repair of aircraft to form a light but strong filler for aircraft wings. The foam is used to surround aircraft fuel tanks to reduce the chance of fires caused by the penetration of incendiary projectiles.
Ballistic foam is a type of poly... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
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